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题组【题型易-临门一脚】2025年中考 考前冲刺
人与自然——自然生态与宇宙
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
题型&话题 查漏补缺
一、阅读理解：沼泽麻雀的歌曲传承 词块积累1
二、六选五：技术发展与环境污染 词块积累2
三、信息匹配：垃圾分类 词块积累3
四、语法填空：全球气候变暖 词块积累4
一、阅读理解：
（2025·广东东莞·模拟预测）Every summer, thousands of swamp sparrows (沼泽麻雀) sing songs in the North America’s wetlands. These special brown birds only know a few songs, but they sing them very well. In fact, their song list hasn’t changed much for hundreds of years.
Like humans, baby swamp sparrows learn songs from their elders. “Swamp sparrows just make few mistakes when they learn their songs,” says Robert Lachlan. Actually, they copy the music so well that it stays the same from the elder to the young.
“Just like children, the sparrows don’t remember every song they hear,” Lachlan says. “They just pick up the songs they hear most often. It’s an example of what scientists call ‘conformist bias’.” Until recently, this learning ability was thought to be special only to humans.
Between 2008 and 2009, Lachlan’s team recorded the songs of 615 swamp sparrows. The study found that only 2% of these sparrows sang a different song. “The song-types (歌曲类型) that you hear in the wetland of North America today may have been there 1, 000 years ago,” says Lachlan.
However, another team found that a few sparrows had changed their song list in recent years. Now scientists are exploring the influence of losing habitat (栖息地). Cities, roads and farms can separate a bird population into a number of different groups. It stops birds from sharing their songs with each other.
________ The future research will start from these studies. For example, scientists might learn how other animals keep their cultural traditions alive.
1．What is special about swamp sparrows
A．They can sing many songs. B．They learn songs from humans.
C．They help elders make new songs. D．They keep the same song list for years.
2．What do the underlined words “conformist bias” probably mean in Paragraph 3
A．A song list. B．A science team.
C．A learning ability. D．A human tradition.
3．Why did a few sparrows change their song list
A．Man-made buildings separated the birds.
B．The weather changed in North America.
C．People hunted a large number of swamp sparrows.
D．Swamp sparrows stayed in the wetland all the year.
4．Which of the following can be put in “________” in the last paragraph
A．Humans should protect these birds. B．The findings are really exciting.
C．Scientists disagree with the results. D．The studies are meaningless.
5．What can be the best title of the text
A．Copy Music From Birds B．Protect Traditional Songs
C．The 1000-year Bird Songs D．The Home-losing Animals
词块积累1-沼泽麻雀的歌曲传承
1. bird song learning：鸟类歌曲学习，沼泽麻雀从长辈那里学习歌曲，展示动物独特的学习方式，可用于科普动物行为和生物学习能力。
2. conformist bias in animals：动物的从众偏好，沼泽麻雀挑选常听到的歌曲学习，这种能力类似人类的学习特点，可用于对比人类和动物的学习行为。
3. stable song list：稳定的歌曲列表，沼泽麻雀歌曲列表数百年变化不大，体现动物文化传统的延续，可用于描述动物文化和生物进化的稳定性。
4. human impact on bird habitats：人类对鸟类栖息地的影响，城市、道路等破坏鸟类栖息地，影响其歌曲交流，可用于分析人类活动对自然生态的影响。
5. future research on animals：对动物的未来研究，以沼泽麻雀研究为基础探索其他动物文化传统，激发对动物研究的兴趣，可用于引导对科学研究方向的思考。
6. animal cultural traditions：动物文化传统，沼泽麻雀的歌曲传承是一种文化传统，丰富对动物文化的认知，可用于拓展对动物社会的理解。
二、 六选五：
（2025·广东深圳·模拟预测）阅读短文，从所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯。选项中有一项为多余选项。
The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. 1 To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting the earth. 2 Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true.
Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. 3 Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
4 They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by sulfur dioxide (SO ) is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution, and it is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
The earth is our home. We must take care of it. 5 And we must pay attention to the rise in pollution at the same time.
A．The more people have, the greater the pollution becomes.
B．That means keeping the land, water and air clean.
C．The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world pollution does.
D．One of the biggest problems is pollution.
E．Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water.
F．Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.
词块积累2- 技术发展与环境污染
1. types of pollution：污染类型，包括空气污染、水污染、噪音污染等，了解不同污染的危害，可用于环保写作和宣传环保知识。
2. pollution sources：污染源，人类活动是主要污染源，如燃烧煤炭、排放废气等，可用于分析污染产生的原因和环保措施的制定。
3. seriousness of pollution：污染的严重性，污染对地球和生物造成严重危害，如影响生物生存、危害人类健康等，可用于强调环保的紧迫性。
4. fighting pollution：对抗污染，许多国家制定规则减少污染，如限制燃烧煤炭、减少汽车出行等，可用于倡导环保行动和介绍环保政策。
5. environmental protection：环境保护，保护地球环境，保持土地、水和空气清洁，是每个人的责任，可用于呼吁公众参与环保。
6. pollution and population：污染与人口，人口增长与污染加剧相关，探讨人口因素对环境的影响，可用于分析环境问题的复杂性。
三、信息匹配：
（24-25九年级下·广东中山·阶段练习）配对阅读。左栏是垃圾回收箱的种类，右栏是 Mary家将要丢弃的物品。请根据垃圾分类的要求把不同的物品配对到合适的回收箱。
1 Recyclable waste It includes glass products, metal cans, plastic bottles and bags, paper, clothing and son on. 2 Kitchen waste Fruit, peel, vegetable waste, eggshell,plant leaves, bone and leftovers (剩饭) are kitchen waste. 3 Harmful waste Harmful waste includes waste, paint, batteries (电池), waste bulb, out-date drugs and other household chemicals. 4 Other waste Other waste are the things which are polluted, mixed and difficult to sort. It includes the dust, toilet paper, cigarette butts and ashes (烟头烟灰). 5 Clothes Recycling This is a special box for: the used clothes, which will be sent to the people in the poor village. Please make sure the clothes clean and complete. A．Mary’s mother Cooks a big dinner for the family. There is a large bag of rubbish left in the kitchen. B．The TV doesn’t work well and it is too old to fix. Mary’s father wants to throw it away. C． Mary grows so tall, many of her clothes are not fit her. Her mother packs a large bag of her old clothes and wants to give them away. D．Mary’s grandfather loves reading newspaper. He has collected the newspapers for a whole year, which take up much room. So Mary’s mother wants to clear them out. E. Mary’s brother is interested in chemistry. He often does small experiments with chemicals at home. But his mother thinks it’s dangerous, so she asks him to throw away the chemicals. F. The sofa in the living room is broken. All the family members prefer to change a new one. G. Mary’s father is a heavy smoker. He can smoke a pack of cigarettes a day. Mary often helps him clean up the remains of, the cigarettes.
词块积累3-垃圾分类
1. garbage classification：垃圾分类，将垃圾分为可回收垃圾、厨余垃圾等不同类型，便于垃圾处理和资源回收，可用于宣传垃圾分类知识和培养环保习惯。
2. recyclable waste：可回收垃圾，包括玻璃、金属、塑料等，了解可回收垃圾的种类，可用于日常生活中的垃圾分类实践。
3. kitchen waste：厨余垃圾，如水果皮、蔬菜残渣等，正确处理厨余垃圾可减少环境污染，可用于介绍垃圾分类的具体内容。
4. harmful waste：有害垃圾，像电池、过期药品等，认识有害垃圾的危害，可用于强调正确处理有害垃圾的重要性。
5. other waste：其他垃圾，如灰尘、烟头烟灰等，明确其他垃圾的范围，可用于完善垃圾分类的认知。
6. clothes recycling：衣物回收，将旧衣物捐赠给贫困地区，实现资源再利用，可用于倡导环保和爱心传递。
四、语法填空：
（24-25九年级下·广东深圳·开学考试）
Data shows that 2024 was the hottest year since 1961. The average temperature in the country reached 10.92°C last year, which is 1.03°C higher than the usual average, according to 1 (office) records.
Global warming is the main reason for China’s higher-than-normal temperatures. So far, it 2 (cause) rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and more extreme weather, 3 (include) longer heat waves and fewer cold days. The El Ni o phenomenon—the warming of water in the Pacific Ocean—also adds to rising temperatures. During the later stages of 4 El Ni o event, global temperatures usually rise, making global warming 5 (bad) and causing more extreme weather.
A l°C rise in temperature has a strong influence on nature. Sea levels may rise by 2.3 meters over time, threatening coastal areas. Warmer temperatures also harm wild crops and bring more pests. Some animals and plants may die out 6 they cannot adapt (适应) quickly enough.
7 (ill) related to heat, like heatstroke (中暑) and heat exhaustion (热衰竭), are becoming more common. Longer heat waves lead to higher death rates, showing the need for better healthcare and measures to prevent harm.
The year 2025 seems to continue with higher-than-normal temperatures. 8 New Year’s Day, temperatures in areas south of the Yangtze River were over 15°C, far from the cold 9 (usual) expected in winter.
10 (deal) with these problems, experts suggest developing technology to track and predict extreme weather, like heat waves, to reduce risks and improve preparedness.
词块积累4-全球气候变暖
1. global warming：全球变暖，导致气温升高、海平面上升等问题，是当前重要的环境问题，可用于环保写作和讨论气候变化。
2. rising temperatures：气温上升，2024 年气温异常升高，带来一系列危害，可用于描述气候现象和分析其影响。
3. extreme weather：极端天气，热浪、寒冷天数减少等极端天气增多，与全球变暖相关，可用于介绍气候变化的表现。
4. El Ni o phenomenon：厄尔尼诺现象，加剧全球变暖，影响气候，可用于科普气候知识和分析气候变化的原因。
5. impact on nature：对自然的影响，危害野生物种、威胁沿海地区等，强调保护自然的重要性，可用于呼吁应对气候变化。
6. health risks：健康风险，与热相关的疾病增多，关注气候变化对人类健康的影响，可用于倡导健康生活和应对气候变化的措施。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)题组【题型易-临门一脚】2025年中考 考前冲刺
人与自然——自然生态与宇宙
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
题型&话题 查漏补缺
一、阅读理解：沼泽麻雀的歌曲传承 词块积累1
二、六选五：技术发展与环境污染 词块积累2
三、信息匹配：垃圾分类 词块积累3
四、语法填空：全球气候变暖 词块积累4
一、阅读理解：
（2025·广东东莞·模拟预测）Every summer, thousands of swamp sparrows (沼泽麻雀) sing songs in the North America’s wetlands. These special brown birds only know a few songs, but they sing them very well. In fact, their song list hasn’t changed much for hundreds of years.
Like humans, baby swamp sparrows learn songs from their elders. “Swamp sparrows just make few mistakes when they learn their songs,” says Robert Lachlan. Actually, they copy the music so well that it stays the same from the elder to the young.
“Just like children, the sparrows don’t remember every song they hear,” Lachlan says. “They just pick up the songs they hear most often. It’s an example of what scientists call ‘conformist bias’.” Until recently, this learning ability was thought to be special only to humans.
Between 2008 and 2009, Lachlan’s team recorded the songs of 615 swamp sparrows. The study found that only 2% of these sparrows sang a different song. “The song-types (歌曲类型) that you hear in the wetland of North America today may have been there 1, 000 years ago,” says Lachlan.
However, another team found that a few sparrows had changed their song list in recent years. Now scientists are exploring the influence of losing habitat (栖息地). Cities, roads and farms can separate a bird population into a number of different groups. It stops birds from sharing their songs with each other.
________ The future research will start from these studies. For example, scientists might learn how other animals keep their cultural traditions alive.
1．What is special about swamp sparrows
A．They can sing many songs. B．They learn songs from humans.
C．They help elders make new songs. D．They keep the same song list for years.
2．What do the underlined words “conformist bias” probably mean in Paragraph 3
A．A song list. B．A science team.
C．A learning ability. D．A human tradition.
3．Why did a few sparrows change their song list
A．Man-made buildings separated the birds.
B．The weather changed in North America.
C．People hunted a large number of swamp sparrows.
D．Swamp sparrows stayed in the wetland all the year.
4．Which of the following can be put in “________” in the last paragraph
A．Humans should protect these birds. B．The findings are really exciting.
C．Scientists disagree with the results. D．The studies are meaningless.
5．What can be the best title of the text
A．Copy Music From Birds B．Protect Traditional Songs
C．The 1000-year Bird Songs D．The Home-losing Animals
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了沼泽麻雀通过“从众偏好”能力传承千年不变的歌曲，以及人类活动对其栖息地和歌曲传承的影响。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第1段“their song list hasn’t changed much for hundreds of years”和第4段“The study found that only 2% of these sparrows sang a different song”可知，沼泽麻雀的歌曲列表数百年来几乎未变，仅有2%的个体出现差异。故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据文章第3段“They just pick up the songs they hear most often”可知，他们只是挑选他们最常听到的歌曲。所以“conformist bias”指麻雀通过高频模仿学习歌曲的能力。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第5段“Cities, roads and farms can separate a bird population… It stops birds from sharing their songs”可知，人类建筑导致麻雀种群隔离，阻碍歌曲交流。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据“The future research will start from these studies”可知，研究结果具有启发性，此处与研究结果有关，B选项“这些发现是激动人心的”。故选B。
5．最佳标题题。主要讲述了沼泽麻雀通过“从众偏好”能力传承千年不变的歌曲，以及人类活动对其栖息地和歌曲传承的影响。标题需突出“传承”这一特点。故选C。
词块积累1-沼泽麻雀的歌曲传承
1. bird song learning：鸟类歌曲学习，沼泽麻雀从长辈那里学习歌曲，展示动物独特的学习方式，可用于科普动物行为和生物学习能力。
2. conformist bias in animals：动物的从众偏好，沼泽麻雀挑选常听到的歌曲学习，这种能力类似人类的学习特点，可用于对比人类和动物的学习行为。
3. stable song list：稳定的歌曲列表，沼泽麻雀歌曲列表数百年变化不大，体现动物文化传统的延续，可用于描述动物文化和生物进化的稳定性。
4. human impact on bird habitats：人类对鸟类栖息地的影响，城市、道路等破坏鸟类栖息地，影响其歌曲交流，可用于分析人类活动对自然生态的影响。
5. future research on animals：对动物的未来研究，以沼泽麻雀研究为基础探索其他动物文化传统，激发对动物研究的兴趣，可用于引导对科学研究方向的思考。
6. animal cultural traditions：动物文化传统，沼泽麻雀的歌曲传承是一种文化传统，丰富对动物文化的认知，可用于拓展对动物社会的理解。
二、 六选五：
（2025·广东深圳·模拟预测）阅读短文，从所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯。选项中有一项为多余选项。
The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. 1 To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting the earth. 2 Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true.
Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. 3 Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
4 They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by sulfur dioxide (SO ) is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution, and it is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
The earth is our home. We must take care of it. 5 And we must pay attention to the rise in pollution at the same time.
A．The more people have, the greater the pollution becomes.
B．That means keeping the land, water and air clean.
C．The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world pollution does.
D．One of the biggest problems is pollution.
E．Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water.
F．Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. E 4. F 5. B
【导语】本文主要讨论了现代交通和通讯手段使世界变得更小，生活变得更便利，但也带来了新的问题，尤其是污染问题。最后呼吁人们保护地球，减少污染。
1. 根据“To pollute means to make things dirty.”可知，解释了污染，故空处会引出污染问题。选项D“最大问题之一是污染。”符合语境。故选D。
2. 根据“Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true.”可知，对比了过去与现在人口对污染的影响，故空处与人口数量对污染的影响相关。选项A“人越多，污染越严重。”符合语境。故选A。
3. 根据“Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution.”可知，介绍了空气污染的害处并提到这不是唯一类型，故空处会补充其他污染形式，选项E“水污染危害鱼类和饮用水。”符合语境。故选E。
4. 根据“They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air.”可知，提到了人们减少污染的一些措施，故空处会与减少污染的措施相关。选项F“很多国家正在制定规则来对抗污染。”符合语境。故选F。
5. 根据“The earth is our home. We must take care of it.”可知，呼吁我们要保护地球，故空处会具体解释如何保护。选项B“那意味着保护土地、水和空气清洁。”符合语境。故选B。
词块积累2- 技术发展与环境污染
1. types of pollution：污染类型，包括空气污染、水污染、噪音污染等，了解不同污染的危害，可用于环保写作和宣传环保知识。
2. pollution sources：污染源，人类活动是主要污染源，如燃烧煤炭、排放废气等，可用于分析污染产生的原因和环保措施的制定。
3. seriousness of pollution：污染的严重性，污染对地球和生物造成严重危害，如影响生物生存、危害人类健康等，可用于强调环保的紧迫性。
4. fighting pollution：对抗污染，许多国家制定规则减少污染，如限制燃烧煤炭、减少汽车出行等，可用于倡导环保行动和介绍环保政策。
5. environmental protection：环境保护，保护地球环境，保持土地、水和空气清洁，是每个人的责任，可用于呼吁公众参与环保。
6. pollution and population：污染与人口，人口增长与污染加剧相关，探讨人口因素对环境的影响，可用于分析环境问题的复杂性。
三、信息匹配：
（24-25九年级下·广东中山·阶段练习）配对阅读。左栏是垃圾回收箱的种类，右栏是 Mary家将要丢弃的物品。请根据垃圾分类的要求把不同的物品配对到合适的回收箱。
1 Recyclable waste It includes glass products, metal cans, plastic bottles and bags, paper, clothing and son on. 2 Kitchen waste Fruit, peel, vegetable waste, eggshell,plant leaves, bone and leftovers (剩饭) are kitchen waste. 3 Harmful waste Harmful waste includes waste, paint, batteries (电池), waste bulb, out-date drugs and other household chemicals. 4 Other waste Other waste are the things which are polluted, mixed and difficult to sort. It includes the dust, toilet paper, cigarette butts and ashes (烟头烟灰). 5 Clothes Recycling This is a special box for: the used clothes, which will be sent to the people in the poor village. Please make sure the clothes clean and complete. A．Mary’s mother Cooks a big dinner for the family. There is a large bag of rubbish left in the kitchen. B．The TV doesn’t work well and it is too old to fix. Mary’s father wants to throw it away. C． Mary grows so tall, many of her clothes are not fit her. Her mother packs a large bag of her old clothes and wants to give them away. D．Mary’s grandfather loves reading newspaper. He has collected the newspapers for a whole year, which take up much room. So Mary’s mother wants to clear them out. E. Mary’s brother is interested in chemistry. He often does small experiments with chemicals at home. But his mother thinks it’s dangerous, so she asks him to throw away the chemicals. F. The sofa in the living room is broken. All the family members prefer to change a new one. G. Mary’s father is a heavy smoker. He can smoke a pack of cigarettes a day. Mary often helps him clean up the remains of, the cigarettes.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. E 4. G 5. C
【导语】本文是根据分类规则，将Mary家的物品与对应的垃圾回收箱进行配对。
1. 根据“Recyclable waste…” 包括玻璃制品、金属罐、塑料瓶和袋子、纸张、衣物等；可知，选项D“玛丽的祖父喜欢看报纸。他收集报纸已经一年了，这占据了很大的空间。所以玛丽的妈妈想把他们赶走。”与之对应。故选D。
2. 根据“Kitchen waste…” 包括果皮、蔬菜残渣、蛋壳、植物叶子、骨头和剩饭等；可知，选项A“玛丽的妈妈为全家做了一顿丰盛的晚餐。厨房里还剩一大袋垃圾”与之对应。故选A。
3. 根据“Harmful waste…” 包括废油漆、电池、废灯泡、过期药品和其他家用化学品；可知，选项E“玛丽的哥哥对化学感兴趣。他经常在家里做化学小实验。但他的妈妈认为这很危险，所以她让他扔掉这些化学物质。”与之对应。故选E。
4. 根据“Other waste…” 包括被污染、混合且难以分类的物品，如灰尘、卫生纸、烟头和烟灰可知，选项G“玛丽的父亲抽烟很厉害。他一天可以抽一包烟。玛丽经常帮他清理香烟的残留物。”与之对应。故选G。
5. 根据 “Clothes Recycling…” 专门用于回收旧衣物，捐赠给贫困地区；可知，选项C“玛丽长得太高了，她的许多衣服都不合身。她妈妈收拾了一大袋旧衣服，想把它们送人。”与之对应。故选C。
词块积累3-垃圾分类
1. garbage classification：垃圾分类，将垃圾分为可回收垃圾、厨余垃圾等不同类型，便于垃圾处理和资源回收，可用于宣传垃圾分类知识和培养环保习惯。
2. recyclable waste：可回收垃圾，包括玻璃、金属、塑料等，了解可回收垃圾的种类，可用于日常生活中的垃圾分类实践。
3. kitchen waste：厨余垃圾，如水果皮、蔬菜残渣等，正确处理厨余垃圾可减少环境污染，可用于介绍垃圾分类的具体内容。
4. harmful waste：有害垃圾，像电池、过期药品等，认识有害垃圾的危害，可用于强调正确处理有害垃圾的重要性。
5. other waste：其他垃圾，如灰尘、烟头烟灰等，明确其他垃圾的范围，可用于完善垃圾分类的认知。
6. clothes recycling：衣物回收，将旧衣物捐赠给贫困地区，实现资源再利用，可用于倡导环保和爱心传递。
四、语法填空：
（24-25九年级下·广东深圳·开学考试）
Data shows that 2024 was the hottest year since 1961. The average temperature in the country reached 10.92°C last year, which is 1.03°C higher than the usual average, according to 1 (office) records.
Global warming is the main reason for China’s higher-than-normal temperatures. So far, it 2 (cause) rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and more extreme weather, 3 (include) longer heat waves and fewer cold days. The El Ni o phenomenon—the warming of water in the Pacific Ocean—also adds to rising temperatures. During the later stages of 4 El Ni o event, global temperatures usually rise, making global warming 5 (bad) and causing more extreme weather.
A l°C rise in temperature has a strong influence on nature. Sea levels may rise by 2.3 meters over time, threatening coastal areas. Warmer temperatures also harm wild crops and bring more pests. Some animals and plants may die out 6 they cannot adapt (适应) quickly enough.
7 (ill) related to heat, like heatstroke (中暑) and heat exhaustion (热衰竭), are becoming more common. Longer heat waves lead to higher death rates, showing the need for better healthcare and measures to prevent harm.
The year 2025 seems to continue with higher-than-normal temperatures. 8 New Year’s Day, temperatures in areas south of the Yangtze River were over 15°C, far from the cold 9 (usual) expected in winter.
10 (deal) with these problems, experts suggest developing technology to track and predict extreme weather, like heat waves, to reduce risks and improve preparedness.
【答案】
1. official 2. has caused 3. including 4. an 5. worse 6. if 7. Illnesses 8. On 9. usually 10. To deal
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了2024年成为自1961年以来最热的一年，全球变暖是导致中国气温高于正常水平的主要原因，并详细说明了全球变暖带来的各种影响和应对措施。
1. 句意：根据官方记录，去年的平均气温达到了10.92°C，比通常的平均气温高出1.03°C。结合“records”可知，这样要填一个形容词，作定语，office的名词是official“官方的”。故填official。
2. 句意：到目前为止，它已经导致了海平面上升、冰川融化和更极端的天气，包括更长的热浪和更少的寒冷天气。结合“So far”可知，这里的时态是现在完成时，其结构为has/have+done，且主语it是第三人称单数，所以助动词要用has。故填has caused。
3. 句意：到目前为止，它已经导致了海平面上升、冰川融化和更极端的天气，包括更长的热浪和更少的寒冷天气。结合“...longer heat waves and fewer cold days.”可知，这里要填一个介词来引导一个补充说明的成分，表示包括的内容。故填including。
4. 句意：在一个厄尔尼诺事件的后期，全球气温通常会上升，使全球变暖更加严重，并导致更多极端天气。结合“El Ni o event”表泛指单数，该处要填一个不定冠词，由于“El Ni o”以元音音素开头，故用“an”。故填an。
5. 句意：在一个厄尔尼诺事件的后期，全球气温通常会上升，使全球变暖更加严重，并导致更多极端天气。结合“and causing more extreme weather.”可知，设空处需要一个形容词的比较级形式，bad的比较级是worse。故填worse。
6. 句意：如果它们不能足够快地适应，一些动植物可能会灭绝。结合语境可知，设空处需要一个连词来引导一个条件状语从句，表示“如果”。故填if。
7. 句意：与热有关的疾病，如中暑和热衰竭，正变得越来越常见。结合“like heatstroke (中暑) and heat exhaustion (热衰竭)”可知，这里是指一些疾病，所以该空要填illness的复数形式，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Illnesses。
8. 句意：在新年当天，长江以南地区的温度超过了15°C，与冬季通常预期的寒冷天气大相径庭。结合“New Year’s Day”可知，这里是指具体的某一天，所以要用介词“on”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填On。
9. 句意：在新年当天，长江以南地区的温度超过了15°C，与冬季通常预期的寒冷天气大相径庭。usual“通常的”，结合“expected”可知，这里要填一个副词修饰非谓语动词。故填usually。
10. 句意：为了处理这些问题，专家建议开发技术来跟踪和预测极端天气，如热浪，以降低风险并提高准备程度。deal“处理”，结合“...with these problems”可知，这里是指为了处理这些问题，所以该空要填一个不定式来表示目的，位于句首，首字母大写。故填To deal。
词块积累4-全球气候变暖
1. global warming：全球变暖，导致气温升高、海平面上升等问题，是当前重要的环境问题，可用于环保写作和讨论气候变化。
2. rising temperatures：气温上升，2024 年气温异常升高，带来一系列危害，可用于描述气候现象和分析其影响。
3. extreme weather：极端天气，热浪、寒冷天数减少等极端天气增多，与全球变暖相关，可用于介绍气候变化的表现。
4. El Ni o phenomenon：厄尔尼诺现象，加剧全球变暖，影响气候，可用于科普气候知识和分析气候变化的原因。
5. impact on nature：对自然的影响，危害野生物种、威胁沿海地区等，强调保护自然的重要性，可用于呼吁应对气候变化。
6. health risks：健康风险，与热相关的疾病增多，关注气候变化对人类健康的影响，可用于倡导健康生活和应对气候变化的措施。
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