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专题05.形容词、副词精讲
考点导图
知识1 形容词的用法及词义辨析
一、定义及位置
1．定义
说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或复合不定代词的词叫形容词。
2．位置
（1）作定语，一般放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：The pretty girl is my sister.
这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。
Tell me something interesting.
给我说一些有趣的事。
（2）作表语，放在系动词之后。如：
He looks happy.他看起来很开心。
注意 有少数形容词只能作表语，如alone, afraid, asleep, awake, alive, well (健康的)等。
（3）作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make、leave、keep等动词连用。如：
You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭着眼睛。
二、-ing形容词和-ed形容词 重点
-ing形容词表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物。-ed形容词表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，一般修饰或形容人，常用于“sb.＋系动词＋-ed形容词＋介词”结构。
-ing形容词 -ed形容词 例句
interesting有趣的 interested感兴趣的 I have an book.我有一本有趣的书。 He is in science.他对科学感兴趣。
boring 令人厌烦的 bored感觉无聊的 I find this movie totally .我觉得这部电影无聊透顶。 It was a cold, rainy day and the kids were .那是个寒冷的下雨天，孩子们觉得无聊。
exciting 激动人心的 excited 激动的 Have you heard of the news？你听说这个激动人心的消息了吗？ We are about the traveling.我们对这次旅行感到很兴奋。
disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed感到失 望的 It is a trip.这是一次令人失望的旅行。 We were at the result.我们对结果感到失望。
surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised惊讶的 This is a story.这是一个令人惊讶的故事。 I am at the news.我对这个消息感到惊讶。
moving令人感动的 moved受感动的 Titanic is a film.《泰坦尼克号》是一部感人的电影。 We are deeply .我们深受感动。
satisfying 令人满意／满足的 satisfied感到满意／满足的 This is a result.这是一个令人满意的结果。 Are you with the new design？ 你对这个新设计满意吗？
tiring令人疲倦的 tired疲倦的 It’s a long day.这是漫长而令人疲倦的一天。 I'm too .我太疲倦了。
知识2 副词的用法及词义辨析
一、定义及分类
1．定义
副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
类型 典型词汇 用法
频度副词 always（总是）、usually（通常）、often（时常）、sometimes（有时）、seldom（很少）、hardly（几乎不）、never（从不）（频率从高到低） 表示动作发生的频率
方式副词 quickly、happily、loudly、suddenly、luckily、badly、easily、fast等 表示动作的行为方式
程度副词 very、quite、rather、too、much、so等 表示动词、形容词或另一个副词的强度或程度，通常放在其修饰的词前
时间副词 now、then、today、tomorrow、yesterday、before、ago、soon、lately等 表示动作发生的时间，是确定句子时态的重要标志
地点副词 outside、inside、upstairs、here、there、home、near、away、in、back、off、up、anywhere等 表示动作发生的地点或位置关系
疑问副词（词组） when、where、why、how、how long、how soon、how often,how far等 用于构成特殊疑问句
二、 常见副词（短语）词义辨析
1. how long、how soon、how often、how far 重点
易混短语 用法 例句
how long -How long have you been in China -For three months.
-How long is this river -It's about 3,000 km.
how soon -How soon will he come back -In five minutes.
how often -How often do you visit your grand-parents -Once a week.
how far -How far is it from your home to your school -About 5 minutes' bus ride/ two kilometers.
2．hard和 hardly
易混词 用法 例句
hard We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。 It was raining hard when we set off.我们出发时正下着大雨。
hardly We hardly know each other.我们彼此还不大认识。
3．too、enough和 so
易混词 用法 例句
too The man is too old to look after himself. 这个人年纪太大了，不能照顾他自己。
enough The boy runs fast enough to win the game. 这个男孩跑得足够快，能赢得这次比赛。
so The camera is so expensive that I can't afford it.这个照相机太贵了以至于我买不起。
4．其他常考副词
abroad 在国外 almost 几乎
alone 独自 carefully 小心地
especially 尤其 exactly 确切地
finally最后，终于 instead 替代
nearly 几乎 once曾经，一次
probably 大概 simply 仅仅
properly 合适地 recently 最近
directly 直接地 however然而
besides此外，而且 suddenly 突然
right 正好，恰好，直接地
知识3 形容词和副词的比较等级
一、形容词和副词比较等级的构成
1．规则变化
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少 数双音 节词 一般直接加-er，-est long tall hard
以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r，-st late large
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y变成i，再加-er，-est easy happy early
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写该辅音字母，再加-er,-est big hot
多音节 词和部 分双音 节词 在词前加 more 或most careful beautiful carefully
2．不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well
bad/badly
many/much
little
far
注意 less 和least也可用来构成比较级和最高级，表示“较／最不······”，如selfish→less selfish→least selfish。
二．形容词和副词比较等级的主要结构
比较级常用结构
结构 含义 例句
比较级＋than 比·····更 The weather here is that in Yunnan.这里的天气比云南的更热。 Tom is hard-working. I work him.汤姆工作努力，我比他工作更加努力。
比较级+and+比较级 越来越 It's getting in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。
the＋比较级...，the＋比较级... 越····， 就越······ you read English, you will be at it.你读英语读得越多，你就会越擅长英语。
Which/What/Who...＋比较级，A or B？ 哪一个／什么／谁更·····，A还是B？ Who plays tennis , Mike or Sam？谁网球打得更好，迈克还是萨姆？
“much/a lot/far; even; a little／a bit＋比较级”，用于加强语气 ······得多； 甚至更······;更······一点 High-speed trains run than normal trains.高铁比普通列车行驶得快得多。
the＋比较级＋of the two... 两者中较······的那一个 Anne is the of the two girls.安妮是这两个女孩中较高的那个。
2.最高级常用结构
结构 含义 例句
the＋最高级 （＋单数名词） +in/of... ......中最······的 Jim is the ( student) in his class.吉姆是班上最高的。 I jump ( the) of all the students in our class.我是我们班跳得最远的。
one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数＋in/of... 最······的·····之一 Beijing is one of the in China.北京是中国最古老的城市之一。
the＋序数词＋形容词最高级 第几最······ The Yellow River is river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。
3.表示两者在某一方面相同或一方在某方面不如另一方时，用“as+形容词或副词原级＋as”或“not as／so＋形容词或副词原级＋as”来表达。如：
I think science is as important as math.我认为科学同数学一样重要。
Tom runs as fast as Jack.汤姆跑得和杰克一样快。
I can't type as/so fast as my brother.我打字不如我弟弟快。
知识4 形容词和副词构词法 重点
一、加词缀构成的形容词
1．名词／动词变形容词的常见后缀
后缀 意义 例词
-y 充满······的、多······的 有······的 cloud-cloudy wind-windy luck-lucky
-ern ······方位的、朝······方向的 west-western east-eastern
-ly ······般的、每······的 friend-friendly mother-motherly week-weekly month-monthly
-en ······材质的 wood-wooden gold-golden
-al 有······性质的 education-educational
-ful 充满······的、具有······特点的 care-careful peace-peaceful
-less 无······的 hope-hopeless
-ous 具有······的 danger-dangerous
-ant/-ent 是······的 importance-important differ-different
-an 与······有关的、属于······的 Asia-Asian America- American
-able 可······的 enjoy-enjoyable
-ive 与······有关的、有·····性质／ 倾向的 produce-productive create-creative
形容词常见的否定前缀
否定前缀 例词
un- lucky-unlucky healthy-unhealthy
in- correct-incorrect expensive-inexpensive
im- polite-impolite possible-impossible
二、形容词变副词
类别 构成方法 例词
一般情况 直接加-ly quick-quickly correct-correctly
辅音字母＋y结尾 把y变i，再加-ly easy-easily happy-happily
le结尾 去e，加y possible-possibly probable-probably
ll结尾 只加y full-fully
其他情况 true-truly（真诚地；确实）
考点综合练
一、从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，每词限用一次。
usual popular able true serious long high heavy careful healthy
1．When I was only a five-year-old boy, I was ____________ ill and needed attention all the time.
2．During the ________ winter holiday in 2020, they joined a team of volunteers to help check people's information and spread knowledge about the disease.
3．I was so __________ that I lost the key to my house this morning.
4．Well, at least this experience will ________ them to learn from their mistakes.
5．My hair is as ____ as Lily's. We are twin sisters.
6．—What is the ________ mountain in the world
—Mount Qomolangma.
7．The more you go exercising, the ____________ you will feel. Just try it!
8．There were many kinds of trees. However, mulberry trees （桑树） and fruit trees were the ________________ of all. People all like these trees.
9．Among the boys, Jack is the second __________ one. He eats lots of junk food.
10．My brother is ______ angry about what's happened to him.
二．.单句填空
1．[2024长沙雅礼一模]It symbolizes a time for family to get together and the ____________（meaning） beginning of the new year.
2．[2024株洲模拟改编]An epileptic fit（癫痫发作） could cause someone to fall over and get hurt. If it happens when people are swimming or bathing alone, it can be very ____________（danger）.
3．[2024湖南联考]It’s really a ____________（wonder） and unforgettable May Day for me. From that experience, I learned the meaning of labor and something different.
4．[2024永州一模]I thought that this would be a good chance to teach my children to help those who were ____________（unlucky） than themselves.
5．[2024长沙长郡二模]Our youth is also like taking study ____________（serious） over the deep night.
6．[2024长沙模拟]The mascot is ____________（careful） designed（设计）. It takes two months to finish designing the mascot.
7．[2024邵阳模拟]The unhealthy food made her feel tired easily. She didn’t have enough energy at the end of the day and often felt ________（sleep）.
8．[2024常德模拟改编]He thought that he worked ________（hard） than Bobby.
9．[2024长沙模拟]The use of robot caregivers may make the situation even ______（bad） than this.
10．[2024湖南联考]In 2006, Huang Yongyu donated（捐赠） a __________（person） art museum in Jishou University for free, which is in western Hunan, near his hometown.
11．[2024常德一模]For example, some students always put off their studying when they are alone. ________, by joining a study group, they see their hardworking partners and are more likely to finish the work on time.
12．[2023岳阳改编]Mind health is as ____________（important） as body health.
13．[2023怀化改编]Xu Mengtao is one of the ______________（famous） players in China.
14．[2023常德]—How often do you watch the game show
—______（two） a week.
15．[2023常德]The car is old, but it still runs very ____（good）.
16．[2023郴州改编]It’s one of ________________（happy） things in the world to stay with our family members.
17．[2023永州]Three Chinese astronauts on board the Shenzhou-15 manned spaceship returned to Earth ________（safe） on June 4, 2023, completing their six-month space station task.
18．[2023常德]The Yangtze River is one of ______________（long） rivers in the world.
19．[2023株洲改编]ChatGPT is one of ______________（hot） AI models these days.
20．[2022怀化改编]The air in Huaihua is ________（good） than before.
21．[2022长沙]__________（recent）, the government has been working together with a university and some building companies（公司） to build houses that are fully 3D-printed.
22．[2022常德]—What will the future be like
—Cities will be__________________（beautiful）. And there will be more trees.
23．[2021益阳改编]Although the Yangtze River is the longest river in China, it is ________（short） than the Nile, the longest river in the world.
24．[2021长沙]Alone and ________（hunger）, he walked on the streets of the city.
25．[2021郴州改编]I think ______________（early）children learn to look after themselves, the better it is for their future.
26．[2021衡阳改编]The little boy was ____________（interest） in all of these subjects, especially in math.
二.形容词和副词填空
A
Have you ever tried writing a poem Maybe you think it is impossible 1. （especial） if you do not think you are naturally 2. （create）. But if you follow the steps below, you can also write a 3. （good） poem than you expected. You will be 4. （pride） to share it with your friends.
◆Pick a theme（主题） that interests you. Find the theme that you are interested in. Start your poem with a clear idea. “Love and friendship” is always the theme of a poem.
◆Choose a form for your poem. Get your minds working by picking a poetic form. You may choose a poetic form that you find easy.
◆Use your imagination. You should always try to describe something using the five senses. They are smell, taste, touch, sight and hearing. Using imagination will lead your readers into the world of your poem and make images（意象） come alive for them.
◆Make use of special expressions. You could use “the heart of stone” “as 5. （white） as snow” and so on. With these expressions, your poem will be different. They can make your poem a piece of 6. （wonder） work to your readers.
B
All aboard! Let’s take a ride on the world’s highest railway—the Qinghai-Xizang Railway（青藏铁路）. Sit back and enjoy the journey. Get ready for the trip of a lifetime.
We’re leaving Qinghai Station. The scenery along the way is some of the wildest in all of China. Keep your eyes open as we race through this 7. （beauty） land. You might see a rare Tibetan antelope（藏羚羊）from your window.
Before we begin our journey, let’s learn about this amazing railway. It’s 8. （true） one of the great engineering wonders of the 21st century. When it was completed on July 1, 2006, the Qinghai-Xizang Railway set nine world records, including the world’s highest railway at 5,072 metres above sea level, the world’s highest tunnel（隧道） at 4,905 metres, and the 9. （long） tunnel ever built on permafrost（永久冻土）.
As we travel higher, the air gets thinner and thinner. Soon there will only be 50 to 60 percent of the oxygen that we are used to breathing. But don’t be afraid. Each railcar has two separate oxygen systems. One system spreads oxygen throughout the train at all times. And each passenger can also get a 10. （person） oxygen mask just like those used on planes.
Here are a few 11. （many） things to think about as our train leaves the station. The designers solved three main challenges when building this great railway. First, the high altitude（海拔） made the task difficult because there was no enough oxygen. Second, much of the railway runs across permafrost, a type of ground that keeps changing as the weather warms and cools. 12. （Final）, the railway goes through some of the most sensitive ecology（敏感的生态环境） in China. Great care was necessary to make sure of the smallest possible influence on nature.
All three challenges were met, making our trip possible. All aboard! The train to Xizang is leaving in fifteen minutes.
四.选词填空
选择方框中的词并用其适当形式填空（每词限用一次）。
true beautiful lovely young so cheerful
It was a summer day. An old man was taking a walk down a hill 1. . He wiped the sweat（擦汗）from his face and started singing a song.
Suddenly, he heard a voice. “Hello, sir.” The old man turned around, but he saw no one. “I’m here,” the voice came from beside his feet. The old man looked down and saw a 2. flower.
“Sir, would you mind answering a question ” asked the flower. “Certainly not. What do you want to know ” said the old man. The flower hesitated（犹豫） for a second and said, “Why are you 3. happy You are not 4. and maybe you don’t have many days left.” The flower went on, “My days have passed and I’m going to wither（枯萎）. That makes me sad.”
The old man laughed, “Yes, I don’t have many days left. But so what Why waste such a 5. day on something that hasn’t happened What’s gone is gone. What’s to come is to come. You can’t change it. But you can decide to enjoy this very moment that you 6. have.”
And he didn’t wait for the flower to respond（回应）. He just walked away, continuing with the happy song he had been singing.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题05.形容词、副词精讲
考点导图
知识1 形容词的用法及词义辨析
一、定义及位置
1．定义
说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或复合不定代词的词叫形容词。
2．位置
（1）作定语，一般放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：The pretty girl is my sister.
这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。
Tell me something interesting.
给我说一些有趣的事。
（2）作表语，放在系动词之后。如：
He looks happy.他看起来很开心。
注意 有少数形容词只能作表语，如alone, afraid, asleep, awake, alive, well (健康的)等。
（3）作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make、leave、keep等动词连用。如：
You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭着眼睛。
二、-ing形容词和-ed形容词 重点
-ing形容词表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰事物。-ed形容词表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，一般修饰或形容人，常用于“sb.＋系动词＋-ed形容词＋介词”结构。
-ing形容词 -ed形容词 例句
interesting有趣的 interested感兴趣的 I have an interesting book.我有一本有趣的书。 He is interested in science.他对科学感兴趣。
boring 令人厌烦的 bored感觉无聊的 I find this movie totally boring.我觉得这部电影无聊透顶。 It was a cold, rainy day and the kids were bored.那是个寒冷的下雨天，孩子们觉得无聊。
exciting 激动人心的 excited 激动的 Have you heard of the exciting news？你听说这个激动人心的消息了吗？ We are excited about the traveling.我们对这次旅行感到很兴奋。
disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed感到失 望的 It is a disappointing trip.这是一次令人失望的旅行。 We were disappointed at the result.我们对结果感到失望。
surprising 令人惊讶的 surprised惊讶的 This is a surprising story.这是一个令人惊讶的故事。 I am surprised at the news.我对这个消息感到惊讶。
moving令人感动的 moved受感动的 Titanic is a moving film.《泰坦尼克号》是一部感人的电影。 We are deeply moved.我们深受感动。
satisfying 令人满意／满足的 satisfied感到满意／满足的 This is a satisfying result.这是一个令人满意的结果。 Are you satisfied with the new design？ 你对这个新设计满意吗？
tiring令人疲倦的 tired疲倦的 It’s a long tiring day.这是漫长而令人疲倦的一天。 I'm too tired.我太疲倦了。
知识2 副词的用法及词义辨析
一、定义及分类
1．定义
副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
类型 典型词汇 用法
频度副词 always（总是）、usually（通常）、often（时常）、sometimes（有时）、seldom（很少）、hardly（几乎不）、never（从不）（频率从高到低） 表示动作发生的频率
方式副词 quickly、happily、loudly、suddenly、luckily、badly、easily、fast等 表示动作的行为方式
程度副词 very、quite、rather、too、much、so等 表示动词、形容词或另一个副词的强度或程度，通常放在其修饰的词前
时间副词 now、then、today、tomorrow、yesterday、before、ago、soon、lately等 表示动作发生的时间，是确定句子时态的重要标志
地点副词 outside、inside、upstairs、here、there、home、near、away、in、back、off、up、anywhere等 表示动作发生的地点或位置关系
疑问副词（词组） when、where、why、how、how long、how soon、how often,how far等 用于构成特殊疑问句
二、 常见副词（短语）词义辨析
1. how long、how soon、how often、how far 重点
易混短语 用法 例句
how long 意为“多久，多长时间”，对一个持续的时间段提问，常用“for＋时间段”和“since＋时间点”回答 -How long have you been in China -For three months.
意为“（长度）多长”，对某一事物的长度进行提问，答语一般会出现米（meter）或千米（kilometer）等单位 -How long is this river -It's about 3,000 km.
how soon 意为“多快，多久”，用于一般将来时的句子中，侧重在多长时间内完成或发生，常用“in＋时间段”回答 -How soon will he come back -In five minutes.
how often 意为“多长时间一次”，对频率提问，常用once／twice/three times a day/week/month等回答 -How often do you visit your grand-parents -Once a week.
how far 意为“多远”，对距离提问，常用“数字＋距离单位”或“数字＋时间单位＋ride／drive／walk”等回答 -How far is it from your home to your school -About 5 minutes' bus ride/ two kilometers.
2．hard和 hardly
易混词 用法 例句
hard 意为“努力地；大量地；猛烈地” We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。 It was raining hard when we set off.我们出发时正下着大雨。
hardly 意为“几乎不”，表示否定含义 We hardly know each other.我们彼此还不大认识。
3．too、enough和 so
易混词 用法 例句
too 意为“太”，用于“too...to....”结构，表示否定意义，意为“太······而不能” The man is too old to look after himself. 这个人年纪太大了，不能照顾他自己。
enough 意为“足够”，用于“形容词／副词原形＋enough to...”结构，表示“足够·····能” The boy runs fast enough to win the game. 这个男孩跑得足够快，能赢得这次比赛。
so 意为“如此”，常用于“so...that...”结构，表示“如此······以至于” The camera is so expensive that I can't afford it.这个照相机太贵了以至于我买不起。
4．其他常考副词
abroad 在国外 almost 几乎
alone 独自 carefully 小心地
especially 尤其 exactly 确切地
finally最后，终于 instead 替代
nearly 几乎 once曾经，一次
probably 大概 simply 仅仅
properly 合适地 recently 最近
directly 直接地 however然而
besides此外，而且 suddenly 突然
right 正好，恰好，直接地
知识3 形容词和副词的比较等级
一、形容词和副词比较等级的构成
1．规则变化
类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和少 数双音 节词 一般直接加-er，-est long tall hard longer taller harder longest tallest hardest
以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r，-st late large later larger latest largest
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y变成i，再加-er，-est easy happy early easier happier earlier earliest
重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写该辅音字母，再加-er,-est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest
多音节 词和部 分双音 节词 在词前加 more 或most careful beautiful carefully more careful more beautiful more carefully most careful most beautiful most carefully
2．不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
注意 less 和least也可用来构成比较级和最高级，表示“较／最不······”，如selfish→less selfish→least selfish。
二．形容词和副词比较等级的主要结构
比较级常用结构
结构 含义 例句
比较级＋than 比·····更 The weather here is hotter than that in Yunnan.这里的天气比云南的更热。 Tom is hard-working. I work much harder than him.汤姆工作努力，我比他工作更加努力。
比较级+and+比较级 越来越 It's getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天气变得越来越暖和。
the＋比较级...，the＋比较级... 越····， 就越······ The more you read English, the better you will be at it.你读英语读得越多，你就会越擅长英语。
Which/What/Who...＋比较级，A or B？ 哪一个／什么／谁更·····，A还是B？ Who plays tennis better, Mike or Sam？谁网球打得更好，迈克还是萨姆？
“much/a lot/far; even; a little／a bit＋比较级”，用于加强语气 ······得多； 甚至更······;更······一点 High-speed trains run much faster than normal trains.高铁比普通列车行驶得快得多。
the＋比较级＋of the two... 两者中较······的那一个 Anne is the taller of the two girls.安妮是这两个女孩中较高的那个。
2.最高级常用结构
结构 含义 例句
the＋最高级 （＋单数名词） +in/of... ......中最······的 Jim is the tallest ( student) in his class.吉姆是班上最高的。 I jump ( the)farthest of all the students in our class.我是我们班跳得最远的。
one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数＋in/of... 最······的·····之一 Beijing is one of the oldest cities in China.北京是中国最古老的城市之一。
the＋序数词＋形容词最高级 第几最······ The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。
3.表示两者在某一方面相同或一方在某方面不如另一方时，用“as+形容词或副词原级＋as”或“not as／so＋形容词或副词原级＋as”来表达。如：
I think science is as important as math.我认为科学同数学一样重要。
Tom runs as fast as Jack.汤姆跑得和杰克一样快。
I can't type as/so fast as my brother.我打字不如我弟弟快。
知识4 形容词和副词构词法 重点
一、加词缀构成的形容词
1．名词／动词变形容词的常见后缀
后缀 意义 例词
-y 充满······的、多······的 有······的 cloud-cloudy wind-windy luck-lucky
-ern ······方位的、朝······方向的 west-western east-eastern
-ly ······般的、每······的 friend-friendly mother-motherly week-weekly month-monthly
-en ······材质的 wood-wooden gold-golden
-al 有······性质的 education-educational
-ful 充满······的、具有······特点的 care-careful peace-peaceful
-less 无······的 hope-hopeless
-ous 具有······的 danger-dangerous
-ant/-ent 是······的 importance-important differ-different
-an 与······有关的、属于······的 Asia-Asian America- American
-able 可······的 enjoy-enjoyable
-ive 与······有关的、有·····性质／ 倾向的 produce-productive create-creative
形容词常见的否定前缀
否定前缀 例词
un- lucky-unlucky healthy-unhealthy
in- correct-incorrect expensive-inexpensive
im- polite-impolite possible-impossible
二、形容词变副词
类别 构成方法 例词
一般情况 直接加-ly quick-quickly correct-correctly
辅音字母＋y结尾 把y变i，再加-ly easy-easily happy-happily
le结尾 去e，加y possible-possibly probable-probably
ll结尾 只加y full-fully
其他情况 true-truly（真诚地；确实）
考点综合练
一、从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空，每词限用一次。
usual popular able true serious long high heavy careful healthy
1．When I was only a five-year-old boy, I was ____________ ill and needed attention all the time.
2．During the ________ winter holiday in 2020, they joined a team of volunteers to help check people's information and spread knowledge about the disease.
3．I was so __________ that I lost the key to my house this morning.
4．Well, at least this experience will ________ them to learn from their mistakes.
5．My hair is as ____ as Lily's. We are twin sisters.
6．—What is the ________ mountain in the world
—Mount Qomolangma.
7．The more you go exercising, the ____________ you will feel. Just try it!
8．There were many kinds of trees. However, mulberry trees （桑树） and fruit trees were the ________________ of all. People all like these trees.
9．Among the boys, Jack is the second __________ one. He eats lots of junk food.
10．My brother is ______ angry about what's happened to him.
[答案]1．seriously2．unusual3．careless4．enable5．long6．highest7．healthier8．most popular9．heaviest
10．Truly
二．.单句填空
1．[2024长沙雅礼一模]It symbolizes a time for family to get together and the ____________（meaning） beginning of the new year.
[答案]meaningful
[解析]考查形容词构词法。句意：它象征着家庭团聚的时刻和新年有意义的开始。此处应用形容词修饰名词beginning。故填meaningful。
2．[2024株洲模拟改编]An epileptic fit（癫痫发作） could cause someone to fall over and get hurt. If it happens when people are swimming or bathing alone, it can be very ____________（danger）.
[答案]dangerous
[解析]考查形容词构词法。句意：如果癫痫发作发生在人们独自游泳或洗澡的时候，那将是非常危险的。根据“be very”可知，用dangerous“危险的”，作表语。故填dangerous。
3．[2024湖南联考]It’s really a ____________（wonder） and unforgettable May Day for me. From that experience, I learned the meaning of labor and something different.
[答案]wonderful
[解析]考查形容词构词法。句意：对我来说，这真的是一个美妙而难忘的五一劳动节。从那次经历中，我学到了劳动的意义和不同的东西。空处和unforgettable并列，应用形容词，作定语修饰May Day,故填wonderful。
4．[2024永州一模]I thought that this would be a good chance to teach my children to help those who were ____________（unlucky） than themselves.
[答案]unluckier
[解析]考查形容词比较级。句意：我认为这将是一个很好的机会，可以教我的孩子帮助那些比自己不幸的人。根据than可知，此处应用比较级，unlucky的比较级为unluckier，故填unluckier。
5．[2024长沙长郡二模]Our youth is also like taking study ____________（serious） over the deep night.
[答案]seriously
[解析]考查副词构词法。take sth. seriously 认真对待某事。故填seriously。
6．[2024长沙模拟]The mascot is ____________（careful） designed（设计）. It takes two months to finish designing the mascot.
[答案]carefully
[解析]考查副词构词法。句意：吉祥物被精心设计。此处应用副词修饰动词designed。故填carefully。
7．[2024邵阳模拟]The unhealthy food made her feel tired easily. She didn’t have enough energy at the end of the day and often felt ________（sleep）.
[答案]sleepy
[解析]考查形容词构词法。此处表示在一天结束的时候，她没有足够的精力，并且经常感到困倦，空处作表语，故填sleepy。
8．[2024常德模拟改编]He thought that he worked ________（hard） than Bobby.
[答案]harder
[解析]考查副词比较级。句意：他觉得他比博比工作更加努力。根据than Bobby可知，这里要用比较级，表示更努力，故填harder。
9．[2024长沙模拟]The use of robot caregivers may make the situation even ______（bad） than this.
[答案]worse
[解析]考查形容词比较级。句意:使用机器人看护可能会使情况变得比这更糟糕。根据even和than可知，这里要用比较级，表示更糟糕，故填worse。
10．[2024湖南联考]In 2006, Huang Yongyu donated（捐赠） a __________（person） art museum in Jishou University for free, which is in western Hunan, near his hometown.
[答案]personal
[解析]考查形容词构词法。此处表示黄永玉在家乡附近的湘西吉首大学免费捐赠了一座个人美术馆。personal个人的，修饰museum。故填personal。
11．[2024常德一模]For example, some students always put off their studying when they are alone. ________, by joining a study group, they see their hardworking partners and are more likely to finish the work on time.
[答案]However
[解析]考查副词。空前说一些学生独自学习总是拖延，空后说通过加入学习小组，他们看见刻苦的同伴会更可能按时完成任务。空前后为转折关系，且空后有逗号，故填However。
12．[2023岳阳改编]Mind health is as ____________（important） as body health.
[答案]important
[解析]考查固定结构。句意:心理健康跟身体健康一样重要。此处为“as+形容词原级+as”结构。故填important。
13．[2023怀化改编]Xu Mengtao is one of the ______________（famous） players in China.
[答案]most famous
[解析]考查形容词最高级。句意:徐梦桃是中国最著名的运动员之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”,故填most famous。
14．[2023常德]—How often do you watch the game show
—______（two） a week.
[答案]Twice
[解析]考查副词。how often意为“多久一次”，用来提问某动作发生的频率。所以答句应表示一周两次。twice两次。句首单词首字母需大写。故填Twice。
15．[2023常德]The car is old, but it still runs very ____（good）.
[答案]well
[解析]考查副词。设空处修饰动词runs，应用副词形式。故填well。
16．[2023郴州改编]It’s one of ________________（happy） things in the world to stay with our family members.
[答案]the happiest
[解析]考查形容词最高级。句意:和我们的家人在一起是世界上最幸福的事情之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”,最高级前用定冠词the。故填the happiest。
17．[2023永州]Three Chinese astronauts on board the Shenzhou-15 manned spaceship returned to Earth ________（safe） on June 4, 2023, completing their six-month space station task.
[答案]safely
[解析]考查副词构词法。句意:神舟十五号载人飞船上的三名中国航天员于2023年6月4日安全返回地球，完成了六个月的空间站任务。设空处应用副词修饰动词returned。故填safely。
18．[2023常德]The Yangtze River is one of ______________（long） rivers in the world.
[答案]the longest
[解析]考查形容词最高级。此处为“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构。最高级前用定冠词the。故填the longest。
19．[2023株洲改编]ChatGPT is one of ______________（hot） AI models these days.
[答案]the hottest
[解析]考查形容词最高级。句意：ChatGPT是最近最热门的人工智能模型之一。此处是“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构，最高级前用定冠词the。故填the hottest。
20．[2022怀化改编]The air in Huaihua is ________（good） than before.
[答案]better
[解析]考查形容词比较级。根据than可知,此处应用good的比较级better。
21．[2022长沙]__________（recent）, the government has been working together with a university and some building companies（公司） to build houses that are fully 3D-printed.
[答案]Recently
[解析]考查副词的构词法。设空处在句中作时间状语，应用副词。recent的副词形式是recently，注意句首单词首字母大写。故答案为Recently。
22．[2022常德]—What will the future be like
—Cities will be__________________（beautiful）. And there will be more trees.
[答案]more beautiful
[解析]考查形容词比较级。 根据下文的“And there will be more trees.”并结合问句可知，此处暗含比较，应用比较级，故填more beautiful。
23．[2021益阳改编]Although the Yangtze River is the longest river in China, it is ________（short） than the Nile, the longest river in the world.
[答案]shorter
[解析]考查形容词比较级。句意:虽然长江是中国最长的河流,但是它比世界上最长的河流尼罗河短。根据关键词than可知用比较级，故填shorter。
24．[2021长沙]Alone and ________（hunger）, he walked on the streets of the city.
[答案]hungry
[解析]考查形容词的构词法。句意：他走在城市的街道上，独自一人，饥肠辘辘。Alone在此处是形容词，and是并列连词，前后词性要保持一致，因此该空也应是形容词。hunger的形容词形式hungry表示“饥饿的”。故填hungry。
25．[2021郴州改编]I think ______________（early）children learn to look after themselves, the better it is for their future.
[答案]the earlier
[解析]考查固定结构。句意:我认为孩子们越早学会照顾他们自己,对他们的将来越好。“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。故填the earlier。
26．[2021衡阳改编]The little boy was ____________（interest） in all of these subjects, especially in math.
[答案]interested
[解析]考查形容词的构词法。此处描述人的感受，应用以-ed结尾的形容词。be interested in对……感兴趣，故填interested。
二.形容词和副词填空
A
Have you ever tried writing a poem Maybe you think it is impossible 1. （especial） if you do not think you are naturally 2. （create）. But if you follow the steps below, you can also write a 3. （good） poem than you expected. You will be 4. （pride） to share it with your friends.
◆Pick a theme（主题） that interests you. Find the theme that you are interested in. Start your poem with a clear idea. “Love and friendship” is always the theme of a poem.
◆Choose a form for your poem. Get your minds working by picking a poetic form. You may choose a poetic form that you find easy.
◆Use your imagination. You should always try to describe something using the five senses. They are smell, taste, touch, sight and hearing. Using imagination will lead your readers into the world of your poem and make images（意象） come alive for them.
◆Make use of special expressions. You could use “the heart of stone” “as 5. （white） as snow” and so on. With these expressions, your poem will be different. They can make your poem a piece of 6. （wonder） work to your readers.
[答案]1．especially2．creative3．better4．proud5．white6．wonderful
[解析]
1．空处修饰if引导的状语从句，应用副词，故填especially。
2．空处作表语，根据句意可知这里表示“有创造力的”,应填形容词。故填creative。
3．由空后的than可知,设空处应填形容词的比较级，这里表示你也可以写出比预期更好的诗。故填better。
4．be proud to do sth.表示“做某事是自豪的”。故填proud。
5．此处为“as+形容词原级+as”结构，表示“像雪一样白”, 故填white。
6．空处修饰名词work，应用形容词。wonderful work精彩的作品,故填wonderful。
B
All aboard! Let’s take a ride on the world’s highest railway—the Qinghai-Xizang Railway（青藏铁路）. Sit back and enjoy the journey. Get ready for the trip of a lifetime.
We’re leaving Qinghai Station. The scenery along the way is some of the wildest in all of China. Keep your eyes open as we race through this 7. （beauty） land. You might see a rare Tibetan antelope（藏羚羊）from your window.
Before we begin our journey, let’s learn about this amazing railway. It’s 8. （true） one of the great engineering wonders of the 21st century. When it was completed on July 1, 2006, the Qinghai-Xizang Railway set nine world records, including the world’s highest railway at 5,072 metres above sea level, the world’s highest tunnel（隧道） at 4,905 metres, and the 9. （long） tunnel ever built on permafrost（永久冻土）.
As we travel higher, the air gets thinner and thinner. Soon there will only be 50 to 60 percent of the oxygen that we are used to breathing. But don’t be afraid. Each railcar has two separate oxygen systems. One system spreads oxygen throughout the train at all times. And each passenger can also get a 10. （person） oxygen mask just like those used on planes.
Here are a few 11. （many） things to think about as our train leaves the station. The designers solved three main challenges when building this great railway. First, the high altitude（海拔） made the task difficult because there was no enough oxygen. Second, much of the railway runs across permafrost, a type of ground that keeps changing as the weather warms and cools. 12. （Final）, the railway goes through some of the most sensitive ecology（敏感的生态环境） in China. Great care was necessary to make sure of the smallest possible influence on nature.
All three challenges were met, making our trip possible. All aboard! The train to Xizang is leaving in fifteen minutes.
[答案]7．beautiful8．truly9．longest10．personal11．more12．Finally
[解析]
7．空处修饰后面的名词land，应填形容词，故填beautiful。
8．truly在此处为强调副词，强调句子中的表语部分。故填truly。
9．此处用and连接，与前面的the world’s highest railway at 5,072 metres above sea level和the world’s highest tunnel at 4,905 metres并列,结合空前的the可知，应用最高级,故填longest。
10．此处表示个人氧气面罩。空处修饰mask，应用形容词。personal个人的。故填personal。
11．由第三段第一句“Before we begin our journey, let’s learn about this amazing railway.”及下文的介绍可知，空处暗含比较，指出发前应学习和思考的东西还有“更多”,空处应用比较级,故填more。
12．空处位于句首，修饰整个句子，表示“最终”，应填副词，故填Finally。
四.选词填空
选择方框中的词并用其适当形式填空（每词限用一次）。
true beautiful lovely young so cheerful
It was a summer day. An old man was taking a walk down a hill 1. . He wiped the sweat（擦汗）from his face and started singing a song.
Suddenly, he heard a voice. “Hello, sir.” The old man turned around, but he saw no one. “I’m here,” the voice came from beside his feet. The old man looked down and saw a 2. flower.
“Sir, would you mind answering a question ” asked the flower. “Certainly not. What do you want to know ” said the old man. The flower hesitated（犹豫） for a second and said, “Why are you 3. happy You are not 4. and maybe you don’t have many days left.” The flower went on, “My days have passed and I’m going to wither（枯萎）. That makes me sad.”
The old man laughed, “Yes, I don’t have many days left. But so what Why waste such a 5. day on something that hasn’t happened What’s gone is gone. What’s to come is to come. You can’t change it. But you can decide to enjoy this very moment that you 6. have.”
And he didn’t wait for the flower to respond（回应）. He just walked away, continuing with the happy song he had been singing.
[答案]1．cheerfully2．beautiful3．so4．young5．lovely6．truly
[解析]
1．根据下一句中的started singing a song及最后一段中的continuing with the happy song可知，老人一直是开心的状态，空处修饰was taking a walk，用副词，故填cheerfully。cheerfully欢快地。
2．空后是flower，所以此处填形容词，结合方框中所给的词可知填beautiful。a beautiful flower一朵美丽的花。
3．根据后文花朵和老人的对话可知，此处花朵是在问老人为什么如此开心。故填so。
4．根据文中多次提到的old man可知，这里填young。花不明白老人已不再年轻，而且日子也不多了，为什么他还能如此开心。
5．此处修饰名词day，需要填形容词，结合方框中的词可知填lovely。a lovely day美好的一天。
6．此处修饰动词have，需要填副词。结合方框中的词可知填true的副词形式truly。 truly真正地；enjoy this very moment that you truly have享受你真正拥有的这一刻。
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