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专题06.动词分类精讲
考点导图
一．动词的分类概述
类 别 意 义 例 句
实义 动词 含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。 They eat a lot of potatoes. 他们常吃土豆。 I’m reading an English book now.我现在正看一本英文书。
连系 动词 起到连系主语和表语的作用，像一纽带，把主语和表语“系”在一起。 His father is a teacher.他父亲是教师。 The teacher became very angry. 老师变得很生气。
助动词 本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词(原形)一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。 He is a student. Is he a student Yes,/No. He plays basketball. Plays he basketball. 助动词 Does he play basketball Does he plays basketball He doesn’t speak English. 他不说英语。 We are playing basketball. 我们在打篮球。 Do you have a brother 你有兄弟吗？ I haven’t seen you for a long time. 我好久没有见到你。
情态 动词 本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。 She can keep the books for two weeks. 这些书你能借两个星期。 May I smoke here 我可以在这儿抽烟吗？ We must go now. 我们现在必须走了。
二．实义动词
实义动词按其句法作用分为及物动词和不及物动词；按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1．及物动词和不及物动词
类别 说明 用法 例句
及物 动词 (vt.) 不能单独使用，后面必须加宾语，通常构成“主谓宾”句式结构 主语＋vt.＋宾语 He reached Beijing last night.他昨晚到达北京。
主语＋vt.＋宾语＋宾补 We call him Bill.我们叫他比尔。 The students always keep their classroom clean.学生们总是保持教室干净。
主语＋vt.＋间接宾语（人）＋ 直接宾语（物） May I ask you a question 我可以同你一个问题吗？
不及物 动词 (vi.) 可以单独使用， 后面可以加介词 组成动词短语 主语＋vi. Horses run fast.马跑得快。
主语＋vi.＋介词＋宾语 Please look at the blackboard and listen to me carefully.请看黑板，仔细听我说。
2．难点延续性动词和非延续性动词 难点
（1）延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，如：live，stay，study，work，keep，teach等。
We have lived in China since 2001.2001年以来，我们一直住在中国。
-How long may I keep the book？-这本书我可以借多久？
-You can keep it for two weeks.-你可以借两周。
（2）非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一发生便立即结束，如：buy，lend，borrow，die，begin，stop，finish，arrive，join，go，come，catch等。非延续性动词在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，如果和表示一段时间的状语连用，就要用其他词代替。
He arrived here five days ago.他五天前到这儿的。
He has been here for five days.他已经到这儿五天了。（这里不能用has arrived）
He bought the smartphone two months ago.他两个月前买的这部智能手机。
He has had the smartphone for two months.他买了这部智能手机两个月了。（这里不能用 has bought）
二、动词的基本形式
形式 构成 例词
动词原形 词典中一般给出的形式 be, have, do, learn
第三人称 单数形式 一般在动词后直接加-s run-runs, think-thinks
以ch，sh，s，o，x结尾的动词后加-es teach-leaches, wash-washes, go-goes, pass-passes, mix-mixes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变成i，再加-es study-studies, carry-carries
动词的 -ing形式 一般在动词后直接加-ing read-reading, cook-cooking
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加-ing live-living, write-writing
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后再加-ing sit-sitting, begin-beginning
少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y，再加-ing die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying
过去式和 过去分词 （规则变化） 一般在动词后直接加-ed work-worked, play-played
以字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d invite-invited, promise-promised
以重读团音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后再加-ed stop-stopped, plan-planned
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-ed carry-carried, study-studied
知识2 动词短语
一、同一动词型
1. come短语 come across 偶然遇见；偶然发现 come up with 想出；提出 come out 出版；出现 2. put短语 put out熄灭 put away 把......收起来 put up 张贴；举起；搭建 put on穿上；增加（体重）；上演 put off 推迟 3．look短语 look around 环顾四周 look after 照顾 look up抬头看；（在词典中）查阅 look up to 钦佩；仰慕 look over 仔细检查 look through 浏览；逐一查看 4．take短语 take on 呈现 take up 占用；开始从事 take down 写下；记下 take off脱下；起飞 take in 吸收；领会
5．give 短语 give up 放弃 give in 屈服 give out 分发 give away 捐赠 give off 发出（光、热等） 6．turn短语 turn on 打开 turn off 关掉 turn up 调高；出现 turn down 调低；拒绝 turn to 转向；求助于 7．get短语 get in 到达 get used to 习惯于（其中to为介词） get over 克服 get into 进入；参与；陷人 get on／off上／下（车、船、飞机等）
二、同一介词／副词型
1．about短语 care about关心；在意 hear about 听说 think about 思考；考虑 2．away短语 pass away 去世 go away 走开 throw away 扔掉；抛弃 stay away from 远离 3．back短语 come back回来；回忆起 bring back 使回想起；恢复 look back at 回顾 talk back 顶嘴 4．off短语 cut off 切除；切断 fall off 跌落 go off（警报器）响起 pay off偿清（欠款等） set off出发；动身 see off 送别 show off 炫耀
5．on短语 carry on 继续 depend on 取决于；依靠 go on继续；发生 hang on稍等；坚持不懈 hold on 抓住；坚持；等一等（别挂电话）
6．out短语 act out 实现，付诸行动 blow out 吹灭 break out爆发 bring out使显现；使表现出 run out 用光；用尽 find out 查明；弄清 hand out 分发 work out计算出；解出；想出 try out 试验 7．up短语 cut up 切碎 dress up 打扮 eat up 吃完 end up 最终成为 get up 起床 cheer up 使振作 pick up 捡起；拾起；开车接 grow up 长大 sit／stay up 熬夜 8．for短语 care for 照顾；关心 leave for 前往 look for 寻找 prepare for 为······做准备 stand for 代表
二.系动词
1.系动词的分类
系动词有一定的词义,但不完整,不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。
(1)表示状态的系动词
常见的有be(是),stay(保持),keep(保持),remain(保持不变),lie(保持……状态),stand(处于某种状态)。
The general cannot find a happy person and the king remains unhappy forever.
将军找不到一个快乐的人,国王就永远不开心。
Eating right to stay healthy.要饮食恰当以保持健康。
(2)表示感官、表象的系动词
常见的有look(看起来),feel(感觉,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),seem(看起来好像,似乎),appear(显得,看起来)。
That sounds good.那听起来好极了。
The food tasted better than it looked.这食物吃起来味道比看上去要好。
(3)表示转变和结果的系动词
常见的有become(变成),grow(变得),turn(变得),fall(变成),get(变得),go(变得)。
His face always turned red when he talked to girls.跟女孩谈话时他的脸总是变红。
The young should then look after their parents as they get older.父母老了之后,晚辈应该照顾他们。
(4)系动词也可跟不定式to do/to be
常见的有appear,seem,remain和prove等。
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.去国外旅行对这对老夫妇当然有好处,但他们是否喜欢还有待于观察。
On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.在漫长的旅途中,彼得证明了自己是一位很有趣的导游。我们都过得很愉快。
2.系动词的用法
(1)系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时中,但是表示变化的系动词(如get,become,grow,turn和go)等可用于进行时态,表示逐渐变化的过程。
Spring is coming, and the days are getting longer and longer.春天来了,天变得越来越长了。
(2)在一般情况下,系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。如:
Be careful when you cross this very busy street.If not,you may get run over by a car.当你穿过这条繁忙的街道时要小心,否则你就可能被车撞到。
(3)常见的能跟名词作表语的系动词有be,become,appear,seem,prove,remain和turn等。如:
The population growth in China remains a problem.中国的人口增长还是个问题。
三.助动词
1.助动词do,does,did
(1)构成一般疑问句
Does she inform you when they will hold a meeting 她通知你他们什么时候开会了吗
Do you want a single or a return ticket 你要单程票还是往返票
(2)do,does,did+not构成否定句
Although he ran up against many difficulties, he did not lose heart.虽然他碰到了许多困难,但他并不气馁。
We do not know the value of health till we lose it.我们直到失去健康才知道它的可贵。
(3)构成否定祈使句。注意只用do,不用does或did
Do not keep asking me!别老是问我!
Do not touch the exhibits.请勿触摸展品。
(4)放在动词前,加强语气
I do remember the story.我的确记得这个故事。
I did go there.我确实去那儿了。
(5)用于倒装句
Never did he break his promise.他从不食言。
Only when he read the newspaper did he know the story.他看了报纸后才知道那则故事。
(6)用来代替动词(短语)
—Do you like singing 你喜欢唱歌吗
—Yes, I do.是的,喜欢。(do代替like singing)
He comes from Norway,doesn’t he 他是从挪威来的,对吗 (does代替come from)
2.助动词be
(1)be+现在分词,构成进行时。
One day while he was teaching, he suddenly fell onto his desk.那天他正在讲着课,突然扑倒在讲台上。
We are listening to a report.我们正在听一场报告。
(2)be+过去分词,构成被动语态。
The cup fell and was broken into pieces.茶杯掉了,摔成了碎片。
The boy was given an apple.有人给了那个男孩一个苹果。
3.助动词have,has,had
(1)have(has)+过去分词,构成现在完成时态。
How much have you borrowed from him 你向他借了多少钱
He has read many books on the subject.他看过许多关于这一主题的书。
(2)have/has+been+现在分词,构成现在完成进行时。
I have been reading Mark Twain’s works this week.本周我一直在读马克·吐温的作品。
(3)had+过去分词,构成过去完成时。
The teacher had just left the room when the boy started to make noise.老师刚离开教室那个男孩便开始吵闹起来。
(4)have/has/had+been+过去分词,构成完成时的被动语态。
They have been beaten by an outstanding team.他们已被一支优秀的球队击败。
The problem had been solved by the end of last month.问题在上月末解决了。
4.助动词shall和will,should和would
(1)shall/will+动词原形,表示一般将来时。shall用于第一人称,will用于各种人称。
When I see her, I shall give her your message.我见到她就把你的口信带给她。
We shall have a sports meeting next month.我们下个月要开运动会。
He will come here next week.他将在下周来访。
(2)助动词should和would
should/would+动词原形,表示过去将来时。should用于第一人称,would用于各种人称。如:
I telephoned my mother to ask what I should do the next day.我打电话给妈妈问她我第二天做什么。
I wanted to ask how I should send out the invites.我想来请教应该怎样发出邀请。
We wanted to know when he would finish the article.我们想知道他什么时候写完这篇文章。
助动词专项练习
1.学生们正在上课。The students　are having a class　.
2.许多国家都讲英语。English 　is spoken　in many countries.
3.自从他出生以来,他一直住在北京。He　has lived　in Beijing since he was born.
4.孩子们,务必安静点!Do 　be quiet　,children!
5.今晚将有一场足球比赛。There　will be a football match　this evening.
6.杰克总是把房间保持得干净、整洁。Jack always　keeps his room clean and tidy　.
7.我可以问你个问题吗 May I　ask you a question　
8.孩子们正在放风筝。The children　are flying kites　.
9.他一生致力于教孩子们英语。He　devoted his lifetime to　teaching the children English.
四．情态动词
知识1 情态动词的基本用法
一、常见情态动词的含义及用法
1.can 重点
含义及用法 例句
表示能力，意为“能，会” Tom can swim well.汤姆游泳游得好。
表示请求、允许，意为“可以” Can I use your pen？我可以用一下你的钢笔吗？
否定形式为can’t，可表示能力，意为“不会，不能”；也可表示否定推测，语气强烈，意为“一定不，不可能” I can’t skate.我不会滑冰。 He can't be Mr.Wang because Mr. Wang has gone to Beijing.他不可能是王先生，因为王先生去北京了。
2.could
含义及用法 例句
表示过去的能力，意为“能，会”，其否定形式为couldn’t He could ride a bike when he was four.他四岁的时候就会骑自行车了。
在疑问句中表示委婉的请求 Could I have a piece of paper？我可以要一张纸吗？
3.must
含义及用法 例句
表示主观看法，意为“必须，一定”。 “Must I...？”句型的否定回答常用needn’t 或 don’t have to Don't be late for school. We must be on time.上学不要迟到。我们必须准时。 -Must I go home now -我现在必须回家吗？ -No, you needn't/don't have to.不，你不必。
表示非常有把握的肯定推测，意为“一定，肯定” -There's someone knocking on the door.-有人在敲门。 -It must be Jim.-肯定是吉姆。
否定形式为mustn’t，意为“一定不要，禁止” Little kids mustn't sit in the front seat of a car.小孩子禁止坐在小汽车的前座。
4.may
含义及用法 例句
表示请求、许可，意为“可以”。“May I...？”句型的否定回答常用can’t 或 mustn’t -May I come in -我可以进来吗？ -You may come in if you wish. /No, you can't/ mustn’t. -你想进来就进来吧。／不，你不能。
表示把握不大的推测，意为“有可能，也许” He may come tomorrow. 他明天可能会来。
5.might
含义及用法 例句
表示请求、许可，语气比may更委婉 Might I ask you a question 我可以问你一个问题吗？
表示推测，意为“有可能，也许”，可能性低于may，语气缓和，较委婉 She might go swimming. She likes swimming.她有可能去游泳了。她喜欢游泳。
6.need
含义及用法 例句
表示必要性，主要用于否定句或疑问句中 Need I stay here？ 我有必要留在这儿吗？
否定形式为needn’t，意为“不必，没有必要” You needn't come to school so early.你不必这么早来学校。
7.should
含义及用法 例句
表示要求和命令，也可以表示劝告或建议，意为“应该” We should eat healthy food.我们应该吃健康的食物。
表示征询意见，常用于疑问句中 Who should we ask？ 我们应该请教谁？
否定形式为shouldn’t，意为“不应该” You shouldn’t tell lies.你不应该撒谎。
8.shall
含义及用法 例句
表示请求或征求对方意见，多用于第一或第三人称，构成疑问句 Shall I open the window 我把窗户打开好吗？
表示决心、警告、命令，多用于第二人称 You shall not talk loudly at the cinema.你（们）不许在电影院内大声喧哗。
9.would
含义及用法 例句
表示说话人的意愿 I’d love a coffee.我想喝杯咖啡。
客气地建议或邀请 Would you like a sandwich？您来一个三明治吗？
用于第二人称，表示向对方提出请求 Would you tell me the way to the airport？你能告诉我去机场的路吗？
表示过去的习惯 He would take a walk after dinner.以前他晚饭后常常去散步。
10．have to（半情态动词）
含义及用法 例句
表示客观需要，意为“不得不” I have to stay at home, for my sister is ill.我不得不待在家里，因为我的妹妹生病了。
否定形式 don’t have to，意为“不必” You don't have to come if you don’t want to.如果你不想来，你就不必来。
二、以情态动词开头的一般疑问句的答语
一般情况下，用哪个情态动词提问就用哪个情态动词作答。但也有一些特殊情况，需结合具体语境判断。
1.“May I ...？”句型的否定回答常用can’t或mustn’t。
-May I play computer games now, Mum
-妈妈，我现在可以玩电脑游戏吗？
-No,you can't/mustn't.
-不，你不可以／禁止玩电脑游戏。
2.“Must I ...？”句型的否定回答常用 needn’t或 don’t have to。
-Must I finish my homework tonight
-我今晚必须完成我的作业吗？
-No,you needn't/don't have to.
-不，你不必。
3.“Could I ...？”句型的回答常用can或can’t。
-Need I leave so soon
-我有必要那么快就走吗？
-Yes,you must./ No,you needn't.
-是的，你必须赶快走。／不，你不必。
知识2 易混情态动词的用法辨析
1．can和may表可能性时的区别
（1）在肯定句中，常用may表示可能性。如：
You had better ask that policeman. He may know. 你最好问那个警察，他可能知道。
（2）在否定句中，cannot／can’t语气肯定，表示“不可能”；may not 语气不肯定，表示“可能不”。如：
Mr. Li can't be in the classroom. He has gone to Beijing.
李老师不可能在教室里，他去北京了。
-Is John coming by train
-约翰是坐火车来吗？
-He should, but he may not. He likes driving his car.
-他应该坐火车，但可能不坐。他喜欢开他的小汽车。
2．must和 have／has to的区别
must表示主观意愿，意为“必须”；have／has to强调客观需要，意为“必须，不得不”。如：
We must get together sometime.
我们一定要找个时间聚一下。
I have to clock in by eight.我必须八点前打卡上班。
3．can’t和mustn’t的区别
can’t表否定推测；mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”，不能用来表推测。如：
You've just had lunch. You can't be hungry now
你刚吃了午饭。你现在肯定不饿。
You mustn't smoke in the hospital.
你不能在医院里抽烟。
考点综合练
一．选择题
1．（2024·广西南宁·三模）You should take this medicine according to the instructions, even if it ________ bad.
A．sounds B．tastes C．feels
【答案】B
【详解】句意：即使这药味道不好，你也应该按照说明服用。
考查动词辨析。sounds听起来；tastes尝起来；feels感觉。根据上文“You should take this medicine according to the instructions,”可知，此处是指即使药的味道尝起来不好，也要按照说明吃。故选B。
2．（2024·广西南宁·三模）—I want to take a look at that red dress.
—Good choice! It is beautiful and it ________ soft.
A．feels B．tastes C．smells
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——我想看看那件红裙子。——不错的选择！它很漂亮，摸起来很柔软。
考查系动词辨析。feels摸起来；tastes尝起来；smells闻起来。根据“It is beautiful and it…soft”可知，是一种触觉感受，摸起来很柔软。故选A。
3．（2024·黑龙江·三模）“A country is truly prosperous (繁荣的) only when its people ________ prosperous,” said President Xi Jinping.
A．are B．is C．were
【答案】A
【详解】句意：习主席说：“一个国家只有在人民繁荣的时候才是真正的繁荣”。
考查主谓一致。根据“A country is truly prosperous”可知，时态为一般现在时；主语“its people”表示复数，be动词应用are。故选A。
4．（2024·广西·二模）—What do you think of the song “Juvenile (少年)”
—It ______ lively. I like listening to it.
A．sounds B．tastes C．looks
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你认为“少年”这首歌曲怎么样？ ——听起来很生动。我喜欢听它。
考查动词辨析。sounds听起来；tastes尝起来；looks看起来。根据“What do you think of the song”和回答“I like listenig to it.”可知，这首歌听起来很生动。故选A。
5．（2024·广西柳州·三模）My sister likes the silk dress very much. It ________ very soft.
A．sounds B．feels C．tastes
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我姐姐很喜欢这条真丝连衣裙。摸起来很柔软。
考查感官动词辨析。sound听起来；feel摸起来; taste尝起来。根据“My sister likes the silk dress very much. It …very soft.”可知真丝连衣裙摸起来很软。故选B。
6．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting and a reading day in our school.
A．is B．are C．have D．were
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们学校每学期有一次家长会和读书日。
考查主谓一致。is用于一般现在时，修饰名词单数形式；are用于一般现在时，修饰名词复数形式；have有，用于一般现在时；were用于一般过去时，修饰名词复数形式。分析题干，该句为“there be”句型，应遵循“就近原则”，即be动词的形式由离它最近的名词来确定，“a parents’ meeting一次家长会”为名词单数形式，be动词应用is。故选A。
7．（2024·河北唐山·二模）My English ________ really poor before my teacher helped me.
A．is B．was C．has been D．will be
【答案】B
【详解】句意：在老师帮助我之前，我的英语真的很差。
考查动词时态。结合“helped”可知时态为一般过去时，动词应用过去式。故选B。
8．（2024·广西柳州·模拟预测）The dish smells delicious, but it ________ a little salty.
A．looks B．tastes C．feels
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这道菜闻起来很香，但尝起来有点咸。
考查动词辨析。looks看起来；tastes尝起来；feels感觉起来。根据“a little salty”可知，应该是“品尝起来”有点咸，应用tastes，故选B。
二、完成句子
1．（2024·广东广州·二模）随着中国文化的国际传播和全球交流的增加，越来越多的外国人对这一古老的艺术形式感兴趣。
With the increase of international communication and global exchange of Chinese culture, more and more foreigners this ancient art form.
【答案】 are interested in
【详解】结合中英文提示可知，此处缺少“对……感兴趣”，英语表达为be interested in，主语是复数名词，be动词用are，故填are；interested；in。
2．（2024·贵州黔东南·二模）能歌善舞的苗族人民大部分居住在贵州。
The Miao people talented in singing and dancing mostly live in Guizhou Province.
【答案】who are/that are
【详解】分析句子结构可知，空处所在句为定语从句，先行词为指人的“The Miao people”，关系词代替先行词在从句中充当主语，应用who/that引导定语从句；be talented in…“在……方面有天赋”，固定词组；时态为一般现在时，主语为“The Miao people”，所以此处应用be动词are。故填who are/that are。
3．（2024·贵州毕节·模拟预测）不要害羞，在课堂上大胆提问。
Don’t and ask questions bravely in class.
【答案】 be shy
【详解】根据还有提示可知，空处缺少“害羞”。shy“害羞的”。句子为祈使句，Don’t后用动词原形be，shy“害羞的”。故填be；shy。
4．（2024·贵州黔东南·二模）我上了初中才习惯每天早上跑步。
I get used to running every morning I entered junior high school.
【答案】 didn’t until
【详解】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“直到……才……”；not…until…“直到……才……”，句子时态为一般过去时，此处应用助动词did。故填didn’t；until。
5．（2024·重庆渝中·三模）China sent the Shenzhou-18 up successfully on April 25th. (对划线部分提问)
China send the Shenzhou-18 up successfully
【答案】 When did
【详解】句意：4月25日，中国成功发射了神舟十八号。划线部分是时间，疑问词用when，根据“sent”可知变疑问句时借助助动词did。故填When；did。
6．（2024·重庆江津·三模）My mother goes to work by bike every day. (对画线部分提问)
your mother go to work every day
【答案】 How does
【详解】by bike“骑自行车”表示交通方式，提问用特殊疑问词how，置于句首，首字母大写；原句谓语动词是goes，疑问词中主语your mother是三单，在主语前添加助动词does。故填How；does。
7．（2024·四川达州·二模）He hurt himself when playing football yesterday. (改为否定句)
He himself when playing football yesterday.
【答案】 didn’t hurt
【详解】句意：他昨天踢足球时受伤了。根据“ yesterday ”可知，时态为一般过去时，hurt是实义动词，改为否定句需用助动词didn’t，后面接动词原形hurt。故填didn’t；hurt。
8．（2024·重庆沙坪坝·一模）Mary worries about her success in the exam.（改为否定句）
Mary about her success in the exam.
【答案】 doesn’t worry
【详解】句意：玛丽担心考试能否成功。原句是一般现在时且带有实义动词，主语Mary是第三人称单数，改为否定句需借助助动词doesn’t，后接动词原形worry。故填doesn’t；worry。
9．（2024·重庆渝中·二模）Mark has to exercise for two hours every day.（改为否定句）
Mark to exercise for two hours every day.
【答案】 doesn’t have
【详解】句意：马克每天要锻炼两个小时。根据“has”可知句子是一般现在时，变否定句借助助动词doesn’t，后加动词原形have。故填doesn’t；have。
10．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Why was the bigger knife used (改为主动语态)
Why people the bigger knife
【答案】 did use
【详解】句意：为什么要用更大的刀？原句时态为一般过去时，use为实义动词，此处应借助助动词did；主语后接动词原形use。故填did；use。
三、从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，每词限用一次。
choose practise seem warn be prefer can sell look clean
1．According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people ________ their teeth with some tree branches.
2．There was a boy sitting in the corner of the room and he ________ sad.
3．He has ________ to study in a junior school near his home.
4．Mr. Li ______ his students not to play computer games too much. It's harmful to their study.
5．This book on places of interest in Henan ______ well in this bookshop.
6．Mr. Lin makes his students __________ speaking English for 20 minutes every day.
7．My aunt said she ______ play the piano when she was only six.
8．There is going to__ a football match this Sunday.
9．We must stop and ____ both ways before we cross the road.
10．Susan ________ to wear clothes which are made of cotton. She thinks they are comfortable.
[答案]1．cleaned2．seemed3．chosen4．warns5．sells6．practise7．could8．be9．look10．prefers
三．完形填空
A
[2024湖南联考改编]Cui Chenxi, a 14-year-old skateboarder, became China’s youngest player who 1 the first place in the Asian Games in 2023. She won the women’s street game during the Asian Games in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. This gold medal（奖牌） means a lot to Cui Chenxi. She said, “This is the first time I have 2 the Asian Games, so it is very important. I really want to win this competition.”
When asked if she was nervous before the competition, she 3 her head and said, “No. My dad told me to stay relaxed and enjoy the competition. As long as I 4 my best, I have no regrets.”
Cui Chenxi 5 skateboarding when she was three years old. Cui said, “I clearly remember the day I 6 onto the board for the first time. It felt very smooth, and I fell in love with it at first sight.”
Most of the time, getting hurt is just part of this sport, and she just pushes through it and never 7 . Cui is the future of Team China!
1．A. lost B. won C. kept
2．A. taken part in B. taken off C. taken in
3．A. touched B. nodded C. shook
4．A. try B. learn C. pay
5．A. made up B. took up C. put up
6．A. stopped B. shopped C. stepped
7．A. goes over B. sets out C. gives up
[答案]1．B2．A3．C4．A5．B6．C7．C
[解析]
1．根据下文的“She won the women’s street game”及空后的“the first place”可知是获得了第一名。故选B。
2．句意：这是我第一次参加亚运会，所以它很重要。take part in参加；take off 脱掉，起飞；take in吸收，领会。故选A。
3．根据“No.”可知，当被问及比赛前是否紧张时，她摇摇头。故选C。
4．此处表示只要“我”尽力，“我”就不会后悔。try one’s best 尽某人最大努力。故选A。
5．此处指崔宸曦三岁开始学滑板。make up编造；take up开始从事，学着做；put up张贴。根据下文“skateboarding when she was three years old”可知她三岁时开始学滑板。故选B。
6．此处表示“我”清楚地记得“我”第一次踏上滑板的那一天。stop停止；shop购物；step踏上。故选C。
7．根据“she just pushes through it and never”可知，她奋力拼搏，永不放弃。go over仔细检查；set out出发；give up放弃。故选C。
B
When my sister Gina was born, she had a problem with her heart. She was weak after a long illness and had to go to the hospital very often. She had trouble walking, playing with other children, and going to school.
Our parents wanted to take Gina to a special place in Florida and hoped Gina could 8 with dolphins（海豚）. When Gina knew it, she was worried because she didn’t know whether it was easy to be around dolphins.
When we got to Florida, we couldn’t wait to 9 the place. Kids who had special needs like Gina could come and 10 time with dolphins. I thought it was going to be a vacation, but it wasn’t. Gina had to work hard every day for a week.
However, the trip was amazing. Gina 11 and clapped（鼓掌） when she saw the dolphins. One of the dolphins squeaked（尖叫） happily to 12 her. They swam together all day. Gina was able to move her body more than she usually did at home. Mum and Dad were proud of Gina. I was, too.
8．A. draw B. cook C. swim
9．A. clean B. invent C. visit
10．A. take B. spend C. pay
11．A. locked B. laughed C. escaped
12．A. hurt B. punish C. welcome
[答案]8．C9．C10．B11．B12．C
[解析]
8．draw画画；cook烹饪；swim游泳。由最后一段第四句“They swam together all day.”可知，这里表示吉娜可以与海豚一起游泳。故选C。
9．clean清扫；invent发明；visit参观。根据第二段第一句中的“Our parents wanted to take Gina to a special place in Florida”可知，“我们”要参观这个地方。故选C。
10．根据第二段最后一句的be around dolphins及最后一段第四句“They swam together all day.”可知，像吉娜这样有特殊需求的孩子可以来与海豚共度时光。take表示“花费”时，常用于句型“it takes/took sb. some time to do sth.”;spend的主语通常为人，用于“sb. spend some time/some money （in） doing sth.”或“sb. spend some time/some money on sth.”结构;pay的主语通常为人，但主要表示付钱。故选B。
11．lock锁住；laugh大笑；escape逃脱。此处表示吉娜看到海豚时大笑着鼓掌。故选B。
12．hurt受伤；punish惩罚；welcome欢迎。结合语境和空前的happily可知，此处表示其中一个海豚高兴地尖叫着欢迎她。故选C。
C
Bella arrived home late from school that day. When she walked past her mother’s room she found her mum was still in bed, and seemed to be very weak.
Bella entered her room and heard the cries from her little sister. She knew her dad would expect her to 13 her sister. And she also had to 14 meals for the whole family as her mum did before. Bella thought it was not fair because she also had schoolwork to do, just like everyone else in her class. Why did she have to be the grown-up
When she got out of the room, she saw her dad sitting at the kitchen table, lonely and tired. Suddenly, something happened inside Bella. She 15 that her father, as well as a husband, must be really worried.
Then she heard a deep voice from her father, “Make the dinner, will you, Bella ”
She was going to find an excuse to 16 her friends, but she stopped and said to herself, “It is a hard time for everyone in our family. I guess making meals is just what I can do to help.” Then she quietly went into the kitchen and began peeling（削） potatoes.
“OK, Daddy,” said Bella. “Everything will be all right and we can 17 .” At that moment, she saw a smile on her father’s face. She felt different—grown-up, somehow. It was really good to 18 a smile to her father’s face, even for only a moment.
“Daddy, whatever happens, we will be OK. Right ”
“Yes, we will. If we 19 each other, we’ll always be all right.”
They both 20 at each other over the table.
13．A. look for B. look after C. look over
14．A. play B. practice C. prepare
15．A. explained B. expected C. realized
16．A. take B. meet C. thank
17．A. manage B. decide C. forget
18．A. bring B. keep C. turn
19．A. refuse B. control C. support
20．A. laughed B. smiled C. saw
[答案]13．B14．C15．C16．B17．A18．A19．C20．B
[解析]
13．look for寻找；look after照顾；look over仔细检查。结合第一段第二句的“she found her mum was still in bed”和此处的语境可知，爸爸期待她能照顾妹妹，故选B。
14．play玩耍；practice练习；prepare准备。由后文的“as her mum did before”可知，此处表示她得像她妈妈以前那样为全家人准备饭菜。prepare...for...为……准备……，故选C。
15．explain解释；expect期待；realize意识到。根据上一句中的“something happened inside Bella”可知，她意识到她的父亲，同时也是一位丈夫，一定非常担心。故选C。
16．结合第二段最后两句可知Bella认为这很不公平，她为什么必须当大人，她本来不想做饭，所以她打算找个借口去见她的朋友。故选B。
17．manage设法做成。根据“Everything will be all right”可知，此处指“我们”能够想方设法渡过难关。故选A。
18．bring带来；keep保持；turn转动。根据语境及前面的“she saw a smile on her father’s face”可知，此处指给爸爸的脸上带来一丝微笑真是太好了，故选A。
19．refuse拒绝；control控制；support支持。根据下文“we’ll always be all right”可知，此处表示如果“我们”互相支持，“我们”就会好的。故选C。
20．句意：他们俩隔着桌子相视一笑。根据倒数第四段的第三句“At the moment, she saw a smile on her father’s face.”及语境可知，此处指Bella与爸爸相视一笑，此时的笑应为微笑，故选B。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题06.动词分类精讲
考点导图
一．动词的分类概述
类 别 意 义 例 句
实义 动词 含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。 They eat a lot of potatoes. 他们常吃土豆。 I’m reading an English book now.我现在正看一本英文书。
连系 动词 起到连系主语和表语的作用，像一纽带，把主语和表语“系”在一起。 His father is a teacher.他父亲是教师。 The teacher became very angry. 老师变得很生气。
助动词 本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词(原形)一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。 He is a student. Is he a student Yes,/No. He plays basketball. Plays he basketball. 助动词 Does he play basketball Does he plays basketball He doesn’t speak English. 他不说英语。 We are playing basketball. 我们在打篮球。 Do you have a brother 你有兄弟吗？ I haven’t seen you for a long time. 我好久没有见到你。
情态 动词 本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。 She can keep the books for two weeks. 这些书你能借两个星期。 May I smoke here 我可以在这儿抽烟吗？ We must go now. 我们现在必须走了。
二．实义动词
实义动词按其句法作用分为及物动词和不及物动词；按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1．及物动词和不及物动词
类别 说明 用法 例句
及物 动词 (vt.) 不能单独使用，后面必须加宾语，通常构成“主谓宾”句式结构 主语＋vt.＋宾语 He reached Beijing last night.他昨晚到达北京。
主语＋vt.＋宾语＋宾补 We call him Bill.我们叫他比尔。 The students always keep their classroom clean.学生们总是保持教室干净。
主语＋vt.＋间接宾语（人）＋ 直接宾语（物） May I ask you a question 我可以同你一个问题吗？
不及物 动词 (vi.) 可以单独使用， 后面可以加介词 组成动词短语 主语＋vi. Horses run fast.马跑得快。
主语＋vi.＋介词＋宾语 Please look at the blackboard and listen to me carefully.请看黑板，仔细听我说。
2．难点延续性动词和非延续性动词 难点
（1）延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，如：live，stay，study，work，keep，teach等。
We have lived in China since 2001.2001年以来，我们一直住在中国。
-How long may I keep the book？-这本书我可以借多久？
-You can keep it for two weeks.-你可以借两周。
（2）非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一发生便立即结束，如：buy，lend，borrow，die，begin，stop，finish，arrive，join，go，come，catch等。非延续性动词在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，如果和表示一段时间的状语连用，就要用其他词代替。
He arrived here five days ago.他五天前到这儿的。
He has been here for five days.他已经到这儿五天了。（这里不能用has arrived）
He bought the smartphone two months ago.他两个月前买的这部智能手机。
He has had the smartphone for two months.他买了这部智能手机两个月了。（这里不能用 has bought）
二、动词的基本形式
形式 构成 例词
动词原形 词典中一般给出的形式 be, have, do, learn
第三人称 单数形式 一般在动词后直接加 run-runs, think-thinks
以ch，sh，s，o，x结尾的动词后加 teach-leaches, wash-washes, go-goes, pass-passes, mix-mixes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词， study-studies, carry-carries
动词的 -ing形式 一般在动词后 read-reading, cook-cooking
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词， live-living, write-writing
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母， sit-sitting, begin-beginning
少数几个以ie结尾的动词 die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying
过去式和 过去分词 （规则变化） 一般在动词后直接加 work-worked, play-played
以字母e结尾的动词，直接加 invite-invited, promise-promised
以重读团音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母， stop-stopped, plan-planned
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词， carry-carried, study-studied
知识2 动词短语
一、同一动词型
1. come短语 come across 偶然遇见；偶然发现 come up with 想出；提出 come out 出版；出现 2. put短语 put out熄灭 put away 把......收起来 put up 张贴；举起；搭建 put on穿上；增加（体重）；上演 put off 推迟 3．look短语 look around 环顾四周 look after 照顾 look up抬头看；（在词典中）查阅 look up to 钦佩；仰慕 look over 仔细检查 look through 浏览；逐一查看 4．take短语 take on 呈现 take up 占用；开始从事 take down 写下；记下 take off脱下；起飞 take in 吸收；领会
5．give 短语 give up 放弃 give in 屈服 give out 分发 give away 捐赠 give off 发出（光、热等） 6．turn短语 turn on 打开 turn off 关掉 turn up 调高；出现 turn down 调低；拒绝 turn to 转向；求助于 7．get短语 get in 到达 get used to 习惯于（其中to为介词） get over 克服 get into 进入；参与；陷人 get on／off上／下（车、船、飞机等）
二、同一介词／副词型
1．about短语 care about关心；在意 hear about 听说 think about 思考；考虑 2．away短语 pass away 去世 go away 走开 throw away 扔掉；抛弃 stay away from 远离 3．back短语 come back回来；回忆起 bring back 使回想起；恢复 look back at 回顾 talk back 顶嘴 4．off短语 cut off 切除；切断 fall off 跌落 go off（警报器）响起 pay off偿清（欠款等） set off出发；动身 see off 送别 show off 炫耀
5．on短语 carry on 继续 depend on 取决于；依靠 go on继续；发生 hang on稍等；坚持不懈 hold on 抓住；坚持；等一等（别挂电话）
6．out短语 act out 实现，付诸行动 blow out 吹灭 break out爆发 bring out使显现；使表现出 run out 用光；用尽 find out 查明；弄清 hand out 分发 work out计算出；解出；想出 try out 试验 7．up短语 cut up 切碎 dress up 打扮 eat up 吃完 end up 最终成为 get up 起床 cheer up 使振作 pick up 捡起；拾起；开车接 grow up 长大 sit／stay up 熬夜 8．for短语 care for 照顾；关心 leave for 前往 look for 寻找 prepare for 为······做准备 stand for 代表
二.系动词
1.系动词的分类
系动词有一定的词义,但不完整,不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。
(1)表示状态的系动词
常见的有be(是),stay(保持),keep(保持),remain(保持不变),lie(保持……状态),stand(处于某种状态)。
The general cannot find a happy person and the king remains unhappy forever.
将军找不到一个快乐的人,国王就永远不开心。
Eating right to stay healthy.要饮食恰当以保持健康。
(2)表示感官、表象的系动词
常见的有look(看起来),feel(感觉,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),seem(看起来好像,似乎),appear(显得,看起来)。
That sounds good.那听起来好极了。
The food tasted better than it looked.这食物吃起来味道比看上去要好。
(3)表示转变和结果的系动词
常见的有become(变成),grow(变得),turn(变得),fall(变成),get(变得),go(变得)。
His face always turned red when he talked to girls.跟女孩谈话时他的脸总是变红。
The young should then look after their parents as they get older.父母老了之后,晚辈应该照顾他们。
(4)系动词也可跟不定式to do/to be
常见的有appear,seem,remain和prove等。
Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.去国外旅行对这对老夫妇当然有好处,但他们是否喜欢还有待于观察。
On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.在漫长的旅途中,彼得证明了自己是一位很有趣的导游。我们都过得很愉快。
2.系动词的用法
(1)系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时中,但是表示变化的系动词(如get,become,grow,turn和go)等可用于进行时态,表示逐渐变化的过程。
Spring is coming, and the days are getting longer and longer.春天来了,天变得越来越长了。
(2)在一般情况下,系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。如:
Be careful when you cross this very busy street.If not,you may get run over by a car.当你穿过这条繁忙的街道时要小心,否则你就可能被车撞到。
(3)常见的能跟名词作表语的系动词有be,become,appear,seem,prove,remain和turn等。如:
The population growth in China remains a problem.中国的人口增长还是个问题。
三.助动词
1.助动词do,does,did
(1)构成一般疑问句
Does she inform you when they will hold a meeting 她通知你他们什么时候开会了吗
Do you want a single or a return ticket 你要单程票还是往返票
(2)do,does,did+not构成否定句
Although he ran up against many difficulties, he did not lose heart.虽然他碰到了许多困难,但他并不气馁。
We do not know the value of health till we lose it.我们直到失去健康才知道它的可贵。
(3)构成否定祈使句。注意只用do,不用does或did
Do not keep asking me!别老是问我!
Do not touch the exhibits.请勿触摸展品。
(4)放在动词前,加强语气
I do remember the story.我的确记得这个故事。
I did go there.我确实去那儿了。
(5)用于倒装句
Never did he break his promise.他从不食言。
Only when he read the newspaper did he know the story.他看了报纸后才知道那则故事。
(6)用来代替动词(短语)
—Do you like singing 你喜欢唱歌吗
—Yes, I do.是的,喜欢。(do代替like singing)
He comes from Norway,doesn’t he 他是从挪威来的,对吗 (does代替come from)
2.助动词be
(1)be+现在分词,构成进行时。
One day while he was teaching, he suddenly fell onto his desk.那天他正在讲着课,突然扑倒在讲台上。
We are listening to a report.我们正在听一场报告。
(2)be+过去分词,构成被动语态。
The cup fell and was broken into pieces.茶杯掉了,摔成了碎片。
The boy was given an apple.有人给了那个男孩一个苹果。
3.助动词have,has,had
(1)have(has)+过去分词,构成现在完成时态。
How much have you borrowed from him 你向他借了多少钱
He has read many books on the subject.他看过许多关于这一主题的书。
(2)have/has+been+现在分词,构成现在完成进行时。
I have been reading Mark Twain’s works this week.本周我一直在读马克·吐温的作品。
(3)had+过去分词,构成过去完成时。
The teacher had just left the room when the boy started to make noise.老师刚离开教室那个男孩便开始吵闹起来。
(4)have/has/had+been+过去分词,构成完成时的被动语态。
They have been beaten by an outstanding team.他们已被一支优秀的球队击败。
The problem had been solved by the end of last month.问题在上月末解决了。
4.助动词shall和will,should和would
(1)shall/will+动词原形,表示一般将来时。shall用于第一人称,will用于各种人称。
When I see her, I shall give her your message.我见到她就把你的口信带给她。
We shall have a sports meeting next month.我们下个月要开运动会。
He will come here next week.他将在下周来访。
(2)助动词should和would
should/would+动词原形,表示过去将来时。should用于第一人称,would用于各种人称。如:
I telephoned my mother to ask what I should do the next day.我打电话给妈妈问她我第二天做什么。
I wanted to ask how I should send out the invites.我想来请教应该怎样发出邀请。
We wanted to know when he would finish the article.我们想知道他什么时候写完这篇文章。
助动词专项练习
1.学生们正在上课。The students　 　.
2.许多国家都讲英语。English 　 　in many countries.
3.自从他出生以来,他一直住在北京。He　 　in Beijing since he was born.
4.孩子们,务必安静点!Do 　 　,children!
5.今晚将有一场足球比赛。There　 　this evening.
6.杰克总是把房间保持得干净、整洁。Jack always　 　.
7.我可以问你个问题吗 May I　 　
8.孩子们正在放风筝。The children　 　.
9.他一生致力于教孩子们英语。He　 　teaching the children English.
四．情态动词
知识1 情态动词的基本用法
一、常见情态动词的含义及用法
1.can 重点
含义及用法 例句
表示能力，意为“能，会” Tom can swim well.汤姆游泳游得好。
表示请求、允许，意为“可以” Can I use your pen？我可以用一下你的钢笔吗？
否定形式为can’t，可表示能力，意为“不会，不能”；也可表示否定推测，语气强烈，意为“一定不，不可能” I can’t skate.我不会滑冰。 He can't be Mr.Wang because Mr. Wang has gone to Beijing.他不可能是王先生，因为王先生去北京了。
2.could
含义及用法 例句
表示过去的能力，意为“能，会”，其否定形式为couldn’t He could ride a bike when he was four.他四岁的时候就会骑自行车了。
在疑问句中表示委婉的请求 Could I have a piece of paper？我可以要一张纸吗？
3.must
含义及用法 例句
表示主观看法，意为“必须，一定”。 “Must I...？”句型的否定回答常用needn’t 或 don’t have to Don't be late for school. We must be on time.上学不要迟到。我们必须准时。 -Must I go home now -我现在必须回家吗？ -No, you needn't/don't have to.不，你不必。
表示非常有把握的肯定推测，意为“一定，肯定” -There's someone knocking on the door.-有人在敲门。 -It must be Jim.-肯定是吉姆。
否定形式为mustn’t，意为“一定不要，禁止” Little kids mustn't sit in the front seat of a car.小孩子禁止坐在小汽车的前座。
4.may
含义及用法 例句
表示请求、许可，意为“可以”。“May I...？”句型的否定回答常用can’t 或 mustn’t -May I come in -我可以进来吗？ -You may come in if you wish. /No, you can't/ mustn’t. -你想进来就进来吧。／不，你不能。
表示把握不大的推测，意为“有可能，也许” He may come tomorrow. 他明天可能会来。
5.might
含义及用法 例句
表示请求、许可，语气比may更委婉 Might I ask you a question 我可以问你一个问题吗？
表示推测，意为“有可能，也许”，可能性低于may，语气缓和，较委婉 She might go swimming. She likes swimming.她有可能去游泳了。她喜欢游泳。
6.need
含义及用法 例句
表示必要性，主要用于否定句或疑问句中 Need I stay here？ 我有必要留在这儿吗？
否定形式为needn’t，意为“不必，没有必要” You needn't come to school so early.你不必这么早来学校。
7.should
含义及用法 例句
表示要求和命令，也可以表示劝告或建议，意为“应该” We should eat healthy food.我们应该吃健康的食物。
表示征询意见，常用于疑问句中 Who should we ask？ 我们应该请教谁？
否定形式为shouldn’t，意为“不应该” You shouldn’t tell lies.你不应该撒谎。
8.shall
含义及用法 例句
表示请求或征求对方意见，多用于第一或第三人称，构成疑问句 Shall I open the window 我把窗户打开好吗？
表示决心、警告、命令，多用于第二人称 You shall not talk loudly at the cinema.你（们）不许在电影院内大声喧哗。
9.would
含义及用法 例句
表示说话人的意愿 I’d love a coffee.我想喝杯咖啡。
客气地建议或邀请 Would you like a sandwich？您来一个三明治吗？
用于第二人称，表示向对方提出请求 Would you tell me the way to the airport？你能告诉我去机场的路吗？
表示过去的习惯 He would take a walk after dinner.以前他晚饭后常常去散步。
10．have to（半情态动词）
含义及用法 例句
表示客观需要，意为“不得不” I have to stay at home, for my sister is ill.我不得不待在家里，因为我的妹妹生病了。
否定形式 don’t have to，意为“不必” You don't have to come if you don’t want to.如果你不想来，你就不必来。
二、以情态动词开头的一般疑问句的答语
一般情况下，用哪个情态动词提问就用哪个情态动词作答。但也有一些特殊情况，需结合具体语境判断。
1.“May I ...？”句型的否定回答常用can’t或mustn’t。
-May I play computer games now, Mum
-妈妈，我现在可以玩电脑游戏吗？
-No,you can't/mustn't.
-不，你不可以／禁止玩电脑游戏。
2.“Must I ...？”句型的否定回答常用 needn’t或 don’t have to。
-Must I finish my homework tonight
-我今晚必须完成我的作业吗？
-No,you needn't/don't have to.
-不，你不必。
3.“Could I ...？”句型的回答常用can或can’t。
-Need I leave so soon
-我有必要那么快就走吗？
-Yes,you must./ No,you needn't.
-是的，你必须赶快走。／不，你不必。
知识2 易混情态动词的用法辨析
1．can和may表可能性时的区别
（1）在肯定句中，常用may表示可能性。如：
You had better ask that policeman. He may know. 你最好问那个警察，他可能知道。
（2）在否定句中，cannot／can’t语气肯定，表示“不可能”；may not 语气不肯定，表示“可能不”。如：
Mr. Li can't be in the classroom. He has gone to Beijing.
李老师不可能在教室里，他去北京了。
-Is John coming by train
-约翰是坐火车来吗？
-He should, but he may not. He likes driving his car.
-他应该坐火车，但可能不坐。他喜欢开他的小汽车。
2．must和 have／has to的区别
must表示主观意愿，意为“必须”；have／has to强调客观需要，意为“必须，不得不”。如：
We must get together sometime.
我们一定要找个时间聚一下。
I have to clock in by eight.我必须八点前打卡上班。
3．can’t和mustn’t的区别
can’t表否定推测；mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”，不能用来表推测。如：
You've just had lunch. You can't be hungry now
你刚吃了午饭。你现在肯定不饿。
You mustn't smoke in the hospital.
你不能在医院里抽烟。
考点综合练
一．选择题
1．（2024·广西南宁·三模）You should take this medicine according to the instructions, even if it ________ bad.
A．sounds B．tastes C．feels
2．（2024·广西南宁·三模）—I want to take a look at that red dress.
—Good choice! It is beautiful and it ________ soft.
A．feels B．tastes C．smells
3．（2024·黑龙江·三模）“A country is truly prosperous (繁荣的) only when its people ________ prosperous,” said President Xi Jinping.
A．are B．is C．were
4．（2024·广西·二模）—What do you think of the song “Juvenile (少年)”
—It ______ lively. I like listening to it.
A．sounds B．tastes C．looks
5．（2024·广西柳州·三模）My sister likes the silk dress very much. It ________ very soft.
A．sounds B．feels C．tastes
6．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting and a reading day in our school.
A．is B．are C．have D．were
7．（2024·河北唐山·二模）My English ________ really poor before my teacher helped me.
A．is B．was C．has been D．will be
8．（2024·广西柳州·模拟预测）The dish smells delicious, but it ________ a little salty.
A．looks B．tastes C．feels
二、完成句子
1．（2024·广东广州·二模）随着中国文化的国际传播和全球交流的增加，越来越多的外国人对这一古老的艺术形式感兴趣。
With the increase of international communication and global exchange of Chinese culture, more and more foreigners this ancient art form.
2．（2024·贵州黔东南·二模）能歌善舞的苗族人民大部分居住在贵州。
The Miao people talented in singing and dancing mostly live in Guizhou Province.
3．（2024·贵州毕节·模拟预测）不要害羞，在课堂上大胆提问。
Don’t and ask questions bravely in class.
4．（2024·贵州黔东南·二模）我上了初中才习惯每天早上跑步。
I get used to running every morning I entered junior high school.
5．（2024·重庆渝中·三模）China sent the Shenzhou-18 up successfully on April 25th. (对划线部分提问)
China send the Shenzhou-18 up successfully
6．（2024·重庆江津·三模）My mother goes to work by bike every day. (对画线部分提问)
your mother go to work every day
7．（2024·四川达州·二模）He hurt himself when playing football yesterday. (改为否定句)
He himself when playing football yesterday.
8．（2024·重庆沙坪坝·一模）Mary worries about her success in the exam.（改为否定句）
Mary about her success in the exam.
9．（2024·重庆渝中·二模）Mark has to exercise for two hours every day.（改为否定句）
Mark to exercise for two hours every day.
10．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Why was the bigger knife used (改为主动语态)
Why people the bigger knife
三、从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，每词限用一次。
choose practise seem warn be prefer can sell look clean
1．According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people ________ their teeth with some tree branches.
2．There was a boy sitting in the corner of the room and he ________ sad.
3．He has ________ to study in a junior school near his home.
4．Mr. Li ______ his students not to play computer games too much. It's harmful to their study.
5．This book on places of interest in Henan ______ well in this bookshop.
6．Mr. Lin makes his students __________ speaking English for 20 minutes every day.
7．My aunt said she ______ play the piano when she was only six.
8．There is going to__ a football match this Sunday.
9．We must stop and ____ both ways before we cross the road.
10．Susan ________ to wear clothes which are made of cotton. She thinks they are comfortable.
三．完形填空
A
[2024湖南联考改编]Cui Chenxi, a 14-year-old skateboarder, became China’s youngest player who 1 the first place in the Asian Games in 2023. She won the women’s street game during the Asian Games in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. This gold medal（奖牌） means a lot to Cui Chenxi. She said, “This is the first time I have 2 the Asian Games, so it is very important. I really want to win this competition.”
When asked if she was nervous before the competition, she 3 her head and said, “No. My dad told me to stay relaxed and enjoy the competition. As long as I 4 my best, I have no regrets.”
Cui Chenxi 5 skateboarding when she was three years old. Cui said, “I clearly remember the day I 6 onto the board for the first time. It felt very smooth, and I fell in love with it at first sight.”
Most of the time, getting hurt is just part of this sport, and she just pushes through it and never 7 . Cui is the future of Team China!
1．A. lost B. won C. kept
2．A. taken part in B. taken off C. taken in
3．A. touched B. nodded C. shook
4．A. try B. learn C. pay
5．A. made up B. took up C. put up
6．A. stopped B. shopped C. stepped
7．A. goes over B. sets out C. gives up
B
When my sister Gina was born, she had a problem with her heart. She was weak after a long illness and had to go to the hospital very often. She had trouble walking, playing with other children, and going to school.
Our parents wanted to take Gina to a special place in Florida and hoped Gina could 8 with dolphins（海豚）. When Gina knew it, she was worried because she didn’t know whether it was easy to be around dolphins.
When we got to Florida, we couldn’t wait to 9 the place. Kids who had special needs like Gina could come and 10 time with dolphins. I thought it was going to be a vacation, but it wasn’t. Gina had to work hard every day for a week.
However, the trip was amazing. Gina 11 and clapped（鼓掌） when she saw the dolphins. One of the dolphins squeaked（尖叫） happily to 12 her. They swam together all day. Gina was able to move her body more than she usually did at home. Mum and Dad were proud of Gina. I was, too.
8．A. draw B. cook C. swim
9．A. clean B. invent C. visit
10．A. take B. spend C. pay
11．A. locked B. laughed C. escaped
12．A. hurt B. punish C. welcome
C
Bella arrived home late from school that day. When she walked past her mother’s room she found her mum was still in bed, and seemed to be very weak.
Bella entered her room and heard the cries from her little sister. She knew her dad would expect her to 13 her sister. And she also had to 14 meals for the whole family as her mum did before. Bella thought it was not fair because she also had schoolwork to do, just like everyone else in her class. Why did she have to be the grown-up
When she got out of the room, she saw her dad sitting at the kitchen table, lonely and tired. Suddenly, something happened inside Bella. She 15 that her father, as well as a husband, must be really worried.
Then she heard a deep voice from her father, “Make the dinner, will you, Bella ”
She was going to find an excuse to 16 her friends, but she stopped and said to herself, “It is a hard time for everyone in our family. I guess making meals is just what I can do to help.” Then she quietly went into the kitchen and began peeling（削） potatoes.
“OK, Daddy,” said Bella. “Everything will be all right and we can 17 .” At that moment, she saw a smile on her father’s face. She felt different—grown-up, somehow. It was really good to 18 a smile to her father’s face, even for only a moment.
“Daddy, whatever happens, we will be OK. Right ”
“Yes, we will. If we 19 each other, we’ll always be all right.”
They both 20 at each other over the table.
13．A. look for B. look after C. look over
14．A. play B. practice C. prepare
15．A. explained B. expected C. realized
16．A. take B. meet C. thank
17．A. manage B. decide C. forget
18．A. bring B. keep C. turn
19．A. refuse B. control C. support
20．A. laughed B. smiled C. saw
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