资源简介 专题09 动词的时态和语态(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)1.(2024·四川·中考真题)Look at the children. They ________ kites in the park now.A.flew B.flies C.are flying D.will fly2.(2024·四川·中考真题)I ________ movies since I first went to the cinema.A.love B.loved C.am loving D.have loved3.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—Mom, when can I have an ice cream —When you ________ your meal. But don’t rush it.A.finish B.will finish C.finishes D.finished4.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)To make our hometown more beautiful, we _______ many trees and flowers every year.A.plant B.are planting C.planted D.were planting5.(2024·北京·中考真题)A lot of people in China ________ by high-speed train every year.A.travel B.traveled C.will travel D.have traveled6.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)—There ________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best —Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan.A.are B.is C.were D.was7.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)He ________ much healthier if he ________ enough exercise in his free time.A.is; take B.will be; takes C.will be; take8.(2024·河北·中考真题)Jenny is an early bird. She ________ at 6:00 in the morning.A.gets up B.got up C.will get up D.has got up9.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs.A.write; showing B.writing; show C.write; show D.writing; showing10.(2024·北京·中考真题)—What did you do last Saturday, Tina —I ________ to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer there.A.go B.went C.will go D.was going11.(2024·西藏·中考真题)He ________ have breakfast because he woke up late this morning.A.does B.did C.doesn’t D.didn’t12.(2024·天津·中考真题)— Jane and I _________ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us — Sure. See you then.A.had B.have had C.were having D.are going to have13.(2024·河北·中考真题)I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I ________ later.A.order B.ordered C.was ordering D.will order14.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)—Oh, no! Your brother left his umbrella at home. There ________ heavy rain this afternoon.—Don’t worry, Mom. I’ll bring it to him.A.was B.has been C.are D.will be15.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)—Dear, I have an important meeting tomorrow.—It doesn’t matter. If you _______ go to the movie tomorrow, I _______ my friend to go with me.A.don’t; will ask B.won’t; will askC.don’t; ask D.won’t; ask16.(2024·海南·中考真题)—What’s the noise, Peter —I ________ my desk, Mum.A.repaired B.am repairing C.will repair17.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)Look! The students ________ an art class in the park.A.have B.were having C.had D.are having18.(2024·吉林·中考真题)Look! The students in Class One _________ a class meeting. It’s about good habits.A.have B.are having C.had19.(2024·四川乐山·中考真题)—Hello, may I speak to Jenny, please —Wait a minute, please. She ________ in the kitchen now.A.cooked B.is cooking C.will cook20.(2024·广西·中考真题)Listen! The birds ________ in the tree now.A.sing B.sang C.are singing21.(2024·江苏扬州·中考真题)Look! My sister ________ the table. Let’s give her a hand.A.set B.sets C.is setting D.was setting22.(2024·云南·中考真题)—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon.—Oh, I ________ singing for the graduation ceremony at that time.A.will practice B.have practiced C.am practicing D.was practicing23.(2024·四川遂宁·中考真题)—Tim, what were you doing when I called you —I ________ bicycle with my sister.A.was cutting up B.am making up C.am picking up D.was fixing up24.(2024·四川泸州·中考真题)—Hi, Ethan. I called you at 8:00 last night, but you didn’t answer.—Sorry, I ______ the dishes.A.wash B.washedC.am washing D.was washing25.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there.A.was back B.came back C.has come back D.has been back26.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—I’m afraid the tickets to the concert have been sold out.—Don’t worry. I ________ two tickets online already.A.have bought B.will buy C.may buy27.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—Mum, I ________ the living room already.—Good job! It is so tidy now.A.have cleaned B.will clean C.am cleaning D.clean28.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Red Star Over China(《红星照耀中国》)is a great book. I ________ it three times already.A.read B.reads C.has read D.have read29.(2024·江苏镇江·中考真题)So far, some of the dialects (方言) ________ in use for thousands of years. They are full of local color.A.were B.are C.have been D.will be30.(2024·江苏常州·中考真题)I ______ Yancheng Park several times, so I know a lot about it.A.was visiting B.have visited C.visit D.will visit31.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—Good morning! May I have a plate of dumplings, please —Sorry. Dumplings ________ only at dinner.A.serve B.are served C.are serving D.will serve32.(2024·海南·中考真题)To protect the environment, more and more trees ________ in our country every yearA.have planted B.plant C.are planted33.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)I feel proud that Chinese ________ by the most people in the world.A.is saying B.is spoken C.speaks34.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival.—I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business.A.is held B.will be held C.was held D.held35.(2024·江苏镇江·中考真题)A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year.A.plant B.are planted C.planted D.were planted36.(2024·天津·中考真题)Lao She wrote many plays and he _________ “the People’s Artist”.A.names B.named C.was named D.has named37.(2024·四川乐山·中考真题)—There has been less and less pollution in Leshan these years.—The government has made a great effort on it. I’m sure this problem ______ one day in the future.A.was solved B.solves C.will be solved38.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week.—Great! I’m looking forward to it!A.holds B.is held C.was held D.will be held39.(2024·安徽·中考真题)The 2024 Paris Olympic Games ________ this July. Don’t miss it.A.holds B.will hold C.is held D.will be held40.(2024·四川达州·中考真题)—Bob, your room is so dirty. It must ________ every day.—OK. Mom, I’ll do it right now.A.clean B.be cleaned C.is cleaned1.一般现在时、一般过去时与一般将来时时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时用法 ①表示事物或人物的特征、状态 ②表示经常性、习惯性的动作 ③表示客观事实、普遍真理 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态标志词 always, usually, often, never, sometimes, every day等 yesterday, last night, two days ago, just now, in 2010, the other day等 tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future, in an hour等谓语 形式 ①be 动词的三种形式(am, is, are) ②动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式 ①be 动词的过去式(was, were) ②动词的过去式 ①will+动词原形 ②be going to+动词原形动词 变形 规则 动词变第三人称单数规则: ①一般情况下,直接在动词原形后加-s:see→sees ②以-s, -x, -ch, -sh, -o结尾的动词,在词尾加-es: watch→watches ③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es: study→studies 动词变过去式规则: ①一般情况下,在词尾加-ed: cook→cooked ②以不发音的e 结尾的动词,在词尾加-d: live-lived ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed: plan-planned ④以“辅音字母+y” 结尾的动词,先变y 为 i,再加-ed: carry-carried △不规则变化见《默写册》P47~P48 ——例句 She is thin. Tom goes to work every day. They usually draw after class. He was a student in 2010. Jack played tennis last night. We are going to have a wonderful school trip next week.2. 现在进行时和过去进行时时态 现在进行时 过去进行时用法 表示现在、目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情 表示在过去某一时刻、某一段时间内或某个动作发生时正在进行的动作标志词 (句) now, at the moment, look, listen, at present, these days, when/while引导的时间状语从句 at that time, at this time yesterday, at ten last night,at the time of the rainstorm,when/while引导的时间状语从句谓语 形式 am/is/are +现在分词 was/were +现在分词动词 变形 规则 动词变现在分词规则: ①直接在词尾加-ing: cook→cooking,play→playing ②以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词,先去e,再加-ing: dance→dancing, hike→hiking 注意:若e发音,则不能去掉,如: see→seeing ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing: begin→beginning, cut→cutting, swim→swimming 易错单词:visit→visiting, listen→listening ④个别以-ie结尾的动词,先变ie为y,再加-ing: die→dying, lie→lying例句 I am working now. She is doing her homework at the moment. I was working at that time. She was doing her homework at ten last night.3. 现在完成时时态 现在完成时用法 强调过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,不强调动作发生的具体时间;也表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,而且还有可能持续下去标志词 (句) already, just, yet, ever, before, so far, up to now, until now, in the past ten years, “for+时间段”, “since+过去时间点/从句”等谓语形式 have/has+过去分词动词变形规则 动词变过去分词的规则同变动词过去式的规则,动词不规则变化见《默写册》P47~P48例句 I have finished my homework. I’ve been at this school for over two years.【拓展】延续性动词与非延续性动词非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词become be buy haveleave be away borrow(听力常考) keep(听力常考)begin/start be on finish be overmarry be married join be infall ill be ill die be dead 现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可与一段时间连用。如:我离开北京已经五年了。误: I’ve left Beijing for five years.正: I’ve been away from Beijing for five years.4.被动语态的构成基本构成:be+及物动词的过去分词。常考的被动语态有:类别 构成一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时 was/were+过去分词一般将来时 will/shall/be going to+be+过去分词情态动词 情态动词+be+过去分词5.主动形式表被动意义的情况(1)begin, clean, close, cut, lock, open, read, sell, start, wash, write等作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表被动意义。如:①The pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好用。②The schoolbag washes easily. 这款书包很容易清洗。③The store closes at nine. 商店九点关门。(2)look, sound, taste, smell, feel等感官动词用主动形式表被动意义。如:①The new building looks nice. 这栋新楼看起来很棒。②The idea sounds good. 这个主意听起来不错。③I love the air after it rains. It smells so fresh. 我喜欢雨后的空气。它闻起来很清新。(2014河南21题)(3)be worth doing意为“值得做……”,表被动意义。如:My hometown is worth visiting. 我的家乡很值得参观。(4)sth. needs/requires(都表示“需要”)+doing,相当于sth. needs/requires+ to be done。如:The car is too dirty. It needs washing/to be washed. 这辆小汽车太脏了。它需要冲洗了。6.使用被动语态的情况(1)当不知道动作的执行者或没有必要说明动作的执行者时。如:Three people were injured. 三人受伤。(2)当需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如:Your work must be finished today. 你们的工作必须今天完成。(3)用于“It’s said/believed/reported+that...”结构中,意为“据说/据信/据报道……”。如:It’s believed that there is life in outer space. 人们相信外太空有生命。(4)动作的发出者不是指人。如:Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房子被洪水冲走了。(5)有些动词习惯上只用于被动语态中。如:He was born in this city. 他在这个城市出生。7.主动语态变被动语态的方法(【口诀】:宾变主、主变宾、谓语动词用被动。)(1)“主语+谓语+宾语”结构(2)“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构(变被动语态时,原先的间接宾语前用相应的介词to或for)(3)“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构【注意】要变被动语态时,省略“to”的动词不定式(使役动词make和see, watch, hear, feel等感官动词)要加“to”。如:I saw you come into the classroom. → You were seen to come into the classroom.解题策略1:根据“标志性状语”在题干中,yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by+时间, so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语,做题时可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。2:根据“并列谓语”当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时,它们之间可能是同时发生,也可能有一定的先后关系,我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词的时态要一致。3:根据“语境暗示”有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过“语境暗示”,正确分析语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。4:根据“时态定义”准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。5:根据“固定句式”掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法。注意:解答动词题时,首先应当分辨是否为谓语。如果是谓语,紧接着在文中寻找标志性时间状语或固定句型的标志词,然后结合复杂语境中的逻辑意思进一步确定时态、语态和主谓一致。6:被动语态在备考时应注意熟练掌握各种时态下的被动语态所表示的意义、其结构和相关的时间状语。解答考查被动语态类题时,可根据具体语境、时间标志词、从句和主句的时态搭配、固定句型等判断出正确答案。21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题09 动词的时态和语态(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)1.(2024·四川·中考真题)Look at the children. They ________ kites in the park now.A.flew B.flies C.are flying D.will fly【答案】C【详解】句意:看孩子们。他们现在正在公园放风筝。考查时态。根据“Look at the children”以及“now”可知此处表示正在进行的动作,用现在进行时am/is/are doing。故选C。2.(2024·四川·中考真题)I ________ movies since I first went to the cinema.A.love B.loved C.am loving D.have loved【答案】D【详解】句意:自从我第一次去电影院以来,我就喜欢上了电影。考查时态。根据“since I first went to the cinema.”可知主句用现在完成时“have/has done”。故选D。3.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—Mom, when can I have an ice cream —When you ________ your meal. But don’t rush it.A.finish B.will finish C.finishes D.finished【答案】A【详解】句意:——妈妈,我什么时候可以吃冰淇淋?——当你吃完饭的时候。但是不要着急。考查动词时态。根据“when can I have an ice cream ”可知,此处用一般现在时,主语是you,动词用原形finish。故选A。4.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)To make our hometown more beautiful, we _______ many trees and flowers every year.A.plant B.are planting C.planted D.were planting【答案】A【详解】句意:为了使我们的家乡更美丽,我们每年都种很多树和花。考查时态。根据“every year”可知,是一般现在时,主语是we,动词用原形,故选A。5.(2024·北京·中考真题)A lot of people in China ________ by high-speed train every year.A.travel B.traveled C.will travel D.have traveled【答案】A【详解】句意:中国每年有很多人乘坐高铁出行。考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“every year”可知,本句应用一般现在时。故选A。6.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)—There ________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best —Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan.A.are B.is C.were D.was【答案】A【详解】句意:——这本书中有许多中国古诗。你最喜欢哪一个?——王之涣的《登鹳雀楼》。考查主谓一致和时态。此处表示客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是名词复数,be动词用are。故选A。7.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)He ________ much healthier if he ________ enough exercise in his free time.A.is; take B.will be; takes C.will be; take【答案】B【详解】句意:如果他空闲时间做足够的锻炼,他会更健康。考查时态。此句是if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。从句主语是he,动词用三单。故选B。8.(2024·河北·中考真题)Jenny is an early bird. She ________ at 6:00 in the morning.A.gets up B.got up C.will get up D.has got up【答案】A【详解】句意:珍妮是个早起的人。她早上6点起床。考查时态。根据“She ... at 6:00 in the morning.”可知,强调经常性动作,用一般现在时,故选A。9.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs.A.write; showing B.writing; show C.write; show D.writing; showing【答案】A【详解】句意:老师们过去常常在黑板上写关键点,但现在他们习惯于通过PPT展示。考查非谓语动词。used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”,可排除BD选项;get used to doing sth表示“习惯于做某事”,可排除C选项。故选A。10.(2024·北京·中考真题)—What did you do last Saturday, Tina —I ________ to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer there.A.go B.went C.will go D.was going【答案】B【详解】句意:——蒂娜,你上周六做了什么?——我去了养老院,在那里做志愿者。考查动词的时态。根据“last Saturday”可知,句子使用一般过去时,动词用过去式,故选B。11.(2024·西藏·中考真题)He ________ have breakfast because he woke up late this morning.A.does B.did C.doesn’t D.didn’t【答案】D【详解】句意:他没有吃早饭,因为他今天早上起晚了。考查动词时态。根据“woke”可知,此句是一般过去时,句中有实义动词have,结合“woke up late”可知,起晚了所以没有吃早餐,所以用助动词didn’t。故选D。12.(2024·天津·中考真题)— Jane and I _________ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us — Sure. See you then.A.had B.have had C.were having D.are going to have【答案】D【详解】句意:——这个星期天,简和我打算去野餐。你愿意和我们一起去吗?——当然。到时见。考查动词时态。根据“this Sunday”可知,这个星期天要去野餐,事情发生在将来,时态是一般将来时,结构是will do或be doing to do。故选D。13.(2024·河北·中考真题)I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I ________ later.A.order B.ordered C.was ordering D.will order【答案】D【详解】句意:我在等一个朋友。恐怕我要晚点点餐。考查时态。根据“I’m expecting a friend. I’m afraid I ... later.”可知,在等朋友,所以要晚点点餐,用一般将来时will do,故选D。14.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)—Oh, no! Your brother left his umbrella at home. There ________ heavy rain this afternoon.—Don’t worry, Mom. I’ll bring it to him.A.was B.has been C.are D.will be【答案】D【详解】句意:——哦,不!你哥哥把伞忘在家里了。今天下午会有大雨。——别担心,妈妈。我会拿给他的。考查动词时态。根据“this afternoon”可知是一般将来时,故选D。15.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)—Dear, I have an important meeting tomorrow.—It doesn’t matter. If you _______ go to the movie tomorrow, I _______ my friend to go with me.A.don’t; will ask B.won’t; will askC.don’t; ask D.won’t; ask【答案】A【详解】试题分析: 句意:亲爱的,明天我有个重要的会议。没关系,如果明天你不能去看电影,我就邀请我的朋友和我一起去。此题考查if引导的条件状语从句,主句一般将来时,从句一般现在时;故选A。16.(2024·海南·中考真题)—What’s the noise, Peter —I ________ my desk, Mum.A.repaired B.am repairing C.will repair【答案】B【详解】句意:——彼得,什么声音?——妈妈,我正在修理我的书桌。考查动词的时态。根据“What’s the noise”可知,询问的是正在发生的事情,所以要用现在进行时be doing的形式。故选B。17.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)Look! The students ________ an art class in the park.A.have B.were having C.had D.are having【答案】D【详解】句意:看!学生们正在公园里上艺术课。考查时态。根据“Look”可知此处表示动作正在进行,用现在进行时,主语是名词复数,be动词用are。故选D。18.(2024·吉林·中考真题)Look! The students in Class One _________ a class meeting. It’s about good habits.A.have B.are having C.had【答案】B【详解】句意:看!一班的学生正在开班会。主题是关于好习惯的。考查动词时态。根据“Look”可知,动作正在进行,应为现在进行时。故选B。19.(2024·四川乐山·中考真题)—Hello, may I speak to Jenny, please —Wait a minute, please. She ________ in the kitchen now.A.cooked B.is cooking C.will cook【答案】B【详解】句意:——你好,我可以和詹妮说话吗?——请等一下。她现在正在厨房做饭。考查时态。根据“Wait a minute, please. She ... in the kitchen now.”可知,强调动作正在发生,用现在进行时,故选B。20.(2024·广西·中考真题)Listen! The birds ________ in the tree now.A.sing B.sang C.are singing【答案】C【详解】句意:听!鸟儿正在树上唱歌。考查动词时态。根据“Listen!”可知,时态是现在进行时,结构为:am/is/are doing。故选C。21.(2024·江苏扬州·中考真题)Look! My sister ________ the table. Let’s give her a hand.A.set B.sets C.is setting D.was setting【答案】C【详解】句意:看!我姐姐正在摆桌子。让我们帮她一把。考查动词时态。根据“Look”可知,姐姐正在摆桌子,动作正在发生,应为现在进行时。故选C。22.(2024·云南·中考真题)—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon.—Oh, I ________ singing for the graduation ceremony at that time.A.will practice B.have practiced C.am practicing D.was practicing【答案】D【详解】句意:——海伦,昨天下午五点我没看见你在教室里。——噢,那时我正在为毕业典礼练习唱歌。考查过去进行时。根据“at five yesterday afternoon”和“at that time”可知,强调在过去的某个时间点,正在发生的动作,用过去进行时,故选D。23.(2024·四川遂宁·中考真题)—Tim, what were you doing when I called you —I ________ bicycle with my sister.A.was cutting up B.am making up C.am picking up D.was fixing up【答案】D【详解】句意:——蒂姆,我打电话给你的时候你在做什么?——我正在和姐姐修理自行车。考查动词时态及动词短语。cut up切碎;make up编造;pick up捡起;fix up修理。根据“what were you doing when I called you ”可知,此处指过去某一时刻正在做的事情,应为过去进行时,结构是was/were doing。结合“bicycle”可知,此处指修理自行车。故选D。24.(2024·四川泸州·中考真题)—Hi, Ethan. I called you at 8:00 last night, but you didn’t answer.—Sorry, I ______ the dishes.A.wash B.washedC.am washing D.was washing【答案】D【详解】句意:——嗨,伊森。我昨晚8点给你打电话,但你没有接。——抱歉,我当时正在洗碗。考查动词时态。根据“at 8:00 last night”可知,此处指昨晚8点打电话时伊森正在洗碗,过去某一时间点正在做某事,应用过去进行时。故选D。25.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)Panda Yaya ________ to Beijing Zoo for over one year. She is taken good care of there.A.was back B.came back C.has come back D.has been back【答案】D【详解】句意:熊猫丫丫已经回到北京动物园一年多了。她在那里受到很好的照顾。考查现在完成时。根据“for over one year”可知,本句应用现在完成时,排除AB;和一段时间连用,现在完成时的谓语动词需要是延续性动词,come是短暂性动词,排除C。故选D。26.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—I’m afraid the tickets to the concert have been sold out.—Don’t worry. I ________ two tickets online already.A.have bought B.will buy C.may buy【答案】A【详解】句意:——恐怕音乐会的票已经卖完了。——别担心。我已经在网上买了两张票。考查动词时态。根据“Don’t worry. I...two tickets online already”可知,因为已经买好了票,所以让对方不要担心,强调过去的动作对现在的影响,应用现在完成时。故选A。27.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—Mum, I ________ the living room already.—Good job! It is so tidy now.A.have cleaned B.will clean C.am cleaning D.clean【答案】A【详解】句意:——妈妈,我已经打扫了客厅。——干得好!现在很整洁。考查时态。根据“already”以及“It is so tidy now.”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响,用现在完成时have/has done。故选A。28.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Red Star Over China(《红星照耀中国》)is a great book. I ________ it three times already.A.read B.reads C.has read D.have read【答案】D【详解】句意:《红星照耀中国》是一本好书。我已经读了三遍了。考查现在完成时。根据“already”可知,句子应用现在完成时,结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语“I”对应的助动词是“have”,故选D。29.(2024·江苏镇江·中考真题)So far, some of the dialects (方言) ________ in use for thousands of years. They are full of local color.A.were B.are C.have been D.will be【答案】C【详解】句意:到目前为止,一些方言已经使用了数千年。它们充满了地方色彩。考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语“so far”可知,句子应用现在完成时,排除A、B和D选项。故选C。30.(2024·江苏常州·中考真题)I ______ Yancheng Park several times, so I know a lot about it.A.was visiting B.have visited C.visit D.will visit【答案】B【详解】句意:我已经参观过盐城公园好几次了,所以我对它了解很多。考查现在完成时。根据句中的“several times”可知,表示过去的动作对现在的影响,应用现在完成时have/has done的结构。故选B。31.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—Good morning! May I have a plate of dumplings, please —Sorry. Dumplings ________ only at dinner.A.serve B.are served C.are serving D.will serve【答案】B【详解】句意:——早上好!我能要一盘饺子吗?——抱歉。饺子只在晚餐时供应。考查一般现在时的被动语态。Dumplings和serve之间为动宾关系,故此处使用被动语态。本句描述一般的状态,用一般现在时的被动语态即可。故选B。32.(2024·海南·中考真题)To protect the environment, more and more trees ________ in our country every yearA.have planted B.plant C.are planted【答案】C【详解】句意:为了保护环境,在我们国家每年有越来越多的树被种植。考查被动语态。trees和plant之间是被动关系,即“树被种植”,所以要用被动语态be done的形式。选项C是一般现在时的被动语态。根据“every year”可知要用一般现在时,所以应选are planted。故选C。33.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)I feel proud that Chinese ________ by the most people in the world.A.is saying B.is spoken C.speaks【答案】B【详解】句意:我为中文是世界上最多人说的语言而感到自豪。考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据主语“Chinese”和谓语动词的关系可知,中文作为语言是被说的,应用被动语态;句子陈述一般事实,应用一般现在时被动语态“is spoken”。故选B。34.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)—It’s a pity! A music fan like you didn’t go to Nantong Music Festival.—I knew it ________ several weeks ago. But I was on business.A.is held B.will be held C.was held D.held【答案】C【详解】句意:——太可惜了!像你这样的乐迷没有去南通音乐节。——我知道这是几周前举行的。但我是出差。考查时态和语态。主语it指代“南通音乐节”,和谓语hold“举办”之间是被动关系,根据“several weeks ago”可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选C。35.(2024·江苏镇江·中考真题)A lot of trees ________ last spring, so we can see more green this year.A.plant B.are planted C.planted D.were planted【答案】D【详解】句意:去年春天种了很多树,所以今年我们可以看到更多的绿色。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last spring”可知,动作发生在过去,且“trees”与“plant”之间是动宾关系,需用被动语态。故选D。36.(2024·天津·中考真题)Lao She wrote many plays and he _________ “the People’s Artist”.A.names B.named C.was named D.has named【答案】C【详解】句意:老舍写了很多戏剧,被评为“人民艺术家”。考查被动语态。分析句子可知,此处指老舍被称为“人民艺术家”,主语he和谓语name之间是被动关系,应为被动语态,结构是be done。故选C。37.(2024·四川乐山·中考真题)—There has been less and less pollution in Leshan these years.—The government has made a great effort on it. I’m sure this problem ______ one day in the future.A.was solved B.solves C.will be solved【答案】C【详解】句意:——这些年来,乐山的污染越来越少。——政府在这方面做了很大的努力。我相信这个问题未来总有一天会得到解决。考查动词时态。此处主语“this problem”与“解决”之间应是被动关系,且结合“in the future”可知是指未来,因此此处需用一般将来时的被动语态,形式为will be done。故选C。38.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—A fashion show _______ in our school hall next week.—Great! I’m looking forward to it!A.holds B.is held C.was held D.will be held【答案】D【详解】句意:——下周我们学校大礼堂将举办一场时装秀。——太棒了!我很期待。考查时态和语态。主语A fashion show和谓语hold之间是被动关系,根据“next week”可知此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选D。39.(2024·安徽·中考真题)The 2024 Paris Olympic Games ________ this July. Don’t miss it.A.holds B.will hold C.is held D.will be held【答案】D【详解】句意:2024年巴黎奥运会将于今年7月举行。不要错过。考查被动语态。主语Olympic Games和动词hold“举行”之间是被动关系,结合“this July.”和“The 2024”可知,应用一般将来时的被动语态will be done,故选D。40.(2024·四川达州·中考真题)—Bob, your room is so dirty. It must ________ every day.—OK. Mom, I’ll do it right now.A.clean B.be cleaned C.is cleaned【答案】B【详解】句意:——鲍勃,你的房间太脏了。必须每天清扫一下。——好的。妈妈,我现在就去。考查含情态动词的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者,所以用被动语态be done,must后用动词原形,故选B。1.一般现在时、一般过去时与一般将来时时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时用法 ①表示事物或人物的特征、状态 ②表示经常性、习惯性的动作 ③表示客观事实、普遍真理 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态标志词 always, usually, often, never, sometimes, every day等 yesterday, last night, two days ago, just now, in 2010, the other day等 tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future, in an hour等谓语 形式 ①be 动词的三种形式(am, is, are) ②动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式 ①be 动词的过去式(was, were) ②动词的过去式 ①will+动词原形 ②be going to+动词原形动词 变形 规则 动词变第三人称单数规则: ①一般情况下,直接在动词原形后加-s:see→sees ②以-s, -x, -ch, -sh, -o结尾的动词,在词尾加-es: watch→watches ③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es: study→studies 动词变过去式规则: ①一般情况下,在词尾加-ed: cook→cooked ②以不发音的e 结尾的动词,在词尾加-d: live-lived ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed: plan-planned ④以“辅音字母+y” 结尾的动词,先变y 为 i,再加-ed: carry-carried △不规则变化见《默写册》P47~P48 ——例句 She is thin. Tom goes to work every day. They usually draw after class. He was a student in 2010. Jack played tennis last night. We are going to have a wonderful school trip next week.2. 现在进行时和过去进行时时态 现在进行时 过去进行时用法 表示现在、目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情 表示在过去某一时刻、某一段时间内或某个动作发生时正在进行的动作标志词 (句) now, at the moment, look, listen, at present, these days, when/while引导的时间状语从句 at that time, at this time yesterday, at ten last night,at the time of the rainstorm,when/while引导的时间状语从句谓语 形式 am/is/are +现在分词 was/were +现在分词动词 变形 规则 动词变现在分词规则: ①直接在词尾加-ing: cook→cooking,play→playing ②以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词,先去e,再加-ing: dance→dancing, hike→hiking 注意:若e发音,则不能去掉,如: see→seeing ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing: begin→beginning, cut→cutting, swim→swimming 易错单词:visit→visiting, listen→listening ④个别以-ie结尾的动词,先变ie为y,再加-ing: die→dying, lie→lying例句 I am working now. She is doing her homework at the moment. I was working at that time. She was doing her homework at ten last night.3. 现在完成时时态 现在完成时用法 强调过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响和结果,不强调动作发生的具体时间;也表示某一动作或状态从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,而且还有可能持续下去标志词 (句) already, just, yet, ever, before, so far, up to now, until now, in the past ten years, “for+时间段”, “since+过去时间点/从句”等谓语形式 have/has+过去分词动词变形规则 动词变过去分词的规则同变动词过去式的规则,动词不规则变化见《默写册》P47~P48例句 I have finished my homework. I’ve been at this school for over two years.【拓展】延续性动词与非延续性动词非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词become be buy haveleave be away borrow(听力常考) keep(听力常考)begin/start be on finish be overmarry be married join be infall ill be ill die be dead 现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可与一段时间连用。如:我离开北京已经五年了。误: I’ve left Beijing for five years.正: I’ve been away from Beijing for five years.4.被动语态的构成基本构成:be+及物动词的过去分词。常考的被动语态有:类别 构成一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时 was/were+过去分词一般将来时 will/shall/be going to+be+过去分词情态动词 情态动词+be+过去分词5.主动形式表被动意义的情况(1)begin, clean, close, cut, lock, open, read, sell, start, wash, write等作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表被动意义。如:①The pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好用。②The schoolbag washes easily. 这款书包很容易清洗。③The store closes at nine. 商店九点关门。(2)look, sound, taste, smell, feel等感官动词用主动形式表被动意义。如:①The new building looks nice. 这栋新楼看起来很棒。②The idea sounds good. 这个主意听起来不错。③I love the air after it rains. It smells so fresh. 我喜欢雨后的空气。它闻起来很清新。(2014河南21题)(3)be worth doing意为“值得做……”,表被动意义。如:My hometown is worth visiting. 我的家乡很值得参观。(4)sth. needs/requires(都表示“需要”)+doing,相当于sth. needs/requires+ to be done。如:The car is too dirty. It needs washing/to be washed. 这辆小汽车太脏了。它需要冲洗了。6.使用被动语态的情况(1)当不知道动作的执行者或没有必要说明动作的执行者时。如:Three people were injured. 三人受伤。(2)当需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如:Your work must be finished today. 你们的工作必须今天完成。(3)用于“It’s said/believed/reported+that...”结构中,意为“据说/据信/据报道……”。如:It’s believed that there is life in outer space. 人们相信外太空有生命。(4)动作的发出者不是指人。如:Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房子被洪水冲走了。(5)有些动词习惯上只用于被动语态中。如:He was born in this city. 他在这个城市出生。7.主动语态变被动语态的方法(【口诀】:宾变主、主变宾、谓语动词用被动。)(1)“主语+谓语+宾语”结构(2)“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构(变被动语态时,原先的间接宾语前用相应的介词to或for)(3)“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构【注意】要变被动语态时,省略“to”的动词不定式(使役动词make和see, watch, hear, feel等感官动词)要加“to”。如:I saw you come into the classroom. → You were seen to come into the classroom.解题策略1:根据“标志性状语”在题干中,yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by+时间, so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语,做题时可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。2:根据“并列谓语”当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时,它们之间可能是同时发生,也可能有一定的先后关系,我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语,谓语动词的时态要一致。3:根据“语境暗示”有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过“语境暗示”,正确分析语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。4:根据“时态定义”准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。5:根据“固定句式”掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法。注意:解答动词题时,首先应当分辨是否为谓语。如果是谓语,紧接着在文中寻找标志性时间状语或固定句型的标志词,然后结合复杂语境中的逻辑意思进一步确定时态、语态和主谓一致。6:被动语态在备考时应注意熟练掌握各种时态下的被动语态所表示的意义、其结构和相关的时间状语。解答考查被动语态类题时,可根据具体语境、时间标志词、从句和主句的时态搭配、固定句型等判断出正确答案。21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 2025年中考英语查缺补漏训练(通用版)专题09动词的时态和语态(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)(学生版).docx 2025年中考英语查缺补漏训练(通用版)专题09动词的时态和语态(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)(教师版).docx