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专题01.名词精讲
考点导图
知识1 可数名词及其单复数
一、名词复数规则变化
类别 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加-s year-years village-villages boy-boys zoo-zoos
以s，x，ch，sh 等结尾的词 （多数）加-es class-classes box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 把y变为i，再加-es country-countries factory-factories story-stories city-cities
以f（e）结尾的词 （多数）把f（e）变为v再加-es knife-knives wife-wives leaf-leaves shelf-shelves thief-thieves
易错点
以字母o结尾的名词变复数时，绝大多数直接加-s,如：radios、photos、pianos;但初中阶段有三个常见的词必须加-es,即hero—heroes,potato—potatoes和tomato—tomatoes。（背诵规律：有生命加-es; 无生命加-s）
二、名词复数不规则变化
类别 例词
改变名词中的元音字母 变a为e man-men woman-women
变oo为ee foot-feet tooth-teeth
单复数形式相同 sheep-sheep, deer-deer
其他不规则变化情况 mouse-mice child-children
某国人变复数 （中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面） Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen Australian-Australians German-Germans American-Americans Canadian-Canadians
易混易错
1．当名词前的修饰词是 man或woman，变复数时，两个名词全都要变成复数形式；如果修饰词是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。如：
a man teacher→two men teachers
a woman singer-two women singers
a boy student→two boy students
2．“数词＋名词（＋形容词）”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。如：
She is a five-year-old girl.她是一个五岁的女孩。（five-year-old 不能写成five-years-old）
a five-pound note 一张五英镑的纸币
a 100-meter race一场百米赛跑
3.有些名词常以复数形式出现，如：trousers，socks，gloves， glasses， shoes，pants 等。表达其数量时，常借助pair一词，如：a pair of trousers,two pairs of gloves。
知识2 不可数名词
二、特点
不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能直接与数词（one，two...）或不定冠词a，an连用，但可用some，any，a lot of，a little 等修饰。此外，还可以构成“数词或冠词＋计量名词＋of＋不可数名词”结构，如：a piece of advice, a cup of tea, a glass of milk, a piece of paper, a drop of water, two cups of coffee。
三、初中阶段常见的不可数名词
类别 例词
1．饮食类 milk，water，tea，coffee，beer，wine，juice,meat, beef, pork, rice, bread, salt, soup,cheese,butter
2．材料类 glass，plastic，cotton，silk，wood，silver，gold
3．自然类 air，light，rain，snow，fire（作“火焰”讲时），weather，wind，ice
4．抽象概念类 news，advice，information，homework，knowledge，success，surprise（作“惊奇，惊讶”讲时），fun,progress, music
四、有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同。
名词 可数名词意义 不可数名词意义
chicken 鸡 鸡肉
fish 鱼 鱼肉
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
paper 报纸、文件 纸张
orange 橙子 橙汁
room 房间 空间
time 次数，倍数 时间
知识3 名词所有格
一、构成方法
类别 构成方法 例子
单数名词 加-’s Mary’s sister my dad’s car the actress's name
复数 名 词 以-s 结尾 加’ the teachers’ office the girls’ interests your grandparents' room
不以-s结尾 加-’s Children’s Day Women’s Day
二、用法
1．用在表示人或动物的名词后，表示所属关系，意为“...··的”。
This is Tom’s car.这是汤姆的车。
用and连接的两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时,
在后一个名词后面加-’s。如：
Lily and Lucy’s mother is a nurse.莉莉和露西的妈妈是一名护士。
表示分别所有关系，则在两个名词后面分别加-’s。如：
Lily’s and John’s mothers are nurses.莉莉的妈妈和约翰的妈妈都是护士。
3．复合不定代词 someone，everybody等和else连用时，-’s应加在else后。如：
somebody else’s pencil别人的铅笔
4．表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词，也可以在词尾加-’s或’来构成所有格。如：
today’s newspaper 今天的报纸
five minutes’ ride／walk／drive 骑车／走路／开车5分钟的路程
China’s capital 中国的首都
three days’ leave 三天的假期
5.无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿)。
“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)。
知识4 名词的构词法
类别 变法 例词
形容词→名词 -ness kind→kindness sad→sadness happy→happiness
-ity able→ability creative→creativity possible→possibility
-t → -ce important→importance different→difference silent→silence
-y difficult→difficulty honest→honesty
-ty safe→safety
-th true→truth warm→warmth
名词→名词 -ist piano→pianist violin→violinist science→scientist
名词→名词 -an America→American Russia→Russian Europe→European
-ian music→musician magic→magician
动词→名词 动词→名词 -cr win→winner teach→teacher drive→driver wait→waiter
-or educate→educator act→actor visit→visitor
-ation/-ion decide→decision pronounce→pronunciation explain→explanation act→action invite→invitation discuss→discussion
-ment agree→agreement develop→development improve→improvement
-ing feel→feeling mean→meaning
-ress act→actress wait→waitress
其他 high→height hot→heat serve→service die→death long→length succeed→success France→French（法国人；法语） Japan→Japanese（日本人；日语）
知识5 名词词义辧析
名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义，然后作出正确的选择。近年来，这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一。
常用易混名词辨析
1、sport、game、match、race 的区别：
sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大；
game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动；
match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛；
race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如：
1.People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜爱运动。)
2.The 2008 Olympic Games was held in Beijing.(2008奥运会在北京举行。)
3.Our school football team won the league match.(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军。)
4.They were strong and won the boat race.(他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛。)
2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别：
festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动；
holiday“假日、休息日”,指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期；
vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。
1.The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行。)
2.Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作。)
3.What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays (在暑期你打算做什么事情？)
3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别：
journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思；
tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等；
trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等；
travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。
1.He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行。),
2.He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行观光去了。)
3.He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次。)
4.Did you go to Santiago during your travels (旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗？)
5.Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的。)
4、sound、noise、voice的区别：
sound指各种声音；
noise主要指“噪音”；
voice指人的“嗓音”。如：
1.The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠。)
2.All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫。)
3.The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音。)
考点综合练
一、从方框中选择合适的单词或短语，并用其适当形式填空，每个单词或短语限用一次。
minute tooth sheep tomato wealth wife people man teacher sister safety
1．We're going to make vegetable salad. How many __________ do we need
2．Two thirds of the teachers in our school are ________________.
3．Look! Some ______ are eating grass on the hill.
4．—How far is it from the bank to the post office
—It's about ten __________ walk.
5．My grandpa has a mouth of good ______ although he is 70 years old.
6．They refused to give way on any of the ________standards.
7．—Is the school uniform under the desk yours
—No, it's my __________. She left it there just now.
8．Mr. Green is a successful businessman. After many years of hard work, he has lots of ________.
9．Many young ________ want to be a Bill Gates.
10．Many men in this situation would want their ______ to stay with the child.
[答案]1．tomatoes2．men teachers3．sheep4．minutes'5．teeth6．safety7．sister's8．wealth9．people
10．wives
二.单句填空
1．[2024湖南联考]According to the particular ways the Chinese use to process ________（leaf）, there are five kinds of tea: green tea, oolong, flower tea, black tea and compressed（紧压的） tea.
[答案]leaves
[解析]考查名词的数。句意：根据中国人加工叶子的特殊方式，有五种茶——绿茶、乌龙茶、花茶、红茶和紧压茶。此处表泛指，应用名词复数形式。故填leaves。
2．[2024长沙长郡二模]On May 4th, 1919, thousands of students from ________________（university） and schools in Beijing went to the streets to protest（抗议） against the unfair Treaty of Versailles （《凡尔赛条约》）.
[答案]universities
[解析]考查名词的数。句意：1919年5月4日，来自北京的大学和学校的数千名学生走上街头，抗议不公正的《凡尔赛条约》。此处泛指北京的大学，与schools并列，应用名词复数形式。故填universities。
3．[2024岳阳二模]Huang encouraged ____________（village） to plant sugar oranges and many other plants, and she helped them sell their products online.
[答案]villagers
[解析]考查名词构词法和名词的数。句意：黄鼓励村民种植沙糖橘和许多其他植物，她帮助他们在网上销售产品。根据“she helped them sell their products online.”可知，此处指村民们。故填villagers。
4．[2024长沙一模]But Lucky is not a real dog. He is a robot that looks like a dog. His ____（eye） open and close. He turns to face you when you talk.
[答案]eyes
[解析]考查名词的数。此处表示它的眼睛睁开又闭上，狗有两只眼，应用复数形式。故填eyes。
5．[2024衡阳一模]The candlelight from the three pagodas（塔） is reflected on the water, looking like three little ______（moon）.
[答案]moons
[解析]考查名词的数。句意：三座塔的烛光映照在水面上，看起来就像三个小月亮。根据所给词和空前的three little可知，填moons。
6．[2024长沙模拟]According to ____________（scientist）, classical music can slow down your heart rate（心率） and lower your blood pressure.
[答案]scientists
[解析]考查名词的数。此处表示据科学家所说，空处泛指科学家，应用名词复数。故填scientists。
7．[2024江苏扬州]Every year, Yangzhou offers a magical and special experience for its __________（tour）.
[答案]tourists
[解析]考查名词构词法和名词的数。句意：扬州每年为游客们提供一场奇妙且特别的体验。此空位于形容词性物主代词之后，需用名词形式tourist；又因为游客不止一人，故用复数形式。故填tourists。
8．[2024云南]David is a ________（work） at a car factory. He loves his job.
[答案]worker
[解析]考查名词构词法。句意：戴维是一家汽车厂的工人。他喜欢他的工作。由“car factory”和“He loves his job.”可知，此处指戴维是一个工人。故填worker。
9．[2023岳阳改编]Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful ________（city） in China this year.
[答案]cities
[解析]考查名词的数。根据“one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数”可知,应填cities。
10．[2023永州]Deng Yaping is my hero because she’s one of the best table tennis ________（player） in the world, and I love playing table tennis.
[答案]players
[解析]考查名词的数。根据“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”可知,应填players。
11．[2023郴州改编]My parents took me to the amusement park on ____________（child） Day. There were so many exciting things to do there.
[答案]Children’s
[解析]考查名词的数和名词所有格。根据语境可知,此处表示儿童节。Children’s Day 儿童节,故填Children’s。
12．[2023张家界改编]A school in Changsha held all kinds of ____________（activity） for teenagers.
[答案]activities
[解析]考查名词的数。activity为可数名词，根据all kinds of可知,应用复数形式，故填activities。
13．[2023永州]China plans to pay more attention to scientific ____________（educate） in its primary and middle schools.
[答案]education
[解析]考查名词构词法。此空位于形容词scientific后，应用名词。故填education。
14．[2023常德]—What did you do in class this morning, Sally
—We had a ____________（discuss） about Chinese culture.
[答案]discussion
[解析]考查名词构词法。该空作had的宾语，应填名词，discuss的名词形式为discussion。have a discussion about sth.讨论某事。故填discussion。
15．[2023永州一模]There are many ________（hero） in our country. We should learn from them.
[答案]heroes
[解析]考查名词的数。many修饰可数名词复数，hero的复数形式是heroes。故填heroes。
16．[2023岳阳一模]The article gives students some ______________（suggest） about how to stay safe online.
[答案]suggestions
[解析]考查名词构词法和名词的数。句意：这篇文章给了学生们一些关于如何保持网络安全的建议。suggest为动词，此处需用名词suggestion，其复数为suggestions。
17．[2023永州一模]For your ________（safe）, please don’t smoke.
[答案]safety
[解析]考查名词构词法。形容词性物主代词your后接名词，形容词safe的名词形式为safety，意为“安全”。故填safety。
18．[2023湘西州一模改编]I don’t know how to solve this math problem, can you give me some ________（advice）
[答案]advice
[解析]考查名词的数。句意：我不知道怎么解决这道数学题，你能给我一些建议吗？advice为不可数名词，故填advice。
19．[2022常德]Even the bottom was full of rubbish, and there were no more fish for ____________（fisherman） to catch.
[答案]fishermen
[解析]考查名词的数。这里的渔夫不止一人，所以应用复数形式，故填fishermen。
20．[2022娄底]He also draws a picture beside the poem to help show the ________（mean） of the Chinese poem.
[答案]meaning
[解析]考查名词构词法。句意：为帮助体现这首中国诗歌的含义，他还在诗的旁边画了一幅画。定冠词the后接名词。meaning表示“意思，含义”。故填meaning。
21．[2022岳阳一模改编]—Is the notebook on the desk yours
—No, it’s my __________（sister）. She left it there just now.
[答案]sister’s
[解析]考查名词所有格。句意:——桌子上的笔记本是你的吗 ——不,是我妹妹的。她刚刚放那里的。根据语境可知,此处表示“妹妹的笔记本”，空处应用sister的所有格形式。
22．[2021常德]Look, the __________（child） are having a good time flying kites in the park.
[答案]children
[解析]考查名词的数。由are可知，主语应用名词的复数形式。child的复数形式是children。
23．[2021衡阳]Almost ten years after his ______（die）, the new calendar was finally accepted.
[答案]death
[解析]考查名词构词法。空前有形容词性物主代词his，该空应填名词形式，故填death。
24．[2021永州]Matthew Chimudzi wants to study Chinese so that he can have good ________________（communicate） with people in China one day.
[答案]communication
[解析]考查名词构词法。句意：Matthew Chimudzi想学习汉语，以便自己有一天能够在中国与人进行良好的沟通。此空在形容词后，应用名词表示“沟通、交流”，故填communication。
三.名词填空
A
[2024娄底二模改编]Cristina Zenato, a world-famous shark expert and diver（潜水员）, was born in Italy and grew up in Africa until the age of 15.
Cristina is talented in communicating with sharks. With just a touch on a 1. （shark） head and face， she can lead it into a state of sleep for 15 minutes. Cristina’s special talent has been used to study shark behavior by scientists. It also helps to save sharks. Her work has saved many sharks from possible 2. （die）.
Cristina has received many 3. （prize） and honors for her great work in shark research and 4. （protect）. Until today, she continues to give speeches to let the public know the 5. （important） of shark protection.
[答案]1．shark’s2．death3．prizes4．protection5．importance
[解析]
1．考查名词所有格。此处表示摸鲨鱼的头和脸。故填shark’s。
2．考查名词构词法。 此处表示她的工作使许多鲨鱼免于死亡。故填death。
3．考查名词的数。prize为可数名词，根据many和and后的honors可知，应用其复数形式prizes。故填prizes。
4．考查名词构词法。此处表示在鲨鱼研究和保护方面的工作。空处与research并列，应填名词，故填protection。
5．考查名词构词法。结合句意：直到今天，她继续发表演讲，让公众了解保护鲨鱼的重要性。此处作know的宾语，应该填名词importance，意为“重要性”。故填importance。
B
Now many foreigners move to China because they are interested in its culture. One man has turned his interest into love, and this love made him write many books about China. He is William, an 6. （America） who has lived in China for 33 years. His Chinese name is Pan Weilian. His Chinese friends warmly call him “Lao Pan”.
In 1988, Lao Pan first came to Fujian and worked as a teacher in a university. But Lao Pan did not begin to understand China until he and his family took a 3-month drive around the country. These 7. （experience） gave him ideas for his books. Since then he has written thirteen books about China. These books give the world a fuller picture of China and Lao Pan is proud of what he is doing.
Lao Pan’s new book includes his forty-seven 8. （letter） to his family back in America. The letters show China’s 9. （develop） in different times. Lao Pan often says he loves China and its people so much. He sees it as a great task to let more Westerners know what China is like. He will continue telling the 10. （nation） stories to the world. Let’s wait to read more of his books together!
[答案]6．American7．experiences8．letters9．development10．nation’s
[解析]
6．考查名词构词法。这里是介绍William，表示他是一个美国人。American美国人。故填American。
7．考查名词的数。此处表示这些经历给了他写书的想法。experience表示“经历”时是可数名词。根据These可知，空处应用可数名词复数形式，故填experiences。
8．考查名词的数。空处被forty-seven修饰，且letter为可数名词，故填letters。
9．考查名词构词法。此处表示这些信件显示了中国在不同时期的发展。空前有名词所有格China’s，需用develop的名词形式，故填development。
10．考查名词所有格。此处表示他将继续向世界讲述这个国家的故事。空处应用名词所有格来修饰stories，故填nation’s。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题01.名词精讲
考点导图
知识1 可数名词及其单复数
一、名词复数规则变化
类别 构成方法 例词
一般情况 year-years village-villages boy-boys zoo-zoos
以s，x，ch，sh 等结尾的词 class-classes box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes
以辅音字母加y结尾的词 country-countries factory-factories story-stories city-cities
以f（e）结尾的词 knife-knives wife-wives leaf-leaves shelf-shelves thief-thieves
易错点
以字母o结尾的名词变复数时，绝大多数直接加-s,如：radios、photos、pianos;但初中阶段有三个常见的词必须加-es,即hero—heroes,potato—potatoes和tomato—tomatoes。（背诵规律：有生命加-es; 无生命加-s）
二、名词复数不规则变化
类别 例词
改变名词中的元音字母 变a为e man- woman-
变oo为ee foot- tooth-
单复数形式相同 sheep- , deer-
其他不规则变化情况 mouse- child-
某国人变复数 （中日不变英法变，其余-s加后面） Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen Australian-Australians German-Germans American-Americans Canadian-Canadians
易混易错
1．当名词前的修饰词是 man或woman，变复数时，两个名词全都要变成复数形式；如果修饰词是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。如：
a man teacher→two men teachers
a woman singer-two women singers
a boy student→two boy students
2．“数词＋名词（＋形容词）”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。如：
She is a five-year-old girl.她是一个五岁的女孩。（five-year-old 不能写成five-years-old）
a five-pound note 一张五英镑的纸币
a 100-meter race一场百米赛跑
3.有些名词常以复数形式出现，如：trousers，socks，gloves， glasses， shoes，pants 等。表达其数量时，常借助pair一词，如：a pair of trousers,two pairs of gloves。
知识2 不可数名词
二、特点
不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能直接与数词（one，two...）或不定冠词a，an连用，但可用some，any，a lot of，a little 等修饰。此外，还可以构成“数词或冠词＋计量名词＋of＋不可数名词”结构，如：a piece of advice, a cup of tea, a glass of milk, a piece of paper, a drop of water, two cups of coffee。
三、初中阶段常见的不可数名词
类别 例词
1．饮食类 milk，water，tea，coffee，beer，wine，juice,meat, beef, pork, rice, bread, salt, soup,cheese,butter
2．材料类 glass，plastic，cotton，silk，wood，silver，gold
3．自然类 air，light，rain，snow，fire（作“火焰”讲时），weather，wind，ice
4．抽象概念类 news，advice，information，homework，knowledge，success，surprise（作“惊奇，惊讶”讲时），fun,progress, music
四、有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同。
名词 可数名词意义 不可数名词意义
chicken 鸡 鸡肉
fish 鱼 鱼肉
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
paper 报纸、文件 纸张
orange 橙子 橙汁
room 房间 空间
time 次数，倍数 时间
知识3 名词所有格
一、构成方法
类别 构成方法 例子
单数名词 加-’s Mary’s sister my dad’s car the actress's name
复数 名 词 以-s 结尾 加’ the teachers’ office the girls’ interests your grandparents' room
不以-s结尾 加-’s Children’s Day Women’s Day
二、用法
1．用在表示人或动物的名词后，表示所属关系，意为“...··的”。
This is Tom’s car.这是汤姆的车。
用and连接的两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时,
在后一个名词后面加-’s。如：
Lily and Lucy’s mother is a nurse.莉莉和露西的妈妈是一名护士。
表示分别所有关系，则在两个名词后面分别加-’s。如：
Lily’s and John’s mothers are nurses.莉莉的妈妈和约翰的妈妈都是护士。
3．复合不定代词 someone，everybody等和else连用时，-’s应加在else后。如：
somebody else’s pencil别人的铅笔
4．表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词，也可以在词尾加-’s或’来构成所有格。如：
today’s newspaper 今天的报纸
five minutes’ ride／walk／drive 骑车／走路／开车5分钟的路程
China’s capital 中国的首都
three days’ leave 三天的假期
5.无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如：a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿)。
“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)。
知识4 名词的构词法
类别 变法 例词
形容词→名词 -ness kind→kindness sad→sadness happy→happiness
-ity able→ability creative→creativity possible→possibility
-t → -ce important→importance different→difference silent→silence
-y difficult→difficulty honest→honesty
-ty safe→safety
-th true→truth warm→warmth
名词→名词 -ist piano→pianist violin→violinist science→scientist
名词→名词 -an America→American Russia→Russian Europe→European
-ian music→musician magic→magician
动词→名词 动词→名词 -cr win→winner teach→teacher drive→driver wait→waiter
-or educate→educator act→actor visit→visitor
-ation/-ion decide→decision pronounce→pronunciation explain→explanation act→action invite→invitation discuss→discussion
-ment agree→agreement develop→development improve→improvement
-ing feel→feeling mean→meaning
-ress act→actress wait→waitress
其他 high→height hot→heat serve→service die→death long→length succeed→success France→French（法国人；法语） Japan→Japanese（日本人；日语）
知识5 名词词义辧析
名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义，然后作出正确的选择。近年来，这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一。
常用易混名词辨析
1、sport、game、match、race 的区别：
sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大；
game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动；
match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛；
race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如：
1.People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜爱运动。)
2.The 2008 Olympic Games was held in Beijing.(2008奥运会在北京举行。)
3.Our school football team won the league match.(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军。)
4.They were strong and won the boat race.(他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛。)
2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别：
festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动；
holiday“假日、休息日”,指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期；
vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。
1.The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行。)
2.Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作。)
3.What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays (在暑期你打算做什么事情？)
3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别：
journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思；
tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等；
trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等；
travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。
1.He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行。),
2.He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行观光去了。)
3.He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次。)
4.Did you go to Santiago during your travels (旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗？)
5.Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的。)
4、sound、noise、voice的区别：
sound指各种声音；
noise主要指“噪音”；
voice指人的“嗓音”。如：
1.The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠。)
2.All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫。)
3.The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音。)
考点综合练
一、从方框中选择合适的单词或短语，并用其适当形式填空，每个单词或短语限用一次。
minute tooth sheep tomato wealth wife people man teacher sister safety
1．We're going to make vegetable salad. How many __________ do we need
2．Two thirds of the teachers in our school are ________________.
3．Look! Some ______ are eating grass on the hill.
4．—How far is it from the bank to the post office
—It's about ten __________ walk.
5．My grandpa has a mouth of good ______ although he is 70 years old.
6．They refused to give way on any of the ________standards.
7．—Is the school uniform under the desk yours
—No, it's my __________. She left it there just now.
8．Mr. Green is a successful businessman. After many years of hard work, he has lots of ________.
9．Many young ________ want to be a Bill Gates.
10．Many men in this situation would want their ______ to stay with the child.
二.单句填空
1．[2024湖南联考]According to the particular ways the Chinese use to process ________（leaf）, there are five kinds of tea: green tea, oolong, flower tea, black tea and compressed（紧压的） tea.
2．[2024长沙长郡二模]On May 4th, 1919, thousands of students from ________________（university） and schools in Beijing went to the streets to protest（抗议） against the unfair Treaty of Versailles （《凡尔赛条约》）.
3．[2024岳阳二模]Huang encouraged ____________（village） to plant sugar oranges and many other plants, and she helped them sell their products online.
4．[2024长沙一模]But Lucky is not a real dog. He is a robot that looks like a dog. His ____（eye） open and close. He turns to face you when you talk.
5．[2024衡阳一模]The candlelight from the three pagodas（塔） is reflected on the water, looking like three little ______（moon）.
6．[2024长沙模拟]According to ____________（scientist）, classical music can slow down your heart rate（心率） and lower your blood pressure.
7．[2024江苏扬州]Every year, Yangzhou offers a magical and special experience for its __________（tour）.
8．[2024云南]David is a ________（work） at a car factory. He loves his job.
9．[2023岳阳改编]Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful ________（city） in China this year.
10．[2023永州]Deng Yaping is my hero because she’s one of the best table tennis ________（player） in the world, and I love playing table tennis.
11．[2023郴州改编]My parents took me to the amusement park on ____________（child） Day. There were so many exciting things to do there.
12．[2023张家界改编]A school in Changsha held all kinds of ____________（activity） for teenagers.
13．[2023永州]China plans to pay more attention to scientific ____________（educate） in its primary and middle schools.
14．[2023常德]—What did you do in class this morning, Sally
—We had a ____________（discuss） about Chinese culture.
15．[2023永州一模]There are many ________（hero） in our country. We should learn from them.
16．[2023岳阳一模]The article gives students some ______________（suggest） about how to stay safe online.
17．[2023永州一模]For your ________（safe）, please don’t smoke.
18．[2023湘西州一模改编]I don’t know how to solve this math problem, can you give me some ________（advice）
19．[2022常德]Even the bottom was full of rubbish, and there were no more fish for ____________（fisherman） to catch.
20．[2022娄底]He also draws a picture beside the poem to help show the ________（mean） of the Chinese poem.
21．[2022岳阳一模改编]—Is the notebook on the desk yours
—No, it’s my __________（sister）. She left it there just now.
22．[2021常德]Look, the __________（child） are having a good time flying kites in the park.
23．[2021衡阳]Almost ten years after his ______（die）, the new calendar was finally accepted.
24．[2021永州]Matthew Chimudzi wants to study Chinese so that he can have good ________________（communicate） with people in China one day.
三.名词填空
A
[2024娄底二模改编]Cristina Zenato, a world-famous shark expert and diver（潜水员）, was born in Italy and grew up in Africa until the age of 15.
Cristina is talented in communicating with sharks. With just a touch on a 1. （shark） head and face， she can lead it into a state of sleep for 15 minutes. Cristina’s special talent has been used to study shark behavior by scientists. It also helps to save sharks. Her work has saved many sharks from possible 2. （die）.
Cristina has received many 3. （prize） and honors for her great work in shark research and 4. （protect）. Until today, she continues to give speeches to let the public know the 5. （important） of shark protection.
B
Now many foreigners move to China because they are interested in its culture. One man has turned his interest into love, and this love made him write many books about China. He is William, an 6. （America） who has lived in China for 33 years. His Chinese name is Pan Weilian. His Chinese friends warmly call him “Lao Pan”.
In 1988, Lao Pan first came to Fujian and worked as a teacher in a university. But Lao Pan did not begin to understand China until he and his family took a 3-month drive around the country. These 7. （experience） gave him ideas for his books. Since then he has written thirteen books about China. These books give the world a fuller picture of China and Lao Pan is proud of what he is doing.
Lao Pan’s new book includes his forty-seven 8. （letter） to his family back in America. The letters show China’s 9. （develop） in different times. Lao Pan often says he loves China and its people so much. He sees it as a great task to let more Westerners know what China is like. He will continue telling the 10. （nation） stories to the world. Let’s wait to read more of his books together!
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