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Unit 1 Art—高二英语下学期期末四步复习法
一、学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master infinitive
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
动词不定式(短语)作表语
动词不定式(短语)作表语相当于名词作表语。它和主语处在同等地位，所指的或是和主语一样的东西，或是主语产生的结果。常常可以将主、表交换位置，句子的意义不变。
一、动词不定式(短语)作表语的用法
1. 主语是以aim，suggestion，duty，hope，idea，intention，plan，purpose，the way to do sth等为中心的名词词组时，或者以what引导的名词性分句表示，一般用动词不定式作表语说明主语的内容。
例：My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
我的想法是从北面爬这座山。
Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
我们的计划是更好地利用这些材料。
What I would suggest is to ask your father for his opinion.
我的建议是征求你父亲的意见。
The best way to encourage your kids to enjoy meals is to involve them in the planning and preparing.
鼓励孩子享受美食的最好方法是让他们参与计划和准备(美食)。
2. 表示目的。
例：The next step is to make sure that you know exactly what is required.
下一步你要真正弄清楚需要的是什么。
3. 表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言。
例：He was to die in a shipwreck and to leave his wife and two children.
后来他在一次船只失事中丧生，留下了妻子和两个孩子。
4. 用于被动语态，相当于can/could，should，ought to，must具有情态意义。
例：The regulations are to be observed.
规章制度必须遵守。(must)
You are to be rewarded.
你应受奖励。(should)
It's nowhere to be found.
哪儿也找不到它。(can't be)
5. 表示"同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、愿望、意愿、禁止"等。
例：They are to marry next week.
他们将在下周结婚。(安排)
You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.
成功，就必须有耐心，有毅力。(愿望)
6. 动词不定式(短语)作表语时，可用主动形式表示被动意义。
例：Who is to blame for the fire
谁该对此次火灾负责？
The house is to let.
该房屋出租。
Something is still to find out.
有些东西还有待查明。
二、动词不定式(短语)作表语省略to的情况
动词不定式(短语)作表语时，一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略，但在以下几种情况下可省略不定式符号to：
1. all作主句主语，其后的定语从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
例：All we need to do is live each day with hope.
我们需要做的就是带着希望过好每一天。
2. what引导的从句作主语，从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
例：What I want to do is take a holiday right away.
我想马上就去度假。
3.(主句)主语被only，first，one，least或形容词最高级修饰，且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
例：In the evening the only thing he did was read the newspaper.
晚上他唯一做的就是看报纸。
三、动词不定式(短语)作表语和v-ing(短语)作表语的区别
1. 动词不定式(短语)和v-ing(短语)作表语时，要注意与句子的主语在形式上保持一致，即若句子的主语为v-ing(短语)，则表语也应使用v-ing(短语)，若主语为动词不定式(短语)，则表语也应使用动词不定式(短语)。
例：To see is to believe.= Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
2. 动词不定式(短语)和v-ing(短语)作表语时可换用，但以下情况除外：
(1)当动词所表达的是某一特定的行为，尤其是将来的行为或有待于实现的行为时，通常用动词不定式(短语)作表语。
例：Her best wish is to put her new ideas into practice.
她最大的愿望是将自己的新想法付诸实践。
(2)若动词所表达的并不强调动作，而是表示主语的内容，则通常用v-ing(短语)作表语。
例：My favorite sport is swimming.
我最喜欢的运动是游泳。
What I hate most is being laughed at.
我最痛恨的就是被嘲笑。
练习：
1. I have managed to convince myself ______ (overcome) my fear of failure and try my best. 2. Whatever happened, we always knew we still had the Bank ______ (depend) on.
3. The designer stopped and looked forward ______ (see) what was happening at the crossroads.
4. She gave me a book with instructions ______ (help) me learn the language.
5. He would prefer ______ (stay) home rather than go out on such a rainy day.
6. Students nowadays are struggling ______ (compete) with each other for high marks.
7. ______ (strength) the relationship between the two countries, more trade cooperation will be promoted.
8. The clown doctor deserves ______ (win) the glory.
9. After studying for another year, he managed ______ (pass) the exam, entering a key university.
10. The project manager requested us ______ (hand) in our progress reports by the end of the week.
答案：
1. to overcome
2. to depend
3. to see
4. to help
5. to stay
6. to compete
7. To strengthen
8. to win
9. to pass
10. to hand
四、核心素养对接高考
1. 2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷)英语试题
To understand a painting, we're taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting①_____ (appreciate) by someone who's blind Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not②_____ (do). John Olson, a former③_____ (photograph) and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
The tactile (可触知的) paintings work as a way to show art to④_____blind because we don't see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain's adaptability-shows that the visual cortex (大脑皮层) is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their⑤_____ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of⑥_____ (sight ) people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
Luc Gandarias, who's now thirteen, went blind suddenly⑦_____age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" he⑧_____ (notice) her smile right away. "I can actually feel what you see when you look at it," he said.
For Luc, this means⑨_____ (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it⑩_____to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person."
2. In ancient China lived an artist①_____ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist's reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their②_____ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would③_____ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River～perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with④_____ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.⑤_____ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and⑥_____ (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out⑦_____ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved,⑧_____ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds⑨_____ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist⑩_____ earth, Mother Nature.
3. Painter Feng Zikai (1898-1975) recalled his childhood enlightenment as he learned about painting in his article①_____ (pen) in 1934. When he studied Chinese poetry and the Three-Character Classic, he found himself, instead of②_____ (catch) by the text, seized by the illustrations. These images were so③_____ (impress) that he began coloring them using paints from his family's dye house.
"The children new to school enjoy coloring images in textbooks," says Li Hongbo,④_____art professor at Jilin Normal University. "They may have limited understanding of colors, but they often take pride in their 'creations' and find endless pleasure from such activities." "These⑤_____ (phenomenon) can serve as a gateway for children to learn about painting⑥_____ reveal that textbooks from other subjects can contribute to the fundamental fine arts education," says Li.
Feng's story⑦_____ (show) visibly in the ongoing Mirror to the Future: Chinese Basic Art Education Literature Exhibition,⑧_____ highlight is to show the development of the country's fundamental fine arts education since 1904. This exhibition displays the rich value of fine arts education in enhancing the ability to appreciate beauty, cultivate the soul and stimulate innovation. It also makes possible the⑨_____ (integrate) of the rich resources into the field of education,⑩_____ (give) full play to their roles of preserving history and educating people.
1.答案：
①be appreciated②to do③photographer④the⑤existing⑥sighted⑦at⑧noticed⑨independence⑩and
解析：
① 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填be appreciated。
② 考查不定式。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth"告诉某人不要做某事"为固定短语。故填to do。
③ 考查名词。句意：约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师，他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。单数名词做主语，根据句意表示"摄影师"，此处为单数概念，故填photographer。
④ 考查冠词。句意：触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式，因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看；我们用大脑看。the blind"盲人"，the+形容词表示一类人。故填the。
⑤ 考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特 (Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语，修饰sense。故填existing。
⑥ 考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特 (Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people，表示"能看见的、不盲的"。故填sighted。
⑦ 考查介词。句意：Luc Gandarias今年13岁，7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时，用介词at。故填at。
⑧ 考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据"he felt"可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。
⑨ 考查名词。句意：对卢克来说，这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean的宾语。故填independence。
⑩ 考查连词。句意：能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。根据句意可知，前后为并列关系，所以用and来连接。故填and。
2.答案
①whose②finest③be chosen④curiosity⑤When/As⑥pointed⑦to find⑧gently⑨surrounding⑩on
解析：
① 考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。
② 考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示"最好的"此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
③ 考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
④ .考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示"好奇心"。故填curiosity。
⑤ 考查连接词。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句，表示"当……时候"，且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词，不能用while引导，故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
⑥ 考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
⑦ 考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示"出发去做某事"短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
⑧ 考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示"缓缓地"。故填gently。
⑨ 考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds⑨_____ (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
⑩ 考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示"在世界上"短语为on earth。故填on。
3.答案：
①penned②being caught③impressive④an⑤phenomena⑥and⑦is being shown/is shown⑧whose⑨integration⑩giving
解析：
① 考查非谓语动词。句意：画家丰子恺(1898-1975)在他1934年撰写的文章中回忆了他童年时学习绘画的启蒙经历。空处为定语，修饰名词article，且pen意为"撰写"，与article之间为被动关系，需用过去分词作定语。故填penned。
② 考查非谓语动词。句意：当他学习中国诗歌和《三字经》时，他发现自己被插图所吸引，而不是被文字所吸引。空处为介词宾语，应为动名词形式，且catch意为"吸引"，与he之间为被动关系，需用动名词的被动语式作宾语。故填being caught。
③ 考查形容词。句意：这些图像如此令人印象深刻，以至于他开始用家里染坊的颜料给它们上色。空处需填形容词作表语，修饰名词images。故填impressive。
④ 考查冠词。句意：吉林师范大学艺术系教授李洪波说："刚上学的孩子们喜欢给课本上的图像上色"，art professor为单数可数名词，且空处表示"一名艺术教授"，表示泛指，需用不定冠词修饰，且art为元音音素开头的单词，需用不定冠词an。故填an。
⑤ 考查名词复数。句意：李洪波说："这些现象可以成为孩子们学习绘画的门户，并表明其他学科的教科书有助于基础美术教育"。phenomenon为可数名词，由These修饰，需用复数形式。故填phenomena。
⑥ 考查连词。句意：同上。serve和reveal是并列的谓语动词，需用连词and连接。故填and。
⑦ 考查时态和语态。句意：丰的故事在正在进行的"镜鉴未来：中国基础美术教育文献展"中明显体现出来，该展览的亮点是展示自1904年以来中国基础美术教育的发展。空处为谓语动词，结合句意"正在明显体现"可知，此处需用现在进行时，且主语Feng's story与show之间为被动关系，需用现在进行时的被动语态；并且本空也可翻译为"在正在进行的'镜鉴未来：中国基础美术教育文献展'中明显体现出来"，因此，也可用一般现在时，主语Feng's story与show之间为被动关系，所以也可用一般现在时的被动语态。主语"Feng's story"为单数，be动词用is。故填is being shown/is shown。
⑧ 考查定语从句。句意：同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Exhibition，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰名词highlight，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
⑨ 考查名词。句意：它也使这些丰富资源融入教育领域成为可能，充分发挥它们在保存历史和教育人民方面的作用。空处需填其名词形式integration作make的宾语，integration意为"融合"。故填integration。
⑩ 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。give的逻辑主语是前面的句子，两者之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填giving。
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