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Unit 2 Morals and Virtues 学案（含答案）—高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册下学期期末复习
一、学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master v.-ing
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词：
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，
常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to + sb.+ doing sth.(doing作宾补)
(2)表示指使意义的动词使役动词
常见的有have，set，keep，get，catch，leave +sb./ sth. + doing sth. (doing作宾补)使某人做某事
3. see，hear，feel，watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示(或强调)动作的全过程。
例：We heard the telephone ringing.
We heard the telephone ring.
二、动词-ing形式作状语
动词的-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。
1. 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。
Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.
我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。
(= After we have made full preparation...)
2. 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
由于生病，他昨天没有上学。
(= Since he was ill...)
3. 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。
(= ... and broke it into pieces...)
4. 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.
如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。
(= If you work hard at your lessons...)
5. 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。
Working hard as he did, he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.
他虽然努力地干，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。
(= Though he worked hard as he did...)
6. 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
(= ...and stared at the sky for a long time)
注意：非谓语动词作状语时，如提供的动词不能与句子中的主语保持一致，动词-ing形式必须拥有自己的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来担任，这就是独立主格结构。
例：Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.
天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。
(permitting 的逻辑主语是weather，而不是the football match)
练习：
1. To keep fit, I add healthy food to my meals and stop _____ (eat) junk food.
2. Approaches to _____ (deal) with the problem have caused heated discussion among the students.
3. I am looking forward to _____ (explore) the world of literature with you.
4. Whenever I felt tired and wanted to stop, my parents kept _____ (encourage) me not to give up.
5. We can't imagine the trouble they had in _____ (practice) their spoken English.
6. Obviously, it is hard for Amy, a lover of literature to quit _____ (edit) a collection of poems by John Keats.
7. I recommend _____ (write) your feelings down on paper.
8. The rain forests are disappearing at an _____ (alarm) speed.
9. When the employees were working busily in the building, heavy smoke was seen _____ (come) out.
10. While _____ (speak), make constant eye contact but do not stare fixedly at the interviewer.
答案：
eating
dealing
exploring
encouraging
practicing
editing
writing
alarming
coming
speaking
四、核心素养对接高考
1. We want everyone to respect us. Do we respect everyone around us The answer is a big NO! We don't respect①_____we think is better than us. We don't respect poor and old people, and we don’t respect who we feel is less better②_____us. So how can we win respect The easiest way③_____(gain) respect is by giving respect.
Winning respect might be difficult but not impossible. Don't use bad language. Being④_____(help)and listening to someone are a sign of giving respect and⑤_____(win)respect as well. With patience and practice, you can get any kind of virtue.
Flowers are the main⑥_____(attract) of any type of decoration and in the same way respect is the beauty of life. Life is terrible⑦_____respect. Just think whenever you go to a party, everyone there is not treated equally. Do you know why Because of⑧_____(they) manners.
Why are we not treated sometimes as⑨_____(expect) Because we do the same to others who have expectations from us. Relationship can be healthy if we never cross the walls of respect.
Without respect, you can’t live. You need respect everywhere, in life, in work, in society or in family. A respected person⑩_____(speak) politely.
2. Liu Jiakun, the respected Chinese architect, has been awarded the 2025 Pritzker Architecture Prize, recognizing his efforts①_____(bridge) tradition and modernity. The Pritzker judges praised Liu for his deep respect for culture, history, and nature.
Liu's journey in architecture has been shaped by deep personal experiences and cultural influences. As a child, he would climb to the rooftop and gaze (凝视) over traditional wooden②_____(home). This early fascination with the built environment laid the foundation for his architectural philosophy③_____(root) in memory, place, and transformation. Yet, his path was not always certain. After finishing school, he thought about quitting architecture completely, but an inspiring exhibition by a former classmate put④_____on a path to change modern Chinese architecture.
Central to Liu's work is the idea that identity is both personal and collective. He revisits tradition as a "springboard (跳板) for innovation," seeking to integrate the past⑤_____modern technology.
A defining metaphor of Liu's philosophy is his desire to be "like water", which⑥_____(adapt) to the local environment without setting a fixed form. He envisions architecture as an organic process, one that absorbs the spirit of a place and grows⑦_____(natural) over time. "The water gradually solidifies, " he writes, "transforming into architecture, and perhaps even into the highest form of human spiritual⑧_____(create)."
In a global context⑨_____architecture is struggling to find sufficient responses to fast-developing social and environmental challenges, Liu Jiakun has provided⑩_____(convince) answers that celebrate the everyday lives of people as well as their social and spiritual identities.
3. In the spring of 2024,①_____(celebrate) singer Gong Linna set out on a new journey②_____(breathe) fresh life into an ancient art form yuanqu. The type, popular during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), is known for③_____(it) informal language and accessibility, an engaging mix of songs and drama that struck a chord deeply with everyday people at the time.
The Yuan period saw the rise of famous plays like The Romance of the Western Chamber and Dou E Yuan by Wang Shifu, both of④_____belong to the yuanzaju type and⑤_____(fascinate) audiences across China then. Masters⑥_____Guan Hanqing and Bai Pu composed a large number of sanqu and xiaoling that showcased the emotional depth and popularity of yuanqu — ⑦_____ultimate type that was equal parts entertainment and cultural reflection.
Inspired by this tradition, Gong teamed up with a group of talented musicians,⑧_____(range) from traditional Chinese opera artists to contemporary⑨_____(composer) and instrumentalists. The result is a new album, Gong Linna Sings Yuanqu, which,⑩_____(specific), combines the essence of this ancient type with modern musical sensibilities, creating a bridge between the centuries.
1.答案：
①who②than③to gain④helpful⑤winning⑥attraction⑦without⑧their⑨expected⑩speaks
解析：
本题主要考查宾语从句。分析句子成分可知，空格处与后面的we think is better than us 构成主句的宾语，且空格处在从句中作主语，指人，因此用who来引导宾语从句。故正确答案为who。
本题主要考查介词。根据句意，"我们"不尊重那些"我们"认为不如"我们"的人。此处将他人与"我们"进行比较，故用介词than表示比较关系。故正确答案为than。
本题主要考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词is，故此处为非谓语。根据句意，赢得尊重的最简单的方法就是给他人尊重。表示目的应用动词不定式。故正确答案为to gain。
本题主要考查形容词。根据句意，乐于助人和倾听他人是给予和赢得尊重的一个标志。be后应跟形容词，故用提示词help的形容词形式helpful。故正确答案为helpful。
本题主要考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词are，因此此处应为非谓语动词。and表示并列关系，因此空格处应与前面的giving形式一致。故正确答案为winning。
本题主要考查名词。形容词main后应跟名词，因此用attract的名词形式attraction。此处flowers虽然为复数，但被视作一个整体，因此attraction不需要变复数形式。故正确答案为attraction。
本题主要考查介词。根据句意，……尊重的生活是糟糕的。结合全文大意，可知此处应填入表示否定的介词。without意为"没有……"。故正确答案为without。
本题主要考查代词。manners为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，故用they的形容词性物主代词their。故正确答案为their。
本题主要考查固定搭配。as expected意为"不出所料；正如预期的"。故正确答案为 expected。
本题主要考查主谓一致。句子主语为A respected person，为第三人称单数。全文在讲述一般事实，均为一般现在时。故正确答案为speaks。
2.答案：
①to bridge②homes③rooted④him⑤with⑥adapts⑦naturally⑧creation⑨where⑩convincing
解析：
考查非谓语动词。句意：备受尊敬的中国建筑师刘家琨荣获了2025年普利兹克建筑奖，以认可他在连接传统与现代方面所付出的努力。空处在句中作后置定语，修饰名词efforts，且名词efforts与动词bridge之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以bridge要用不定式形式。故填to bridge。
考查名词的数。句意：小时候，他常常爬上屋顶，凝视着传统的木质房屋。home为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，所以要用其复数形式。故填homes。
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种早期对建筑环境的着迷，为他基于记忆、场所和变革的建筑理念奠定了基础。空处在句中作后置定语，修饰名词词组architectural philosophy，且名词词组architectural philosophy与动词root之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以root要用过去分词形式。故填rooted。
考查代词。句意：毕业后，他曾考虑彻底放弃建筑行业，但一位老同学举办的一场极具启发性的展览让他走上了改变中国现代建筑的道路。空处在句中作put的宾语，指代上文提到的he，所以要用宾格him。故填him。
考查介词。句意：他将传统视为"创新的跳板"，力求将过去与现代技术相结合。integrate...with...是固定搭配，表示"把……与……相结合"，所以空处要填介词with。故填with。
考查时态及主谓一致。句意：刘家琨建筑理念的一个典型隐喻是他渴望"像水一样"，能够适应当地环境而不设定固定的形式。空处在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，要用一般现在时，关系代词which指代先行词desire，为单数形式，所以从句谓语动词也要用单数形式。故填adapts。
考查副词。句意：他将建筑设想为一个有机的过程，一个吸收地方精神并随着时间自然发展的过程。空处修饰动词grows，要用副词作状语。故填naturally。
考查名词。句意：他写道："水逐渐凝固，转变成建筑，甚至可能变成人类精神创造的最高形式。"空处在句中作介词of的宾语，要用名词，create的名词形式为creation，为不可数名词。故填creation。
考查定语从句。句意：在全球建筑界努力寻找应对快速发展的社会和环境挑战的充分对策的背景下，刘家琨提供了令人信服的答案，这些答案既颂扬了人们的日常生活，也体现了他们的社会和精神身份。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词context，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以要用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故填where。
考查形容词。句意：在全球建筑界努力寻找应对快速发展的社会和环境挑战的充分对策的背景下，刘家琨提供了令人信服的答案，这些答案既颂扬了人们的日常生活，也体现了他们的社会和精神身份。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词answers，所以要用形容词，convincing为形容词，意为"令人信服的"。故填convincing。
3.答案：
①celebrated②to breathe③its④which⑤fascinated⑥like⑦an⑧ranging⑨composers⑩specifically
解析：
考查形容词。句意：2024年春天，著名歌手龚琳娜踏上了新的旅程，为古老的艺术形式元曲注入新的活力。修饰名词"singer"应用形容词，作定语，"celebrated"意为"著名的，广受赞誉的"。故填celebrated。
考查非谓语动词。句意：2024年春天，著名歌手龚琳娜踏上了新的旅程，为古老的艺术形式元曲注入新的活力。此处用动词不定式"to breathe"作目的状语，表示龚琳娜开启新旅程的目的是为古老的艺术形式元曲注入新的活力。故填to breathe。
考查代词。句意：这种在元朝(1271-1368年)流行的艺术形式，以其非正式的语言和通俗易懂而闻名，它是歌曲和戏剧的迷人结合，在当时深深打动了普通民众。修饰名词短语"informal language and accessibility"，应用"it"的形容词性物主代词形式its，作定语。故填its。
考查定语从句。句意：元朝见证了王实甫的《西厢记》和《窦娥冤》等著名戏剧的兴起，这两部作品都属于元杂剧类型，在当时吸引了中国各地的观众。此处"介词+关系代词"引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是"famous plays"，指物，用关系代词"which"替代先行词在从句中作"of"的宾语。故填which。
考查时态。句意：元朝见证了王实甫的《西厢记》和《窦娥冤》等著名戏剧的兴起，这两部作品都属于元杂剧类型，在当时吸引了中国各地的观众。fascinate是定语从句谓语动词，根据"then"(当时)可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填fascinated。
考查介词。句意：像关汉卿和白朴这样的大师创作了大量的散曲和小令，展示了元曲的情感深度和受欢迎程度——元曲是一种集娱乐和文化反映于一体的终极艺术形式。介词"like"在这里表示"像，例如"，用于举例说明大师，如关汉卿和白朴。故填like。
考查冠词。句意：像关汉卿和白朴这样的大师创作了大量的散曲和小令，展示了元曲的情感深度和受欢迎程度——元曲是一种集娱乐和文化反映于一体的终极艺术形式。根据语境可知，此处"一种终极的类型"，表示泛指概念，应用不定冠词，且"ultimate"是以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
考查非谓语动词。句意：受这一传统的启发，龚琳娜与一群才华横溢的音乐家合作，这些音乐家的范围从中国传统戏曲艺术家到当代作曲家和乐器演奏家。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语"teamed up with"，因此"range"需使用非谓语动词形式，又因"range"与被修饰词"musicians"之间是逻辑主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式，作后置定语。故填ranging。
考查名词复数。句意：受这一传统的启发，龚琳娜与一群才华横溢的音乐家合作，这些音乐家的范围从中国传统戏曲艺术家到当代作曲家和乐器演奏家。"composer"是可数名词，此处应与and后的"instrumentalists"并列，用复数形式。故填composers。
考查副词。句意：结果就是一张新专辑《龚琳娜唱元曲》，具体来说，它将这种古老艺术形式的精髓与现代音乐情感相结合，在几个世纪之间架起了一座桥梁。修饰整个句子，应用形容词"specific"的副词形式——specifically，作状语，表示"具体来说，特别地"。故填specifically。

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