资源简介 小升初分类复习:可数名词和不可数名词讲义及练习一、可数名词和不可数名词的定义(一)可数名词可数名词是指可以用数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西,有单数和复数两种形式 。单数形式表示一个人或事物,复数形式表示两个或两个以上的人或事物。例如:book(书),其复数形式为 books;apple(苹果),复数形式为 apples 。(二)不可数名词不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西,它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式 。例如:water(水)、milk(牛奶)、rice(米饭)、bread(面包) 。二、可数名词的分类与复数变化规则(一)分类可数名词可分为个体名词和集体名词。个体名词:表示单个的人或事物,如 student(学生)、pen(钢笔)、dog(狗) 。集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的集合体,如 family(家庭)、class(班级)、team(团队) 。集体名词作主语时,若看作整体,谓语动词用单数;若强调个体成员,谓语动词用复数。例如:My family is a big one.(我的家庭是个大家庭。强调整体);My family are watching TV.(我的家人正在看电视。强调个体成员) 。(二)复数变化规则规则变化一般情况:在名词词尾直接加 -s,如 map - maps,bag - bags,day - days 。以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾:在词尾加 -es,如 bus - buses,box - boxes,brush - brushes,watch - watches 。以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾:变 y 为 i,再加 -es,如 family - families,city - cities,baby - babies ;以 “元音字母 + y” 结尾的名词,直接在词尾加 -s,如 boy - boys,day - days 。以 f 或 fe 结尾:多数变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加 -es,如 knife - knives,leaf - leaves,wolf - wolves ;少数直接加 -s,如 roof - roofs,belief - beliefs 。以 “辅音字母 + o” 结尾:有生命的加 -es,如 potato - potatoes,tomato - tomatoes,hero - heroes ;无生命的加 -s,如 photo - photos,piano - pianos 。不规则变化改变单词内部元音字母:如 man - men,woman - women,foot - feet,tooth - teeth,goose - geese 。单复数同形:如 sheep - sheep,fish - fish(表示鱼的条数时单复数同形,若表示鱼的种类,复数为 fishes),deer - deer,Chinese - Chinese,Japanese - Japanese 。词尾加 -en 或 -ren:如 child - children,ox - oxen 。有些名词只有复数形式:如 trousers(裤子)、glasses(眼镜)、clothes(衣服) 。三、不可数名词的量的表达不可数名词没有复数形式,不能直接用数词修饰。表示数量时,常借助 “数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词” 结构,且量词可以有复数形式 。例如:a piece of paper(一张纸),two pieces of paper(两张纸);a glass of water(一杯水),three glasses of water(三杯水) 。常见的修饰不可数名词的词有 some(一些)、any(一些,用于否定句和疑问句)、much(许多)、a little(一点)、little(几乎没有,表否定) 。四、名词修饰名词时的数的变化当一个名词修饰另一个名词时,一般用单数形式作定语,如 apple tree(苹果树),变复数时只把中心词 tree 变为 trees,即 apple trees 。但当 man 和 woman 作定语修饰名词时,若被修饰的名词为复数,man 和 woman 也要变为复数形式,如 man teacher(男老师),复数为 men teachers;woman doctor(女医生),复数为 women doctors 。五、配套练习(一)单项选择There are many ______ on the table.A. tomato B. potatos C. tomatoes D. tomatoeHow many ______ do you have A. photo B. photos C. photoes D. a photoI need some ______ for breakfast.A. bread B. breads C. a bread D. two breadsThe ______ are playing football on the playground.A. child B. children C. childs D. childrensThese ______ are from Japan.A. man B. men C. mans D. mensWould you like ______ milk A. some B. any C. many D. a fewI have two ______ in my bag.A. watch B. watchs C. watches D. watchssThe ______ of the tree are green.A. leaf B. leafs C. leave D. leavesThere is ______ water in the bottle.A. a few B. few C. a little D. littleThe ______ are singing songs in the classroom.A. girl B. girls C. girl’s D. girls’(二)用所给单词的适当形式填空There are five ______ (people) in my family.I have many ______ (book) on my desk.These ______ (woman) are doctors.The ______ (child) are playing games.We need some ______ (bread) and ______ (cheese) for the picnic.The ______ (leaf) on the tree turn yellow in autumn.I’d like two ______ (glass) of water.There are three ______ (knife) on the table.The ______ (man) are working in the factory.I can see some ______ (sheep) on the hill.(三)按要求改写句子This is a box.(改为复数句)2.Those are tomatoes.(改为单数句)3.There is some bread on the table.(改为否定句)4.I have five apples.(对划线部分提问)5.She needs a glass of milk.(对划线部分提问)六、答案(一)单项选择C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. B(二)用所给单词的适当形式填空people 2. books 3. women 4. children 5. bread; cheese 6. leaves 7. glasses 8. knives 9. men 10. sheep(三)按要求改写句子These are boxes.That is a tomato.There isn’t any bread on the table.How many apples do you have What does she need 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览