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高中语法之非谓语用法及易错点详解
(1)过去分词作表语典型用法常位于be动词 “get+过去分词”结构也是被动语态。
过去分词 作表语 过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，主语多为人。 The pupils will be more interested if they learn by themselves. 如果学生自学，他们更会感兴趣。
The teenager got _________(burn) when he poured some hot water into the pot.
She was ________ ( employ ) in doing the rewarding job every day.
He was________ (lose) in thought that he ran against a passer-by.
4. I felt ________ (protect) and safe during the crisis.
(2)过去分词作定语典型用法
场合 用法 示例
用过去分词修饰名词作定语 单个分词常作前置定语，分词短语多作后置定语； 过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作。 It can help to build a community with a shared future for mankind," he said This is the house built several years ago.
The USA is a ______________ (shorten) name for the United States of America.
The question _________(discuss) yesterday was very important.
A piece of stone__________(find) on a Dutch suggests that our human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than we thought before.
All ________ (donate) blood is tested for HIV and other infections.
With the government’s help, those people________ (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
A team of scientists________ (lead) by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the answer.
________(write) Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.
The necklace__________ (decorate) with pearls(珍珠)must be very valuable.
（3）过去分词作宾语补足语典型用法
场合 用法 示例
观感使役类动词+sb+ done 1.巧记观感使役类动词--注意让麦克听听看看这块表有啥感觉(notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, watch, have, feel); 2.过去分词作宾语补足语，表示与宾语之间被动关系。 She couldn't make herself heard because of the traffic noise. 由于交通噪音太大，她无法让别人听到她的声音。 Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed. 在开车进城之前，你必须把车洗干净。
with+名词/代词+ done/doing 1.过去分词作宾语补足语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作； 2.对比：该结构中动词不定式表示将要发生的动作；现在分词表示一个主动动作； With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。 She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。
I drew the inside of the boa constrictor, so that the grown-ups could see it clearly. They always need to have things _______(explain).
The beginning of the film made him a little ________(interest).
He made his journey plan ________ (know) in the whole class.
Your hair is much too long .Why not have it_______(cut)
These ________ (use) plastic bottles can be recycled.
Ensure that you get your battery __________(charge) before you set off from your office. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ (develop) after tireless efforts.
With the gifts ______(give) unfairly on Christmas Eve, the youngest child in the family kept complaining to her parents.
With the camera still________(hold) to my eye, I turned… and froze.
(4)“连词+过去分词”构成状语从句省略用法
对比 用法 示例
连词+现在分词 连接词+现在分词，表示与主语之间主动关系。 When (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
连词+过去分词 连接词+过去分词表示与主语之间被动关系。 Once (it is )performed, the works of Beethoven must attract all the people present at the concert.
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
________ (compare) to big companies, the smaller ones are faced with more challenges.
_______ (build) 30 years ago, the house is still very stable.
_______ (see) from a distance, the painting is very beautiful.
_______ (follow) by a group of students, the professor walked out of the hall.
_______（give）more time, I would do the job better.
Once ______ (finish), it will be very useful for future research.
_______ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
_________ (attract) by the beauty of nature, I decided to spend another two days in the village.
When_______(ask) about their work schedules, many people preferred more flexible work hours.
To guarantee security, children, when ________( accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium
________ (heat) to 100 degrees Celsius or higher, the water becomes vapour.
Unless _____________(invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
The teacher came into the lab, _________ (follow) by some students.
Though still ______(practice) today, the tea ceremony may not be as popular as it used to be.
（5）be+过去分词+介词”结构作状语典型用法
场合 用法 示例
be + done+介词 “be+过去分词+介词”结构作状语时，be动词省略。 The boy was lost in thought, the boy didn’t hear the sound from the door. He was faced with heavy financial burden, he is thinking of moving to an area with low living expenses.
________ (face) with so much pressure, she pretended to be calm.
__________ (fill) with nervous energy, I held on tightly to my cousin.
______ (dress) in a while uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
_________(use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
_______(face) with so much trouble, China has succeeded controlling the spread of covid-19.
__________ (translate) into German, the sentence has a different word order.
The police worked day and night, ________(determine) to find the criminals.
易错点总结：
非谓语句首用哪种形式？先判断非谓语做什么成分，若为主语，则考虑_____、_____
Seeking information is an important part to make a research. 强调_____、_____、_____动作
His attending the meeting makes us surprised._____
The singing of birds woke me up._____
Being interested in books improves my wrtitting ability.
Being different from others makes Lisa lonely.
Being elected as the monitor is a great honor to Sarah.
To climb the mountain will spend us lots of time. 强调_____、_____、_____动作
To be elected as a president requires hard work.
To be misunderstood makes most of us angry.
(learn) a foreign language well requires patience and practice.
(smoke) is strictly forbidden in the area.
(respect) by others is the basic desire.
(travel) around the world is Jimmy’s dream, but (achieve) it needs a lot.
区分分词作状语和定语
The man in the black is my teacher. _____语
In the black coat, the man is my teacher. _____语
The keys on the table are mine . _____语
I found my keys on the table . _____语
The necklace decorated with pearls(珍珠)must be very valuable.
分析； 该句谓语动词为________， 因此decorate为________。又因为decorate位于修饰词necklace后面，因此，decorate with pearls 在此处作________语。功能为对necklace起到一个修饰、限定的作用，相当于形容词，可以转换为定语从句：
The necklace decorated with pearls(珍珠)must be very valuable.
Decorated with pearls, the necklace must be very valuable.
分析； 该句谓语动词为________， 因此decorate为________。又因为decorate位于句首，独立于主句之外，对主句的内容起到一个推测，因此，它作________语。可转换为状语从句：
decorated with pearls, the necklace must be very valuable.
判断：
Taken around the city，we were impressed by the city’s new look.
Jim still remembers the happy time spent with his students.
A 2020 study conducted by Common Sense Media found that people spend up to 9 hours a day in front of screens.
Conducted by Common Sense Media, a 2020 study found that people spend up to 9 hours a day in front of screens.
A team of scientists led by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the answer.
Led by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington, a team of scientistshas now found the answer.
三、若非谓语作状语，则需考虑该动词与逻辑主语之间的关系。
区分使用现在分词还是过去分词 还是动词不定式
The girl singing on the stage is my sister. 表_____ , 即逻辑主语为sing的执行者
Facing such a difficult problems, scientists were lost in thought.
The sun shining brightly makes us warm. 表_____
The park covering a large area is very famous. 表_____
Hearing the news, he jumped with excitement. 表_____
The film directed by Mr Green won a prize. 表_____ ,即逻辑主语为direct的承受者
The topic disscussed yesterday is very important.
Written in 1925, the book became a classic.
The fallen leaves covered the park. 表_____
China will become a developed country in the near future.
With homework finished, Tom went to the cinema with his classmates.
To avoid mistakes, please check your answer carefully. 表_____、_____
They chose the nearest way to save more time.
分类训练（一）单句改错
下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
1.She asked her son buy a cup of coffee.
2. With the boy led the way, the soldiers managed to walk through the forest.
3. Be worried about her son’s future, the mother is sleeping very badly these months.
4. Comparing with her achievements, her shortcomings are only secondary.
5. Walked in the park on such a cold day, these kids felt afraid.
6. Improving your English, practice is basic
7.Not know the answer, he kept silent.
8. The broken cup laid on the table, making a mess.
9. Seeing from the hill, the city looks attractive.
10. Held flowers in hand, the lady was pleased.
分类训练（二）
1.We should ride________ (share) bicycle to school as much as we can,” he said.
2. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ____________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
3. There is a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, ____________ (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report.
4.It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ________ (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.
5. But that’s how nature is — always making us (surprise).
6.They make great gifs and you see them many times __________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
7. ___________(complete) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.
9.From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ______(build) system of ring roads.
10. ______ by the teachers from small villages, he became a volunteer teacher.（encourage）
11. The novel is worth _____ （read）a second time.
12. Not _____ (receive) a reply, she decided to call again.
13. The government passed new laws, _____ (make) the environmet cleaner.
14. I heard my name _____ (call) just now.
15. We saw many walkers _____ (cross) the bridge the day before yesrterday.

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