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Unit1 Science Fiction 学案（含答案）—高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册下学期期末复习
一、学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master passive voice
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
被动语态
一、被动语态的构成
英语有种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，其构成为：助动词be+动词过去分词。在被动语态中，动作的执行者一般由by引出，但在多数情况下被省略。通常只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。
1. 被动语态的时态形式表（以动词do为例）：
形式 构成
现在时 一般式 am/is/are + done
进行式 am/is/are + being done
完成式 has/have + been done
过去时 一般式 was/ were + done
进行式 was/were + being done
完成式 had been + done
过去将来时 should/would be done
一般将来时 will/ shall be done
2. 被动语态的特殊情况
（1）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词＋be+及物动词的过去分词。
例：All the letters should be answered immediately.
所有信件均应立刻回复。
（2）不定式的被动语态
① 一般式（to be done）:表示不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生或与其（几乎）同时发生
② 完成式（to have been done）:表示不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
例：The book is said to be published soon.
据说这本书很快就会出版。
The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
据说这本书已被译成很多种语言。
二、主动形式表示被动意义的情况
1. 连系动词（如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain等）后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
例：Your advice sounds practical.
你的建议听起来是可行的。
Whether we can have a holiday remains unknown.
我们还不知道能否休假。
The material feels very soft.
这种材料摸起来很软。
The food tastes delicious.
这种食物尝起来味道很好。
2. 当open，close，shut，lock，move，read，wash，clean，cook，sell，cut，wear，carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
例：The door doesn't shut.
这门关不上。
The book sells well.
这书卖得不错。
3. want，need，require等少数表示需要的动词后跟v-ing时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例：The house needs cleaning.
=The house needs to be cleaned.
这所房子需要打扫。
This wall requires repairing.
= This wall requires to be repaired.
这面墙需要修理。
三、使用被动语态时要注意的问题
1. 常见的不能用于被动语态的（短语）动词有 appear，belong，disappear，happen，break out，come true，take place，run out，date back等。
例：We cannot say for sure what will happen.
我们无法确切地说会发生什么事。
2. 在主动语态里，跟在动词see，make，hear，watch，notice 等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态时，to必须补上。
例：他们让他独自去那里。
They made him go there alone. （主动语态）
He was made to go there alone by them. （被动语态）
3. 接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词在主动语态中常接双宾语，即间接宾语（一般指人）和直接宾语（一般指物）。在变为被动语态时，如果间接宾语被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保持不变；如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for.
例：We gave him the letter.
=He was given the letter by us.
=The letter was given to him by us.
我们把那封信给他了。
She bought her mother a new coat.
=Her mother was bought a new coat by her.
= A new coat was bought for her mother by her.
她给她妈妈买了一件新大衣。
4. 将含有动词＋介词/副词类短语动词（如 look after，put on）的主动句变为被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词应保留。
例：她经常照看老人。
She often looks after the old. （主动语态）
The old are often looked after by her.（被动语态）
练习：
1. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who _________ (trap)and to bury the dead.
2. The bridge _________ (build) by a large group of workers at present.
3. The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.
4. The book report ________ (write). It will be finished soon.
5. By the time he graduated, he _________ (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies.
6. My washing machine _________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
7. Zheng Qinwen _________ (name) Fan Favorite Singles player in WTA 2024 Fan Awards on December 20, 2024.
8. People in the disaster-hit areas _________ (supply) with adequate food and medicine soon after the earthquake.
9. The speech about career planning ________ (give) in the school lecture hall last Friday.
10. This hotel is highly ________ (recommend) to tourists from all over the world.
答案：
1. were trapped
2. is being built
3. be chosen
4. is being written
5. had been offered
6. is being repaired
7. was named
8. were supplied
9. was given
10. recommended
四、核心素养对接高考
11. Heard of the "Met-averse" (元宇宙) lately It has been hard not to. "Met-averse", a ①________ (combine) of the prefix "meta", meaning beyond and "verse", which relates to the universe, has become the ②________ (late) buzzword (热词).
Facebook Chief Executive Mark Zuckerberg mentioned this term 16 times on a meeting ③________ (hold) last month. The future of Facebook, he said, is a met-averse, ④________ you can be physically present to hang out, play games, work and create.
But he didn't coin the term. Neal Stephenson's 1992 science fiction is regarded as the original inspiration for the concept. Tech giants want to play a role—preferably a ⑤________ (lead) panies ranging from Intel Core to Unity Software made relevant plans last year. Apple Inc. is reported ⑥________ (work) on AR devices of its own currently.
But world through VR has plenty of drawbacks. There is still ongoing debate as to ⑦________ continual use of VR is safe. Some suggest parents avoid exposing their children to VR as their eyes are still developing. In addition, its target population interact little with people in real life, which ⑧________ (cause) concern in the past few years.
The last decade has seen AR and VR develop ⑨________ (remarkable). Met-averse, ⑩__________ a consequence, can be built as expected. But consumers will have to look before they leap.
2. Face recognition technology has made the journey from science fiction fancy ①______ the everyday familiar thing in our lives. In particular, facial recognition can be divided into two separate ②______ (technique) for identifying individuals: face detection and face identification. Face detection refers to ③______ (find) a human face within an image and identifying the measurements, relative placement and size of facial features. Face identification determines the identity of ④______ human face by comparing it with existing photos in a database.
Japan's NEC ⑤______ (develop) face recognition technology in the late 1990s. Its NeoFace system can ⑥______ (accurate) identify human faces both in still images and videos. Recognition can be performed while subjects are walking naturally, ⑦______ means that there's no need to remain still in front of a camera.
In the past few years, many new applications for face recognition technology ⑧______ (appear). For example, in office building cafeterias, face recognition technology can shorten the check-out process. Banks can also employ the system ⑨______ (detect) VIP customers once they have entered the bank. With both security and ⑩______ (convenient) in mind, NEC attempts to use face recognition technology in building a better future for all.
3. In science fiction, space is described ①________empty but things are different. Since the Soviet Union launched ②________(it) first artificial satellite in 1957, people ③________(leave) behind 500,000 items of rubbish in the space, most of ④________are smaller than a tennis ball but still threaten the ⑤________(safe) of exploring the space. In fact, European scientists say that even if we quit launching stuff into space all together, the amount of space junk will still increase because of existing pieces ⑥________(hit) each other. "Imagine ⑦________dangerous sailing the high seas would be if all the ships ever lost in history were still floating on top of the water," says Jan Worner, European Space Agency (ESA) director. The agency plans on launching ⑧________world's first orbiting trash collector, a four-armed robot that will clean up space waste ⑨________(effective). If everything works as planned, some trash can ⑩________(drag) out of orbit and bum up in the atmosphere.
1.答案：
①combination②latest③held④where⑤leading⑥to be working⑦whether⑧has caused⑨remarkably⑩as
解析：
①考查名词。句意："Met-averse"，是前缀"meta"，意思是超出，和"verse"的结合，它和宇宙有关，已经成为了最近的热词。根据句子结构和意思可知，前面有"a"修饰，所以这里用可数名词单数。故填combination。
②考查形容词。句意：见第1题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，后面有名词"buzzword"，所以这里用形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词；空格前面有"the"，所以要用形容词的最高级。故填latest。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：脸书总裁马克扎克伯格在。上个月举办的一次会议上提到这个词16次。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里用过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词"meeting"，"hold"和"a meeting"之间是被动关系，用过去分词。故填held。
④考查定语从句。句意：他说，脸书的未来是一个元宇宙，在那里，你可以实际出现去闲逛，玩游戏，工作和创造。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里是非限制性定语从句，先行词是"Met-averse"，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
⑤考查形容词。句意：科技巨头想要扮演一个角色一完美的主角角色。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里用形容词作定语，修饰后面的代词"one" 。故填leading。
⑥考查固定句型。句意：据报道，苹果公司目前正在致力于研究他自己的AR设备。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里是固定句型sb./sth. Be reported to do的结构，表示"据报道，……做某事"的意思，表示"正在致力于研究"，要用动词不定式的进行式。故填to be working。
⑦考查宾语从句。句意：关于继续使用VR技术是否是安全的争论一直在进行。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里介词短语"as to"后面的是宾语从句，从句"continual use of VR is safe"是主系表结构，基本成分完整，上下文意思需要"是否"的意思，故填whether。
⑧考查时态。句意：此外，它的目标人群在现实生活中和人们几乎没有交流，这在过去的几年里已经引起了担忧。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里是定语从句"which ⑧______ (cause) concern in the past few years"的谓语动词，因为有"in the past few years"作时间状语，所以谓语要用现在完成时，主语是前面整个主句的内容，所以助动词用单数形式。故填has caused。
⑨考查副词。句意：过去的10年已经见证了AR和VR卓越的发展。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里是副词修饰动词"develop"。故填remarkably。
⑩考查介词短语。句意：因此，元宇宙可以像预期的那样被建立。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词短语"as a consequence"表示"因此"的意思。故填as。
2.答案：
①to②techniques③finding④a⑤developed⑥accurately⑦which⑧have appeared⑨to detect⑩convenience
解析：
考查介词。from...to...是固定搭配，意为"从……到……"。故填to。
考查名词的单复数。technique是可数名词，且根据上文中的"two"可知，此处应用其复数形式。故填techniques。
考查非谓语动词。refer to是固定搭配，意为"指的是"，to为介词，其后应接动名词。故填finding。
考查冠词。此处泛指"一张人脸"，且human是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a修饰。故填a。
考查动词的时态。根据时间状语"in the late 1990s"可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填developed。
考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词"identify"。故填accurately。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，修饰前面一整句话，应用which引导该从句。故填which。
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语"In the past few years"可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语"many new applications"为复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have appeared。
考查非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to detect。
考查词性转换。介词"With"后应接名词作宾语。故填convenience。
3.答案：
①as②its③have left④which⑤safety⑥hitting⑦how⑧the⑨effectively⑩be dragged
解析：
考查介词及固定搭配。此处表示"太空被描述为空的"，be described as…意为"被描述为……"，故填as。
考查代词。此处表示"自1957年苏联发射第一颗人造卫星以来"，因此用its代指the Soviet Union的所有格形式，故填its。
考查时态。根据前面的since引导的时间状语从句可知这里的主句要用现在完成时，主语是people，故填have left。
考查定语从句引导词.通过分析可知这里是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是500000 items of rubbish，且从句缺少介词of的宾语，故填which。
考查名词。此处表示"威胁太空探索的安全"，因此用名词形式，故填safety。
考查动名词。此处表示"由于现有碎片相互撞击，太空垃圾的数量仍将增加"，because of是介词短语，后面跟动名词，此处existing pieces是后面动名词的逻辑主语，故填hitting。
考查连词。结合语境可知此处表示"想象一下，如果历史上所有失事的船只仍漂浮在水面上，在公海航行会有多危险。"dangerous是形容词，因此前面用副词，根据句意可知这里表示"多么危险"，故填how。
考查冠词。此处表示"该机构计划发射世界上第一个在轨垃圾收集器"，根据语境及句意可知这里表示"世界上第一个"，故填the。
考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词will clean up，故填effectively。
考查语态。此处表示"如果一切按计划进行，一些垃圾会被拖出轨道，在大气层中燃烧。"此处主语some trash与所给动词drag之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态，根据前面的情态动词can可知此处填be dragged。

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