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Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 学案（含答案）—高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册下学期期末复习
一、学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master present perfect continuous
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
现在完成进行时
1. 构成：have/has+been+v-ing
2. 用法：
(1)表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，将来还可能延续下去，强调动作的延续性。
例：I have been waiting for an hour, but she hasn't come yet.
我都等了一个小时了，但是她还没来。
Tom has been working hard since the new term began.
自新学期开始，汤姆一直在努力学习。
(2)表示从过去某时开始到现在这一段时间内动作一再重复发生。
例：She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks.
两星期以来，她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。
You have been telling me not to be late all the way.
一路上你一直在告诉我不要迟到。
(3)表示动作刚刚结束，该动作一般不再继续，有时会指出结果。
例：I have been playing ping-pong all morning, so I'm sweating.
整个上午我一直在打乒乓球，所以我浑身是汗。
I've been painting the door, so my hands are very dirty.
我一直在给门刷油漆，所以我的手很脏。
(4)表示某种感彩。
例：You have been daydreaming but never make an effort.
你一直在做白日梦，但从不努力。(指责)
You have been lying to me.
你一直在对我说谎。(气愤)
3. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
(1)现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果；现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性。
试比较：
I have thought it over.
我已经考虑过这件事了。
I have been thinking it over.
我一直在考虑这件事。
(2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的反复性；现在完成时一般不表示反复性。
试比较：
Have you been meeting him recently
你最近经常见他吗？
Have you met him recently
你最近见过他吗？
(3)现在完成进行时有时含有感彩；现在完成时一般表示平铺直叙。
试比较：
亨利工作有条不紊。
Henry has been doing his work orderly.
(含表扬的意味)
Henry has done his work orderly.
(描述事实)
练习：
1. Now that she is out of work , Lucy ______ (think) about going back to school, but she hasn't decided yet.
2. I believe that Tom will pass the driving test this time, for he ______ (prepare) for the test for the last three weeks.
3. For the past years, I ______ (share) a flat with other people, trying to save money to open my own business.
4. Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes now ______ (use) these passages for уears.
5. Since last month, George, along with some of his former classmates, ______ (desire) to have a 20-year gathering during this summer.
6. Tom ______ (talk) about his wonderful experience during the holiday without noticing the time.
7. Several companies ______ (approach) Anderson these few days; he's had job offers of all sorts.
8. All these years they ______ (contribute) articles to our magazines.
9. For the past two years, they ______ (study) ways to kill bacteria under zero gravity.
10. They ______ (work) on their program all year and are hoping to finish it soon.
答案：
1. has been thinking
2. has been preparing
3. have been sharing
4. have been using
5. has been desiring
6. has been talking
7. have approached/have been approaching
8. have been contributing
9. have studied/have been studying
10. have been working
四、核心素养对接高考
1. Bridge to Terabithia is a story about friendship, imagination and① _____ (overcome) adversity (逆境) — and it's been turned into a Disney movie!
Jesse Aarons is a quiet, sensitive kid who② _____ (secret) loves to draw. One summer, his title as "the③ _____ (fast) runner in class" is threatened when a new girl arrives at school. Leslie Burke is the only child④ _____ two wealthy writers and Jesse is the only boy in a family of five kids. The two quickly form an unlikely friendship⑤ _____ helps them escape from their unhappy school lives.
Jesse and Leslie create an imaginary world⑥ _____ (call) Terabithia where they pretend they are king and queen. Every day after school, Jesse and Leslie swing the rope swing over the river⑦ _____ (get) to their magical world where they have thrilling make-believe adventures — their friendship growsand they forget their everyday problems.
Bridge to Terabithia is a tear-jerking story about friendship, courage, imagination and loss. It covers some pretty adult⑧ _____ (topic) while still remaining a great kids' read. This book⑨ _____ (release) way back in 1977 but it's a timeless story that's certain to become one of your favorites. Check it out and, if you still can't get enough Terabithia action, go and see⑩ _____ Disney movie too!
2. When the Lebanese director Nadine Lebaki was doing research for her film Capernaum, she interviewed many children struggling for① _____ (survive) in Beirut and asked them one question at the end of the conversations.
The question was, "Are you happy to be alive " Sadly, the truth is② _____ most of the answers were in the negative. The children from poverty-stricken families talked about their miserable situations③ _____ they were abused and badly treated. These children live in④ _____ (extreme) difficult conditions,⑤ _____ (face) hunger, lack of education, and constant mistreatment. Their stories are heart-wrenching (令人心碎的) and make us realize⑥ _____ terrible realities many children are faced with.
The 2-hour film begins with a story about Zain,⑦ _____ 12-year-old boy who asks the parents why he is brought to the world with flashback shots about his sufferings appearing constantly. He is indeed a strong and wise character, physically smaller than his real age. Zain's courage and determination in the face of adversity are ⑧ _____ (inspire).
Besides, most of the other actors found it easy for them to act because similar experiences even happened in their real life. This adds a layer of authenticity⑨ _____ the film. Since the film premiered at Festival De Cannes, a lot of attention and praise⑩ _____ (receive). It has touched the hearts of audiences around the world and sparked important discussions about child poverty and human rights.
3. The craftswoman Ji Yulan, an inheritor of the intangible heritage of paper-cutting from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, ①_____ (engage) herself in the art for over 40 years.
She made paper-cuts of people from all ②_____ (walk) of life. "The paper-cutting art comes from the folk and it should return to the people,"Ji said. One of her pieces described a nurse with long, beautiful hair, ③_____ (wear) a mask and a white gown (罩衣).Ji was deeply impressed by female medical workers ④_____ cut their long hair to better themselves for their jobs. "Women are charming in long hair and it takes a lot of courage to cut it," Ji said. She created a paper-cutting work to show the image, in which a nurse has her long hair back.
Ji has 12 students, aged from 3 ⑤_____ 23. "They discovered their interest in paper-cutting and came to me to learn it, she said. She devotes ⑥_____ (she) to her career and often encourages her students ⑦_____ (create) works based on a younger mindset. Ji said,"I am ⑧_____ (extreme) optimistic about the future of the craft. Younger generation have a real sense of ⑨_____ (culture) heritage.
Ji keeps practicing paper-cutting every day. Her works hang in her studio ⑩_____ appear in every corner of her home. She also learned to share her works on video-sharing platforms to increase her audience.
1.答案：
①overcoming②secretly③fastest④of⑤which/that⑥called⑦to get⑧topics⑨was released⑩the
解析：
①考查动名词。句意：《仙境之桥》是一个关于友谊、想象力以及克服逆境的故事——并且它已被改编成一部迪士尼电影！"and"连接并列成分，"friendship"和"imagination"为名词，"overcome"是动词，此处需用其动名词形式"overcoming"，与前两者并列，作介词"about"的宾语。故填overcoming。
②考查副词。句意：杰西·艾伦斯是一个安静、敏感的孩子，他秘密地热爱绘画。"loves"是动词，修饰动词要用副词，"secret"是形容词，其副词形式"secretly"表示"秘密地"，故填secretly。
③考查形容词最高级。句意：有一年夏天，当一个新女孩来到学校时，他作为"班上跑得最快的人"的头衔受到了威胁。根据"in class"以及"the"可知，此处是在班级范围内进行比较，应用形容词最高级，"fast"的最高级是"fastest"，表示"最快的"。故填fastest。
④考查介词。句意：莱斯利·伯克是两位富有的作家的独生女，而杰西是一个有五个孩子的家庭中唯一的男孩。"the only child of..."表示"……的独生孩子"，"of"表示所属关系，故填of。
⑤考查定语从句。句意：两人很快建立起了一段不太可能的友谊，这段友谊帮助他们逃离了不愉快的学校生活。"⑤ ______ helps them escape from their unhappy school lives"是定语从句，先行词是"friendship"，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词"which"或"that"引导该定语从句。故填which/that。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：杰西和莱斯利创造了一个名为特拉比西亚的想象世界，在那里他们假装自己是国王和王后。"an imaginary world"与"call"之间是被动关系，即世界是被命名的，过去分词作后置定语表示被动和完成，所以用"call"的过去分词"called"修饰"an imaginary world"。故填called。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意：每天放学后，杰西和莱斯利都荡着绳索过河，以到达他们的魔法世界，在那里他们进行着激动人心的虚构冒险——他们的友谊得以深化，并且他们忘记了日常的烦恼。此处用动词不定式"to get"作目的状语，表示荡绳索过河的目的是到达魔法世界。故填to get。
⑧考查名词复数。句意：它涵盖了一些相当成人化的话题，同时仍然是一本很棒的儿童读物。"some"表示"一些"，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，"topic"是可数名词，所以要用复数形式"topics"。故填topics。
⑨考查时态和语态。句意：这本书早在1977年就出版了，但它是一个永恒的故事，肯定会成为你最喜欢的书之一。句子主语"This book"和"release"(出版)之间是被动关系，且时间状语"in 1977"表明是过去的时间，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为"was/were + 过去分词"，主语"This book"是单数，be动词用"was"，"release"的过去分词是"released"。故填was released。
⑩考查冠词。句意：看看这本书，如果你还对特拉比西亚的故事意犹未尽，也可以去看看那部迪士尼电影！此处特指由《仙境之桥》改编的迪士尼电影，所以用定冠词"the"。故填the。
2.答案：
①surviving/survival②that③where④extremely⑤facing⑥what/the⑦a⑧inspiring⑨to⑩have been received
解析：
①考查名词或者动名词。句意：当黎巴嫩导演纳丁勒巴基(Nadine Lebaki)为她的电影《何以为家》做调查时，她采访了许多在贝鲁特挣扎求生的孩子，并在谈话结束时问了他们一个问题。由空前for介词可知，此处为名词或者动名词形式作宾语成分。故填surviving' survival。
②考查表语从句。句意：可悲的是，事实是大多数的答案都是否定的。分析句子可知，从句成分完整，且无意思需求。此处为连接词that引导的表语从句，故填that。
③考査定语从句。句意：来自贫困家庭的孩子们讲述了他们被虐待和虐待的悲惨境遇。分析句子可知，先行词situations在从句中作地点状语成分，此处为关系副词where引导的定语从句。故填where。
④考查副词。句意：这些儿童生活在极其困难的条件下，面临饥饿、缺乏教育和不断的虐待。由副词修饰形容词可知，此处为副词extremely作状语修饰形容词difficult。故填extremely。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意：这些儿童生活在极其困难的条件下，面临饥饿、缺乏教育和不断的虐待。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，face和逻辑主语These children为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填facing。
⑥考查冠词。句意：他们的故事令人心碎，让我们意识到许多孩子面临的可怕现实。根据句意以及空后terrible realities为名词可知，此处为特指"这种可怕的现实"为特指概念，所以为定冠词the的填入。故填the。
⑦考査冠词。句意：这部2小时的电影以12岁的男孩Zain的故事开始，他问父母为什么他被带到这个世界上，闪回镜头不断出现他的痛苦。根据句意以及空后12-year-old boy为单数名词可知，此处为泛指"一个12岁的男孩"为泛指概念，结合数字12(twelve)为辅音音素，所以为不定冠词咱的填入。故填a。
⑧考查形容词。句意：Zain面对逆境的勇气和决心是鼓舞人心的。根据句意以及空前are为系动词可知，此处为形容词inspiring"鼓舞人心的"作表语，满足句意要求。故填inspiring。
⑨考查固定短语。句意：这给影片増添了一层真实感。此处为固定短语add sth. to sth."在……上添加……"。满足句意要求。故填it。
⑩考查动词时态和语态。句意：自从这部电影在戛纳电影节首映以来，受到了很多关注和好评。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据时间状语Since the film premiered at Festival De Cannes可知，此处为现在完成时，主语a lot of attention and praise为复数意义名词和receive为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故填have been received。
3.答案：
①has engaged/has been engaging②walks③wearing④who/that⑤to⑥herself⑦to create⑧extremely⑨cultural⑩and
解析：
①has engaged/has been engaging考查时态。分析句子可知，本句缺少谓语。根据句末的时间状语可 知，本句可以用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
②walks考查名词单复数。all walks of life意为"社会各界"。
③wearing考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句不缺谓语动词，所以此处要用非谓语动词。wear与其逻辑主语是主谓关系，所以此处要用动词-mg形式。
④which/that考查定语从句。分析句子可知，本句是限制性定语从句，先行词指人，关系代词在从句作主语。
⑤to考查介词。from...to...，意为"从……到……"。
⑥herself考查代词。分析句子可知，主语和宾语指代对象相同，所以宾语要用反身代词。
⑦to create考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.意为"鼓励某人做某事"。
⑧extremely考查副词。修饰形容词要用副词。
⑨cultural考查形容词。修饰名词要用形容词。
⑩and考查连词。根据句意可知，上下文为顺承关系。

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