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Unit 3 Same or Difference 知识清单
一、重点词组搭配
（一）人物特征描述类词汇
short hair 短发
long hair 长发
curly hair 卷发
straight hair 直发
tall build 高身材
short build 矮身材
thin build 瘦身材
heavy build 胖身材
good at sports 擅长运动
good at singing 擅长唱歌
（二）性格与行为类词汇
be outgoing 外向的
be serious 严肃的
be funny 有趣的
be friendly 友好的
be shy 害羞的
be hard - working 勤奋的
be lazy 懒惰的
be quiet 安静的
be active 活跃的
be smart 聪明的
（三）比较与对比类词汇
look similar 看起来相似
look different 看起来不同
the same as 和…… 一样
be different from 与…… 不同
as...as 和…… 一样
more than 比…… 多
less than 比…… 少
in common 共同的
make a comparison 做比较
care about 关心
（四）活动与情感类词汇
win the first prize 获得一等奖
take part in 参加
in the school music festival 在学校音乐节上
get up early 早起
stay up late 熬夜
feel confident 感到自信
feel nervous 感到紧张
feel excited 感到兴奋
give a performance 表演
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
二、重点句型用法
（一）人物比较询问与描述
How are you different from your friend （你和你的朋友有什么不同？）
I am taller than my friend.（我比我的朋友高。）
Is your sister as outgoing as you （你妹妹和你一样外向吗？）
No, she is more outgoing than me.（不，她比我更外向。）
（二）相似与不同表达
What do you and your friend have in common （你和你的朋友有什么共同之处？）
We both like sports.（我们都喜欢运动。）
In what ways are you similar to your friend （你和你的朋友在哪些方面相似？）
We are both good at English.（我们都擅长英语。）
（三）能力与行为比较
Who is better at math, you or your brother （你和你哥哥谁更擅长数学？）
My brother is better at math than me.（我哥哥比我更擅长数学。）
Does your friend study harder than you （你的朋友学习比你更努力吗？）
Yes, she studies much harder than me.（是的，她学习比我努力得多。）
（四）观点与建议表达
What do you think of differences in friends （你怎么看待朋友之间的差异？）
I think differences are important in a friendship.（我认为在友谊中差异很重要。）
We should respect each other's differences.（我们应该尊重彼此的差异。）
Let's learn from each other's strengths.（让我们互相学习彼此的优点。）
三、语法点详细梳理
（一）形容词和副词的比较级
构成规则
一般情况：单音节词和部分双音节词在词尾加 - er 或 - est，如 tall→taller→tallest，hard→harder→hardest。
以不发音的 e 结尾：加 - r 或 - st，如 nice→nicer→nicest，large→larger→largest。
以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾：变 y 为 i，再加 - er 或 - est，如 happy→happier→happiest，easy→easier→easiest。
重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母：双写该辅音字母，再加 - er 或 - est，如 big→bigger→biggest，hot→hotter→hottest。
多音节词和部分双音节词：在词前加 more 或 most，如 outgoing→more outgoing→most outgoing，carefully→more carefully→most carefully。
不规则变化：good/well→better→best，bad/badly→worse→worst，many/much→more→most，little→less→least，far→farther/further→farthest/furthest。
用法
表示两者比较：用比较级 + than
例： Emma is taller than Ella.（艾玛比埃拉高。）
表示两者程度相同：用 as + 原级 + as
例： Tom is as smart as Sam.（汤姆和萨姆一样聪明。）
表示一方不如另一方：用 not as/so + 原级 + as
例： Jack doesn't swim as fast as Sally.（杰克游泳不如萨莉快。）
比较级前可用的修饰词：much, a lot, even, still, a little, a bit 等
例： Ella dances much better than Emma.（埃拉跳舞比艾玛好得多。）
the + 比较级..., the + 比较级...：表示 “越……，越……”
例： The harder you study, the better grades you will get.
（你学习越努力，成绩就会越好。）
比较级 + and + 比较级：表示 “越来越……”
例： Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.（我们的城市变得越来越美丽。）
（二）both, all, neither, either 的用法
both：表示 “两者都”，后接复数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数
例： Both Emma and Ella are good at dancing.（艾玛和埃拉都擅长跳舞。）
all：表示 “三者或三者以上都”，后接复数名词或不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词根据名词单复数而定
例： All the students in our class like English.（我们班所有学生都喜欢英语。）
neither：表示 “两者都不”，后接单数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数，、
例： Neither of the books is interesting.（这两本书都没有趣。）
either：表示 “两者中的任何一个”，后接单数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数
例： Either of the two girls is good at singing.（这两个女孩中的任何一个都擅长唱歌。）
（三）动词 encourage 的用法
encourage sb. to do sth.：表示 “鼓励某人做某事”
例： Peter encourages Chen Jie to perform at the music festival.
（彼得鼓励陈杰在音乐节上表演。）
encouragement n.：鼓励，如 Thanks for your encouragement.（谢谢你的鼓励。）
encouraging adj.：令人鼓舞的，如 Your words are very encouraging.（你的话很令人鼓舞。）
四、本单元话题书面表达写作指导学案
（一）写作类型
记叙文：讲述自己与朋友的相似之处和不同之处，以及这些差异对友谊的影响。
议论文：讨论朋友应该相似还是不同，阐述自己的观点并给出理由。
应用文：写一封邮件给朋友，描述自己与另一位同学的比较，或写一篇自我介绍并与朋友作比较。
说明文：介绍如何比较人物或事物，或描述自己从过去到现在的变化。
（二）写作结构（以议论文 “Should Friends Be Similar or Different ” 为例）
引言（Introduction）：引出话题，提出论点，如 Different people have different opinions about whether friends should be similar or different. In my opinion, friends can be both similar and different.
主体（Main body）
论点 1：相似的朋友有共同话题，容易相处，如 Similar friends can share the same interests and hobbies, so they can have more common topics to talk about.
论点 2：不同的朋友可以互相学习，丰富彼此的生活，如 Different friends can bring new ideas and experiences, which can help each other learn and grow.
论据：结合具体事例，如自己与朋友的相似点和不同点，以及这些对友谊的积极影响。
结论（Conclusion）：总结观点，强调差异和相似之处在友谊中的重要性，如 Whether friends are similar or different, the most important thing is to respect and understand each other.
（三）写作要点
比较表达准确
正确使用形容词和副词的比较级，如 more outgoing,better at, as...as。
合理运用比较结构，如 be different from, have in common。
逻辑清晰连贯
使用连接词：first, second, however, besides, in addition 等，使文章结构清晰，如 First, similar friends can share the same interests. Second, different friends can bring new ideas.
使用举例词：for example, such as, take...as an example 等，增强说服力，如 For example, my friend Lucy is good at math, and I am good at English. We often help each other with our studies.
内容充实具体
结合生活实际，提供具体事例，如描述自己与朋友的外貌、性格、爱好等方面的比较。
加入细节描写，如 Although we are different in many ways, we both like playing basketball. We often play together and have a lot of fun.
观点明确合理
明确表达自己的观点，如 Personally, I think friends should be different because they can learn from each other.
给出合理的理由，如 Different friends can introduce you to new things and help you develop new interests.
（四）写作示例（Should Friends Be Similar or Different ）
写作大纲--Outline
Title
（题目） Should Friends Be Similar or Different
（朋友应该相似还是不同？）
Introduction
（引言） Different opinions, my view: friends can be both similar and different.
（不同的观点，我的看法：朋友既可以相似也可以不同。）
Main body
（主体） 1. Similar friends: common topics, easy to get along with.2. Different friends: learn from each other, enrich life.3. Example: my friend and I, similar in hobbies, different in study.
（1. 相似的朋友：有共同的话题，容易相处。2. 不同的朋友：取长补短，丰富人生。3. 例子：我的朋友和我，爱好相似，学习不同。）
Conclusion
（结论） Respect and understand each other, differences and similarities are important.
（相互尊重和理解，差异和相似之处都很重要。）
参考范文
Should Friends Be Similar or Different
Different people have different ideas about whether friends should be similar or different. Some people think that similar friends can get along better, while others believe that different friends can bring more fun. In my opinion, friends can be both similar and different, and both have their own advantages.
First, similar friends can share the same interests and hobbies. For example, if both you and your friend like reading novels, you can discuss the stories and characters together. This can help you have more common topics and understand each other better. My friend Lily and I both like painting. We often go to the art museum together and share our painting skills. It makes our friendship stronger.
On the other hand, different friends can bring new experiences and ideas. They can introduce you to things you have never tried before and help you learn something new. My friend Tom is very outgoing and good at sports, while I am a little shy and enjoy reading. Tom often invites me to play basketball with him, and I share my favorite books with him. Through him, I have become more active and made more friends.
In conclusion, whether friends are similar or different doesn't matter too much. The key is to respect and understand each other. Similarities can bring us closer, and differences can make our life more colorful. So, just be yourself and let your friendship grow naturally.

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