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Unit 2 Iconic Attractions 学案（含答案）—高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册下学期期末复习
一、学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master v.-ed
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
过去分词——作定语，状语，宾补和表语
一、过去分词作定语
1. 过去分词作定语的位置
（1）单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，但left 只作后置定语。
例：The broken vase has been thrown outside.
那个碎了的花瓶已经扔到外面去了。
注意：单个的过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, nobody 等复合不定代词或those等指示代词时，要放在这些词的后面。
例：Is there anything unfinished
还有什么没有完成吗？
（2）过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
例：From the library I borrowed a book written by Mark Twain.
(=From the library I borrowed a book which/that was written by Mark Twain.)
我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。
2. 过去分词作定语的用法
（1）及物动词的过去分词作定语：被修饰词与构成过去分词的动词之间通常为逻辑上的动宾关系且表示动作已经完成，或只有被动意义。
例：Tom drank some boiled water and hurried to school.
汤姆喝了一些白开水，就匆匆忙忙朝学校赶去。
（boiled表示被动和完成）
（2）不及物动词的过去分词作定语：不及物动词没有被动语态，因此作定语时只表示动作的完成，不表示被动意义，且只作前置定语。
例：When I woke up next morning, I found the ground was covered with fallen leaves.
当我第二天早上醒来时，我发现地上全是落叶。
（fallen 只表示完成）
（3）形容词化的过去分词作定语：英语中某些表示感觉的动词，其过去分词形式表示"感到……的"，表示被修饰词所处的状态。
例：There was a frightened horse in the street.
街上有一匹受惊的马。
二、过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语的功能、类型及位置
（1）过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况；构成过去分词的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
例：Built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful.
这座房子是30年前建造的，它看起来很漂亮。
（2）过去分词作状语的类型
类型 例句
时间状语 When combined with practice, theory becomes easier to learn.
原因状语 Born in a poor family, he had to work when he was a child.
方式状语 The old man walked into the room, supported by his son.
伴随状语 The little deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the early morning.
条件状语 Cleared, this site would make a good playground.
让步状语 Even if invited, I won't go.
（3）过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作结果、方式及伴随状语时，一般放在句末；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。
例：Given health, I can do it.
如果身体健康，我就能做。
（条件状语）
2. 过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语的区别
语法 逻辑关系 时间概念
过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语时，构成过去分词的动词与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动。 过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前；也可以表示"一种状态"，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在。
动词－ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式的一般式(doing)和完成式(doing)表示的动作与谓语(having done)作状语时，构成动词-ing 形式的动词与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。 动词-ing形式的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或者几乎同时发生；动词-ing形式的完成式(having done)表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
三、过去分词作宾补
1. 作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系
（1）及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语和构成过去分词的动词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
例：I want the letter posted.
我想把这封信寄出去。
（2）少数不及物动词如 go, fall等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作已完成。因此，宾语与构成过去分词的动词之间不存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
例：She found her necklace gone on her way home.
她在回家的路上发现项链不见了。
（3）动词seat, hide, dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状态，而不表示被动意义。
例：When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.
我进来时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
2. 过去分词作宾语补足语的情况
（1）感官动词后的过去分词作宾补：在see, notice, watch, hear, feel等感官动词后作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动动作的完成或只表示被动。
例：I heard the English song sung twice in the next room.
我听到隔壁房间里唱了两遍这首英文歌。（表示被动、已完成）
I'd like to see the plan carried out.
我想看到这个计划被实施下去。（只表示被动）
（2）使役、致使动词后的过去分词作宾补：在make, have, get, leave, keep等使役、致使动词后作宾补的过去分词与宾语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
例：Please keep us informed of the latest developments.
请将最新的发展情况不断通报给我们。
四、过去分词作表语
1. 过去分词作表语的基本用法
（1）过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，多位于系动词之后。这些系动词有 be, remain, feel, seem, look, become等。
（2）有些过去分词作表语时，已经具有了形容词的性质，最常见的有：amazed, delighted, disappointed, discouraged, amused, astonished, tired, satisfied, pleased, surprised, worried, excited, annoyed, puzzled等。
（3）过去分词作表语与被动语态相似，区别在于过去分词作表语表示的是一种状态或状况，而被动语态表示的是一个被动的动作，且后面常跟by短语。
2. 过去分词与动词-ing形式作表语的区别
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式意为"令人……的"，多用来形容物；其过去分词意为"感到……的"，多用来形容人、人的声音或表情等。这类词常见的有：
exciting令人激动的；excited 激动的，兴奋的
surprising令人惊讶的；surprised 感到惊讶的
encouraging令人鼓舞的；encouraged 受到鼓舞的
interesting 令人感兴趣的；interested 感兴趣的
frightening令人恐惧的frightened 受惊的
moving令人感动的；moved 受感动的
pleasing令人满意的；pleased 满意的
shocking令人震惊的；shocked感到震惊的
worrying令人担心的；worried感到担心的
tiring令人劳累的；tired 感到劳累的
练习：
1. With all the homework ______ (finish), Jack went out to play basketball with his friends happily.
2. She found the kitten ______ (frighten) by the fireworks, hiding under the sofa.
3. ______ (lead) by well-known Chinese volleyball player and coach Lang Ping, they have continued to aim high.
4. Today, On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever ______ (write).
5. ______ (select) for the NBA in 2009, Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors.
6. ______ (surround) by a great many trees, the modern tall building is the newly-built stadium of our school.
7. I usually have fast food ______ (deliver) to my office when I am busy.
8. According to data released by the NHC, by the end of 2021 China had the largest number of dogs in the world, with over 12 million people ______ (bite) each year.
9. Yesterday I found a book in the bookstore ______ (intend) for bird lovers.
10. My monitor stood at the door with his hands ______ (stuff) into the pockets.
答案：
1. finished
2. frightened
3. Led
4. written
5. Selected
6. Surrounded
7. delivered
8. bitten
9. intended
10. stuffed
四、核心素养对接高考
1. Zeb Hogan, a research biologist, has been documenting large freshwater fishes for almost two decades. His search for big fish, described ①_____ the Mega-fishes Project, began in 2005 after learning fishermen in northern Thailand pulled a big catfish out of the Mekong River. And ②_____ (weigh)646 pounds, it interested Hogan. However, he couldn't find any scientifically documented freshwater fish larger than the one that had been the ③_____ (inspire)for his search until last week, when his research team got a call from Moul Thun. ④_____ fisherman said he'd accidentally caught a freshwater stingray "much bigger" than any ⑤_____ (find)previously. After arriving there, the team determined that Thun's fish was the same ray species known to occur in the Mekong. But they ⑥_____ (shock)to see her weight: At 661 pounds, she set a new world record.
Hogan said the original aim of the Mega-fishes Project was to find, study, and protect the ⑦_____ (large)freshwater fish in the world. The challenge, as he soon learned, was that many of these fish are hard to find-they live in remote, ⑧_____ (accessible)places and are shrinking in number. As Hogan's work progressed, ⑨_____ (it)focus increasingly turned to conservation. According to Hogan, ⑩_____ finding the biggest fish is important, looking for ways to protect these extraordinary animals from extinction is more important.
2. Dragon Head-raising Day is celebrated on the second day of the second Chinese lunar month ①_____ (show) respect for the dragon and pray for good weather for farming and big harvest, ②_____ is considered as the start of spring and farming. Dragon Head-raising Day has relation with spring and farming. After the cold winter, spring comes and animals are ③_____ (wake) , but because of the winter, the weather is dry and farming lacks water. To this climate phenomenon, there is a folk saying that ④_____ will rain when the dragon raise its head.
On that day, there ⑤_____ (be) lots of conventional celebration activities. First, in the early morning, every family would light a lantern and go to a river or a well to fetch water and back home, then light ⑥_____ (candle) , burn incense (香) sticks and offer a sacrifice. Second, people would go to a temple ⑦_____ honour of the dragon. Third, it is to have a haircut, which ⑧_____ (view) as a sign of good luck. A saying tells that having a haircut on this day, you would be energetic in the whole year. ⑨_____ (final) , there is a thing about eating: eating long and thin noodles ⑩_____ (call) Longxumian (Dragon Beard Noodles) which has a symbolic meaning-a long life expectancy.
3. On the second floor of the Zitong Art Gallery, 43- year- old Jiang Xiaoqin is working on her painting in a studio, ①_____ doubles as part of an exhibition hall. She draws some yellow from her palette (调色板)and tips it on her canvas (画布)before stopping ②_____ (check)if it is too thick. Now and then, she stands back a pace or two, takes a survey of her painting and then ③_____ (decide)whether to apply more.
Around her are five other men and women, ④_____ (stand)in front of their respective easels (画架)and working on their own paintings. They look exactly like those ⑤_____ (profession)artists that one would meet in an art academy.
Only they aren't. They are farmers from Dujing village, the administrative seat of Zitong township, Chun'an county ⑥_____ East China's Zhejiang province.
Starting to learn painting only three years ago, Jiang has already made ⑦_____ name for herself. Indeed, she is ⑧_____ (warm)known as "Sister Corn" for her corn- themed paintings and artistic ⑨_____ (creation), especially after her oil painting- titled Corn, unsurprisingly— was sold for 7,500 yuan at a special exhibition ⑩_____ (hold)in Shanghai in 2020 featuring 61 works by Zitong's farmers.
1.答案：
①as②weighing③inspiration④The⑤found⑥were shocked⑦largest⑧inaccessible⑨its⑩while/though/although
解析：
①考查介词。在得知泰国北部的渔民从湄公河中捞出一条大鲇鱼后，他于2005年开始寻找大鱼，这被称作"巨鱼项目"。此处表示"作为，当作"，故填as。describe sth.as sth."把……称作……"。
②考查非谓语动词。此处非谓语动词作状语，weigh"有……重"与其逻辑主语it之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词，故填weighing。
③考查名词。然而，直到上周，他的研究团队接到了来自Moul Thun的电话，他才得以发现比赋予他研究灵感的那条鱼更大的有科学记录的淡水鱼。根据空前的the和空后的for可知，空处应用名词，故填inspiration。Inspiration"启发灵感的人(或事物)，使人产生动机的人(或事物)"。
④考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示特指，这里说的渔民正是前面提到的Moul Thun，故填定冠词The。注意：空处位于句首，首字母应大写。
⑤考查过去分词。这个渔民说，他意外捕获了一条淡水缸鱼，比之前发现的任何红鱼都"大得多"。分析句子结构可知，从句已有谓语，此处应用非谓语动词，find与被修饰词之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填found。
⑥考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处陈述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时；they与shock之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填were shocked。
⑦考查形容词最高级。Hogan说，"巨鱼项目"最初的目的是寻找、研究和保护世界上最大的淡水鱼。根据语境和空前的the可知，此处表示"世界上最大的"，应用形容词最高级，故填largest。
⑧考查形容词。他很快就发现，挑战在于很多这种鱼都很难被找到—它们生活在偏远、难以到达的地方，而且数量正在减少。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词作定语，且表示"难以到达的"，故填inaccessible。
⑨考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示工作的重点越来越转向对这些淡水鱼的保护。空处修饰名词focus，应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
⑩考查连词。在Hogan看来，尽管找到最大的鱼很重要，但是寻找保护这些非凡动物免于灭绝的方法更为重要。根据语境可知，此处表示让步关系，故填引导让步状语从句的while/though/although。
2.答案：
①to show②which③awake④it⑤are⑥candles⑦in⑧is viewed⑨Finally⑩called
解析：
①考查非谓语动词。句意：龙抬头节在中国农历二月的第二天庆祝，以表示对龙的尊敬祈求农业好天气和大丰收，被认为是春天和农业的开始。分析句子可知，本空要用动词不定式to show 作目的状语。故to show。
②考查定语从句。句意：龙抬头节在中国农历二月的第二天庆祝，以表示对龙的尊敬，祈求农业好天气和大丰收，被认为是春天和农业的开始。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的Dragon Head-raising Day，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which，故填which。
③考查形容词。句意：寒冷的冬天过后，春天来了，动物们醒了，但因为冬天，天气是干燥的，农业缺水。根据本空前的系动词are可知，此处应该填形容词，构成系表结构，动词wake表"醒来"，其同根形容词是awake"醒着的"。故填awake。
④考查代词。句意：对于这种气候现象，又一个民间谚语说龙抬起头就会下雨。根据句意此处用it指代天气。故填it。
⑤考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在那一天，有很多传统的庆祝活动。There be句型中的谓语动词单复数一般采用"就近原则"，与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致，后面的中心词是 activities，所以要填复数形式，描述一般事实用一般现在时，故填are。
⑥考查名词单复数。句意：首先，在清晨，每个家庭都会点燃灯笼，去河边或井里取水回家，然后点燃蜡烛，烧香，献祭。candle是可数名词，根据句意，句中指很多蜡烛，应用复数形式。故填candles。
⑦考查介词和固定短语。句意：第二，人们会去寺庙来纪念龙。In honour of是常见的介词短语，意为"向.……..表示敬意"。故填in。
⑧考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：第三，要理发，这被视为好运的标志。根据本空前的is to have可知，此处要用一般现在时；关系代词which引导定语从句，指代主句中"have haircut"这种行为，视为单数，与从句谓语动词view是被动关系，此处要用被动语态来表示"剃头被认为是好运的一个标志"，故填is viewed。
⑨考查副词。句意：最后，关于吃有一种说法：吃又长又细的叫做龙须面的面条，这种面条有一个象征意义——长寿。本空要用副词Finally，修饰整个句子作状语，意为"最后"，另外，句首单词首字母大写。故填Finally。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，关于吃有一种说法：吃又长又细的叫做龙须面的面条这种面条有一个象征意义——长寿。分析句子可知，call作定语修饰名词 noodles，是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语noodles构成被动关系，所以要用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。
3.答案：
①which②to check③decides④standing⑤professional⑥in⑦a⑧warmly⑨creations⑩held
解析：
①考查非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，指物应用which。
②考查非谓语动词。stop to do sth.意为"停下来做某事"。
③考查时态与主谓一致。根据空前stands以及takes可知，该空应该是一般现在时第三人称单数，故填decides。
④考查非谓语动词。现在分词作伴随状语。
⑤考查形容词。根据空后artists可知，这里需要形容词来修饰名词，故填professional。
⑥考查介词。在中国东部的浙江省，用in。
⑦考查冠词。make a name固定搭配，意为"成名"。
⑧考查副词。副词作状语修饰过去分词known。
⑨考查名词复数。根据空前" her corn- themed paintings"可知，这里应填复数形式，故填creations。
⑩考查非谓语动词。此处与exhibition形成被动关系，故填过去分词形式。

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