资源简介 专题12.句子种类、简单句和主谓一致精讲考点导图知识1 简单句的基本句型一、句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分,即主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语(主谓宾表定状补)。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。1.主语(The Subject)表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”,一般由名词、代词或动词的-ing形式等充当。Lucy is an American girl.露西是个美国女孩。She often goes to the movies.她经常去看电影。2.谓语(The Predicate)说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分主要的词)用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。We are both quiet.我们都很安静。He has a toothache.他牙疼。His parents teach math.他父母教数学。3.表语(The Predicative)说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式或动词的-ing形式等充当,和系动词一起构成谓语。Her mother is a bank clerk.她妈妈是银行职员。Are you ready?你准备好了吗?We were at home last night.我们昨晚在家。It tastes great.它尝起来好极了。4.宾语(The Object)表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当,和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。Let me tell you what he is like.让我告诉你他是什么样的人。He’s playing soccer.他在踢足球。Can I ask some questions?我可以问些问题吗?5.宾语补足语(The Object Complement)用来补足宾语意义,一般置于宾语之后,由名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语等充当。I found the book very interesting.我觉得这本书很有趣。My mother wants me to drink it.我妈妈想让我喝了它。6.定语(The Attribute)用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外,还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。Peel three bananas.剥三根香蕉。What’s your name,please?请问你叫什么名字?She’s a good basketball player.她是个优秀的篮球运动员。7.状语(The Adverbial)用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等充当。I like it very much.我非常喜欢它。It was raining hard at that time.那个时候正下着大雨。Hong Kong is not very cold in winter.冬天香港不太冷。二、五种基本句型类型 说明 例句主语+不及物动词 (SV) 谓语动词为不及物动词,其后可接状语 We worked in a factory.我们在一家工厂工作。主语+及物动词+ 宾语 (SVO) 谓语动词为及物动词,必须跟宾语 (动作的承受者)意义才完整 He plays the piano every day.他每天弹钢琴。主语+系动词+表语(SP) 常见的系动词有:be, keep, stay, look,feel,smell,taste,sound,become, get,turn等 I am in Class 2.我在2班。 You should keep healthy.你应该保持健康。 It sounds great.它听起来不错。 He became a scientist.他成了一名科学家。主语+及物动词+间接宾语+ 直接宾语(SVOO) 谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。常用这种句型的动词有:bring,show, pass, tell,offer,buy,make,cook,give Please pass me the book.请把这本书递给我。 They offered him a good job.他们给他提供了一份好工作。主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 (SVOC) 宾语补足语对宾语的动作、身份、状态、特征等进行补充说明 You can call the cat Mimi.你可以叫那只猫咪咪。 I saw him go out of the classroom.我看到他走出了教室。三、There be 句型(也叫存现句)1.“There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时”结构表示“某地或某时有某物或某人”。如:There are two glasses of water on the table.桌子上有两杯水。There is a good movie on TV tonight.今天晚上电视上有一部好电影。2.There be句型中的be(is/are)和后面所跟的名词在数方面保持一致。如:There is a supermarket on that road.那条路上有一家超市。There are two boys at the school gate.学校门口有两个男孩。There is some ice on the lake.湖上有些冰。3.有并列主语的情况下,根据第一个主语部分的单复数来确定动词be的形式。如:There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两本书。There are two boys and a girl in the room.房间里有两个男孩和一个女孩。4.There be 句型的一般将来时为:There will be/There is/are going to be+主语(+时间/地点)。如:Look at the dark cloud! There is going to be heavy rain.看那乌云!快要下大雨了。知识2 句子种类 重点一、陈述句陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法,有肯定和否定两种形式,句末用句号,读降调。1.肯定式:主语+谓语+其他。如:That boy often helps others.那个男孩经常帮助别人。2.否定式:(1)谓语部分含有be动词、助动词、情态动词的,否定形式为在它们后面直接加not。如:Jim isn’t playing football.吉姆没在踢足球。Man can't live without water.没有水,人类不能生存。(2)谓语部分只有实义动词的,其否定形式为在主语和谓语动词之间加 don’t/doesn’t/didn’t,谓语动词用原形。如:They didn’t play the guitar yesterday.他们昨天没有弹吉他。二、疑问句1.一般疑问句一般疑问句是在句子中用提问的方式提供一些信息,要求对方用Yes或No回答的疑问句。陈述句变一般疑问句时,如果谓语部分含有be动词、情态动词或助动词,通常将它们直接移到句首;如果句子中没有上述动词,只有实义动词,则要根据相应的人称和时态,在句首加Do/Does/Did,主语后面的谓语动词用原形。如:She lives in Beijing.她住在北京。→-Does she live in Beijing?-她住在北京吗?-Yes, she does. /No, she doesn't.-是的,她住在北京。/不,她不住在北京。2.特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导的以寻求信息为目的的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组:(1)疑问代词有:what(什么),who(谁),which(哪一个,哪些),whose(谁的),whom(who 的宾格“谁”)。如:-Who is your teacher?-谁是你的老师?-Miss Gao is my teacher.-高老师是我的老师。(2)疑问副词有:when(何时),where(何地),why(为什么)和how(怎样)。如:-When did you come here -你是什么时候来到这儿的?-In 2005.-2005年。(3)疑问词组:how soon(多久以后),how long(多长时间,多长长度),how often(多久一次),how far(多远)等。-How soon will the concert begin -再过多久音乐会开始?-In twenty minutes.-二十分钟后。-How long have you lived here -你住在这儿多长时间了?-For five years.-五年了。-How often do you have an English party -你们多久举行一次英语聚会?-Once a month.-一个月一次。-How far do you live from your school -你住的地方离学校有多远?-About ten minutes’ walk.-步行大约十分钟。3.选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句中的两种或两种以上的情况用or连接,回答时不用yes或no,而要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。语调一般是前升后降。选择疑问句有两种结构:(1)“一般疑问句+or+被选择部分?”。如:-Do you like apples or pears -你喜欢苹果还是梨?-I like pears.-我喜欢梨。(2)“特殊疑问句,A or B?”。如:-Which would you like better, tea or coffee -你更喜欢哪种,茶还是咖啡?-I like coffee better.-我更喜欢咖啡。三、祈使句1.祈使句的功能祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、号召或劝说、警告等。第二人称主语you通常省略,谓语动词用原形。2.祈使句的基本结构类别 肯定句 否定句Do型 Do(原形)+... Don’t do(原形)+...Read English aloud! Don’t talk in class!Be型 Be+adj. Don’t + be +adj.Be quiet! Don’t be late again!Let 型 Let sb.+do... Let sb.+ not do...Let me help you. Let him not talk in class.No/Never 型 —— No+doing/n.禁止······· Never + do (原形)+...永远不要······—— No smoking. (= Don’t smoke.) Never give up!四、感叹句 重点类别 结构 例句what 构成的感叹句 What + a/ an + 形容词+可数名词的单数形式 (+主语+谓语)! What a beautiful girl(she is)! (她是一个)多么漂亮的女孩啊!What+形容词+可数名词的复 数形式(+主语+谓语)! What important jobs (they have done)! (他们做了)多么重要的工作啊!What+形容+不可数名词 (+主语+谓语)! What good news (it is)!(这是)多好的 消息啊!how构成的感叹句 How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)! How delicious (the noodles are)! (面条)多么美味啊!How+形容词+ a/an+可数名词的单数(+主语+谓语)! How useful a subject (it is)! (这是)多么有用的一门学科啊!How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 时间过得真快啊!知识3 主谓一致 难点一、语法一致原则主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也用复数形式。1.当and或both... and...连接并列主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。2.复合不定代词 anyone,anything,someone,something,everybody,everything,nobody,nothing 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Is there anything wrong with your bike 你的自行车出什么故障了吗?3.动词不定式或动词的-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Reading is learning.读书就是学习。4.“A+with/along with/together with/as well”结构作主语时,谓语动词的数由前面的A的单复数形式决定。如:Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的夫人及两个女儿一起来北京。二、意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。类别 谓语动 词形式 例句由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同一人(and 后面无冠词) 单数形式 The singer and dancer has been invited to the party. 那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加聚会了。表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词或词组作主语时,一般看作一个整体 单数形式 Three years is a long time. 三年是一段很长的时间。集体名词,如 family,team,class 等作主语 表示整体概念 单数形式 His family is going to move.他家要搬走了。表示各个成员 复数形式 His family are all eating.他全家人都在吃饭。police,cattle 等名词作主语时 复数形式 The police are helping a girl look for her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找她的妈妈。三、就近一致原则就近一致原则是指谓语动词的数要与和它紧邻的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。1.either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also) ..., not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与离它较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不仅是我父母,我也盼望看到我叔叔。2.There be 句型中的be动词常与离它近的主语在数上保持一致。如:There is a table and three chairs in Tom's room.在汤姆的房间有一张桌子和三把椅子。考点综合练一.单句填空1.[2024长沙明德一模改编]“ do you come back so late And what’s wrong with your leg ” asked the woman. “Didn’t you take the bus ”[答案]Why[解析]考查疑问句。根据“what’s wrong with your leg”和“Didn’t you take the bus ”可知,这里问为什么这么晚才回来。故填Why。2.[2024常德模拟]“ a simple idea it is! How easy it is to get started!” said one Weibo user.[答案]What[解析]考查感叹句。空处所在句是感叹句,句子结构符合“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”句式。故填What。3.[2024吉林长春改编]—There many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best —On the Stork Tower by Wang Zhihuan.[答案]are[解析]考查主谓一致和存现句。句意:——这本书中有许多中国古诗。你最喜欢哪一首 ——王之涣写的《登鹳雀楼》。由“Which one do you like best ”可知,本句应用一般现在时。本句为There be句型,主语 many ancient Chinese poems为复数,谓语动词应用are。4.[2023株洲改编] a beautiful day! Let’s take a walk by the lake.[答案]What[解析]考查感叹句。句意:多么美好的一天!让我们在湖边散步吧。由句末的感叹号可知,应为感叹句。该句符合感叹句结构“What a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!”。故填What。5.[2023郴州一模改编]—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need washing.—Don’t worry. Thirty minutes enough.[答案]is[解析]考查主谓一致。Thirty minutes在此题中应看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,故填is。6.[2023常德二模]— of the two subjects do you like, art or music —Both. They are really interesting.[答案]Which[解析]考查疑问句。根据空后的of the two subjects和art or music可知,这里询问喜欢哪一个,应用which来提问,句首单词首字母需大写。故填Which。7.[2023邵阳二模]—Many cities in China are now offering teenage girls free HPV vaccines(疫苗).— great news![答案]What[解析]考查感叹句。中心词news是不可数名词,根据感叹句的结构“What+形容词+不可数名词!”可知答案为What。8.[2023永州二模] (not) make loud noises in class![答案]Don’t[解析]考查祈使句。句意:不要在班级制造噪声。此处是祈使句的否定形式,应以“Don’t+动词原形”开头。故答案为Don’t。9.[2023永州三模]Neither his family nor he (know) anything about it.[答案]knows[解析]考查主谓一致。句意:他的家人和他都不知道这件事。Neither...nor...连接两个主语,谓语动词应与和它最近的主语he在人称和数上保持一致,也就是“就近原则”。故答案为knows。10.[2023常德二模] time flies! We’ll graduate from junior middle school only in a month.[答案]How[解析]考查感叹句。根据感叹句结构“How+主语+谓语!”可知,填How。11.[2022常德] a difference a day makes! My family decided to stay at the hotel.[答案]What[解析]考查感叹句。中心词是a difference,感叹句的引导词应用what,注意句首单词首字母大写,故填What。12.[2022邵阳改编]—A pandemic(疫情) broke out in Shaoyang last month.—Yeah. were so many doctors and nurses coming to help us.[答案]There[解析]考查存现句。句意:——上个月,一场疫情在邵阳暴发了。——是的。有许多医生和护士来帮助我们。There be句型表示“有”。13.[2022郴州改编]—Look! Jeff is helping a blind man cross the road.— helpful he is! We should learn from him.[答案]How[解析]考查感叹句。该句符合“How+形容词+主语+谓语!”结构。故填How。14.[2022株洲改编] lovely Bing Dwen Dwen is! Everyone wants to have one.[答案]How[解析]考查感叹句。句意:冰墩墩多么可爱啊! 每个人都想拥有一个。该句符合“How+形容词+主语+谓语!”结构。15.[2022岳阳模拟]On the right of the teaching building (be) the library. There (be) many books and computers in it.[答案]is;are[解析]考查主谓一致和存现句。句意:教学楼的右边是图书馆。那里面有很多书和电脑。第一个空所在句的主语为the library,这里表示客观事实,应用一般现在时,谓语应用is;第二个空所在句是There be句型,遵循“就近原则”,many books为复数,谓语动词用are。故填is;are。16.[2021常德]—Oh, my god! is Wang Feng now The football match is starting soon.—He may be in the library. He often reads at this time.[答案]Where[解析]考查疑问句。根据答语“He may be in the library.”可知这里提问地点。故填Where。17.[2021邵阳改编]— a funny thing it is to go to Mount Lang after the graduation examination!—Yes. Let’s go together.[答案]What[解析]考查感叹句。句意:——毕业考试之后去崀山是一件多么有趣的事情啊!——是的。我们一起去吧。根据感叹句结构“What a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+其他)!”可知,此处用what引导感叹句,注意句首字母大写,故填What。18.[2021常德] clever the boy is! He just won first prize in Super Brain.[答案]How[解析]考查感叹句。句意:多么聪明的男孩!他刚在《最强大脑》获得一等奖。根据感叹句结构“How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!”可知答案为How。二、根据语境或用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.There a lot to see in the museum for visitors who are interested in Chinese culture.[答案]is2.A journey of a thousand li ________(begin) with a single step.[答案]begins3.Lily, as well as other students, (have) learned how to type.[答案]has4.Neither Lily nor her parents (be) outdoors when the rainstorm came.[答案]were5.Xu Mengtao won the 2022 Touching China award. Never giving up (be) the key to her success.[答案]is6.—The pen can translate what you write down into English.— an interesting invention![答案]What7.______(spend) less time on the phone at night, or you will find it hard to fall asleep.[答案]Spend8.— can you see from the London Eye —On a clear day, most of London.[答案]What9.This is my good friend, Lucy. Not only she but also I (be) good at recycling. We often make some toys out of waste.[答案]am10.There some good advice and ways about how to use the Internet correctly and wisely.[答案]is三.语法填空A“1. (not) let her go! Hold her! Ah... ah!”There 2. (be) the sound of a dog yelping(尖叫). Otchumyelov looks in the direction of the sound and sees a dog running out of a yard. A man is running after her, and finally catches her. Soon, a crowd is gathering round the yard. “3. is it all about ” Otchumyelov asks.“I was just walking along here, your honour, and this little beast for no reason bit my finger...”“4. a bad dog!” says Otchumyelov, raising his eyebrows(眉毛).“5. dog is it I won’t let this pass! I must give the owner a lesson!”[答案]1.Don’t2.is3.What4.What5.Whose[解析]1.根据句意可知,空处所在句是祈使句,且表否定,空处位于句首,首字母大写。故填Don’t。2.此处指有狗的叫声。There be句型遵循就近原则,sound为不可数名词或名词单数形式,又由下句可知时态为一般现在时,故填is。3.由下段内容可知,有人讲述了刚才发生了什么,所以这里询问发生了什么。“What is it all about ”表示“这是怎么回事 ”。故填What。4.根据感叹句的结构“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!”可知,填What。5.由后文“I must give the owner a lesson!”可知,此处在询问这是谁的狗。故填Whose。BOne day, Helen shouts, “Roger, come and 6. (look) at the egg! It’s cracking(裂开).” Slowly a long beak(喙) appears. They are unsure what it is.Dad checks on the computer, “Hey, look! It’s a pterodactyl(翼指龙).”“7. is a pterodactyl ” the children ask. “It’s a type of dinosaur. Pterodactyls can fly,” says Dad.Then Helen names it Dacty.A month later, he grows up. But there 8. (be) something wrong with his wings. “My room is too small and Dacty keeps banging(碰撞) his wings on the walls. I feel sorry for him,” says Helen. Finally, they take Dacty to a vet(兽医). Two weeks later, Dacty’s wings are better. However, he isn’t willing to fly. Aunt Elizabeth offers to bring Dacty to the museum where he can fly around happily.Six months have passed and Dacty is very big now. One night, Dacty sees lights moving inside the museum. Two men—Bert and Eric come in with torches(手电筒). They are wearing masks and trying to open a case(箱子). Inside it is a mummy(木乃伊). Suddenly Eric looks up and sees Dacty. He is very scared. “Look, Bert, 9. huge the bird is up there!” Bert looks up. Dacty doesn’t move, “Eric, don’t 10. (be) silly. It’s only a statue,” says Bert. “Come on. I will open the case. You look for the gold medallions(大奖章).” At that moment, Dacty flies down and catches Eric. The thief is very scared and he can’t say anything. Dacty flies up and lifts him on top of a statue. He’s stuck. At once, Dacty flies down again and catches Bert, too. Both of them 11. (be) stuck there.The next morning, when Aunt Elizabeth comes in, she sees the broken mummy case and the two men. They are shouting loudly.(Adapted from The Surprise)[答案]6.look7.What8.is9.how10.be11.are[解析]6.此处表示过来看看这个蛋,为祈使句,且设空处与come并列,应用动词原形。故填look。7.结合后面的the children ask和答语可知,此处为特殊疑问句,询问什么是翼指龙。注意句首单词首字母大写。故填What。8.句意:但是它的翅膀有点问题。由上句可知时态为一般现在时,There be句型遵循就近原则,something为不定代词,be动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is。9.该句符合感叹句结构“How+形容词+主语+谓语!”。故填how。10.本句为否定祈使句,助动词don’t之后的动词应用原形,故填be。11.由上句可知时态为一般现在时,主语Both of them为复数,故be动词应用are。故填are。21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题12.句子种类、简单句和主谓一致精讲考点导图知识1 简单句的基本句型一、句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分,即主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语(主谓宾表定状补)。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。1.主语(The Subject)表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”,一般由名词、代词或动词的-ing形式等充当。Lucy is an American girl.露西是个美国女孩。She often goes to the movies.她经常去看电影。2.谓语(The Predicate)说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分主要的词)用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。We are both quiet.我们都很安静。He has a toothache.他牙疼。His parents teach math.他父母教数学。3.表语(The Predicative)说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式或动词的-ing形式等充当,和系动词一起构成谓语。Her mother is a bank clerk.她妈妈是银行职员。Are you ready?你准备好了吗?We were at home last night.我们昨晚在家。It tastes great.它尝起来好极了。4.宾语(The Object)表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当,和及物动词一起说明主语“做什么”。Let me tell you what he is like.让我告诉你他是什么样的人。He’s playing soccer.他在踢足球。Can I ask some questions?我可以问些问题吗?5.宾语补足语(The Object Complement)用来补足宾语意义,一般置于宾语之后,由名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语等充当。I found the book very interesting.我觉得这本书很有趣。My mother wants me to drink it.我妈妈想让我喝了它。6.定语(The Attribute)用来修饰名词或代词。作定语的除形容词外,还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。Peel three bananas.剥三根香蕉。What’s your name,please?请问你叫什么名字?She’s a good basketball player.她是个优秀的篮球运动员。7.状语(The Adverbial)用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等充当。I like it very much.我非常喜欢它。It was raining hard at that time.那个时候正下着大雨。Hong Kong is not very cold in winter.冬天香港不太冷。二、五种基本句型类型 说明 例句主语+不及物动词 (SV) 谓语动词为不及物动词,其后可接状语 We worked in a factory.我们在一家工厂工作。主语+及物动词+ 宾语 (SVO) 谓语动词为及物动词,必须跟宾语 (动作的承受者)意义才完整 He plays the piano every day.他每天弹钢琴。主语+系动词+表语(SP) 常见的系动词有:be, keep, stay, look,feel,smell,taste,sound,become, get,turn等 I am in Class 2.我在2班。 You should keep healthy.你应该保持健康。 It sounds great.它听起来不错。 He became a scientist.他成了一名科学家。主语+及物动词+间接宾语+ 直接宾语(SVOO) 谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。常用这种句型的动词有:bring,show, pass, tell,offer,buy,make,cook,give Please pass me the book.请把这本书递给我。 They offered him a good job.他们给他提供了一份好工作。主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 (SVOC) 宾语补足语对宾语的动作、身份、状态、特征等进行补充说明 You can call the cat Mimi.你可以叫那只猫咪咪。 I saw him go out of the classroom.我看到他走出了教室。三、There be 句型(也叫存现句)1.“There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时”结构表示“某地或某时有某物或某人”。如:There are two glasses of water on the table.桌子上有两杯水。There is a good movie on TV tonight.今天晚上电视上有一部好电影。2.There be句型中的be(is/are)和后面所跟的名词在数方面保持一致。如:There is a supermarket on that road.那条路上有一家超市。There are two boys at the school gate.学校门口有两个男孩。There is some ice on the lake.湖上有些冰。3.有并列主语的情况下,根据第一个主语部分的单复数来确定动词be的形式。如:There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两本书。There are two boys and a girl in the room.房间里有两个男孩和一个女孩。4.There be 句型的一般将来时为:There will be/There is/are going to be+主语(+时间/地点)。如:Look at the dark cloud! There is going to be heavy rain.看那乌云!快要下大雨了。知识2 句子种类 重点一、陈述句陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法,有肯定和否定两种形式,句末用句号,读降调。1.肯定式:主语+谓语+其他。如:That boy often helps others.那个男孩经常帮助别人。2.否定式:(1)谓语部分含有be动词、助动词、情态动词的,否定形式为在它们后面直接加not。如:Jim isn’t playing football.吉姆没在踢足球。Man can't live without water.没有水,人类不能生存。(2)谓语部分只有实义动词的,其否定形式为在主语和谓语动词之间加 don’t/doesn’t/didn’t,谓语动词用原形。如:They didn’t play the guitar yesterday.他们昨天没有弹吉他。二、疑问句1.一般疑问句一般疑问句是在句子中用提问的方式提供一些信息,要求对方用Yes或No回答的疑问句。陈述句变一般疑问句时,如果谓语部分含有be动词、情态动词或助动词,通常将它们直接移到句首;如果句子中没有上述动词,只有实义动词,则要根据相应的人称和时态,在句首加Do/Does/Did,主语后面的谓语动词用原形。如:She lives in Beijing.她住在北京。→-Does she live in Beijing?-她住在北京吗?-Yes, she does. /No, she doesn't.-是的,她住在北京。/不,她不住在北京。2.特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导的以寻求信息为目的的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组:(1)疑问代词有:what(什么),who(谁),which(哪一个,哪些),whose(谁的),whom(who 的宾格“谁”)。如:-Who is your teacher?-谁是你的老师?-Miss Gao is my teacher.-高老师是我的老师。(2)疑问副词有:when(何时),where(何地),why(为什么)和how(怎样)。如:-When did you come here -你是什么时候来到这儿的?-In 2005.-2005年。(3)疑问词组:how soon(多久以后),how long(多长时间,多长长度),how often(多久一次),how far(多远)等。-How soon will the concert begin -再过多久音乐会开始?-In twenty minutes.-二十分钟后。-How long have you lived here -你住在这儿多长时间了?-For five years.-五年了。-How often do you have an English party -你们多久举行一次英语聚会?-Once a month.-一个月一次。-How far do you live from your school -你住的地方离学校有多远?-About ten minutes’ walk.-步行大约十分钟。3.选择疑问句提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。选择疑问句中的两种或两种以上的情况用or连接,回答时不用yes或no,而要用一个完整的句子或其省略形式。语调一般是前升后降。选择疑问句有两种结构:(1)“一般疑问句+or+被选择部分?”。如:-Do you like apples or pears -你喜欢苹果还是梨?-I like pears.-我喜欢梨。(2)“特殊疑问句,A or B?”。如:-Which would you like better, tea or coffee -你更喜欢哪种,茶还是咖啡?-I like coffee better.-我更喜欢咖啡。三、祈使句1.祈使句的功能祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、号召或劝说、警告等。第二人称主语you通常省略,谓语动词用原形。2.祈使句的基本结构类别 肯定句 否定句Do型 Do(原形)+... Don’t do(原形)+...English aloud! in class!Be型 Be+adj. Don’t + be +adj.quiet! late again!Let 型 Let sb.+do... Let sb.+ not do...Let me help you. in class.No/Never 型 —— No+doing/n.禁止······· Never + do (原形)+...永远不要······—— No smoking. (= Don’t smoke.) Never give up!四、感叹句 重点类别 结构 例句what 构成的感叹句 What + a/ an + 形容词+可数名词的单数形式 (+主语+谓语)! (she is)! (她是一个)多么漂亮的女孩啊!What+形容词+可数名词的复 数形式(+主语+谓语)! (they have done)! (他们做了)多么重要的工作啊!What+形容+不可数名词 (+主语+谓语)! (it is)!(这是)多好的 消息啊!how构成的感叹句 How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)! (the noodles are)! (面条)多么美味啊!How+形容词+ a/an+可数名词的单数(+主语+谓语)! (it is)! (这是)多么有用的一门学科啊!How+主语+谓语! ! 时间过得真快啊!知识3 主谓一致 难点一、语法一致原则主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也用复数形式。1.当and或both... and...连接并列主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。2.复合不定代词 anyone,anything,someone,something,everybody,everything,nobody,nothing 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Is there anything wrong with your bike 你的自行车出什么故障了吗?3.动词不定式或动词的-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Reading is learning.读书就是学习。4.“A+with/along with/together with/as well”结构作主语时,谓语动词的数由前面的A的单复数形式决定。如:Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的夫人及两个女儿一起来北京。二、意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念。类别 谓语动 词形式 例句由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同一人(and 后面无冠词) 单数形式 The singer and dancer been invited to the party. 那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家被邀请参加聚会了。表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词或词组作主语时,一般看作一个整体 单数形式 Three years a long time. 三年是一段很长的时间。集体名词,如 family,team,class 等作主语 表示整体概念 单数形式 His family going to move.他家要搬走了。表示各个成员 复数形式 His family all eating.他全家人都在吃饭。police,cattle 等名词作主语时 复数形式 The police helping a girl look for her mother.警察正在帮助一个女孩找她的妈妈。三、就近一致原则就近一致原则是指谓语动词的数要与和它紧邻的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。1.either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also) ..., not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与离它较近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.不仅是我父母,我也盼望看到我叔叔。2.There be 句型中的be动词常与离它近的主语在数上保持一致。如:There is a table and three chairs in Tom's room.在汤姆的房间有一张桌子和三把椅子。考点综合练一.单句填空1.[2024长沙明德一模改编]“ do you come back so late And what’s wrong with your leg ” asked the woman. “Didn’t you take the bus ”2.[2024常德模拟]“ a simple idea it is! How easy it is to get started!” said one Weibo user.3.[2024吉林长春改编]—There many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best —On the Stork Tower by Wang Zhihuan.4.[2023株洲改编] a beautiful day! Let’s take a walk by the lake.5.[2023郴州一模改编]—Hurry up, Jason! We’re going to the cinema, but the clothes still need washing.—Don’t worry. Thirty minutes enough.6.[2023常德二模]— of the two subjects do you like, art or music —Both. They are really interesting.7.[2023邵阳二模]—Many cities in China are now offering teenage girls free HPV vaccines(疫苗).— great news!8.[2023永州二模] (not) make loud noises in class!9.[2023永州三模]Neither his family nor he (know) anything about it.10.[2023常德二模] time flies! We’ll graduate from junior middle school only in a month.11.[2022常德] a difference a day makes! My family decided to stay at the hotel.12.[2022邵阳改编]—A pandemic(疫情) broke out in Shaoyang last month.—Yeah. were so many doctors and nurses coming to help us.13.[2022郴州改编]—Look! Jeff is helping a blind man cross the road.— helpful he is! We should learn from him.14.[2022株洲改编] lovely Bing Dwen Dwen is! Everyone wants to have one.15.[2022岳阳模拟]On the right of the teaching building (be) the library. There (be) many books and computers in it.16.[2021常德]—Oh, my god! is Wang Feng now The football match is starting soon.—He may be in the library. He often reads at this time.17.[2021邵阳改编]— a funny thing it is to go to Mount Lang after the graduation examination!—Yes. Let’s go together.18.[2021常德] clever the boy is! He just won first prize in Super Brain.二、根据语境或用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.There a lot to see in the museum for visitors who are interested in Chinese culture.2.A journey of a thousand li ________(begin) with a single step.3.Lily, as well as other students, (have) learned how to type.4.Neither Lily nor her parents (be) outdoors when the rainstorm came.5.Xu Mengtao won the 2022 Touching China award. Never giving up (be) the key to her success.6.—The pen can translate what you write down into English.— an interesting invention!7.______(spend) less time on the phone at night, or you will find it hard to fall asleep.8.— can you see from the London Eye —On a clear day, most of London.9.This is my good friend, Lucy. Not only she but also I (be) good at recycling. We often make some toys out of waste.10.There some good advice and ways about how to use the Internet correctly and wisely.三.语法填空A“1. (not) let her go! Hold her! Ah... ah!”There 2. (be) the sound of a dog yelping(尖叫). Otchumyelov looks in the direction of the sound and sees a dog running out of a yard. A man is running after her, and finally catches her. Soon, a crowd is gathering round the yard. “3. is it all about ” Otchumyelov asks.“I was just walking along here, your honour, and this little beast for no reason bit my finger...”“4. a bad dog!” says Otchumyelov, raising his eyebrows(眉毛).“5. dog is it I won’t let this pass! I must give the owner a lesson!”BOne day, Helen shouts, “Roger, come and 6. (look) at the egg! It’s cracking(裂开).” Slowly a long beak(喙) appears. They are unsure what it is.Dad checks on the computer, “Hey, look! It’s a pterodactyl(翼指龙).”“7. is a pterodactyl ” the children ask. “It’s a type of dinosaur. Pterodactyls can fly,” says Dad.Then Helen names it Dacty.A month later, he grows up. But there 8. (be) something wrong with his wings. “My room is too small and Dacty keeps banging(碰撞) his wings on the walls. I feel sorry for him,” says Helen. Finally, they take Dacty to a vet(兽医). Two weeks later, Dacty’s wings are better. However, he isn’t willing to fly. Aunt Elizabeth offers to bring Dacty to the museum where he can fly around happily.Six months have passed and Dacty is very big now. One night, Dacty sees lights moving inside the museum. Two men—Bert and Eric come in with torches(手电筒). They are wearing masks and trying to open a case(箱子). Inside it is a mummy(木乃伊). Suddenly Eric looks up and sees Dacty. He is very scared. “Look, Bert, 9. huge the bird is up there!” Bert looks up. Dacty doesn’t move, “Eric, don’t 10. (be) silly. It’s only a statue,” says Bert. “Come on. I will open the case. You look for the gold medallions(大奖章).” At that moment, Dacty flies down and catches Eric. The thief is very scared and he can’t say anything. Dacty flies up and lifts him on top of a statue. He’s stuck. At once, Dacty flies down again and catches Bert, too. Both of them 11. (be) stuck there.The next morning, when Aunt Elizabeth comes in, she sees the broken mummy case and the two men. They are shouting loudly.(Adapted from The Surprise)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 人教版2025年中考英语总复习专题12句子种类、简单句和主谓一致精讲(学生版).docx 人教版2025年中考英语总复习专题12句子种类、简单句和主谓一致精讲(教师版).docx