资源简介 / 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科知识过关第1讲 词汇(一)量词 含义:表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词叫做量词。特点:可以帮助可数名词和不可数名词表示数量。分类:确切数量(1)数词+量词+of+可数名词复数a box of apples(2)数词+量词+of+不可数名词a cup of coffee不确切数量①修饰可数名词复数many/too many/few/a few/a number of/these/those/dozens of/several/a couple of②修饰不可数名词不确切数量much/too much/little/a little/a bit of③修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词some/any/a lot of/lots of plenty of/must(二)祈使句肯定祈使句(1)Do型:动词原形开头(2)Let型:Let+宾语+动词原形(3)Be型:Be十名词否定祈使句(1)Do型和Be型:句首加Don't或never(2)No型:“No+名词/动名词”(3)Let型:Let十宾语十not十动原(三)一般过去时结构为:主语+was/were.../主语+动词过去式+其他。-般过去时的用法(1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:met an old friend two days ago.两天前我遇见了一位老朋友。(2)表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作(过去常常做某事也可用 used to do sth.来表示)。例如:When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river.当我在乡下时,我常常在河里游泳。(3)与一般过去时连用的时间状语ago 以及 ago 词组one year ago-年以前;yesterday 及 yesterday 词组yesterday afternoon昨天下午;last及last 词组last month 上个月;just now,in the past, in 2021等;used to..; once upon a time, one day等。(4)动词过去式变化规则1.般在动词原形后直接加-ed。work→worked,stay-stayed2.以不发音的e结尾的动词,后只加-d。like-liked,encourage-encouraged3.辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed。study-studied, carry-carried4.以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,则双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。Stop-stopped, beg-begged还有一些动词变过去式是不规则变化(如:read→read,win→won go→went,am、is→was,are→were,know→knew,do →did),这些需要同学们单独记忆。(四)连词连词是连接词、短语、从句或句子的一种虚词。连词没有句子重音,也不能单独用作句子成分。连词按词义及其句法作用可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词连接具有并列关系的词、短语、从句或句子。从属连词引导各种从句本部分主要讲解并列连词and、but和or的常见用法1.and 的用法1)表示等同关系,常连接两个事物、同时发生的动作或存在的状态,意为“和;又;而”,有时候 and 不译出。例如:Tom and I lent early.我和汤姆早离开了Do it slowly and carefully,要慢慢仔细地做。1 cooked lunch, and I made a cake.我做了午饭,还做了一个蛋糕。表示动作的先后,意为“然后:接着”。例如:She came in and took her coat of.她进来后脱了外衣。表示目的,多位于动词 come、go、try、slay、stop等之后,再跟动词。这种句型中,and 不必译出。例如:We stopped and bought some bread,我们停下来买了一些面包。I'll come and see you soon.我很快就会来看你。表示结果,意为“结果是;那么;就”。例如:Miss another class and you will fail,你再缺一次课就会不及格。连接两个相同的词,表示动作的持续或程度的增加。例如:The pain got worse and worse.疼痛越来越厉害了He read the text over and over,他一遍又一遍地读课文。在数词中,and可以用来表示加法,或连接十位与百位数。例如:Two and two makes four.2加2等于4.two hundred and thirty-five 2352.but 作连词时的用法1)表示对比或对照,意为“而;却”。例如:I got it wrong. It wasn't the red one but the blue one.我弄错了。不是红的那个,是蓝的那个2)表示转折,意为“但是;可是”,可用来连接两个并列分句或并列成分。例如:We were tired but happy yesterday.昨天我们很累,但很高兴。用在表示歉意的话后,引导一个分句。在这种型中,but通常不译出。例如:I'm sorry, but[have to go.很抱歉,我得走了。or 的用法1)表示选择,可用来连接等立的分句或句子成分,意为“或者;还是”。例如:Would you like tea or coffee 你想喝茶还是喝咖啡 The children can go with us,or they can stay at home,孩子们可以和我们一起去,或者他们留在家中。用于警告或忠告或说明原因,意为“否则;不然"。例如:He must like her, or he wouldn’t keep calling her.他一定喜欢她,不然他不会老给她打电话I must go now, or I shall be late for the birthday party.我现在务必走,否则参加生日宴会就迟到了。表示不定,意为“约为,或"。例如:He was born in 2010 or 2011.他出生在 2010年或2011年。用于否定句,意为“也不”。例如:He can't read or write.他不会读,也不会写。介词介词一般用于名词或代词前,表示该词与句子其他成分的关系。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语。介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。表示场所、方向、时间和日期的介词有:表示场所的介词及短语:at、in、on、under、near、next to、between、behind、in front of2.表示方向的介词及短语:along、across、to、across from3.表示时间和日期的介词:at、on、in介词构成的短语:of: a picture of my familysome places of interestfor: a ticket for speeding for a short timea present for Kangkang's birthdaya good plan for the holidaysto: take these flowers to the partygive it to youto the eastby: by bus/bike/car/'boat/ship/train/plane/subway by handat:at half past sevenat the end of the Park Roadat the first crossingat the back of the classroomat schoolat homeat the partybe good atat the age ofon:后面跟日期、星期几或含有日期和星期几的时间状语。on May 22ndon weekdayson Mondayon the morning of New Year's Dayon footon the playgroundon the streeton the second flooron the rightin:后面跟年、月和季节。例如:in the new yearin2003in Junein spring后面跟地点。from: be different frombe far frombe across fromcome fromlearn..fromabout: learn about the pastknow about school lifesomething about Yunnanwith: with my friendsplay with houseswith big yardswith one's helpafter: after school/work/dinner/lunchunder: under ¥500 a monthunder the treenear: near my deskbehind: behind the dooralong: go along this roadacross: go across the bridge一、单项选择1.Before shopping, we should make ______ shopping list.A.a B.an C.the D./2.—What are you doing now —I ________ TV.A.watch B.am watchingC.watches D.will watch3.I need two ________ of bread for breakfast.A.piece B.pieces C.loaf D.loafs4.—________ is it from your home to school —It’s about five kilometers.A.How long B.How far C.How much D.How many5.—______ will you finish your homework — In an hour.A.How many B.How soon C.How long D.How much6.The book ________ the desk is mine.A.at B.of C.on D.from7.At the start of the class, the teacher often checks ______ homework.A.we B.us C.our D.ours8.Why not ______ a new dress Your old one is too small.A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.bought9.—The Amazon River is one of the longest rivers in the world.—Yes, it runs________many countries in South America.A.in B.through C.across D.over10.We need water ________ the plants alive.A.keep B.to keep C.keeping D.kept11.It’s important ________ us to save every drop of water.A.for B.of C.with D.to12.—John, ________ up now or we’ll be late for the bus.—All right. I’ll be quick.A.gets B.get C.to get D.getting13._________ call me Wangwang! It’s my dog’s name!A.Not B.No C.Don’t D.Doesn’t14.Although he had a stomachache during the race, he ________ running.A.continue B.continues C.continued D.will continue15.Who _________ the computer Who is the owner of the _________ computer A.broken; broken B.broke; brokenC.breaks; broke D.broken; breaks16.Last weekend, Kangkang ________ a volunteer activity to clean up the park.A.join B.joins C.joined D.joining17.She ________ a gold medal at the City Swim Meet last week.A.win B.wins C.won D.will win18.The players fought on and ________ three goals in the last 25 minutes.A.score B.scores C.scored D.will score19.They ________ a new library in our school last year.A.build B.built C.builds D.are building20.There is a bridge ________ the river. You can walk ________ the river.A.over; across B.above; across C.over; cross D.above; cross21.You ________ play with fire. It’s very dangerous.A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.don’t have to D.may not22.On the way to Mount Heng, the scenery was so beautiful that all of us lost ________ in it.A.myself B.themselves C.ourselves D.yourself23.Jack walks into the art club ________, because the students are drawing in it.A.slowly B.happily C.quietly D.exactly24.—Jack is always saying “please” and “thank you”.—Yes, he is a very ______ boy. Everyone likes him.A.huge B.polite C.funny D.quiet25.At school, students should care for their classmates and ________ their teachers.A.hurt B.respect C.protect D.stand26.Zhou Dong’s team set up an online shop ________ the oranges.A.sell B.to sell C.selling D.sold27.—What do you think of your school —It’s a good place for us to ________ ourselves for the future.A.move B.hunt C.improve D.order28.I wanted to join the drama show, ________ I was too busy.A.and B.but C.or D.so29.Please read the text ________ and find the main idea.A.careful B.carefully C.quick D.quickly30.Zhou Dong ________ his job in the city to help his hometown.A.took B.gave up C.looked for D.loved31.The teacher asked us to ________ the classroom after the activity.A.tidy up B.take out C.put on D.look after32.I ________ a hole and planted a tree in the school garden.A.dug B.made C.found D.saw33.In the dragon boat race, we need to row the boat ________ and cheer each other on.A.quickly B.slowly C.quietly D.loudly34.They ________ the game because they didn’t work as a team.A.won B.lost C.missed D.joined35.To improve his basketball skills, Wang Feng keeps on ________ playing basketball every day.A.practice B.practices C.practicing D.to practice/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科试卷第1页,共3页试卷第1页,共3页参考答案1.A【详解】句意:购物之前,我们应该制作一个购物清单。考查冠词。a一个,不定冠词,泛指,用在辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,不定冠词,泛指,用在元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,特指;/零冠词。根据“make...shopping list”可知,此处表示制作一个购物清单,shopping为辅音音素开头,其前面应用a。故选A。2.B【详解】句意:——现在,你在做什么?——我在看电视。考查时态。根据“What are you doing now ”可知,此处表示现在正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时。故选B。3.B【详解】句意:我早餐需要两片面包。考查名词辨析及可数名词复数。piece片;loaf条。根据“two ... of bread”可知此处表示两片面包或两条面包均可,two后用可数名词复数,loaf的复数loaves,D项错误。故选B。4.B【详解】句意:——从你家到学校有多远?——大约五公里。考查特殊疑问句。How long多长;How far多远;How much多少钱;How many多少。根据“It’s about five kilometers.”可知,设空处应该对距离提问。故选B。5.B【详解】句意:——你多久能完成作业?——一小时后。考查特殊疑问句。How many多少(修饰可数名词);How soon多久(询问时间,通常用于将来时);How long多长时间(询问时间段);How much多少(修饰不可数名词)。根据“In an hour”可知,此处询问“多久能完成”,用How soon符合语境。故选B。6.C【详解】句意:桌子上的书是我的。考查介词辨析。考查介词辨析。at在……(地点);of……的;on在……上;from从……。根据“The book…the desk is mine.”可知,指书在桌子上,表示位置关系,故选C。7.C【详解】句意:上课开始时,老师常常检查我们的家庭作业。考查人称代词辨析。we我们,人称代词主格;us我们,人称代词宾格;our我们的,形容词性物主代词;ours我们的,名词性物主代词。根据“At the start of the class, the teacher often checks...homework.”可知,homework“作业”,名词,用形容词修饰,our“我们的”,形容词性物主代词,可以修饰homework。故选C。8.A【详解】句意:你为什么不买一件新裙子?你的旧裙子太小了。考查特殊疑问句。Why not do sth.“为什么不做某事”,why not后面接动词原形。故填A。9.B【详解】句意:——亚马逊河是世界上最长的河流之一。——是的,它流经南美洲的许多国家。考查介词辨析。in在……里;through穿过(内部);across穿过(表面);over在……上方。根据“many countries in South America.”可知,亚马逊河流经南美洲的许多国家,是内部穿过,用through。故选B。10.B【详解】句意:我们需要水来使植物保持存活状态。考查非谓语动词。need sth. to do sth.“需要某物做某事”,这里表示需要水来让植物存活,应用动词不定式to keep。故选B。11.A【详解】句意:对我们来说,节约每一滴水是很重要的。考查介词辨析。for为了、对于;of……的、属于;with和……一起、具有;to到、向、对于。根据“It’s important...us to save every drop of water.”可知,句中“It’s+形容词+for/of sb. to do sth.”是一个固定句型,意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。当形容词是描述事物的特征或性质时,使用“for”;当形容词是描述人的性格、品质等时,使用“of”。在句中,“important”是描述“save every drop of water”这件事是重要的,因此使用“for”。故选A。12.B【详解】句意:——John,现在起床,否则我们会赶不上公交车。——好的。我会很快的。考查祈使句。根据“John, ... up now or we’ll be late for the bus.”可知此处是祈使句,以动词原形开头。故选B。13.C【详解】句意:不要叫我旺旺!这是我狗的名字!考查祈使句的否定形式。Not不(副词);No不(形容词);Don’t不要(否定祈使句);Doesn’t不(第三人称单数形式)。在英语中,祈使句的否定形式通常用“Don’t + 动词原形”来表示。根据“It’s my dog’s name!”可知,此处表示“不要叫我旺旺”,用Don’t符合语境。故选C。14.C【详解】句意:虽然他在比赛中胃疼,但他还是继续跑。考查时态。根据had可知,时态为一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式continued。故选C。15.B【详解】句意:谁弄坏了电脑?这台坏电脑的主人是谁?考查动词时态和形容词用法。broken“坏掉的,破损的”,形容词;broke“弄坏,打破”,过去式;breaks“弄坏,打破”,动词三单形式。第一空,根据“Who … the computer ”可知,这里需要一个动词作谓语,“弄坏了电脑”是过去发生的动作,谓语动词应用过去式broke;第二空,根据“the … computer”可知,此处是指这台坏了的电脑,应用形容词“broken”作定语修饰名词“computer”。故选B。16.C【详解】句意:上周末,康康参加了清洁公园的志愿者活动。考查一般过去时。join参加,动词原形;joins参加,动词三单,一般现在时;joined参加,一般过去时;joining参加,动名词。根据“Last weekend”可知,应为一般过去时。故选C。17.C【详解】句意:她在上周的城市游泳会上获得了一枚金牌。考查时态。根据“last week”可知,时态为一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,win“赢”的过去式为won。故选C。18.C【详解】句意:球员们继续比赛,并在最后25分钟进了三个球。考查动词时态。根据“fought”可知,时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式。故选C。19.B【详解】句意:他们去年在我们学校建了一座新图书馆。考查时态。根据时间状语“last year”可知表示过去动作,用一般过去时,谓语用过去式“built”。故选B。20.A【详解】句意:河上有一座桥。你可以步行过河。考查介词和动词辨析。over介词,指在某物的正上方且不与某物接触;across介词,穿过;cross动词,穿过。根据“There is a bridge… the river.”可知第一空表示桥梁在河流的正上方悬空,用over;第二空前有动词walk,walk across“步行穿过”。故选A。21.A【详解】句意:你不准玩火。这非常危险。考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止,不准;needn’t不必;don’t have to不必;may not可能不。根据“You...play with fire. It’s very dangerous.”可知,这里表示禁止玩火,强调危险性。故选A。22.C【详解】句意:在去恒山的路上,风景太美了,我们都迷失在其中。考查反身代词。myself我自己;themselves他们自己;ourselves我们自己;yourself你自己。根据“all of us”可知,需ourselves作宾语。lose oneself in sth.意为“迷失在……”,固定搭配。故选C。23.C【详解】句意:Jack静静地走进艺术俱乐部,因为学生们正在里面画画。考查副词辨析。slowly慢慢地;happily高兴地;quietly静静地;exactly确切地。根据“because the students are drawing in it.”可知,学生们正在艺术俱乐部里绘画,因此Jack静静地走进俱乐部。故选C。24.B【详解】句意:——Jack总是说“请”和“谢谢”。——是的,他是一个非常有礼貌的男孩。每个人都喜欢他。考查形容词辨析。huge巨大的;polite有礼貌的;funny有趣的;quiet安静的。根据“Jack is always saying ‘please’ and ‘thank you’.”可知总是说“请”和“谢谢”,是有礼貌的,用“polite”。故选B。25.B【详解】句意:在学校,学生应该关心同学并尊重老师。考查动词辨析。hurt伤害;respect尊重;protect保护;stand站立。根据“At school, students should care for their classmates and … their teachers”可知,学生应该尊重老师。故选B。26.B【详解】句意:周东的团队开了一家网店来卖橘子。本题考查非谓语动词。sell卖,动词原形;to sell动词不定式;selling现在分词或动名词形式;sold过去式和过去分词。根据“Zhou Dong’s team set up an online shop...the oranges.”可知,此处用动词不定式“to sell”表目的,即“建立网店的目的是销售橘子”。故选B。27.C【详解】句意:——你觉得你们学校怎么样?——对我们而言,它是一个为未来提升自己的好地方。考查动词辨析。move移动;hunt捕猎;improve提升;order预定,命令。根据“It’s a good place for us to...ourselves for the future.”可知,此处表示学校是提升自己的好地方。故选C。28.B【详解】句意:我想参加戏剧表演,但是我太忙了。考查连词辨析。and和;but但是;or或者;so所以。根据“I wanted to join the drama show,...I was too busy.”可知,“想参加戏剧表演”和“太忙”是转折关系,用but符合语境。故选B。29.B【详解】句意:请仔细阅读文本并找出主旨大意。考查副词。careful仔细的;carefully仔细地;quick快速的;quickly快速地。空处修饰动词,应用副词,排除AC;根据“find the main idea”可知,找出主旨大意需要仔细阅读文本,故选B。30.B【详解】句意:周东放弃了他在城市的工作去帮助家乡。考查动词及动词短语辨析。took拿走;gave up放弃;looked for寻找;loved热爱。根据“to help his hometown”可知,他放弃了城市工作。故选B。31.A【详解】句意:老师要求我们在活动结束后整理教室。考查动词短语。tidy up整理;take out取出;put on穿上;look after照顾。根据“after the activity”和“classroom”可知,活动结束后需要整理教室。故选A。32.A【详解】句意:我在学校花园里挖了一个坑,种了一棵树。考查动词词义辨析。dug挖;made制作;found发现;saw看见。根据“planted a tree”可知,是挖了一个坑,故选A。33.A【详解】句意:在龙舟比赛中,我们需要快速划船并互相加油。考查副词辨析。quickly快速地;slowly缓慢地;quietly安静地;loudly大声地。根据“In the dragon boat race, we need to row the boat...”可知,在龙舟比赛中,为了获胜需要“快速”划桨。故选A。34.B【详解】句意:他们输了比赛,因为他们没有团队合作。考查动词辨析。won赢得;lost输掉;missed错过;joined加入。根据“because they didn’t work as a team”可知,他们没有团队协作,所以此处为输掉了比赛。故选B。35.C【详解】句意:为了提高自己的篮球技术,王峰坚持每天练习打篮球。考查动词短语。keep on doing“坚持做某事”,是固定搭配,空处应是practicing。故选C。 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览