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Unit 4 Sharing 学案（含答案）—高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册下学期期末复习
一、学习目标整合
1 learn some new words and expressions
2 have a further understanding of the unit
3 learn and master phrases
二、思维导图回顾知识
三、重难知识易混易错
短语
一、短语的概述
1. 含义及分类：英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式结构角度划分，英语的短语可分为名词短语（NP）、动词短语（VP）、形容词短语（AdjP）、副词短语（AdvP）、介词短语（PreP）等。
2. 句法功能：英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似，比如，名词短语与名词功能相似，在句子中主要充当主语、宾语等；介词短语主要是充当定语、状语、补语等；形容词短语主要充当表语、宾补、定语、状语等。
例：Most of the boys in my class like playing football. 在这个句子中，Most of the boys 是名词短语，in my class是介词短语，like playing football是动词短语。
二、短语动词
英语中有些动词可以和一些别的词构成一个具有新的词义的固定搭配，表达一个概念，其作用和一个单独的动词差不多，而且不可分割，这种固定搭配叫作短语动词。
1. 短语动词的构成
短语动词的构成主要有以下几种：
（1）动词＋副词
bring up 抚养；提出
find out 查明；查出
pick out 精心挑选
hand in 上交
give up 放弃
break out 爆发
put aside 把……放在一边；留存，储蓄
（2）动词＋介词
look for 寻找
look into 调查
go over 仔细检查
begin with 以……开始
（3）动词＋副词＋介词
care about 关心
apply for 申请
object to 反对
consist of 由……组成
come up with 提出
get along with 与……和睦相处
run out of 用完
get away from 逃离
make up for 弥补
put up with 容忍
（4）动词＋名词
take place 发生
make sense 讲得通，有意义
lose heart 泄气
（5）动词＋名词＋介词
make faces 做鬼脸
take part in 参加
make use of 利用
pay attention to 注意
keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱
show interest in 对……表现出兴趣
take advantage of 利用
（6）动词＋介词＋名词
① 动词后需要带宾语类
Keep...in mind 记住……
put...into effect 使……生效
take...into consideration 把……考虑在内
② 动词后不带宾语类
come into being 形成
come into effect 生效
burst into tears 突然大哭起来
2. 动词与介词、副词的常见搭配
（1）不同的动词后接相同的介词或副词
① 动词＋away
throw away 扔掉
put away 将……收起
carry away 拿走，带走
run away 逃离；躲避
go away 走开
give away 捐赠；分发；泄露，暴露
② 动词＋down
hand down 把……传下
get/ take/ write/ set down 写下，记下
bring down 降低，减少
tear down 拆除
③ 动词＋off
call off 取消
cut off 切掉；中断
pay off 还清
show off 炫耀
set off 出发
take off 脱下；起飞；突然开始成功
④ 动词＋on
try on 试穿
have on 穿着，戴着
keep on 继续
carry on 继续做
hold on 别挂断；坚持住；抓紧
⑤ 动词＋out
go out 熄灭
set out 出发，动身
wear out 用坏，磨损
wash out 把……洗掉
carry out 实施，执行
hand out 分发
turn out 出席，在场；结果是
work out 计算出；成功地发展
⑥ 动词＋over
come over 短暂造访
hand over 移交
look over 检查
think over 仔细考虑
take over 接收，接管
⑦ 动词＋up
fix up 修理
call up 使想起；打电话给
cut up 切碎
grow up 长大
make up 编造；补上；组成
set up 建立，开办
put up 表现；提出（意见等）
take up 开始从事；占据
pick up 捡起；（开车）接人；偶然得到
（2）同一个动词后接不同的介词或副词
① break+介词/ 副词
break down 出故障；垮掉
break up 散开，解散
break into 强行闯入
break away 突然挣脱
break off 中断
（2）get+介词/副词
get about/ around 传播
get on 乘坐；进展
get off 从……下来
get out 出去
get over 克服
get across 被理解
（3）give+介词/副词
give in 屈服，投降
give off 放出，发出
give back 归还
give out 耗尽；放出（光、热等）
（4）turn+介词/副词
turn around 转身
turn to 向……求助
turn in 归还；上交
turn over 翻转
turn on 打开
turn off 关掉
turn up 调高；偶然出现
turn down 把……调低，关小；拒绝
（5）put+介词/副词
put down 记下；镇压
put forward 提出，建议
put off 推迟，使延期
put on 穿上；上演
put out 生产；扑灭
练习：
1. Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types _____ trips are now being classified as ecotourism.
2. The survey shows that 58.8% of respondents want to donate clothing to people _____ need.
3. Giant pandas also serve _____ an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and north western parts of China.
4. As teachers, you must believe that you can make a great difference _____ your students.
5. We are ______ (privilege) to welcome you as our speaker this evening.
6. Bob looks so happy. He must have signed a contract ______ the famous basketball club.
7. The charming city of Charleston is ripe ______ exploring even during the cold winter.
8. If you put your wet clothes ______ the shade, it will take a long time to dry them off.
9. After the president resigned ______ the government, the country withdrew all the experts providing aid.
10. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility _____ saving their environment.
答案：
1. of
2. in
3. as
4. to
5. privileged
6. with
7. for
8. in
9. from
10. for
四、核心素养对接高考
1. While I was waiting for the bus I saw a homeless person carrying a sign ①_______ said he would like a cup of coffee.
As soon as I read it, I knew this task was meant for me. I joyfully ran across the street, ②_______ (think) that getting him a cup of coffee would be great. I ③_______ (buy) the coffee and approached him slowly. The closer I got, the more joy in his eyes I could see.
When I handed him the hot coffee, I ④_______ (simple) said "This is for you ." I could see so much joy in his face and even a tear. He kept thanking me, holding his coffee like the⑤_______ (big) treasure in his life. It made me cry to see that a simple act of ⑥_______ (kind) could bring so much joy to others.
I walked back to my bus stop, and when the bus driver opened the door and I wanted⑦_______ (pay) the bus fare, he waved me and said it had touched his heart to see me giving away that cup of coffee and ⑧_______ the fare was on him. This ⑨_______ (amaze) moment warmed my heart and it gave my day and my life ⑩_______ new start. It brings me such joy to love and share.
2. Wasting food has become a big problem in the developed world. While some people there throw away unwanted food, people in other ①_______ (part) of the world face food shortages. It’s an ②_______ (astonish) fact that a third of the world’s food is wasted each year, which is enough ③_______ (feed) a billion hungry people.
Most of the wasted food ④_______ (bury) in the landfill(垃圾填埋场) sites.⑤_______ (unlucky), this causes greenhouse gases which eventually lead to global warming and climate change. In Denmark, a girl called Selina Juul has been working hard to deal with ⑥_______ problem . She thinks people shouldn’t waste food, ⑦_______ rich they are. She persuaded some supermarkets to stop ⑧_______ (sell) their items (物品) in quantity so that people bought only what they needed. Also, she produced a leftovers cookbook and set up an education program in schools, ⑨_______ food waste was rather common. Now the effects are quite noticeable.
Clearly, we need to think ⑩_______ (two) when we put something in our shopping basket, and we should make the most of the food we have—use up our leftovers or even share our extra food with our friends and neighbors.
3. Years ago I wrote an article about volunteering. I hoped to see more students do volunteer work, whether it's to help ①_______ (education) poor children, visit sick old people in the hospital, ②_______ anything else that involved giving time to make our society ③_______ (good). Many people who read the article ④_______ (write) back to tell me about ⑤_______ (they) own volunteer work. I also get e-mails from students asking for advice ⑥_______ how to set up programmes. "Teach for America" is an example of ⑦_______ a very determined person can ⑧_______ (large) make a difference in the lives of others. In this programme students volunteer to go to the poorest schools to help teach young students. They are ⑨_______ (pay) just enough money to live. It seems to be a wonderful programme ⑩_______ it helps bring successful young people to educate the poorest children. And it teaches these university students about some problems in America.
1.答案：
①that/which②thinking③bought④simply⑤biggest⑥kindness⑦to pay⑧that⑨amazing⑩a
解析：
that/which考查定语从句。本句为定语从句修饰先行词sign且先行词在从句中做主语，指物，所以应用关系代词that或which，故填that/which。
thinking考查非谓语动词。句意：我高兴地跑过街道，心想给他倒杯咖啡就好了。本句已经存在谓语动词ran且句中没有连词，故think只能做非谓语与逻辑主语I构成主谓关系所以用现在分词，故填thinking。
bought考查时态。根据下文并列谓语and approached可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填bought。
simply考查副词。say为动词，需要副词修饰，故填simply。
biggest考查形容词。句意：他不停地感谢我，拿着他的咖啡，就像他生命中最珍贵的东西。根据下文in his life范围为生命中，所以此处应用形容词最高级，故填biggest。
kindness考查名词。句意：看到一个简单的善举就能给别人带来如此多的快乐，我哭了。根据上文act of名词所有格可知此处需要名词，故填kindness。
to pay考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.固定短语，"想要做某事"后跟不定式，故填to pay。
that考查宾语从句。句意：他向我挥了挥手，说看到我把那杯咖啡送人让他很感动，而且说车费由他付。当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中that可以省略外，其它从句中的that不能省略，这里it had touched his heart to see me giving away that cup of coffee已经是一个宾语从句，that已经省略，第二个宾语从句the fare was on him则必须要加引导词that，不能省略。故填that。
amazing考查形容词。moment为名词，指"时刻"，所以需要-ing结尾的形容词修饰，故填amazing。
a考查冠词。句意：这个令人惊奇的时刻温暖了我的心，它给了我一天和我的生活一个新的开始。start为可数名词，此处表示泛指"一个新开始"应用不定冠词，故填a。
2.答案：
①parts②astonishing③to feed④is buried⑤Unluckily⑥the⑦however⑧selling⑨where⑩twice
解析：
parts考査名词复数。part为可数名词，因为前面有other修饰，所以用复数形式。
astonishing考査形容词。astonishing意为"令人吃惊的"。
to feed考査非谓语动词。动词不定式作结果状语。
is buried考查动词时态和语态。bury与food为动宾关系，因此用被动语态;food是不可数名词，所以用单数形式。
Unluckily考查副词。副词用在句首修饰整个句子。
the考査冠词。这里的problem是特指食物浪费这个问题，因此用定冠词。
however考查让步状语从句。however rich they are相当于no matter how rich they are，是让步状语从句。
selling考査非谓语动词。stop doing意为"停止正在做的事情"，即劝说超市停止大量销售物品。
where考査关系副词。where引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作状语。
twice考査固定短语。think twice为固定短语，意为"三思；慎重考虑"。
3.答案：
①educate②or③better④wrote⑤their⑥on/ about⑦how⑧largely⑨paid⑩because
解析：
①本空后面是名词，故本空应该用动词形式。
②固定搭配。Whether...or..."无论……还是……"，表示让步。
③理解句意可知，这里指的是让我们的社会变得更好，故用比较级。
④作者回忆过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
⑤修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。
⑥名词和介词的固定搭配，advice on/ about sth.。
⑦理解句意可知，"Teach for America"就是一个例子，一个坚定的人如何改变别人的生活，故用连词how引导宾语从句。
⑧修饰动词用副词。
⑨理解句意可知，句子的主语they就是指上文的students，他们应该是被付给足够的钱，故用被动语态。
⑩这个项目之所以是一个出色的项目，是因为该项目有助于带着那些成功的年轻人去教育最贫困的孩子们，可见上下文是因果关系。

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