资源简介

Unit 4 Space Exploration 学案（含答案）—高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册下学期期末复习
一、学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master infinitive
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
动词不定式作定语和状语
一、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语通常表目的、结果、原因等。
1. 表目的
例：They ran over to welcome the delegates.
他们跑过去欢迎代表们。
He stood up to be seen better.
他站起来以让别人看得更清楚。
2. 表结果
例：What have I said to make you so angry
我说了什么让你这么生气？
He came round to find himself in hospital.
他苏醒过来发现自己住院了。
3. 表原因
不定式表示原因时般放在句子的末尾，说明主语产生某种情感(glad pleased，sad，worried，sad excited)的原因。
例：I'm very glad to hear that Li Lei has been elected secretary of the Party.
听说李蕾被选为了党委书记，我很高兴。
4. 作评论性状语
有些不定式用于修饰整个句子，表明说话者的观点或态度，我们称之为评论性状语。
例：To be honest，I don't like her.
说实话，我不喜欢她。
二、动词不定式作定语
1. 动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放在所修饰的词的后面。作后置定语。
例：Who was the first one to arrive
谁第一个到的？
The best way to learn English is to use it.
学英语最好的方法是使用它。
When is the best time to plant vegetables
什么时候是种植蔬菜的最好时间？
(1)动词不定式作定语，它与所修饰的名词或代词可能是主动关系，也可能是被动关系。如果是被动关系，且句中含有不定式动作的执行者时，不定式要用主动表示被动。
例：He was the last one to leave school yesterday.
他是昨天最后一个离开学校的人。
We have much homework to do every day.
我们每天有很多家庭作业要做。
(2)动词不定式(短语)作定语修饰名词且与其所修饰的词之间为被动关系时，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词，那么其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。
例：I have no chair to sit on.
我没有椅子坐。
He has no house to live in.
他没有房子住。
练习：
1. Scientists have warned that coral reefs are likely to become the world's first ecosystem ______ (disappear) because of global warming.
2. In our school, he is the only student ______ (attend) the important meeting.
3. The exam ______ (take) several months away is of great importance to every student.
4. Our committee has a major role _______ (play) in maintaining air and water quality.
5. Only when you try your best can you have a chance ______ (become) a promising person.
6. I am sure the news ______ (announce) at the meeting tomorrow will surprise all of you.
7. As a matter of fact, they were very surprised ______ (inform) of the news.
8. I rushed to the teachers' office to find Mr Wang, only ______ (find) it was April Fools' Day.
9. She was tired of the life in the countryside and desired ______ (go) to the city.
10. There were so many people that Lucy had to shout and wave so as ______ (notice).
答案：
1. to disappear
2. to attend
3. to be taken
4. to play
5. to become
6. to be announced
7. to be informed
8. to find
9. to go
10. to be noticed
四、核心素养对接高考
1. A second crew of three astronauts are heading for China's Tianhe space station module after the①_____(success) launch of the Shenzhou-13 mission Friday. Astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu will be busy during their six months in orbit. They'll spend a lot of time②_____(test) and validating technologies that will allow China to finish③_____(construct) of the new space station,④_____is called Tiangong ("Heavenly Palace"). That station will consist⑤_____three modules; the other two⑥_____(expect) to launch toward the 54-foot-long (16.6 meters) Tianhe next year. For example, the Shenzhou13 crew will move the robotic Tianzhou2 cargo (货物) spacecraft from one Tianhe docking (对接) port to another using the module's robotic arm, Chinese officials said. Tianzhou2⑦_____(arrive) at Tianhe in May, delivering supplies for the Shenzhou 12 crew. Zhai, Wang and Ye will also conduct a variety of⑧_____(experiment) onboard Tianhe, including work designed to advance space medicine and scientists' understanding of micro gravity physics. And researchers on the ground will keep close tabs (监视) on the trio's health, to learn more about how long-duration spaceflight affects people⑨_____(mental) and physically. The crew will also conduct two⑩_____three spacewalks during the Shenzhou 13 mission.
2. Authorized (授权) by Yang Liwei, China's first astronaut①_____(enter) space, the Beijing Science and Technology Press (BSTP) published the picture book First Man on Sunday, marking the twentieth anniversary of the country's first manned space travel.
Using pictures, the book②_____(vivid) shows the whole process of Yang's historic flight in October 2003, including the liftoff, in-orbit flight and return to Earth of the Shenzhou V spaceship.
This book is an opportunity③_____science publishers to introduce the story of Yang Liwei and the Shenzhou V mission to readers,④_____(allow) them to get to know the Chinese space hero better.
The content of the picture book⑤_____(base) on Yang's autobiography (自传), Long March to Space,⑥_____was published in 2010. Part of the book's context was included in the country's middle school textbook in 2021. It soon⑦_____(become) a trending topic on social media networks.
Yang often attends science population⑧_____(event), of which the missions are to light up children's⑨_____(curious) and to stimulate them to explore science and the unknown. He hopes the new picture book will prove⑩_____good science population work.
3. The Chang'e moon program has launched increasingly complex and①_____(ambition) missions over the past 17 years.
Chang'e 1 and Chang'e 2②_____(send) orbiters to the moon in 2007 and 2010, separately. Chang'e 3 marked China's first trip to③_____lunar surface, putting an explorer on the near side in late 2013. Chang'e 4 landed on the far side in early 2019. Chang'e 5-T1 launched a test lander around the moon④_____returned to the earth in 2014, proving that it could get lunar samples back⑤_____(safe) , which Chang'e 5 did in late 2020.
And there are more missions to come. Chang'e 7 is scheduled to launch in 2026⑥_____(assess) the resource potential of the moon's south polar region⑦_____is thought to have plenty of water ice. Chang'e 8 will lift off two years later to test ways to use those resources on-site.
And all of this work will lead to something even much⑧_____(big) if all goes according to plan:⑨_____(crew) landings to the moon, which China aims to start by 2030. The nation wants to build a station near the south pole called the International Lunar Research Station later in the 2030s, with help from⑩_____(partner) such as Russia, Belarus and Pakistan.
1.答案：
①successful②testing③construction④which⑤of⑥are expected⑦arrived⑧experiments⑨ mentally⑩or
解析：
① 考查形容词。句意：在周五神舟十三号任务成功发射后，第二批三名宇航员正前往中国的天和空间站核心舱。"launch"是名词，前面需要用形容词来修饰。"success"是名词，其形容词形式"successful"表示"成功的"，作定语。故填successful。
② 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们将花费大量时间测试和验证一些技术，这些技术将使中国能够完成新空间站的建设。spend time (in) doing sth."是固定搭配，其中"in"可以省略，"doing"作"spend time"的宾语。所以这里"test"要用动名词形式"testing"。故填testing。
③ 考查名词。句意：他们将花费大量时间测试和验证一些技术，这些技术将使中国能够完成新空间站的建设。"finish"是及物动词，后面需要接名词作宾语。"construct"是动词，其名词形式"construction"表示"建设"。故填construction。
④ 考查定语从句。句意：他们将花费大量时间测试和验证一些技术，这些技术将使中国能够完成名为"天宫"的新空间站的建设。"____ is called Tiangong ("Heavenly Palace")"是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是"the new space station"，关系代词在从句中作主语，且在非限制性定语从句中不能用"that"，所以用"which"。故填which。
⑤ 考查介词。句意：那个空间站将由三个模块组成。"consist of"是固定短语，意为"由……组成"。故填of。
⑥ 考查时态和语态。句意：另外两个模块预计明年将向天和核心舱(长54英尺，约16.6米)发射。"the other two"指的是另外两个模块，"模块"和"expect(期望，预计)"之间是被动关系，即"模块被预计"。这里说的是现在对未来的预计，用一般现在时。一般现在时的被动语态结构是"am/is/are +过去分词"，主语"the other two"是复数，所以用"are expected"。故填are expected。
⑦ 考查一般过去时。句意：天舟二号在五月份到达了天和核心舱，为神舟十二号的宇航员运送了物资。根据"in May"可知，"arrive"这个动作发生在过去，所以要用一般过去时，"arrive"的过去式是"arrived"。故填arrived。
⑧ 考查名词复数。句意：翟志刚、王亚平和叶光富也将在天和核心舱上进行各种各样的实验，包括旨在推进太空医学和科学家对微重力物理学理解的工作。"a variety of"意为"各种各样的"，后接可数名词复数。"experiment"是可数名词，所以这里要用其复数形式"experiments"。故填experiments。
⑨ 考查副词。句意：地面上的研究人员将密切监视这三名宇航员的健康状况，以更多地了解长时间的太空飞行对人的精神和身体方面的影响。这里需要用副词与"physically"并列，共同修饰动词"affects"。"mental"是形容词，其副词形式"mentally"表示"在精神上"。故填mentally。
⑩ 考查连词。句意：在神舟十三号任务期间，宇航员们还将进行两到三次太空行走。"two or three"表示"两到三个"，是固定搭配，所以这里填"or"。故填or。
2.答案：
①to enter②vividly③for④allowing⑤is based⑥which⑦became⑧events⑨curiosity⑩a
解析：
① 考查不定式。句意：上周日，由中国首位进入太空的宇航员杨利伟授权，北京科学技术出版社出版了绘本《太空一日》，以纪念我国首次载人航天飞行20周年。设空处为非谓语动词，astronaut被序数词first修饰，其后常用动词不定式作后置定语，故填to enter。
② 考查副词。句意：这本书用图片生动地展示了2003年10月杨利伟历史性飞行的全过程，包括神舟五号飞船升空、在轨飞行和返回地球。空处修饰动词shows，需要用副词来修饰作状语，vivid是形容词，其副词形式是vividly，故填vividly。
③ 考查介词。句意：这本书是科学出版商向读者介绍杨利伟和神舟五号任务的一个机会，让他们更好地了解这位中国太空英雄。an opportunity for sb. to do sth.是固定用法，表示"某人做某事的机会"，故填for。
④ 考查现在分词。句意：同上。This book与allow之间是主动关系，即这本书"允许"读者更好地了解英雄，所以用现在分词作状语，故填allowing。
⑤ 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这本绘本的内容是根据杨的自传《天地九重》改编的，该书于2010年出版。be based on是固定短语，表示"基于；以……为基础"，句子描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The content of the picture book是单数，所以be动词用is，故填is based。
⑥ 考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是Long March to Space，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
⑦ 考查时态。句意：它很快成为社交媒体网络上的热门话题。设空处为谓语，根据上文时间状语"in 2021"可知，该句时态为一般过去时，所以动词become要用过去式became。故填became。
⑧ 考查名词的数。句意：杨利伟经常参加科普活动，这些活动的使命是点燃孩子们的好奇心，并激励他们探索科学和未知领域。event是可数名词，根据语境可知，杨利伟经常参加多个科普活动，所以要用复数形式，故填events。
⑨ 考查名词。句意：同上。children's是名词所有格，后面需要接名词，curious是形容词，其名词形式是curiosity，表示"好奇心"，不可数名词。故填curiosity。
⑩ 考查冠词。句意：他希望新的图画书能证明是一本很好的科普读物。work意为"作品"，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且good发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰，故填a。
3.答案：
①ambitious②sent③the④and⑤safely⑥to assess⑦that/which⑧bigger⑨crewed⑩partners
解析：
① 考查形容词。句意：嫦娥探月工程在过去17年中开展了日益复杂和雄心勃勃的任务。分析句子可知，此处需要用形容词作定语修饰名词missions，ambitious，表"雄心勃勃的"，符合句意。故填ambitious。
② 考查动词时态。句意：嫦娥一号和嫦娥二号分别于2007年和2010年将轨道飞行器发射到月球。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语，主语Chang'e 1 and Chang'e 2与send为主动关系，且in 2007 and 2010是过去的时间，句子应用一般过去时。故填sent。
③ 考查冠词。句意：嫦娥三号标志着中国首次踏上月球表面，2013年底在月球正面放置了一个探测器。分析句子可知，lunar surface是特指月球表面，需要用定冠词the。故填the。
④ 考查连词。句意：嫦娥五号T1于2014年发射了一个绕月试验着陆器并返回地球。分析句子可知，launched和returned是并列的动作，应用并列连词and 连接。故填and。
⑤ 考查副词。句意：证明它能够将月球样本安全带回，嫦娥五号在2020年底做到了这一点。分析句子可知，此处需要用副词作状语修饰动词"get...back"。故填safely。
⑥ 考查非谓语动词。句意：嫦娥七号计划于2026年发射，以评估月球南极地区的资源潜力。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to assess。
⑦ 考查定语从句。句意：月球南极地区被认为有大量的水冰。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词the moon's south polar region，为物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
⑧ 考查形容词比较级。句意：如果一切按计划进行，所有这些工作将带来更大的成果。分析句子可知，even much修饰比较级，big的比较级是bigger。故填bigger。
⑨ 考查形容词。句意：载人登月，中国的目标是在2030年开始。分析句子可知，此处需要用形容词修饰名词landings，rewed，表示"载人的"，符合语境。故填crewed。
⑩ 考查名词复数。句意：在俄罗斯、白俄罗斯和巴基斯坦等合作伙伴的帮助下。分析句子可知，partner是可数名词，根据"such as Russia, Belarus and Pakistan"可知，此处应用复数形式。故填partners。

展开更多......

收起↑