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小升初分类复习：指示代词 & 不定代词讲义及练习
一、指示代词
（一）定义
指示代词是用来指示或标识人或事物的代词，在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语，能明确指出所指代的对象。
（二）常见指示代词及用法
this 和 these
用法：this 表示 “这个”，指代较近的人或事物，为单数形式；these 表示 “这些”，是 this 的复数形式，指代较近的多个事物 。在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等。
例句：This is a pen.（作主语，这是一支钢笔。）；I like these books.（作定语，我喜欢这些书。）；Do you like this （作宾语，你喜欢这个吗？）
that 和 those
用法：that 表示 “那个”，指代较远的人或事物，为单数形式；those 表示 “那些”，是 that 的复数形式，指代较远的多个事物 。同样可在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
例句：That is a car.（作主语，那是一辆汽车。）；I don't like those shoes.（作定语，我不喜欢那些鞋子。）；Look at that!（作宾语，看那个！）
指示代词在比较结构中的特殊用法
用法：在比较结构中，常用 that 指代前面提到的单数名词或不可数名词，those 指代前面提到的复数名词，以避免重复 。
例句：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.（北京的天气比广州的（天气）冷。that 指代 the weather）；The books on the desk are newer than those on the shelf.（桌子上的书比书架上的（书）新。those 指代 the books）
二、不定代词
（一）定义
不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，能够在不明确指出具体对象的情况下表达数量或范围等概念。
（二）常见不定代词及用法
some 和 any
用法：some 和 any 都表示 “一些”，既可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。some 一般用于肯定句，any 常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句 。但在表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，常用 some。
例句：There are some apples on the table.（肯定句，桌子上有一些苹果。）；I don't have any money.（否定句，我没有钱。）；Do you have any books （疑问句，你有书吗？）；Would you like some tea （表示请求，你想喝点茶吗？）
many 和 much
用法：many 修饰可数名词复数，表示 “许多”；much 修饰不可数名词，表示 “许多” 。
例句：There are many students in the classroom.（教室里有许多学生。）；I don't have much time.（我没有很多时间。）
few，a few，little，a little
用法：few 和 a few 修饰可数名词复数，few 表示 “很少，几乎没有”，表否定意义；a few 表示 “一些，几个”，表肯定意义 。little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词，little 表示 “很少，几乎没有”，表否定意义；a little 表示 “一点”，表肯定意义 。
例句：There are few people in the room.（房间里几乎没有人。）；I have a few friends here.（我在这里有几个朋友。）；There is little water in the bottle.（瓶子里几乎没有水了。）；I can speak a little English.（我会说一点英语。）
each 和 every
用法：each 强调个体，可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语，常与 of 连用；every 强调整体，只能作定语，后面直接跟名词单数 。
例句：Each of us has a book.（我们每个人都有一本书。作主语）；Every student likes the teacher.（每个学生都喜欢这位老师。作定语）
other，the other，others，the others，another
用法：other 表示 “其他的”，作定语，修饰可数名词复数；the other 表示 “两者中的另一个”，常用于 “one...the other...” 结构；others 表示 “其他的人或事物”，相当于 “other + 可数名词复数”；the others 表示 “其余所有的人或事物”；another 表示 “三者或三者以上中的另一个” 。
例句：We study Chinese, math, English and other subjects.（我们学习语文、数学、英语和其他学科。other 作定语）；I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue.（我有两支钢笔。一支是红色的，另一支是蓝色的。）；Some students like reading, others like playing games.（一些学生喜欢阅读，其他学生喜欢玩游戏。）；There are 50 students in our class. Twenty of them are girls, and the others are boys.（我们班有 50 个学生。其中 20 个是女孩，其余的是男孩。）；I don't like this shirt. Please show me another.（我不喜欢这件衬衫。请给我看另一件。）
either 和 neither
用法：either 表示 “两者中的任何一个”，作主语时谓语动词用单数；neither 表示 “两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词也用单数 。
例句：Either of the answers is right.（两个答案中的任何一个都是正确的。）；Neither of them likes playing football.（他们两个都不喜欢踢足球。）
both
用法：both 表示 “两者都”，作主语时谓语动词用复数，常用于 “both...and...” 结构 。
例句：Both of my parents are teachers.（我的父母都是老师。）；Both Tom and Jerry like music.（汤姆和杰瑞都喜欢音乐。）
三、配套练习
（一）单项选择
—What's ______ over there —It's a bird.
A. this B. that C. these D. those
______ of the students in our class likes English.
A. Each B. Every C. Both D. All
There is ______ milk in the fridge. Let's go and buy some.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
I have two sisters. One is a doctor, ______ is a teacher.
A. other B. the other C. others D. the others
—Would you like ______ water —Yes, please.
A. some B. any C. many D. much
______ of the two boys is from America.
A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither
I don't like this coat. Can you show me ______ one
A. other B. the other C. another D. others
Some people like singing, ______ like dancing.
A. other B. the other C. others D. the others
______ books on the desk are mine. ______ are yours.
A. This; That B. These; Those C. These; That D. This; Those
______ of them can speak French. They need to learn it.
A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither
（二）用适当的指示代词或不定代词填空
______ is my pen and ______ is yours.
______ of us has a dictionary.
I have ______ friends, but I don't have ______ money.
There are ______ people in the park on weekends.
I don't like ______ shoes. Please show me ______ pair.
______ of the answers is wrong. They are both right.
Some students are cleaning the classroom, and ______ are cleaning the windows.
______ is a beautiful flower. ______ are beautiful flowers.
I have ______ water, but I don't have ______ juice.
______ of the two girls is my sister. The ______ one is my friend.
（三）按要求完成句子
This is a book.（改为复数句）
2.Those are apples.（改为单数句）
3.I have some books.（改为否定句）
4.There are many people in the room.（对划线部分提问）
5.I like this pen.（改为一般疑问句）
四、答案
（一）单项选择
B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. D
（二）用适当的指示代词或不定代词填空
This; that 2. Each 3. a few; much 4. many 5. these; another 6. Neither 7. others 8. This; These 9. a little; any 10. One; other
（三）按要求完成句子
These are books.
That is an apple.
I don't have any books.
How many people are there in the room
Do you like this pen

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