小升初分类复习:介词讲义及练习 - 2024 - 2025学年人教PEP版(2012)英语六年级下册(含答案)

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小升初分类复习:介词讲义及练习 - 2024 - 2025学年人教PEP版(2012)英语六年级下册(含答案)

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小升初复习介词讲义及练习 - 2024 - 2025 学年人教 PEP 版(2012)英语六年级下册
一、介词的定义
介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间关系的虚词,它不能单独作句子成分,通常用于名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句前,构成介词短语,在句中可作状语、定语、表语和宾语补足语等。
二、常用介词的分类及用法
(一)时间介词
at
用于具体的时刻前:如 at 6:30(在六点半) ,at 9 o'clock(在九点钟)。
用于一些固定短语中:如 at noon(在中午),at night(在晚上),at midnight(在午夜)。
in
用于年、月、季节、世纪前:例如 in 2025(在 2025 年),in May(在五月),in spring(在春天),in the 21st century(在 21 世纪)。
用于泛指的上午、下午、晚上前:如 in the morning(在上午),in the afternoon(在下午),in the evening(在晚上)。但如果这些时间名词前有修饰词,表示具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上时,要用 on。
on
用于具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上前:比如 on Monday(在星期一),on May 1st(在五月一日),on the morning of June 2nd(在六月二日上午)。
用于星期几的复数形式前,表示 “每逢”:on Sundays(每逢周日)。
在重大节日前也可用 on:on Christmas Day(在圣诞节),on National Day(在国庆节) 。不过,festival 前通常用 at,如 at the Spring Festival(在春节期间)。
before:意为 “在…… 之前” 或 “某一时间之前”。例如:Wash your hands before meals.(饭前要洗手。)I must finish my homework before 9 o'clock.(我必须在九点前完成作业。)
after:表示 “在…… 之后”。例如:We play games after school.(放学后我们玩游戏。)She goes to bed after she watches TV.(她看完电视后上床睡觉。)
from...to...:表示 “从…… 到……”,用来描述时间或地点的范围。例如:We have classes from Monday to Friday.(我们从周一到周五上课。)The shop is open from 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m.(这家商店从上午九点营业到晚上九点。)
for:可表示一段时间。例如:I have lived here for three years.(我已经在这里住了三年了。)He studied English for two hours yesterday.(他昨天学了两个小时英语。)
since:表示 “自从…… 以来”,常与现在完成时连用。例如:I have known him since 2010.(自从 2010 年以来我就认识他了。)She has been ill since last week.(她从上周就生病了。)
(二)方位介词
in
表示在…… 里面:in the box(在盒子里),in the classroom(在教室里)。
表示在某一范围内:Shanghai is in the east of China.(上海在中国的东部。)
on
表示在…… 上面(与表面接触):The book is on the desk.(书在桌子上。)
表示毗邻、接壤:North Korea is on the east of China.(朝鲜在中国的东部接壤处。)
at
表示在某一具体地点:He is at the bus stop.(他在公共汽车站。)
用于小地点前:at the park(在公园),at the school gate(在学校门口) 。大地点前一般用 in,如 in Beijing(在北京)。
under:表示 “在…… 下面”。The cat is under the chair.(猫在椅子下面。)
over
表示在…… 正上方(不接触):There is a bridge over the river.(河上有一座桥。)
表示 “覆盖”“跨越” 等含义:Put a coat over the sleeping baby.(给睡着的宝宝盖上一件外套。)
above:表示位置高于……,但不一定是正上方,反义词是 below。The plane is flying above the clouds.(飞机在云层上方飞行。)
below:表示在…… 下面,低于……,不一定是正下方。The temperature is below zero.(温度在零度以下。)
behind:表示 “在…… 后面”。There is a tree behind the house.(房子后面有一棵树。)
in front of:表示 “在…… 前面(范围外)”。There is a car in front of the building.(大楼前面有一辆车。)而 in the front of 表示 “在……(内部的)前面”,如 The teacher is standing in the front of the classroom.(老师站在教室的前面。)
between:表示 “在……(两者)之间”,常与 and 连用。The ball is between the two chairs.(球在两把椅子之间。)
among:表示 “在……(三者或三者以上)之间”。The boy is among the crowd.(这个男孩在人群中。)
near:表示 “在…… 附近”。There is a supermarket near my home.(我家附近有一家超市。)
around:表示 “在…… 周围”“环绕”。The children are sitting around the table.(孩子们围坐在桌子旁。)
(三)动向介词
into:意为 “向里”“进入”,强调由外向内的动作。The boy ran into the room.(男孩跑进了房间。)
out of:意为 “向外”“从…… 里面出来”。The students walked out of the classroom.(学生们走出了教室。)
up:意为 “向上”。The bird flew up into the sky.(鸟儿飞向天空。)
down:意为 “向下”。The ball rolled down the hill.(球滚下了山。)
from:意为 “从……”“来自……”。I come from China.(我来自中国。)
to:意为 “到……”“向……”“往……”,表示方向或目的地。He goes to school by bike.(他骑自行车去上学。)
through:意为 “从…… 里面穿过”,指 “穿过” 这一动作在某个物体的空间内进行。The river runs through the city.(这条河穿过这座城市。)
along:意为 “沿着……”。We walked along the street.(我们沿着街道走。)
across:意为 “穿过”,这一动作在物体的表面进行。Be careful when you walk across the street.(过马路时要小心。)
(四)方式介词
by
意为 “靠……;用……;以……;乘……”,表示方式、方法或手段:by bike(骑自行车),by plane(乘飞机),by bus(乘公共汽车) 。注意:步行用 on foot。
用于被动语态中,引出动作的执行者:The book was written by Lu Xun.(这本书是鲁迅写的。)
in
使用某种语言或工具:in English(用英语),in ink(用墨水)。
穿着…… 颜色的衣服:The girl in red is my sister.(穿红色衣服的女孩是我妹妹。)
with
使用某种工具或身体某部位来做某事:He eats noodles with a fork.(他用叉子吃面条。)
表示 “和…… 一起”:I often play basketball with my friends.(我经常和朋友们一起打篮球。)
带有,具有:a house with a garden(带有花园的房子)
(五)其他介词
for
表示目的、对象,意为 “为……”:buy a gift for my mother(为我的妈妈买一份礼物),make dinner for the family(为家人做晚餐)。
表示 “对于…… 来说”:It's easy for me to learn English.(对我来说学英语很容易。)
about
表示大约时间:It's about five o'clock.(大约五点钟了。)
表示关于,对于:We are talking about the movie.(我们正在谈论那部电影。)
表示 “从事于……”“忙于……”:What are you about (你在忙什么?)
of
表示所属关系,意为 “…… 的”:the legs of the table(桌子的腿),a map of China(一幅中国地图)。
用于描述人或事物的特征、性质等:a cup of tea(一杯茶),a piece of paper(一张纸)。
like
表示比较,意为 “像……”:He looks like his father.(他看起来像他的父亲。)
表示 “比如,例如”:There are many fruits in the shop, like apples, bananas and oranges.(商店里有很多水果,比如苹果、香蕉和橙子。)
without:表示 “没有”,是 with 的反义词。We can't live without water.(没有水我们无法生存。)
except:表示 “除…… 之外(不包括在内)”。All the students went to the park except Tom.(除了汤姆,所有的学生都去了公园。)而 besides 表示 “除…… 之外(还包括在内)”,如 Besides English, we also learn Chinese, math and other subjects.(除了英语,我们还学习语文、数学和其他科目。)
三、介词短语的固定搭配
介词常常和动词、名词、形容词等构成固定搭配,这些搭配需要同学们牢记。
动词 + 介词
look for:寻找。I am looking for my keys.(我正在找我的钥匙。)
listen to:听。Listen to the teacher carefully in class.(上课要认真听老师讲课。)
wait for:等待。We are waiting for the bus.(我们正在等公共汽车。)
go to:去……。Let's go to school.(我们去上学吧。)
get to:到达。I get to school at 7:30 every day.(我每天七点半到达学校。)
arrive in/at:到达。arrive in 用于大地点,arrive at 用于小地点。We arrived in Beijing yesterday.(我们昨天到达了北京。)They arrived at the station on time.(他们按时到达了车站。)
put on:穿上。Put on your coat. It's cold outside.(穿上你的外套,外面很冷。)
take off:脱下;起飞。Take off your shoes before you enter the room.(进入房间前脱下你的鞋子。)The plane will take off in ten minutes.(飞机将在十分钟后起飞。)
turn on:打开(电器等)。Turn on the light, please.(请打开灯。)
turn off:关闭(电器等)。Don't forget to turn off the TV before you go to bed.(睡觉前别忘了关掉电视。)
agree with:同意(某人的意见等)。I agree with you.(我同意你的看法。)
talk to/with:与…… 交谈。I like to talk with my friends.(我喜欢和我的朋友们交谈。)
play with:和…… 一起玩;玩弄。The children are playing with a ball.(孩子们正在玩球。)Don't play with fire.(不要玩火。)
名词 + 介词
the key to:…… 的钥匙;…… 的答案。This is the key to the door.(这是门的钥匙。)Do you know the key to the question (你知道这个问题的答案吗?)
the way to:去…… 的路。Can you tell me the way to the hospital (你能告诉我去医院的路吗?)
a lot of/lots of:许多。There are a lot of books in the library.(图书馆里有很多书。)
a pair of:一双;一副。I need a pair of shoes.(我需要一双鞋。)
a cup of:一杯。Would you like a cup of tea (你想要一杯茶吗?)
a piece of:一张;一片;一块等。Give me a piece of paper.(给我一张纸。)
形容词 + 介词
be good at:擅长。He is good at math.(他擅长数学。)
be interested in:对…… 感兴趣。I am interested in reading books.(我对读书感兴趣。)
be afraid of:害怕。The little girl is afraid of dogs.(这个小女孩害怕狗。)
be late for:迟到。Don't be late for school.(上学不要迟到。)
be full of:充满。The room is full of people.(房间里挤满了人。)
be proud of:为…… 感到骄傲。We are proud of our country.(我们为我们的国家感到骄傲。)
四、介词的练习
(一)用适当的介词填空
We go to school ______ 7:30 every morning.
My birthday is ______ May 10th.
There is a map of China ______ the wall.
The ball is ______ the chair and the desk.
He often plays football ______ his classmates after school.
We have English class ______ the morning.
Look ______ the blackboard, please.
The cat is hiding ______ the bed.
She goes to work ______ bike every day.
I like reading books ______ weekends.
(二)单项选择
( ) 1. The train will arrive ______ Beijing at 9:00 a.m.
A. in B. at C. to D. on
( ) 2. My father usually goes to work ______ car.
A. by B. on C. in D. with
( ) 3. What do you usually do ______ Sundays
A. in B. at C. on D. for
( ) 4. The library is ______ the post office and the bank.
A. in front of B. behind C. between D. among
( ) 5. It's very kind ______ you to help me.
A. for B. of C. with D. to
( ) 6. We should wash our hands ______ meals.
A. before B. after C. during D. in
( ) 7. The bird is flying ______ the tree.
A. on B. in C. at D. above
( ) 8. He lives ______ a small village.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
( ) 9. There is a bridge ______ the river.
A. on B. over C. above D. under
( ) 10. I am looking forward ______ seeing you soon.
A. to B. for C. at D. in
(三)根据汉语意思完成句子
我通常在晚上看电视。
I usually watch TV ______ ______ ______.
桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。
There is a book and two pens ______ ______ ______.
他们正在教室里读书。
They are reading books ______ ______ ______.
他从周一到周五上学。
He goes to school ______ Monday ______ Friday.
那个女孩穿着一件红色的连衣裙。
The girl is ______ a red dress.
我们在学校门口等你。
We will wait for you ______ ______ ______ ______ the school.
你能把这本书给我吗?
Can you give this book ______ me
公园里有许多人。
There are lots of people ______ ______ ______.
他擅长踢足球。
He is good ______ ______ football.
我对音乐感兴趣。
I am interested ______ music.
五、练习答案
(一)用适当的介词填空
at
on
on
between
with
in
at
under
by
on
(二)单项选择
A
A
C
C

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