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小升初分类复习：连词讲义及练习
一、连词的定义
连词是一种虚词，它不能单独作句子成分，主要用于连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子，起到使句子结构更紧密、逻辑更连贯的作用 。
二、连词的分类及用法
（一）并列连词
并列连词用于连接并列关系的词、短语或句子，常见的并列连词有：
表并列关系
and：意为 “和；并且”，表示并列、顺承或递进关系。例如：I like reading and writing.（我喜欢阅读和写作。）；She is kind and helpful.（她善良又乐于助人。） ；Go straight and you will see the post office.（直走，你就会看到邮局。）
both…and…：表示 “两者都”，连接两个并列的成分。例如：Both Tom and Jerry like playing basketball.（汤姆和杰瑞都喜欢打篮球。） ，连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 。
表选择关系
or：意为 “或者；否则”。用于选择时，例如：Do you want tea or coffee （你想要茶还是咖啡？） ；表示 “否则” 时，例如：Hurry up, or you will be late.（快点，否则你会迟到的。）
either…or…：表示 “要么…… 要么……”，连接两个并列成分，遵循 “就近原则”，即谓语动词与 or 后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：Either you or he is right.（要么你对，要么他对。）
neither…nor…：表示 “既不…… 也不……”，同样遵循 “就近原则”。例如：Neither my parents nor I am interested in this movie.（我父母和我都对这部电影不感兴趣。）
表转折关系
but：意为 “但是”，表示前后内容的转折。例如：He is rich but not happy.（他很富有但不快乐。）
while：作连词时，也可表示转折，意为 “然而”，强调对比。例如：Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.（有些人浪费食物，然而有些人却吃不饱。）
表因果关系
for：意为 “因为”，引导原因状语从句，对前面的内容进行补充说明，不能放在句首。例如：We must start early, for we have a long way to go.（我们必须早点出发，因为我们有很长的路要走。）
so：意为 “所以；因此”，表示结果。例如：It was raining heavily, so we stayed at home.（雨下得很大，所以我们待在家里。）
（二）从属连词
从属连词用于引导从句，使从句与主句连接起来，常见的从属连词有：
引导时间状语从句
when：意为 “当…… 时候”，从句中的动词可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动词。例如：When I got home, my mother was cooking.（当我到家时，我妈妈正在做饭。）
while：意为 “当…… 时候”，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。例如：While I was reading, my sister was watching TV.（我在看书的时候，我妹妹在看电视。）
as：意为 “当…… 时候；随着”，强调主从句动作同时进行。例如：As we walked, we talked.（我们边走边聊。）；As time goes by, we are getting older.（随着时间的流逝，我们渐渐变老。）
before：意为 “在…… 之前”。例如：Please turn off the lights before you leave the room.（离开房间前请关灯。）
after：意为 “在…… 之后”。例如：He went to bed after he finished his homework.（他做完作业后就去睡觉了。）
until/till：意为 “直到…… 为止”，not…until… 表示 “直到…… 才……” 。例如：He waited until/till his mother came back.（他一直等到他妈妈回来。）；He didn’t leave until/till his mother came back.（直到他妈妈回来他才离开。）
since：意为 “自从”，从句常用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时。例如：I have lived here since I was born.（自从我出生以来，我就一直住在这里。）
引导条件状语从句
if：意为 “如果”，表示假设。例如：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。）
unless：意为 “除非；如果不”，相当于 if…not。例如：You won’t pass the exam unless you study hard.（如果你不努力学习，你就不会通过考试。）
引导原因状语从句
because：意为 “因为”，表示直接原因，语气最强，可回答 why 引导的问句。例如：He didn’t go to school because he was ill.（他没去上学，因为他生病了。）
since：意为 “既然”，表示已知的、显然的理由，通常放在句首。例如：Since you are here, you can help us.（既然你在这儿，你可以帮帮我们。）
as：意为 “因为”，语气较弱，引导的原因是附带说明的。例如：As it is raining, we have to stay at home.（因为在下雨，我们不得不待在家里。）
引导让步状语从句
although/though：意为 “虽然；尽管”，不能与 but 同时使用。例如：Although/Though it was very late, he still went on working.（尽管很晚了，他仍然继续工作。）
even if/even though：意为 “即使”，引导的从句表示一种假设的情况。例如：He will come on time even if/even though it rains.（即使下雨，他也会准时来。）
三、配套练习
（一）单项选择
I like English ______ I like Chinese better.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
______ you ______ he can join us. We want one of you.
A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
______ it was very cold, ______ he went out without a coat.
A. Although; but B. Although; / C. But; although D. /; although
You can ______ stay at home ______ go to my hometown with me.
A. not only; but also B. either; or
C. both; and D. neither; nor
I didn’t go to bed ______ my father came back.
A. when B. while C. until D. after
______ it rains tomorrow, we’ll go to the park.
A. If B. Unless C. When D. As
She is good at singing ______ dancing.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
______ you study hard, you will pass the exam.
A. Since B. As C. If D. Though
I like music, ______ my cousin doesn’t like it.
A. and B. but C. or D. so
______ he was tired, ______ he didn’t stop working.
A. Although; but B. Although; / C. But; although D. Because; so
（二）用适当的连词填空
I want to buy a shirt ______ a pair of shoes.
Hurry up, ______ you’ll be late for school.
______ it was snowing, they still went on working.
You can ______ go by bus ______ by train.
I didn’t leave ______ he came back.
______ you work hard, you’ll succeed.
He is very rich ______ he isn’t happy.
______ I got to the station, the train had left.
______ you are free, come to see me.
I like English ______ I like math, too.
（三）按要求完成句子
He is tall. His brother is short.（用 but 连接成一句）
You can go to the park. You can go to the zoo.（用 either…or… 连接成一句）
She was ill. She didn’t go to school.（用 because 连接成一句）
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.（用 unless 改写句子）
Tom likes playing football. Jim likes playing football, too.（用 both…and… 连接成一句）
四、答案
（一）单项选择
B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B
（二）用适当的连词填空
and 2. or 3. Although/Though 4. either; or 5. until 6. If 7. but 8. When 9. Since 10. and
（三）按要求完成句子
He is tall but his brother is short.
You can either go to the park or go to the zoo.
She didn’t go to school because she was ill.
We will have a picnic unless it rains tomorrow.
Both Tom and Jim like playing football.

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