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专题02 中考易混易错词汇和句型用法盘点
一词多义盘点
Group One
★dress①n.连衣裙，衣服；② v.给 … 穿衣服
助记:She is going to dress herself in a red dress.
★free adj.①空闲的；2免费的
助记:I often go to see free art shows when I'm free.
★drink ① v.喝，喝水，喝酒；②n.饮料
助记:He can drink two bottles of drinks at a time.
★ right ①n.右边；2 adj. 对的，正确的
助记:In China, it's right to drive on the right side of the road.
★cook ①n.厨师；2 v.烹饪，做饭（菜）
助记Jim is a cook and he can cook delicious dishes.
★fish ① v.钓鱼，捕鱼；2 n.鱼（可数名词），鱼肉（不可数名词）
助记:Uncle Wang likes fishing, but he doesn't like eating fish. If he catches a fish. he usually lets it free.
★blue ①n.蓝色；2 adj.蓝色的，悲伤的
助记：The girl in a blue dress is in a blue mood today.
★key ①n.钥匙，关键；2 adj.关键的
助记:Finding the key to the case is the key step in this game.
★watch ①n.表，手表；2v.观看，注视
助记:By my watch, it's time to watch Evening News.
★shop ① v.购物；② n.商店
助记:We often go shopping in that shop.
★study ①n.书房；②v.学习，研究
助记：This is my study and I often study in it.
★bank n.① 银行；②河岸，湖岸
助记：The bank stands on the bank of the lake.
★rain ① n.雨，雨水；②v.下雨
助记：It often rains here,so there is much rain all year round.
★hard ① adj.困难的，坚硬的； ②adv.努力地
助记:It isn't hard for you to learn English well if you work hard.
Group Two
★beat ①n. 拍子，敲击；②v.打，打败,击打
助记：The sound of him beating the ball was as rhythmic as the drum beat.
★break①v.打破，折断：②n.（短暂）休息
助记:She broke a glass when she had a break between the two classes.
★drop ①v.落下，掉下； ②n.水滴
助记：A drop of rain dropped on my forehead just now.
★fit ① adj.健康的，合适的；② v.适合，安装
助记:Mr Lee fitted the fit lights to his new house.
★lift ①v.举起，抬起；②n.电梯，升降机
助记:He lifted a box and walked into the lift.
★land ①n.陆地，土地；②v.登陆，降落
助记:A spaceship landed on the empty land.
plant ①v.种植，播种；② n.植物，工厂
助记:My grandmother likes plants very much, so she planted many flowers and trees in her garden.
★row ① v.划（船）；②n.一排，一行
助记:They sat in a row and then started to row.
★stop ① n.车站，停靠点；②v.停止，阻止
助记:Buses stop at every bus stop.
★warm ①v.使···暖和；② adj.温暖的
助记:I warmed myself at the fire and soon I felt warm all over.
★book ① n.书，书本；② v.预定，订购
助记：I want to book an English book online.
★cover ①v.覆盖，遮住；② n.盖子，封面
助记：Don't cover the dictionary's cover, please.
★fall ①v.跌倒，落下，下降：②n.秋天
助记:In fall, a lot of tree leaves begin to fall to the ground.
Group Three
★grade n. ①年级；②成绩
助记:I hope to get better grades in Grade 8.
★like ① prep.像，与……一样；②v.喜欢，喜爱
助记:My cat looks like a little tiger and I like it very much.
★wood n. ①木头，木材；②树林，森林
助记:The wood here was cut from the woods on that hill.
★wonder ①v.想知道；② n.奇迹
助记:I wonder how they created such a wonder.
★correct ① adj.正确的：②v.纠正、修正
助记:Your answer was correct, so it didn't need to be corrected.
★cold ① adj.寒冷的；②n.感冒
助记:It's easy for us to catch a cold in cold weather.
★clean ① adj.干净的；②v.打扫
助记：I clean my bedroom every day, so it is always clean.
★name ①n.名字，名称；②v.给……命名/取名
助记:Her name is Lin Fan and it was named by her grandpa.
★dish n.①盘子；②菜肴
助记:We have many dishes at home and my mother often makes some delicious dishes.
★park ①n.公园；② v.停车
助记：After he parked his car, he went to the park with his friend.
★phone ①n.电话，电话机；② v.给……打电话
助记:She used my phone to phone her mother just now.
★show ① v.给……看，出示；②n.演出, 展示，展览（会）
助记：Can you show me the pictures of the show
★walk ①n.散步；②v.走，行走，步行
助记：The old couple usually walk to the park and take a walk there for an hour or so.
根据语境，把句中黑体单词的词义写在后面的植
Group Four
★ color ①n.颜色；②v.给…·…着色
助记:I don't like these colors, so I want to color the picture again.
★farm ①n.农场，农舍；②v.耕种
助记:The farmers are farming on the farm.
★either ①adv. 也不；② prep.两者之一
助记·I don't want to see either of them, either.
★film ① n.电影，影片；②v.拍摄
助记:That is a silent film which was filmed in 1905.
★notice ①n.通告，通知，公告牌；② v.看（或听）到，注意到，意识到
助记：There was a notice that the meeting was canceled, but he didn't seem to notice and went to the meeting room on time.
★pretty ① adj.漂亮的，美观的，精致的；② adv.非常，很，相当，几乎
助记:Iry is a pretty girl who has just finished a pretty impressive performance.
★step① n.台阶，梯级，脚步；②v.踩，走，跨步
助记:We stepped carefully over the snow-covered steps.
★easy ① adj.容易的，舒适的；② adv.不费力地，从容地
助记:He took it easy because it was an easy question for him.
★bear ①n.熊；② v.忍受
助记:The bear lay in the cave all day because it couldn't bear the hot weather.
★change ①n.变化，零钱，硬币；②v.更换，变化
助记:When I changed my clothes, I found some change in the pocket.
★experience n.①经验（不可数名词）；②经历（可数名词）
助记:His experiences enabled him to get much working experience.
Group Five
★empty ① adj.空的，空虚的，空洞的;②v.把……倒空，把……倒出来，（河流）流入
助记:We found the dustbin was empty, but we didn't know who emptied it.
★form ①n.类型，形式，表格；②v.（使）成形，组成，（使）排列成，构成
助记:Jackson and his friends can play many different forms of musical instruments, so they formed a band.
★mark ①n.分数，记号，迹象；②v.打分，做记号
助记:After the teacher marked exam papers, he told me that I got full marks.
★miss ①n.小姐，女士；②v.迟到，错过，未达到
助记:Because of cultural differences, Miss Zhang missed the point of the joke.
★long ① adj.长的；② v.渴望
助记:The children are longing for a long holiday.
★experience n.①经验（不可数名词）；②.经历（可数名词）
助记:His experiences enabled him to get much working experience.
★cotton ①n.棉花；②棉布
助记:Cotton can be woven into cotton,and cotton can be made into clothes.
★close ① v.关上，关闭；②adj.靠近的，接近的、亲密的
助记:She went in. closed the door and started to chat with her close friend Mary.
★exercise ①v.锻炼；②n.锻炼，训练，练习（题）
助记:I usually exercise after finishing exercises, such as running and doing morning exercises.
★narrow ①adj.狭窄的，勉强的，狭隘的；②v.使窄小 变窄、缩小（范围）
助记：The falling stones narrowed the narrow path, making it only half as wide as before.
★ realize v. ①理解，领会，意识到：②实现，将……变为现实
助记:I realized that I must study hard if I want to realize my dream.
Group Six
★ship ① n.（大）船，轮船，舰；②v.船运，运输，运送
助记:These are Tom's company's ships and they ship its goods to foreign countries.
★shoot ①n.幼苗，新枝；② v.射击，击中
助记:He shot at the bamboo shoot, but didn't shoot it.
★seat ①n.座位；② v.坐下
助记:He found a seat and seated himself at once.
★travel①v.旅行，旅游；②n.旅行，旅游
助记:He traveled around the world and wrote some books on his travel.
★charge ①n.主管，掌管；②v.收费，要价，把……记在账上
助记:After that man took charge of the company, it stopped charging for delivery（递送）.
★circle ① v.圈出，画圈：②n.圆圈
助记He circled the word and wrote its Chinese meaning beside the circle.
★last ① v.持续；②adj.最后的
助记：The last talk lasted a long time.
★light① adj.明亮的；②n.光，光线，电灯
助记：The room is light and you needn't turn on the light.
★operate v.①操作，工作；②动手术
助记:Doctors operate instruments to operate on patients.
★present ① adj.现在的，目前的，当今的：② n.礼物
助记:The kids at the present time usually get some presents on their birthdays.
★separate ① adj.单独的，分开的；②v.（使）分开，（使）分离
助记：We need to separate these things. For example, vegetables must be kept separate from meat.
★turn ① v.拐弯；②n.转弯处
助记:You should turn right at the next turn.
二、4类词形变化规则
一、可数名词变复数规则
规则变化：
1.一般情况下加-s(desks)；
2. 以元音字母加y或o结尾，加s(boys, radios,zoos)；
3.以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i，再加-es(stories)；
4.以s，x，ch，sh结尾加-es(buses, boxes, watches, brushes)；
5.以字母f/fe结尾，变f/fe为v，再加-es(wolf→wolves, knife→knives)；
6.以辅音字母加o结尾，有生命的加-es(potatoes,tomatoes,heroes)；无生命的加-s(photos)。
不规则变化：
1.单复同形(sheep)；
2.变a为e(men)；
3.变oo为ee(feet, teeth)；
4.其他形式(children, mice)。
二、动词变单三规则
1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后加-s(sees)；
2.以s，x.ch，sh，o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es(watches)；
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es(studies)。
三、动词变过去式/过去分词规则
规则变化：
1.一般情况下在词尾加-ed(cooked)；
2.以不发音的e结尾的动词，在词尾加-d(lived)；
3.以重读闭音节词结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed(planned)；
4.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed(carried)。
不规则变化：
动词不规则变化
1.AAA型（原形→原形→原形）
原形 过去式 过去分词 意义
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 切；割
hit hit hit 撞；击
hurt hurt hurt 伤害
let let let 让
put put put 放
read read read 读
set set set 设置；放置
shut shut shut 关上；关闭
spread spread spread 传播
2.AAB型（原形→原形→原形＋－en）
原形 过去式 过去分词 意义
beat beat beaten 打败
3.ABA型（原形→过去式→原形）
原形 过去式 过去分词 意义
become became become 成为
come came come 来
run ran run 跑
4.ABB型（原形→过去式→过去式）
原形 过去式 过去分词 意义
bring brought brought 带来
build built built 建造
buy bought bought 买
catch caught caught 捉；抓
deal dealt dealt 处理
dig dug dug 挖
feed fed fed 喂
feel felt felt 感到
fight fought fought 打架
find found found 发现
have had had 有
hear heard heard 听见
hold held held 举办
keep kept kept 保持
lay laid laid 放
lead led led 领导
leave left left 离开
lend lent lent 借
lose lost lost 丢失
make made made 制造
mean meant meant 意味着
meet met met 遇见
pay paid paid 支付
say said said 说
sell sold sold 卖
send sent sent 送；寄
shine shone shone 照耀
sit sat sat 坐
sleep slept slept 睡觉
spend spent spent 花费
stand stood stood 站立
stick stuck stuck 粘住；刺入
sweep swept swept 打扫
teach taught taught 教
tell told told 告诉
think thought thought 认为
understand understood understood 理解
win won won 获胜；赢得
5.ABC型
①原形→－ew→－own
原形 过去式 过去分词 意义
blow blew blown 吹
fly flew flown 飞
grow grew grown 生长
know knew known 知道
throw threw thrown 扔
②－i→－a→－u
原形 过去式 过去分词 意义
begin began begun 开始
drink drank drunk 喝
ring rang rung 打电话
sing sang sung 唱歌
swim swam swum 游泳
③原形→过去式→过去式＋－（e）n
原形 过去式 过去分词 意义
break broke broken 打破
choose chose chosen 选择
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
speak spoke spoken 说
steal stole stolen 偷窃
wake woke woken 醒来
④原形→过去式→原形＋－（e）n
原形 过去式 过去分词 意义
draw drew drawn 画
drive drove driven 开车
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
give gave given 给
hide hid hidden 躲藏
ride rode ridden 骑
rise rose risen 升起
see saw seen 看见
shake shook shaken 摇动
show showed shown 表明
take took taken 拿
write wrote written 写
⑤其他
原形 过去式 过去分词 意义
be（am/is /are） was/ were been 是
do（does） did done 做
go went gone 去
wear wore worn 穿
6.有两种形式
原形 过去式 过去分词 意义
burn burnt burnt 燃烧
burned burned
dream dreamt dreamt 做梦
dreamed dreamed
hang hung hung 悬挂
hanged hanged （被）绞死
learn learnt learnt 学习
learned learned
lie lied lied 说谎
lay lain 躺；平放
smell smelt smelt 闻
smelled smelled
四、形容词/副词变比较级和最高级规则
规则变化：
（1）规则变化
构成方法 原级→比较级→最高级
直接在词尾加-er， -est fast→faster→fastest　　　　　long→longer→longest
以不发音的字母e结尾的加-r， -st large→larger→largest　　　　nice→nicer→nicest brave→braver→bravest　 late→later→latest　 wide→wider→widest
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i，再加-er， -est happy→happier→happiest　　 easy→easier→easiest angry→angrier→angriest　 ugly→uglier→ugliest early→earlier→earliest　 busy→busier→busiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，先双写这一辅音字母，再加-er， -est big→bigger→biggest　 fat→fatter→fattest thin→thinner→thinnest　 wet→wetter→wettest hot→hotter→hottest　 red→redder→reddest fit→fitter→fittest　 glad→gladder→gladdest sad→sadder→saddest
部分双音节和多音节词，在其前加more， most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful careful→more careful→most careful
不规则变化：
good/well—better—best
many/much—more—most
bad/badly—worse—worst
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest
old—older/elder—oldest/eldest
little—less—least
三、常考句型盘点
考点1：What/How about...？句型
　　What/How about...？意为“……怎么样？” 其中about为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。该句型常用于两种情况：
①向对方询问情况或打探消息。
②在非正式场合中向对方提出建议，相当于“Would you like...？”。
其肯定回答为：OK！/All right！/（It’s a/Sounds like a） Good idea！
否定回答为：Sorry， I’m afraid...
常见提建议的句型还有如下几种：
①Would you like to do sth.？你想要做某事吗？
②Shall we do sth.？让我们做某事好吗？
③Let’s do sth.！让我们做某事吧！
④You’d better （not） do sth. 你最好（不要）做某事。
⑤Would/Could you please （not） do sth.？请你（不要）做某事好吗？
⑥Would you mind doing sth.？ 你介意做某事吗？
⑦Why not do sth.？/Why don’t you do sth.？ 你为什么不做某事呢？
考点:2：　It’s time （for sb.） to do sth.句型
句型 意义
It’s time （for sb.）to do sth. 到（某人）该做某事的时间了。
It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。
It’s the/one’s＋序数词＋time＋to do sth. 某人第几次做某事。
如：
①The new year is coming， and it’s time for us to make New Year’s resolutions.
新年就要到了，是我们做新年计划的时候了。
②It’s 12 o’clock now. It’s time for lunch.
现在12点了。该吃午饭了。
③It’s her first time to visit the Great Wall.
这是她第一次参观长城。
考点3　It’s＋adj.＋（for/of sb.）to do sth.句型
（1）It’s＋adj.＋（for sb.） ＋to do sth.，意为“（对某人来说）做某事是……的”。其中it是形式主语，句中的动词不定式是真正的主语。如：It’s necessary for students to have some labor courses. 学生上一些劳动课程是很有必要的。
（2）It’s＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.，意为“某人做某事是……的”。其中所用的形容词为描述行为者的性格、品质的一类词。如：It’s very nice of you to offer me help. 你能主动帮我，真是太善良了。
考点4.询问疾病的句型
常见的生病/看病用语 ①询问病情常用语： ②表示生病的短语： ③当得知某人生病或住院时，常用“I’m sorry to hear that.”来回应。 ④询问别人现在病情如何时，常用“How are you feeling now？”；当表示“好多了”时常用“Much better./Fine./I’m feeling quite well now.”来回答。
考点5 How do you like...？/What do you think of...？句型
（1）What do you think of/about...？ ＝How do you like/feel about...？意为“你觉得……怎么样？”，用来询问对某人或某事的印象、评价、看法等。其中，of/about/like后接名词、代词或v.－ing形式。
（2）其答语多为阐述自己的看法或表明自己喜欢的程度。常见答语为“主语＋love（s）/like（s）/don’t（doesn’t） like/can’t stand＋宾语”，或者“Pretty good./It’s fantastic./Wonderful.”等表示观点、看法的句子。
考点6 make+宾语+宾补的用法
Because it makes him strong and it's popular all over the world.因为这使他强壮而且这在世界范围内流行。
精准解读
结构 意义
make sb. sth.=make sth. for sb. 为某人制造某物
make+宾语+名词 使……成为
make+宾语+形容词 使……怎么样
make+宾语+过去分词 使……被……
make sb. do (sth. )/ be made to do (sth. ) 使…·做……
如：
She made coffee for us all.=She made us all coffee.她给我们大家冲了咖啡。
The class all want to make Peter their monitor.全班学生都想让Peter当他们的班长。
The colorful activities during the 30-minute break help make teenagers healthier and stronger.
在30分钟的大课间里丰富多彩的活动有助于青少年更加健康和强壮。
Can you make yourself understood in Russian 你能用俄语表达你的意思吗
She always makes me laugh.她总是让我发笑。
考点7 “做某事有困难”的表达方式：
考点8 It is said that...句型
It's said that half of the students don't have breakfast regularly or don't eat anything at all in the morning.
据说有一半的学生没有规律地吃早餐或者早上一点东西都不吃。
精准解读
句型及分析 相似句型
It is said that... “据说……，有人说·…” 其中it 是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语 It is believed that... “人们认为/相信……” It is hoped that... “人们希望……” It is supposed that... “据推测/人们猜测……” It is reported that... “据报道……” It is known to all that... “众所周知……” It is expected that... “人们期望……”
如：
It is said that they have won the game.据说他们已经赢得了那场比赛。
It is believed that the castle was built in the 16th century.人们相信这座城堡建于16世纪。
It is known to all that doing sports is good for health. 众所周知，运动有益健康。
考点9 It's +adj. + that...句型
It's true that suitable uniforms can show good discipline.得体的校服的确可以展示良好的风纪。
精准解读
如：It's well-known that reading books can help us learn new things and improve our imagination.
众所周知，读书可以帮助我们学习新事物，提高我们的想象力。
It's wonderful that I can spend time with my family during the weekend.
周末我能和家人在一起真是太棒了。
It's necessary that we(should) wash our hands before eating to keep ourselves healthy.
为了保持身体健康，我们在吃饭前洗手是必要的。
It is impossible that she (should) accept his invitation. =It is impossible for her to accept his invitation.
她不可能接受他的邀请。
It is nice that you give us so much help.=It is nice of you to give us so much help.
你这么帮助我们真是太好了。
考点10　too... to...结构
（1）too ＋adj.＋（for sb.）＋ to do sth. 意为“（对某人来说）太……以致不能做某事”。
（2）too... to...结构可与so... that...结构进行转换，也可与not... enough to do...结构换用。如：
The bag is too small to hold all these books. ＝ The bag is so small that it can’t hold all these books. ＝ The bag is not big enough to hold all these books.
这个包太小了，装不下所有的这些书。
考点11　Thank you for...句型
（1）Thank you for...＝Thanks for...意为“因……而感谢你（们）”。for为介词，后接名词或动名词，表示感谢的理由。
（2）其常见答语有：You are welcome./It’s a pleasure./My pleasure. /Not at all. /Don’t mention it. 这些都表示“不客气”。
考点12　How is it going？句型（补全对话涉及）
　　How is it going？＝How are things going？意为“一切都好吗？”，用来询问事情的进展情况或某人近况。
类似的表达有：How are you doing recently/today？（2022补全对话）/How’s your day？/How’s everything going？
　　肯定回答：Pretty good！/Everything goes well./Not bad./Great！
　　否定回答：Terrible./Not so well.
考点13　询问天气的句型（补全对话涉及）
　　询问天气的句型有：How is the weather/What is the weather like...？
　　常见答语为：It is/It was/It will be ＋表示天气的形容词.
常见表示天气的形容词有cloudy， sunny， snowy， rainy， windy等。
考点14.There be句型的结构及用法
结构：“There be＋主语（人或物）＋地点/时间状语”，表示“某处（或某时）有某人（或某物）”。
用法：遵循就近原则。be动词必须和邻近主语在数上保持一致，即就近原则。
如：
There is a pen and some books on the desk. 　
There are some books and a pen on the desk.
2.There be句型的不同句式
肯定句式：There be＋主语＋地点/时间状语。如： There is some water in the glass.
否定句式：There be＋not/no＋主语＋地点/时间状语。如：There isn’t any water in the glass.
一般疑问句：Be＋there＋主语＋地点/时间状语？如：Is there any water in the glass？
特殊疑问句：对主语提问，主语是人用who，主语是物用what。无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，提问时一般都用be的单数形式。结构为What/Who＋be＋地点/时间状语？如：Who is in the room？
对地点提问，用Where＋be＋主语？如：Where is the computer？
对数量提问，用How much/How many＋主语＋be＋there＋地点/时间状语？如：How much water is there in the glass？
四、中考常考交际用语梳理
类型一　社会交往
1.问候与介绍
－Nice to meet you， Mr. Green. I’m Sandy and this is Jim， Bob and Helen.
很高兴见到你，格林先生。我是桑迪，这是吉姆、鲍勃和海伦。
－Pleased to meet you all. 很高兴见到你们。
－How is everything going？ 最近好吗？
－Not bad. 还不错。
2.告别
－I’m afraid I must go now. 恐怕我现在得走了。
－Goodbye！/See you！ 再见！
3.致谢
－Thank you for showing me the way. 谢谢你给我指路。
－Not at all. 不客气。
－Thanks for your invitation. 谢谢你的邀请。
－You’re welcome. 不客气。
－It’s very nice of you to help me. 你帮助我，你真好。
－My pleasure. 别客气。
4.道歉
－Sorry， I forgot to buy a pen for you.
对不起，我忘了给你买钢笔了。
－Never mind. I’ll get one myself tomorrow.
没关系。我明天自己去买一个。
－I’m sorry that I broke your cup. 对不起，我打碎了你的杯子。
－It doesn’t matter. I have another one. 没关系。我还有一个。
5.请求允许
－Could you please help me with my English？
你能帮我学英语吗？
－No problem. 没问题。
－Would you please take out the rubbish？ 你能扔一下垃圾吗？
－Certainly. I’ll do it at once. 当然。我马上扔。
－It’s a little cold. Would you mind closing the window？
天气有点冷。你介意关下窗户吗？
－Not at all. I will do it right away. 不介意。我马上关。
－May I use your dictionary， please？
请问，我能用下你的字典吗？
－Sure. Go ahead. 当然。用吧。
－Would you mind if I borrow your computer？
你介意我借你的电脑用一下吗？
－You’d better not. I’m using it now. 你最好不要。我正在用着。
－Mom， can I have a pet？ 妈妈，我能养一只宠物吗？
－I’m afraid not. Our apartment is too small.
恐怕不行。我们的公寓太小了。
6.邀请与约会
－Would you like to go to the movies with me？
你愿意和我一起去看电影吗？
－Sure， I’d love to. 当然，我很乐意。
－I’d like to invite you to Shanghai Disneyland with us.
我想邀请你和我们一起去上海迪士尼乐园。
－It’s very nice of you. 你真好。
－Can you go with us？ 你能和我们一起去吗？
－Of course. I’m looking forward to seeing you.
当然。我很期待见到你们。
－Would you mind dancing with me？ 你介意和我跳舞吗？
－Certainly not. 当然不。
－Are you free this weekend？ 这个周末你有空吗？
－I’m afraid not. I have to prepare for the English test.
恐怕没有。我得准备英语考试。
－Will you join us in the card games？
你愿意和我们一起玩纸牌游戏吗？
－I’d like to， but I have something important to do.
我很想去，但我有重要的事要做。
－When and where shall we meet？ 我们什么时候在哪里见面？
－At 9 o’clock at the gate of our school. 九点钟在我们学校门口。
7.祝愿和祝贺
－Happy New Year！ 新年快乐！
－The same to you. 你也一样。
－I will take an important exam tomorrow.
我明天要参加一个重要的考试。
－Good luck！ 祝你好运！
－Have a nice day！ 祝你今天过得愉快！
－You， too. 你也是。
－I’m going to Hong Kong with my parents tomorrow.
明天我要和父母一起去香港。
－Enjoy yourself！ 玩得开心！
－I won first place in the competition. 我在比赛中得了第一名。
－Congratulations！ 恭喜你！
8.请求与帮助
－Can I help you？ 需要帮忙吗？
－Yes， please. The luggage is too heavy.
好的，谢谢。这行李太重了。
－What can I do for you？ 我能为你做些什么？
－I’d like to go to the meeting room. 我想去会议室。
－This way， please. I’ll show you there. 请这边走。我带你去。
－Let me help you to carry the box. 让我帮你搬这个箱子。
－I can manage it myself. Thank you all the same.
我自己能应付。还是谢谢你。
9.打电话
－Hello！ This is Tom speaking. Is that John？
喂！我是汤姆。你是约翰吗？
－Sorry， he isn’t in. May I take a message？
抱歉，他不在。我可以为你捎个口信吗？
－Hello， is that Ann speaking？ 喂，你是安吗？
－Speaking， please. 我是，请讲。
－Hello， is Jack in？ 喂，你是杰克吗？
－Yes. Who’s that？ 是的。你是谁？
－Hi， this is Peter speaking. 嗨，我是彼得。
10.就餐
－May I take your order？ 我可以为您点菜吗？
－I’d like some salad. 我想要些沙拉。
－Would you like more dumplings？ 你想要更多的饺子吗？
－No， thanks. I’m full. 不用了，谢谢。我吃饱了。
－What size would you like？ 你想要多大（碗）的？
－I’d like a small bowl. 我想要一小碗。
11.就医
－You don’t look well. What’s wrong/the matter with you？
你看起来不太好。你怎么了？
－I feel terrible and can’t stop coughing. 我觉得很难受，咳嗽不止。
－How long have you been like this？ 你这样多久了？
－For two days. 两天了。
－Have you taken your temperature？ 你量体温了吗？
－Yes， I have. It’s OK. 是的，量了。体温正常。
－I have a headache and I can’t sleep well. 我头痛而且睡不好。
－Take this medicine three times a day and have a good rest. You’ll be all right soon.
这种药每天服用三次，好好休息。你很快就会好的。
12.购物
－May I help you？ 需要帮忙吗？
－I want to buy a sweater. 我想买件毛衣。
－May I try it on？ 我可以试穿一下吗？
－Of course you can. 你当然可以。
－How much is it？ 它多少钱？
－It’s 100 dollars. 100美元。
－Oh， it’s too expensive. 啊，太贵了。
－The dress looks nice on you. 你穿这件裙子很好看。
－That’s fine. I’ll take it. 那很好。我要了。
－Here it is. 给你。
13.问路
－Excuse me， can you tell me where the nearest bank is， please？ 打扰一下，请问最近的银行在哪里？
－Turn left at the first crossing. It’s next to a supermarket. You can’t miss it.
在第一个十字路口向左拐。它在一家超市旁边。你不会错过的。
－Excuse me， where is the Moonlight Hotel？
请问，月光酒店在哪里？
－Go down this street and turn right， or you can take bus No.4.
沿着这条街走，然后右转，或者你可以乘4路公共汽车。
－Excuse me， is this the way to the museum？
请问，这是去博物馆的路吗？
－Sorry， I don’t know. I’m new here.
抱歉，我不知道。我是新来的。
－How far is it from here？ 它离这儿有多远？
－It’s about 500 meters from here. 它离这儿大约500米。
14.谈论天气
－What’s the weather like today？ 今天天气怎么样？
－It’s sunny. 天气晴朗。
－How’s the weather in Beijing？ 北京的天气怎么样？
－It’s been raining since last night， but the sun will come out soon. 从昨晚开始一直在下雨，但太阳很快就要出来了。
－What terrible weather！ 多么糟糕的天气啊！
－Yeah. I want to go out， but it’s raining heavily.
是啊。我想出去，但雨下得很大。
15.语言交际困难
－Can you get some paper for me， please？请给我拿些纸好吗？
－Pardon？ Could you say it again？ 什么？你能再说一遍吗？
－Can you lend me your new bike tomorrow？
明天你能把你的新自行车借给我吗？
－I can’t hear you clearly. It’s so noisy here.
我听不清楚。这里很吵。
16.提醒、禁止和劝告
－Remember to close the windows when you leave the classroom.
离开教室时记得关上窗户。
－OK， I will. 好的，我会的。
－Don’t throw litter here！ 不要在这里乱扔垃圾！
－Sorry， I won’t. 对不起，我不会了。
－I’m going to take the kids to the movie theater.
我要带孩子们去电影院。
－You’d better not. They are too young.
你最好不要。他们太小了。
17.建议
－Could you give me some advice？ 你能给我一些建议吗？
－Well， you can try that one. 嗯，你可以试试那个。
－I’m worried about the final exam. What should I do？
我担心期末考试。我该怎么办？
－Take it easy. You should believe in yourself.
别紧张。你应该相信自己。
－Shall we make a cake for Tina as a birthday gift？
我们给蒂娜做一个蛋糕作为生日礼物好吗？
－Good idea！ 好主意！
－How about having some noodles？ 吃点面条怎么样？
－That sounds good. 听起来不错。
－Why don’t you go to the park with Susan？
你为什么不和苏珊一起去公园呢？
－All right. 好吧。
类型二　态度
1.同意与不同意
－Miss Green is a good teacher. 格林小姐是一位好老师。
－That’s for sure. She is always kind and patient.
那是肯定的。她总是和蔼又耐心。
－We should wash hands before eating meals. 我们应该饭前洗手。
－I agree. 我同意。
－Only those who have a lot in common can get along well.
只有那些有很多共同点的人才能相处得很好。
－I don’t think so. 我不这么认为。
－I don’t like the movie. It’s boring. 我不喜欢这部电影。很无聊。
－Well， I don’t agree. I think it’s a moving story.
哦，我不同意。我觉得它是一个感人的故事。
2.希望与愿望
－Do you think it’s going to rain this afternoon？
你认为今天下午会下雨吗？
－I hope not. It has been raining too much lately.
我希望不要。最近雨下得太多了。
－Maybe you can catch the last bus. 也许你能赶上末班车。
－I hope so. If not， I’ll have to walk home.
我希望如此。如果不行，我就得步行回家。
3.意愿和打算
－What’s your plan for the holiday？ 你假期的计划是什么？
－I plan to climb the mountain. 我打算去爬山。
－Where are you going for your summer vacation？
你暑假要去哪里？
－I’m going to Australia. 我要去澳大利亚。
－What do you want to be when you grow up？
你长大后想做什么？
－I want to be an engineer. 我想成为一名工程师。
4.表扬和鼓励
－I’ve won first prize in the match！ 我在比赛中得了一等奖！
－Well done！干得好！
－I’m afraid to speak in public. 我不敢在公共场合演讲。
－Come on！ You can do it. 加油！你能做到的。
5.喜欢和偏好
－Which do you prefer， tea or coffee？
你更喜欢哪个，茶还是咖啡？
－I prefer tea. 我更喜欢茶。
－What’s your hobby？ 你的爱好是什么？
－I like reading. 我喜欢读书。
－Why do you like pandas？ 你为什么喜欢熊猫？
－Because they are cute. 因为它们可爱。
－My sister likes game shows very much.
我妹妹非常喜欢游戏节目。
－Oh， I can’t stand them. I love soap operas.
哦，我受不了它们。我喜欢肥皂剧。
－Well， I don’t mind soap operas. But my favorite TV shows are talk shows.
嗯，我不介意肥皂剧。但我最喜欢的电视节目是谈话节目。
类型三　情感
1.高兴和满意
－Mom， I did some cooking when you went out on business.
妈妈，你出差的时候我做了一些饭。
－Nice work！ I am proud of you. 做得好！我为你感到骄傲。
2.惊奇
－Mike lost the tennis match yesterday. 迈克昨天输了网球比赛。
－Really？I can’t believe it. He’s the best player in our school！
真的吗？我简直不敢相信。他是我们学校最好的运动员啊！
－Today， I met a classmate I haven’t seen for many years！
今天，我遇到了一位多年未见的同学！
－What a surprise！ 真是个惊喜！
－I’ll get married. Please come to my wedding party next Sunday.
我要结婚了。请下星期天来参加我的婚礼。
－Are you serious？Wow！ Congratulations！
你是认真的吗？哇！恭喜！
3.关切
－You don’t look well， what’s the matter/what happened？
你看起来不太好，怎么了？
－I had a big fight with my little brother last night.
昨晚我和弟弟大吵了一架。
4.安慰
－Our team lost the basketball game yesterday.
我们队昨天输掉了篮球比赛。
－It’s not a big deal. I believe you can do better next time.
没什么大不了的。我相信你们下次可以做得更好。
－I’m afraid I can’t do well in the game. 我怕在比赛中发挥不好。
－Take it easy. It’s just for fun. 别紧张。只是玩玩而已。
－Oh， no！ We’ve missed the 9 o’clock train！
哦，不！我们错过了9点钟的火车！
－Don’t worry. There is another one in half an hour.
别担心。半小时后还有一班。
5.难过或遗憾
－Mrs. Wu was badly ill in hospital yesterday.
吴女士昨天病重住院了。
－I am sorry to hear that. 听到这个消息我很难过。
－Tim fell off his bike and hurt his leg.
蒂姆从自行车上摔下来，伤了腿。
－That’s too bad. 那太糟糕了。
－I have an important meeting this weekend， so I can’t hang out with you.
这个周末我有一个重要的会议，所以我不能和你出去玩了。
－What a pity！ I thought we could had a good time together.
真遗憾！我想我们本可以在一起玩得很开心。
－I went to buy a ticket for the concert， but there was none left.
我去买音乐会的票了，但一张也没有了。
－What a shame！ 真可惜！
类型四　其他
1.问时间
－What’s the time？/What time is it？ 几点了？
－It’s eight o’clock. 八点整。
－What’s the date today？ 今天是几号？
－It’s August 12th. 8月12日。
－What day is it today？ 今天星期几？
－It’s Thursday. 星期四。
－How often do you visit your grandparents？
你多久去看望一次你的爷爷奶奶？
－Once a week. 一周一次。
－How long have you been there？ 你在那儿多久了？
－For two weeks. 两周了。
2.问空间
－How far is the bank from the hospital？银行离医院有多远？
－About 10 minutes’ drive. 大约10分钟的车程。
－Where are the keys？ 钥匙在哪里？
－They’re on the bed. 它们在床上。
3.问特征
－What color is the shirt？ 这件衬衫是什么颜色的？
－It’s blue. 它是蓝色的。
－What’s the shirt made of？ 这件衬衫是什么做的？
－It’s made of cotton. 它是棉制的。
－What’s the shape of the table？ 这张桌子是什么形状的？
－It’s round. 它是圆形的。
－What size do you need？ 你需要多大尺寸的？
－Size M. M号。
－How much are the shoes？ 这双鞋多少钱？
－They are 200 yuan. 200元。
4.问计量
－How long is the bridge？ 这座桥有多长？
－It’s about 100 meters long. 大约100米长。
－How wide is the river？ 这条河有多宽？
－It’s about 10 meters wide. 大约10米宽。
－How high is the mountain？ 这座山有多高？
－It’s about 900 meters. 大约900米。
－What’s your weight？ 你的体重是多少？
－I’m not sure. I’ve lost some weight lately.
我不确定。我最近瘦了一些。
－How many apples are there in the box？ 箱子里有几个苹果？
－Six. 六个。
5.问姓名
－May I have your name？/What’s your name？
能告诉我你的名字吗？/你叫什么名字？
－My name is Tony. 我叫托尼。
6.问年龄
－How old are you？ 你多大了？
－I’m 15 years old. 我15岁了。
7.问故乡
－Where are you from？/Where do you come from？ 你来自哪里？
－I’m from China. 我来自中国。
8.问职业
－What does your father do？/What’s your father？
你父亲是做什么的？
－He is a doctor. 他是一名医生。
9.问地址
－Where do you live？/What’s your address？
你住在哪里？/你的地址是什么？
－No.8 Green Street. 格林街8号。
10.问电话
－What’s your phone number？ 你的电话号码是多少？
－It’s 6688－8866. 它是6688－8866。
11.问相貌
－What does he look like？ 他长什么样？
－He is tall and has black hair. 他很高，有一头黑发。
12.问性格
－What is he like？ 他是什么样的人？
－He is a little shy. 他有点害羞。
13.问人口
－What’s the population of China？/How large is the population of China？
中国有多少人口？
－I don’t know the exact number， but I know that China has a very large population.
我不知道确切的数字，但我知道中国人口很多。
14.问意思
－Sorry， I don’t follow you. What do you mean by saying “look out”？
对不起，我不明白你的意思。你说“向外看”是什么意思？
－I asked you “to be careful”， not “to look outside”.
我让你“小心点”，而不是“向外看”。
15.问感受
－What do you think of the film？/How do you like the film？
你觉得这部电影怎么样？
－It’s the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
16.问方式
－How do you get to school？ 你怎么去学校？
－By bike. 骑自行车。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

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