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Unit 3 Diverse Cultures 学案（含答案）—高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册下学期期末复习
一、学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master ellipsis
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
省略句
一、简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语
例：(I) Thank you for your help.
谢谢你的帮助。
(It) Doesn't matter.
没关系。
2. 省略主语和谓语或主语和谓语的一部分
例：(You come) This way please.
请这边走。
(Will you) Have a smoke
抽烟吗？
3. 省略谓语或谓语的一部分
例：(Is) Anybody here
有人在这里吗？
Are you thirty
你30岁了吗？
Yes，I am (thirty).
是的，我是。
4. 省略宾语
例：Do you know Mr.Li
—你认识李先生吗？
I don't know (him).
—我不认识。
二、并列复合句中的省略
在由and或but等并列连词连接的并列复合句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1. 若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，通常省略后面分句的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
例：Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
2. 若主语与谓语动词相同，通常省路后面分句的主谓成分。
例：His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.
他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
3. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，通常省略后面分句的主要动词及后续部分。
例：He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of first aid).
他具备急救知识，但他的朋友不具备。
三、主从复合句中的省略
1. 状语从句的省略
(1)在 when，while，if，as if，though，although，until，once，whether...or…，unless，whenever等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语相同或从句的主语为it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。
例：Wood gives off much smoke while (it is) burning.
木头燃烧时产生很多烟。
(2)在than和as引导的比较状语从句中常省略than和a后面的某些成分。
例：They didn't use more water than (it was) necessary.
他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
2. 定语从句的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词 whom，which，that可省略(但whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。
例：The exact year (which/that) Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
安杰拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的确切年份是2008年。
(2)way后跟定语从句，关系词在从句中作状语时that/in which可以省略。
例：The way (in which/that) he speaks to us is really annoying.
他和我们讲话的方式真是讨厌。
3. 宾语从句的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接了两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
例：I believe (that) beauty comes from the heart.
我相信美是发自内心的。
四、虚拟语气中的省略
1. 虚拟条件状语从句中含有had、should、were时常省略if，而将were、had、should提前构成部分倒装。
例：Had you come here yesterday，you would have met her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。
2. 在一坚持(insist)，二命令(order、command)，三建议(suggest、propose、advise)，四要求(demand、require，request、ask)等后的宾语从句中，含这些词或它们的派生词的主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中，以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important/…that...中常省略 should。
五、动词不定式的省略
1. 当不定式用在形容词afraid、pleased，glad，happy，ready、willing、delighted等词后面时，to后与上文重复的内容常省略。
例：You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready to (answer the question).
如果他没有准备好回答这个问题，你不能强追他。
2. 某些使役动词，如：make、let、have和感官动词，如：see，watch, notice、observe、hear等后面作宾补的不定式常省略to，但若用于被动语态，则to不省略。
例：We often hear her sing English songs in the classroom.
我们经常听到她在教室里唱英文歌。
3. 两个并列使用的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间有对比关系，则不能省略to。
例：Her job is to look after the children and (to) teach them English.
她的工作是照顾这些孩子并教他们英语。
4. 当不定式在某些动词后作宾语或宾补时，常可省略to后面的与上文重复的部分。常见的这类动词有agree，afford，expect，forget，hope，intend，prefer，pretend，refuse，want，wish，like等。
例：I asked him to see the film，but he didn't want to(see the film).
我叫他去看电影，但他不想去
5. 连词but、except连接两个不定式，前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
例：I have nothing to do but wait.
除了等我无能为力。
6. 当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式常省略to。
例：All you need to do is (to) press the button.
你需要做的就是按那个按钮。
六、介词的省略
1. 在一些固定搭配中介词常被省略，如 spend time (in) doing sth.；have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.；prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.
例：She spends half an hour (in) reading every day.
她每天花半个小时读书。
2. 在口语中，星期几之前的on可以省略。
例：We will visit you (on) Tuesday.
我们星期二去看你。
3. 在肯定句中，"for+一段时间或距离"中的for有时被省略。
例：It has rained (for) a whole day.
雨已经下了一整天了。
练习：
1.The little boy was suddenly beaten by a heavy fist while _____ (concentrate) on playing computer games in the net bar.
2.If a person is bleeding, always wear gloves and protective eyewear when _____ (give) first aid care.
3.The disc, digitally ______ (record) in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
4.Nerve cells have limited ability to recover if _____ (destroy).
5.When _____ (refer) to that incident of last year, he still felt very frightened.
6.Though badly _____ (frighten), she remained outwardly calm.
7.I take notes while _____ (listen).
8.If _____ (expose) to extreme heat, the plastic material may melt.
9.These books will be put to the best use if _____ (donate) to the local library.
10.Its walls were painted fresh as if _____ (paint) yesterday.
答案：
concentrating
giving
recorded
destroyed
referring
frightened
listening
exposed
donated
painted
四、核心素养对接高考
1. 2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷英语真题
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot,①_____(taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether②_____(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出),③_____to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the④_____(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao's birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed⑤_____hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them⑥_____(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of⑦_____(they) contents. The meat should be fresh with⑧_____touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is⑨_____(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left⑩_____(want) more next time.
2. It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it's①_____ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement,②_____means you'll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn't think that a few③_____(month) of exercise in your teens would be enough④_____the rest of your life, and that's also true for building your vocabulary--you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.One of the⑤_____(effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to⑥_____(real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic. This isn't as hard as it⑦_____(sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while⑧_____(read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and⑨_____(they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words⑩_____(learn) this way in conversations almost automatically.
3. In much of Asia, especially the so-called "rice bowl" cultures of China, Japan, Korea,①_____Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might②_____(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ③_____(create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots,④_____(use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Over time,⑤____the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which⑥_____(gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,⑦_____lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C．, influenced the⑧_____(develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and⑨_____(be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat⑩_____their hands.
1.答案
①tasty②to bite③or④recognized⑤by⑥to be lifted⑦their⑧a⑨rarely⑩wanting
解析：
① 考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty"美味的"作定语，故填tasty。
② 考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth."决定做某事"，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。
③ 考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... "是……还是……"，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。
④ 考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized"被公认的"也可以看作是形容词作定语，故填recognized。
⑤考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand"用手"是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。
⑥ 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth."允许某人做某事"可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。
⑦ 考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。
⑧ 考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of "一点点；稍许"，常用搭配，touch"轻微；稍许"常用作单数，故填a。
⑨ 考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely"少有"，故填rarely。
⑩ 考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查"leave sb.+宾语补足语"，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting，故填wanting。
2.答案：
①an②which③months④for⑤most effective⑥really⑦sounds⑧reading⑨their
⑩ learned
解析：
① 考查冠词。句意：和生活中许多事情一样，积累词汇也是一个不断发展的过程。由语境可知填"一个"，欧宁以元音音素开头，"一个"用不定冠词an表示泛指。故填an。
② 考查定语从句关系词。句意：通过分析句子结构可知，_______means you'll just keep getting better and better.是定语从句，空白处所填的词指代逗号前的there's enough room for improvement，which在句中为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语。故填which。
③ 考查名词单复数。句意：你认为青少年时期几个月的记忆锻炼不够。month为可数名词，且由a few可知month应用复数形式。故填months。
④ 考查介词。句意：几个月的记忆锻炼对于余生是不够的。be enough for sth 对……已足够。故填介词for。
⑤考查形容词最高级。句意：读好书是扩大词汇量最有效的方法之一。此处要表达的是"最有效的方法之一"，因此填most effective。
⑥ 考查词性转换。句意：你需要一周至少真正读一本书。此处应用副词修饰动词read，因此填really。
⑦ 考查谓语动词。句意：这件事并不像听起来那么难。描述的是一般事实，而且主语为it，因此用sound的一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填sounds.
⑧ 考查非谓语动词。句意：你在阅读一篇有趣的文学故事时增长词汇量。逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系，故用现在分词reading ... 作状语；也可视为状语从句while you are reading... 的省略形式。故填reading。
⑨ 考查代词。句意：另一个好处是你不知不觉中学习到了新词和它们的用法。use在此处是名词，故用形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。
⑩ 考查非谓语动词。句意：你自然会在对话中使用这些词汇。learned / learnt作后置定语修饰words，表示"已学过的词"，words与learn是被动的关系，因此用过去分词。故填learned/learnt。
3.答案：
①and②be made③to create④using⑤as/when⑥gradually⑦who⑧development⑨ were⑩with
解析：
① 考查并列连词。句意：在亚洲的大部分地区，尤其是中国、日本、韩国和越南等所谓的"饭碗"文化，食物通常用筷子吃。这里列举了一些亚洲的国家，它们是并列关系。故填and。
② 考查被动语态。句意：精美的筷子可能是由刻有汉字的金或银制成的。make和名词chopsticks之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，be made of"由……制成"为固定搭配，在情态动词might之后，故填be made。
③ 考查非谓语动词。句意：技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。根据句意可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to create。
④ 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝搅拌食物。故填using。该句的谓语是cooked，且无连词，空处应用非谓语动词，use与其逻辑主语People之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填using。
⑤考查连词。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点。根据the population grew与people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly是两个完整的句子，空处应用连词，根据Over time以及句意可知，空处应用表示"随着"的连词as或者表示"当……时候"的连词when。故填as/when。
⑥ 考查副词。句意：用逐渐变成筷子的细枝可以很容易地吃到小块的食物。修饰动词短语turned into应用副词。故填gradually。
⑦ 考查定语从句。句意：有些人认为，大约生活在公元前551年至479年的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius，指代人，用关系代词who引导从句，在从句中作主语。故填who。
⑧ 考查名词。句意：有些人认为，大约生活在公元前551年至479年的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。根据空前the可知，此处应用名词形式。故填development。
⑨ 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：孔子认为刀具会让人想起杀戮和太暴力，不能在餐桌上使用。分析可知，believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，空处应用动词的过去式与would并列。主谓一致，故填were。
⑩ 考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法——用手拿。根据句意，此处应用表示"用"的介词with，with＋表示具体工具的名词，表示"用……"。故填with。

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