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专题08.非谓语动词精讲
考点导图
知识1 动词不定式 重点
一、动词不定式的构成
动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无意义，有时可以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留了动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
二、动词不定式的基本用法
动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
句法功能 例句
作主语 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语是不容易的。
作宾语 I want to ask him a question. 我想问他一个问题。 He is learning to swim.他在学习游泳。
作状语 He went to the library to borrow some books.他去图书馆借了几本书。 I’m glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。
作宾语 补足语 She asked me to speak louder. 她要求我更大声地说话。
作定语 They have no house to live in. 他们无房子可住。
1.作主语。
如：To see is to believe.眼见为实。
动词不定式作主语时，通常用it作形式主语，真正的不定式主语则被后置。常用句式有：
It + is + adj. (+ for/ of sb.) + to do sth. 。如：
It is important (for us) to learn English well.
（对于我们来说）学好英语很重要。
It is kind of you to help the old.
帮助老年人，你真是太好了！
（2）It takes sb. ＋一段时间＋to do sth．。如：
It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 每天步行上学花费我半个小时。
2.作宾语
（1）常用动词不定式作宾语的动词（词组）有：afford, agree, want, would like, hope, decide, wish, try, learn,
expect, begin, help, offer, start, fail, plan, promise, refuse等。如：
She is hoping to win the gold medal.
她希望赢得金牌。
She agreed to let me go early.她同意让我早走。
He decided to visit the family on Saturday evening.他决定星期六晚上去拜访这家人。
（2）当动词不定式作宾语，且后面带有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语，即动词不定式放在宾语补足语之后。如：
I found it difficult to find a job in the city.
我觉得在这座城市找份工作很难。
（3）动词不定式可以和what，which，when，where，how 等连用(what+ 疑问词)作宾语 。如：
Nobody told us what to do next.
没人告诉我们接下来做什么。
I don’t know where to go.我不知道去哪里。
3.作状语
（1）作状语表示目的时，可放在句首或句尾。如：
To learn English well, you must study hard every
day.为了学好英语，你必须每天努力学习。
He came here to ask for his book.
他来这儿要回他的书。
（2）用作结果状语时，常与enough或too连用。如：
He is old enough to go to school.
他年龄足够大可以去上学。
He is too young to go to school.
他年龄太小了不能去上学。
4.作宾语补足语
（1）常见后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise, allow, ask, encourage, expect, force, invite, order，require, want, warn, teach等。如：
We had to ask him to leave.我们不得不让他离开。
She was the first to encourage me to write.
她是第一个鼓励我写作的人。
Do your parents allow you to go to Jim's party
你的父母允许你去参加吉姆的派对吗？
（2）在动词help后面作宾语补足语的不定式，可以
带to，也可以不带to。如：
He often helps his parents (to) do housework on weekends. 他经常在周末帮助父母做家务。
注意
后面用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词记忆口诀：一感二听三让四看半帮助
一感（feel）、二听（hear，listen to）、三让（let，make，have）、四看（look at，see，watch，notice），半帮助（help）。
5．作定语
（1）动词不定式作定语时要后置。如：
I have some clothes to wash.
我有一些要洗的衣服。
（2）如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：
Please give me some paper to write on.
请给我一些纸来写。
I have no room to live in.我没有房间住。
注意
如果动词不定式修饰 time，place，way，不定式后面习惯上省略介词。
He has no place to live.他没有地方住。
（3）something／anything／nothing＋不定式。如：
I want something to drink.我想要一些喝的东西。
三、动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式由“not＋动词不定式”构成。如：
Tell him not to be late.告诉他别迟到。
Please tell your child not to play in the street.
请告诉你的孩子不要在街上玩耍。
I’d advise you not to tell him.我劝你别告诉他。
知识2 动词的-ing形式
一、动词的-ing形式的构成
1．肯定式：在动词原形后面加-ing构成，写作doing。
2．否定式：由“not＋动词的-ing形式”构成，写作not doing。
二、动词的-ing形式的基本用法
1．作主语
动词的-ing形式在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Swimming is good for health.游泳对健康有好处。
2．作宾语
（1）在动词 enjoy，practice，finish，mind，miss，keep，suggest，imagine，consider等后面作宾语。
He practices speaking English every day.
他每天练习说英语。
（2）在介词of，to，for，after，by等后面作宾语。
Anne is used to living in this city.
安妮习惯生活在这座城市。
After winning the prize she became famous overnight.她获奖后一夜成名。
Switch it on by pressing this button.
按下这个按钮启动它。
注意 后接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词（短语）记忆口诀：
完成练习值得忙（finish，practice，be worth，be busy）
继续习惯别放弃（keep on，be used to，give up）
考虑建议不禁想（consider，suggest，can’t help，feel like）
喜欢思念要介意（enjoy，miss，mind）
3．作定语
They found another hiding place.
他们找到了另外一个藏身之处。
They plan to build a highway leading into the
mountains.他们计划修一条公路通往山区。
4．作表语
His hobby is collecting stamps.
他的业余爱好是集邮。
It was exciting to listen to the story of his adventures.
听他的冒险故事很激动人心。
5．作状语
She was in the kitchen preparing supper.
她在厨房准备晚饭。
Travelling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.
我们坐吉普车旅行，参观了许多城市。
6．作宾语补足语
I see him passing my house every day.
我看见他天天从我家经过。
I can’t imagine Grandma riding a motorbike.
我想象不出奶奶骑摩托车的样子。
三．部分动词后接不定式与动词的-ing形式的区别
1.stop to do sth.停下来去做某事（事情未做）
stop doing sth.停止做某事（停止正在做的事情）
Stop to have a rest, please.请停下来休息会儿吧。
He stopped working.他停止了工作。
2.remember to do sth.记住要做某事（动作未发生）remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事（动作已发生）
Please remember to close the window when you leave the room.当你离开房间时，请记得关上窗户。
I remember closing the window when I left the room.我记得当我离开房间时，我关上了窗户。
3.forget to do sth.忘记做某事（动作未发生）
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（动作已发生）
I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。（作业没带来）
I forgot bringing my homework.我忘记已经把作业带来了。（作业带来了）
4.regret to do sth.对要做某事感到遗憾（未做）
regret doing sth.对做过某事感到后悔（已做）
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样做，但是我没有选择。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔告诉了她我的想法。
5.mean to do sth.打算／想做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
I meant to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但我父亲不肯让我去。
Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味着浪费时间。
知识3 动词的-ed形式（过去分词）
一、动词的-ed形式的用法
动词的-ed形式也叫过去分词，它除了可以与be 一起构成被动语态，与have／has一起构成现在完成时，还可以在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语。
1．作表语
We were delighted to receive your email.收到你的邮件我们很高兴。
2．作定语
She had a pleased look on her face.她脸上露出高兴的表情。
Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.突然出现了一位穿绿衣服的年轻女子。
3．作宾语补足语
We all wished the problem settled.
我们都希望这个问题得到解决。
4．作状语
Mr. Brown, deeply moved, thanked him again and again. 布朗先生深为感动，一再向他表示感谢。
二、动词的-ing形式与动词的-ed形式作定语和表语时的区别点 重点
1．作定语时，动词的-ing形式与被修饰词之间是主动关系，而动词的-ed形式与被修饰词之间是被动关系。
a moving story 一个感人的故事
the moved people 被感动的人
2．作表语时，动词的-ing形式与主语之间是主动关系，而动词的-ed形式与主语之间是被动关系。
The job was interesting.这份工作很有趣。
He was interested in the job.他对这份工作感兴趣。
考点综合练
一、从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，每词限用一次。
miss put repair write solve understand take attend keep laugh
1．Cathy enjoys ________ a problem by sharing it with her best friends.
2．In order not ________ the earliest flight, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.
3．My computer doesn't work again. I'll get it __________ as soon as possible.
4．Mike made faces to make his little brother ______.
5．________ healthy, we've got used to washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks.
6．I remember ________ my key into my bag, but now it's not there!
7．—Professor Wang will give us a talk on the history of Zhengzhou tomorrow.
—Really I look forward to ____________ it.
8．The book ________ by the famous writer has just come out.
9．We expect the world ________________ China better after more cultural communication.
10．He showed me a photo ______ on Mount Taishan. In the photo, I could hardly find him because there were so many people.
[答案]
1．solving2．to miss3．repaired4．laugh5．To keep6．putting7．attending8．written9．to understand10．taken
二.单句填空
1．[2024邵阳模拟]Instead of ________（eat） burgers and sandwiches so often, she ate salad every other day.
[答案]eating
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。instead of doing sth.代替做某事。
2．[2024湘西州一模]Body confidence is about ____________（accept） our bodies fully and understanding what they can do for us.
[答案]accepting
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。句意：身体自信是指充分接受我们的身体，并了解它们能为我们做什么。about为介词，后接动词的-ing形式。
3．[2024常德模拟]The boss told John ________（wait） a second, and he called Bobby to go and find anyone selling watermelons in the market.
[答案]to wait
[解析]考查动词不定式。此处指老板让约翰稍等片刻。tell sb. to do sth.意为“告诉某人做某事”，故填to wait。
4．[2024长沙明德模拟]It helped kill their neck and back pain after ________（work） for long hours at home while not requiring much effort, time and space.
[答案]working
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。设空处前为介词after，后接动词的-ing形式working。故填working。
5．[2024娄底二模]The 21-year-old girl has been teaching other students ______________（practice） for over three years.
[答案]to practice
[解析]考查动词不定式。此处指这位21岁的女孩已经教其他学生练习了三年多。teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事。故填to practice。
6．[2024长沙长郡二模]After ________（score） a goal, we certainly get a lot of satisfaction.
[答案]scoring
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。句意：在进球之后，我们肯定会感到非常满意。设空处前为介词after，后接动词的-ing形式scoring。故填scoring。
7．[2024张家界模拟]We need stricter laws ____________（protect） our river.
[答案]to protect
[解析]考查动词不定式。句意：我们需要更严格的法律来保护我们的河流。不定式表目的，故填to protect。
8．[2024长沙长郡二模]It also encourages young people ____________（achieve） their dreams.
[答案]to achieve
[解析]考查动词不定式。句意：它还鼓励年轻人实现他们的梦想。encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。故填to achieve。
9．[2023岳阳改编]My grandfather used to ______（watch） TV at home after dinner, but now he is used to ______（go） out for a walk.
[答案]watch；going
[解析]考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:我爷爷过去在晚饭后常在家看电视,但是现在他习惯（晚饭后）散步。used to do sth.过去常常做某事；be used to doing sth.习惯做某事。故答案为watch；going。
10．[2023怀化改编]Many people enjoy ________（make） zongzi by themselves on the Dragon Boat Festival.
[答案]making
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。句意:许多人喜欢在端午节时自己包粽子。enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事。故填making。
11．[2023常德改编]After some time, he was pleased ________（find） that the moon was in the bucket.
[答案]to find
[解析]考查动词不定式。be pleased to do sth.很高兴做某事。此处指他很高兴地发现月亮在桶里了。故填to find。
12．[2023郴州改编]—Are you going to read the book Journey to the West
—Yes. Our teacher expects us ________（read） such traditional Chinese books.
[答案]to read
[解析]考查动词不定式。句意:——你要读《西游记》这本书吗 ——是的。我们的老师要求我们阅读这样的中国传统书籍。expect sb. to do sth.要求/期待某人做某事。故填to read。
13．[2023邵阳改编]—Is Lucy in the classroom
—Yeah. She is still there watching Mr. Li ________（draw）.
[答案]drawing
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。根据语境可知,露西正在教室看着李先生画画,watch sb. doing sth.看着某人正在做某事。故填drawing。
14．[2023张家界改编]Besides, the teenagers enjoyed the festival by making lanterns. They used waste paper and other waste materials ________（make） lanterns.
[答案]to make
[解析]考查动词不定式。此处指用废纸和其他废料制作灯笼，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to make。
15．[2023株洲改编]Today, we must continue working ________（keep） our skies blue, waters clear and lands clean.
[答案]to keep
[解析]考查动词不定式。句意：今天，我们必须继续努力，维护我们的蓝天、碧水和净土。设空处应用动词不定式表目的。故填to keep。
16．[2022长沙]It took around 120 hours ____________（finish） this 3D-printed house.
[答案]to finish
[解析]考查动词不定式。句意：完成这座3D打印的房子花了大约120个小时。“It takes/took+时间段+to do sth.”表示“做某事花费多长时间”，动词不定式作主语，此处It为形式主语。故填to finish。
17．[2022岳阳改编]Many students practice ________（run） in the morning because of the P.E. exam.
[答案]running
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。practice doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“练习做某事”,故填running。
18．[2022郴州改编]Remember ______________（turn off） the light when you leave the classroom.
[答案]to turn off
[解析]考查动词不定式。句意:当你离开教室的时候记得关灯。remember to do sth.记得去做某事。故填to turn off。
19．[2022永州]I plan ________（send） a gift to my father tomorrow for Father’s Day.
[答案]to send
[解析]考查动词不定式。plan to do sth.计划做某事，为固定搭配，故填to send。
20．[2022永州]When playing in the hallways students should avoid ________（push） each other.
[答案]pushing
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。根据句意可知，在走廊玩耍的时候要避免互相推搡。avoid doing sth.避免做某事。故填pushing。
21．[2022株洲改编]____________（create） a shared future, we should learn from each other and help each other.
[答案]To create
[解析]考查动词不定式。句意:为了创造共享未来,我们应该互相学习并帮助彼此。空处需填动词不定式作目的状语,表示“为了”。句首单词首字母大写，故填To create。
22．[2021邵阳改编]—How can I improve my pronunciation, Madam
—Keep on ____________（practice） and you’ll make progress.
[答案]practicing
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。句意:——女士,怎样才能改进我的发音 ——坚持练习,你就会取得进步。keep on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”。故填practicing。
23．[2021怀化改编]The government asks people ________（put） the rubbish from their daily life in different groups.
[答案]to put
[解析]考查动词不定式。ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事。设空处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to put。
24．[2021衡阳]In order to remember Zu, some mathematicians suggest ________（call） pi（圆周率） “Zu Lv”.
[答案]calling
[解析]考查动词的-ing形式。句意：为了记住祖（冲之），一些数学家建议称pi为“祖率”。suggest doing sth.建议做某事。故填calling。
25．[2021岳阳改编]The socialist new countryside（社会主义新农村） makes farmers ________（improve） their living condition.
[答案]improve
[解析]考查动词不定式。句意:社会主义新农村改善了农民的生活条件。分析句子结构可知,此处动词makes后面接不带to的不定式充当宾语补足语。故填improve。
26．[2021郴州改编]Many university graduates go to work in the countryside ________（help） villagers live a better life.
[答案]to help
[解析]考查动词不定式。句意:为了帮助村民们过上更好的日子,许多大学毕业生到农村去工作。本空应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to help。
三.动词的非谓语形式填空
A
When he was 12, his parents died. He was alone and didn’t get on well with others. No one showed kindness to him. People always laughed at him. His only friend was a dog named Bobby. He gave his dog enough 1. （eat） and drink, but he was a little rude（粗鲁的） to it sometimes.
One day when he was going down the street, he saw a young lady 2. （walk） in front of him. Suddenly, one of her bags dropped（掉落） from her arms. As she stopped 3. （pick） it up, she dropped other bags. Jim came to help her. “Thank you, dear! You are a nice little boy!” the lady said kindly and politely, 4. （smile）.
[答案]1．to eat2．walking3．to pick4．smiling
[解析]
1．句意:他给他的狗足够的饮食，但他有时对它有点粗鲁。此处用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰代词enough。故填to eat。
2．see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事。故填walking。
3．stop doing sth.停止正在做的事情；stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事情。由语境可知，此处指停下来去捡自己的包，此处为不定式作目的状语,故填to pick。
4．空处应用动词的非谓语形式作伴随状语，smile与其主语the lady之间为主动关系，故用动词的-ing形式。故填smiling。
B
This summer, when I walked into my grandparents’ house with my little brother Frank, I tried not 5. （look） at Grandpa’s chair anyway. It still looked the same. His blue blanket was there, as if Grandpa was going to pull it over his legs. My cousin Jack was playing in the yard as if nothing had happened. “Let’s go to catch fish!” Jack carried out the fish net from the corner, Grandpa’s net.
Last summer, I was holding the net when Grandpa asked me whether I could help him teach Frank how 6. （play） chess. I said no because I wanted 7. （catch） fish. Grandpa had been the one who’d taught us how to catch fish, but then the illness made him 8. （stay） behind.
I regretted 9. （say） no to Grandpa, and now I wouldn’t have a chance 10. （play） chess with him.
[答案]5．to look6．to play7．to catch8．stay9．saying10．to play
[解析]
5．try to do sth.努力去做某事；try doing sth.试着去做某事。由语境可知此处表示“我”努力不去看爷爷的椅子，应用不定式。故填to look。
6．“疑问词（除了why）+to do sth.”为固定用法。此处表示教弗兰克怎么下棋，应用不定式，此时“how+不定式”和Frank一起作teach的宾语。故填to play。
7．want to do sth.为固定结构,故填to catch。
8．在使役动词make、let等后，只能用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填stay。
9．句意:我后悔对爷爷说不，现在我没有机会和他下棋了。regret doing sth.后悔做过某事。故填saying。
10．have a chance to do sth.表示“有机会做某事”，动词不定式作后置定语。故填to play。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题08.非谓语动词精讲
考点导图
知识1 动词不定式 重点
一、动词不定式的构成
动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无意义，有时可以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留了动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
二、动词不定式的基本用法
动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
句法功能 例句
作主语 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语是不容易的。
作宾语 I want to ask him a question. 我想问他一个问题。 He is learning to swim.他在学习游泳。
作状语 He went to the library to borrow some books.他去图书馆借了几本书。 I’m glad to see you.见到你我很高兴。
作宾语 补足语 She asked me to speak louder. 她要求我更大声地说话。
作定语 They have no house to live in. 他们无房子可住。
1.作主语。
如：To see is to believe.眼见为实。
动词不定式作主语时，通常用it作形式主语，真正的不定式主语则被后置。常用句式有：
It + is + adj. (+ for/ of sb.) + to do sth. 。如：
It is important (for us) to learn English well.
（对于我们来说）学好英语很重要。
It is kind of you to help the old.
帮助老年人，你真是太好了！
（2）It takes sb. ＋一段时间＋to do sth．。如：
It takes me half an hour to walk to school every day. 每天步行上学花费我半个小时。
2.作宾语
（1）常用动词不定式作宾语的动词（词组）有：afford, agree, want, would like, hope, decide, wish, try, learn,
expect, begin, help, offer, start, fail, plan, promise, refuse等。如：
She is hoping to win the gold medal.
她希望赢得金牌。
She agreed to let me go early.她同意让我早走。
He decided to visit the family on Saturday evening.他决定星期六晚上去拜访这家人。
（2）当动词不定式作宾语，且后面带有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语，即动词不定式放在宾语补足语之后。如：
I found it difficult to find a job in the city.
我觉得在这座城市找份工作很难。
（3）动词不定式可以和what，which，when，where，how 等连用(what+ 疑问词)作宾语 。如：
Nobody told us what to do next.
没人告诉我们接下来做什么。
I don’t know where to go.我不知道去哪里。
3.作状语
（1）作状语表示目的时，可放在句首或句尾。如：
To learn English well, you must study hard every
day.为了学好英语，你必须每天努力学习。
He came here to ask for his book.
他来这儿要回他的书。
（2）用作结果状语时，常与enough或too连用。如：
He is old enough to go to school.
他年龄足够大可以去上学。
He is too young to go to school.
他年龄太小了不能去上学。
4.作宾语补足语
（1）常见后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise, allow, ask, encourage, expect, force, invite, order，require, want, warn, teach等。如：
We had to ask him to leave.我们不得不让他离开。
She was the first to encourage me to write.
她是第一个鼓励我写作的人。
Do your parents allow you to go to Jim's party
你的父母允许你去参加吉姆的派对吗？
（2）在动词help后面作宾语补足语的不定式，可以
带to，也可以不带to。如：
He often helps his parents (to) do housework on weekends. 他经常在周末帮助父母做家务。
注意
后面用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词记忆口诀：一感二听三让四看半帮助
一感（feel）、二听（hear，listen to）、三让（let，make，have）、四看（look at，see，watch，notice），半帮助（help）。
5．作定语
（1）动词不定式作定语时要后置。如：
I have some clothes to wash.
我有一些要洗的衣服。
（2）如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：
Please give me some paper to write on.
请给我一些纸来写。
I have no room to live in.我没有房间住。
注意
如果动词不定式修饰 time，place，way，不定式后面习惯上省略介词。
He has no place to live.他没有地方住。
（3）something／anything／nothing＋不定式。如：
I want something to drink.我想要一些喝的东西。
三、动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式由“not＋动词不定式”构成。如：
Tell him not to be late.告诉他别迟到。
Please tell your child not to play in the street.
请告诉你的孩子不要在街上玩耍。
I’d advise you not to tell him.我劝你别告诉他。
知识2 动词的-ing形式
一、动词的-ing形式的构成
1．肯定式：在动词原形后面加-ing构成，写作doing。
2．否定式：由“not＋动词的-ing形式”构成，写作not doing。
二、动词的-ing形式的基本用法
1．作主语
动词的-ing形式在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Swimming is good for health.游泳对健康有好处。
2．作宾语
（1）在动词 enjoy，practice，finish，mind，miss，keep，suggest，imagine，consider等后面作宾语。
He practices speaking English every day.
他每天练习说英语。
（2）在介词of，to，for，after，by等后面作宾语。
Anne is used to living in this city.
安妮习惯生活在这座城市。
After winning the prize she became famous overnight.她获奖后一夜成名。
Switch it on by pressing this button.
按下这个按钮启动它。
注意 后接动词的-ing形式作宾语的动词（短语）记忆口诀：
完成练习值得忙（finish，practice，be worth，be busy）
继续习惯别放弃（keep on，be used to，give up）
考虑建议不禁想（consider，suggest，can’t help，feel like）
喜欢思念要介意（enjoy，miss，mind）
3．作定语
They found another hiding place.
他们找到了另外一个藏身之处。
They plan to build a highway leading into the
mountains.他们计划修一条公路通往山区。
4．作表语
His hobby is collecting stamps.
他的业余爱好是集邮。
It was exciting to listen to the story of his adventures.
听他的冒险故事很激动人心。
5．作状语
She was in the kitchen preparing supper.
她在厨房准备晚饭。
Travelling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.
我们坐吉普车旅行，参观了许多城市。
6．作宾语补足语
I see him passing my house every day.
我看见他天天从我家经过。
I can’t imagine Grandma riding a motorbike.
我想象不出奶奶骑摩托车的样子。
三．部分动词后接不定式与动词的-ing形式的区别
1.stop to do sth.停下来去做某事（事情未做）
stop doing sth.停止做某事（停止正在做的事情）
Stop to have a rest, please.请停下来休息会儿吧。
He stopped working.他停止了工作。
2.remember to do sth.记住要做某事（动作未发生）remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事（动作已发生）
Please remember to close the window when you leave the room.当你离开房间时，请记得关上窗户。
I remember closing the window when I left the room.我记得当我离开房间时，我关上了窗户。
3.forget to do sth.忘记做某事（动作未发生）
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（动作已发生）
I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。（作业没带来）
I forgot bringing my homework.我忘记已经把作业带来了。（作业带来了）
4.regret to do sth.对要做某事感到遗憾（未做）
regret doing sth.对做过某事感到后悔（已做）
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样做，但是我没有选择。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔告诉了她我的想法。
5.mean to do sth.打算／想做某事
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
I meant to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但我父亲不肯让我去。
Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味着浪费时间。
知识3 动词的-ed形式（过去分词）
一、动词的-ed形式的用法
动词的-ed形式也叫过去分词，它除了可以与be 一起构成被动语态，与have／has一起构成现在完成时，还可以在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语。
1．作表语
We were delighted to receive your email.收到你的邮件我们很高兴。
2．作定语
She had a pleased look on her face.她脸上露出高兴的表情。
Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed in green.突然出现了一位穿绿衣服的年轻女子。
3．作宾语补足语
We all wished the problem settled.
我们都希望这个问题得到解决。
4．作状语
Mr. Brown, deeply moved, thanked him again and again. 布朗先生深为感动，一再向他表示感谢。
二、动词的-ing形式与动词的-ed形式作定语和表语时的区别点 重点
1．作定语时，动词的-ing形式与被修饰词之间是主动关系，而动词的-ed形式与被修饰词之间是被动关系。
a moving story 一个感人的故事
the moved people 被感动的人
2．作表语时，动词的-ing形式与主语之间是主动关系，而动词的-ed形式与主语之间是被动关系。
The job was interesting.这份工作很有趣。
He was interested in the job.他对这份工作感兴趣。
考点综合练
一、从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，每词限用一次。
miss put repair write solve understand take attend keep laugh
1．Cathy enjoys ________ a problem by sharing it with her best friends.
2．In order not ________ the earliest flight, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.
3．My computer doesn't work again. I'll get it __________ as soon as possible.
4．Mike made faces to make his little brother ______.
5．________ healthy, we've got used to washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks.
6．I remember ________ my key into my bag, but now it's not there!
7．—Professor Wang will give us a talk on the history of Zhengzhou tomorrow.
—Really I look forward to ____________ it.
8．The book ________ by the famous writer has just come out.
9．We expect the world ________________ China better after more cultural communication.
10．He showed me a photo ______ on Mount Taishan. In the photo, I could hardly find him because there were so many people.
二.单句填空
1．[2024邵阳模拟]Instead of ________（eat） burgers and sandwiches so often, she ate salad every other day.
2．[2024湘西州一模]Body confidence is about ____________（accept） our bodies fully and understanding what they can do for us.
3．[2024常德模拟]The boss told John ________（wait） a second, and he called Bobby to go and find anyone selling watermelons in the market.
4．[2024长沙明德模拟]It helped kill their neck and back pain after ________（work） for long hours at home while not requiring much effort, time and space.
5．[2024娄底二模]The 21-year-old girl has been teaching other students ______________（practice） for over three years.
6．[2024长沙长郡二模]After ________（score） a goal, we certainly get a lot of satisfaction.
7．[2024张家界模拟]We need stricter laws ____________（protect） our river.
8．[2024长沙长郡二模]It also encourages young people ____________（achieve） their dreams.
9．[2023岳阳改编]My grandfather used to ______（watch） TV at home after dinner, but now he is used to ______（go） out for a walk.
10．[2023怀化改编]Many people enjoy ________（make） zongzi by themselves on the Dragon Boat Festival.
11．[2023常德改编]After some time, he was pleased ________（find） that the moon was in the bucket.
12．[2023郴州改编]—Are you going to read the book Journey to the West
—Yes. Our teacher expects us ________（read） such traditional Chinese books.
13．[2023邵阳改编]—Is Lucy in the classroom
—Yeah. She is still there watching Mr. Li ________（draw）.
14．[2023张家界改编]Besides, the teenagers enjoyed the festival by making lanterns. They used waste paper and other waste materials ________（make） lanterns.
15．[2023株洲改编]Today, we must continue working ________（keep） our skies blue, waters clear and lands clean.
16．[2022长沙]It took around 120 hours ____________（finish） this 3D-printed house.
17．[2022岳阳改编]Many students practice ________（run） in the morning because of the P.E. exam.
18．[2022郴州改编]Remember ______________（turn off） the light when you leave the classroom.
19．[2022永州]I plan ________（send） a gift to my father tomorrow for Father’s Day.
20．[2022永州]When playing in the hallways students should avoid ________（push） each other.
21．[2022株洲改编]____________（create） a shared future, we should learn from each other and help each other.
22．[2021邵阳改编]—How can I improve my pronunciation, Madam
—Keep on ____________（practice） and you’ll make progress.
23．[2021怀化改编]The government asks people ________（put） the rubbish from their daily life in different groups.
24．[2021衡阳]In order to remember Zu, some mathematicians suggest ________（call） pi（圆周率） “Zu Lv”.
25．[2021岳阳改编]The socialist new countryside（社会主义新农村） makes farmers ________（improve） their living condition.
26．[2021郴州改编]Many university graduates go to work in the countryside ________（help） villagers live a better life.
三.动词的非谓语形式填空
A
When he was 12, his parents died. He was alone and didn’t get on well with others. No one showed kindness to him. People always laughed at him. His only friend was a dog named Bobby. He gave his dog enough 1. （eat） and drink, but he was a little rude（粗鲁的） to it sometimes.
One day when he was going down the street, he saw a young lady 2. （walk） in front of him. Suddenly, one of her bags dropped（掉落） from her arms. As she stopped 3. （pick） it up, she dropped other bags. Jim came to help her. “Thank you, dear! You are a nice little boy!” the lady said kindly and politely, 4. （smile）.
B
This summer, when I walked into my grandparents’ house with my little brother Frank, I tried not 5. （look） at Grandpa’s chair anyway. It still looked the same. His blue blanket was there, as if Grandpa was going to pull it over his legs. My cousin Jack was playing in the yard as if nothing had happened. “Let’s go to catch fish!” Jack carried out the fish net from the corner, Grandpa’s net.
Last summer, I was holding the net when Grandpa asked me whether I could help him teach Frank how 6. （play） chess. I said no because I wanted 7. （catch） fish. Grandpa had been the one who’d taught us how to catch fish, but then the illness made him 8. （stay） behind.
I regretted 9. （say） no to Grandpa, and now I wouldn’t have a chance 10. （play） chess with him.
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