资源简介 专题08 非谓语动词、形容词和副词(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)目录知识点一 非谓语动词 1知识点二 形容词和副词 10知识点一 非谓语动词1.(2024·四川·中考真题)—What are you going to do this summer vacation —I plan ________ my cousin in Hangzhou.A.visit B.visiting C.to visit D.visited2.(2024·海南·中考真题)In China, family members get together ________ the Mid-Autumn Festival.A.to celebrate B.celebrate C.celebrated3.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)________ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last night.A.To learn B.Learning C.Learned D.Learn4.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time.A.sporting B.shopping C.dressing D.eating5.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs.A.write; showing B.writing; show C.write; show D.writing; showing6.(2024·西藏·中考真题)I think ________ resolutions at the beginning of a year is a good way to improve our lives.A.making B.make C.makes D.made7.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall.A.find B.found C.to find D.finding8.(2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)________ our students responsible and independent, military training (军训) has become tradition in China.A.Making B.To make C.Make9.(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)Two ________ dollars is enough to buy the bike, but I can’t afford ________ it.A.hundreds, to buy B.hundreds, buy C.hundred, to buy10.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year.A.is made; sent B.made; sent C.made; is sent11.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)My little brother suggested ________ for a walk.A.to go B.going C.goes12.(2024·天津·中考真题)People may use different body language _________ the same feelings.A.show B.to show C.showed D.shows13.(2024·江苏扬州·中考真题)China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways.A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped14.(2024·云南·中考真题)Our headmaster will invite a scientist ________ us a speech on space technology.A.give B.given C.giving D.to give15.(2024·四川凉山·中考真题)______ teenagers’ eyesight, experts advise them to stay away from electronic products.A.Protect B.To protect C.Protecting16.(2024·四川达州·中考真题)Qiqi hopes ________ medicine in Sichuan University.A.studies B.studying C.to study17.(2024·四川遂宁·中考真题)—Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ________ for grandparents —You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them.A.how to buy B.what to buy C.where to buy D.when to buy18.(2024·四川泸州·中考真题)______ healthy, we students always do morning exercises every day at school.A.Keep B.To keepC.Keeping D.Keeps19.(2024·四川自贡·中考真题)To save energy, don’t forget ________ the light before you leave the room.A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn off20.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)—Jack, remember ________ off the lights when you leave your bedroom.—OK, I will.A.turned B.turn C.turning D.to turn一、动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成与特征动词不定式不能在句中单独作谓语,其基本形式为“to+动词原形”,否定形式为“not to+动词原形”,在句中使用时具有名词、形容词或副词的特征。2.动词不定式的基本用法用法 说明 例句作主语 ①当单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 ②为了保持句子的平衡,通常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语——不定式(短语)放在后面。 ①To admit his mistake is not easy for him. 要他承认错误对他来说是不容易的。 ②It’s very nice of you to help me with my English. 你帮助我学英语,你真是太好了。作表语 不定式可以用在系动词后作表语,通常表示愿望、责任、义务等。 His wish is to become a musician. 他的愿望是当一名音乐家。作宾语 ①一些表示命令、打算、希望、决心等的动词后常接不定式作宾语。此类动词巧记如下: 想要干:want, wish, hope, expect, would like/love, like 早打算:plan, prepare, mean 同意否:agree, offer, refuse 问问看:ask, afford 决定了:decide, make up one’s mind, promise 开始学:begin/start, learn 尽力干:manage(反义词fail), try 努力做:make an effort 莫等待:wait 别忘记:forget(反义词remember) ②在find, think等词后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语后置。 ①He agreed to meet me at the station. 他同意在车站接我。 ②I think it difficult to finish the program in two weeks. 我觉得要在两周内完成这个项目很难。作宾语 补足语 ①常在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中使用。常见此类动词有advise, allow, ask, encourage, force, help, invite, order, teach, tell, warn, wish, want/would like, expect, get等。 ②在表示感官及使役等意义的动词后,要用不带to的不定式作补语。常见的此类动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look,see,notice, watch)。help后用带to或不带to的不定式均可。 ①His mother warns him not to play computer games anymore. 他的妈妈警告他不要再玩电脑游戏了。 ②They heard him sing a song in the meeting room. 他们听见他在会议室唱了一首歌。作定语 不定式(短语)作定语时,应放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 He was the first to come to the classroom. 他是第一个来到教室的人。作状语 不定式可作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。 ①He returned home to see what happened. 他返回家去看发生了什么。(目的状语) ②She opened the box to find it empty. 她打开盒子,结果却发现它是空的。(结果状语) ③I’m glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。(原因状语)【拓展】1.当有两个并列不定式作宾补时,后一个不定式往往省略to。如:The boss asked Tim to go and find out if there was anyone else absent. (2016河南29题)2.省略to的常见句型:①Why not do sth.? = Why don’t you do sth.? 为什么不……呢?②Could/Would/Will you please (not) do sth.? 你可以(不)做……吗?③had better (not) do sth. 最好(不要)做某事④would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B⑤let’s do sth. 让我们做某事吧。⑥prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿做……3.含动词不定式的特殊句型(2022.68考查):①It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。(2022.68)②It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。③It’s time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。④adj.+enough to do sth. 足够……做某事⑤too...to... 太……而不能……易错提醒:非谓语和祈使句的辨析若逗号后无连词,直接跟一个句子,则前半句用非谓语动词;若有逗号,且逗号后有and或or等并列连词,则前半句为祈使句。如:①To catch the early bus, Lucy got up very early today. 为了赶上早班公交车,露西今天早上起得很早。②Hurry up, or we will miss the train. 快点儿,否则我们就赶不上火车了。二、动名词1.动名词的构成与特征动名词由“动词原形(do)+-ing”构成,其形式与现在分词的构成相同,否定形式为“not+动词原形+-ing”。动名词既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。如:①Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜对你的健康有害。②Her hobby is playing the violin. 她的爱好是拉小提琴。2.动名词的用法用法 说明 例句作主语 动名词放在句首作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading is an art. 阅读是一项技能。作表语 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语。 His hobby is swimming. 他的爱好是游泳。作定语 动名词作定语时,表示其所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,放在被修饰词之前。 Our country is a developing country. 我们国家是一个发展中国家。作宾语 动名词作宾语时,既可作动词的宾语,又可作介词的宾语。 ①I finished reading the book last night. 我昨晚读完了这本书。(作动词宾语) ②A young boy made a living by selling fried dough sticks (油条) in the market. (2024河南57题)一个小男孩靠在市场上卖油条谋生。(作介词宾语)3.常见接动名词作宾语的结构如下:avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 begin/start doing sth. 开始做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事can’t stand doing sth. 无法忍受做某事put off doing sth. 推迟做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事have trouble/difficulty doing sth. 做某事有困难have fun doing sth. 做某事有乐趣stop/keep/prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样?succeed in doing sth. 成功地做了某事 be good at/do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事spend...doing sth. 花费……做某事 look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事 get/be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事【拓展】既可接不定式也可接动名词的动词(短语) (一)动词不定式中考对非谓语动词的考查主要为动词不定式,多为不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语。做此类试题时,需注意空前是否给出不定式符号to.若空前有to.则直接填动词原形:若空前无to,则需填to+动词原形。看固定搭配:①用于某些固定搭配或固定句式中作宾语,如:want to, decide to, hope to等:②用于某些固定搭配或固定句式中作宾语补足语,如:advise sb. to to sth., tell sb.to do sth.ask sb. to do sth.等;③作目的状语。(二)变动名词位于介词后,作宾语;用于某些固定搭配或固定句式中,如:enjoy,avoid, finish, practice等:动名词作主语。(三)变现在分词作补足语,与被修饰词构成主动关系.如:I hear a girl singing.(主动);2.作定语,表示动作正在进行或主动关系,如:a running boy(进行);a boy running towards me(主动)。(四)变过去分词作补足语,与要补充说明的词(主语或宾语)构成动宾关系,如:I'll get my bike washed this afternoon.(动宾);作定语,表示动作已完成或与要补充说明的词(主语或宾语)构成动宾关系,如:fallen leaves(已完成): a book written by David(动宾)知识点二 形容词和副词1.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)—I really like yesterday’s dragon boat race. What about you —Me too. It’s ________ one I have ever seen.A.a more boring B.a more wonderfulC.the most boring D.the most wonderful2.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)Our monitor Sally never shows off, so we all think she is ________.A.active B.modest C.polite D.energetic3.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)My cousin Andy is very ________. He always makes us laugh.A.lucky B.helpful C.brave D.funny4.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)Simon is ________. He believes he can win the first prize in the speaking competition.A.generous B.curious C.confident D.modest5.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—Ailly, what do you think of these Chinese paintings —_______! They show perfect skills of painting.A.Common B.Important C.Wonderful D.Expensive6.(2024·江苏常州·中考真题)When seeing the Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship flying into the sky, my father was ______ than any one of us.A.more excited B.more exciting C.the most excited D.the most exciting7.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)We did not know they were in trouble at that time. ________, we would give them a hand.A.However B.Otherwise C.In fact D.For example8.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)Jack is crazy about sports. He ________ takes part in the school sports meeting.A.never B.seldom C.sometimes D.always9.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)Huangmei Opera is ________ thought to be a symbol of Anhui Province. Don’t miss it during your stay there.A.hardly B.widely C.suddenly D.badly10.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)You can ________ win the game if you don’t try your best.A.quickly B.certainly C.hardly D.really11.(2024·西藏·中考真题)By nature, men are ________ similar; by practice, they get to be wide apart (性相近,习相远).A.near B.nearly C.close D.far12.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—So who do you think should get the job, Frank or Ben —Well, Frank is ________. I think he should get the job.A.outgoing B.more outgoing C.much outgoing D.the most outgoing13.(2024·海南·中考真题)All the singers have finished singing. Let’s choose the ________ one from them.A.good B.better C.best14.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)China is over 5,000 years old. It has a much ________ history than the US. The US is not even 300 years old.A.shorter B.longer C.faster15.(2024·北京·中考真题)What a lovely reading room! It’s one of ________ in our school.A.nice B.nicer C.nicest D.the nicest16.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)The Qinghai Lake is ________ lake in China. It is in Qinghai Province.A.large B.larger C.largest D.the largest17.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)How amazing! Human workers pick tea fast. Those tea-picking robots work even ________.A.fast B.faster C.fastest D.the fastest18.(2024·江苏无锡·中考真题)It’s such an important meeting that everyone is advised to dress ________.A.careful B.carefully C.proper D.properly19.(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)Traditional Chinese medicine works ________. More and more people believe it.A.good B.well C.badly20.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)I could ________ understand what he was saying because it’s ________ to follow a quick speaker.A.hard; hardly B.hard; hard C.hardly; hard21.(2024·福建·中考真题)—Judy practices her oral English hard every day.—So she does. She pronounces words ________ than before.A.clearly B.more clearly C.most clearly22.(2024·云南·中考真题)—Which kind of movies do you prefer, action movies or comedies —I like action movies ________.A.well B.better C.the better D.the best23.(2024·四川自贡·中考真题)—Who got the first prize in this competition —Of course Tom did. He worked ________ among us.A.hard B.harder C.hardest24.(2024·四川成都·中考真题)I prefer riding a bike to driving a car to work because it is ________ environmentally friendly.A.much B.more C.most25.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)The kids put their toys here and there in the playroom, making a fun and colorful mess.A.often B.usually C.somewhere D.everywhere1.形容词的基本用法(1)作定语,一般位于所修饰的名词或代词之前;修饰复合不定代词时,应后置。如:She is reading an interesting book. 她正在看一本有趣的书。There’s something wrong with my bike. 我的自行车出毛病了。(2)作表语,位于系动词后。如:Her face turns red. 她的脸变红了。(3)作宾语补足语,修饰宾语(即其逻辑主语)。如:The news made them happy. 这个消息使他们很开心。常接形容词作宾补的动词有make, find, think, leave, keep等。2.副词的基本用法(1)作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如:He warmly welcomed us. 他热情地欢迎了我们。Luckily, I didn’t hurt myself when I fell. 幸运的是,我摔倒时没有受伤。(2)作定语(少数地点副词和时间副词),位于所修饰的名词之后。如:The people here are all very kind to me. 这里的人都对我很好。(3)作表语,多表示主语的方向、方位、动作或状态等。如:He is out. 他出去了。(4)作补足语,说明主语或宾语所处的位置、状态、性质、特征等。如:Please let her in. 请让她进来。形容词变副词的规则规则 例词大多数形容词在词尾加-ly slow→slowly careful→carefully以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,先变y为i,再加-ly heavy→heavily lucky→luckily happy→happily easy→easily以“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去e加-y terrible→terribly simple→simply possible→possibly其他变化 true→truly full→fully【拓展】(1)许多形容词加-ly可构成副词,但是有些以-ly结尾的单词是形容词。如:friendly友好的;lonely孤独的;lovely可爱的;lively生机勃勃的;likely可能的;ugly丑陋的;silly 愚蠢的。(2)daily, weekly与monthly三词均有三种词性:形容词、副词及名词。作名词时,分别意为“日报”“周报/周刊”与“月刊”。(3)有些副词与形容词同形,如low, fast, late, early, much, little, hard, only, back, just, well, enough, long等。3.其他词性转化为形容词“名词+-ful”可转化为形容词;“动词+-ed”可转化为形容词。名词变形容词的方法“n.+-ful”通常表示正向的意义beauty→ beautiful 美丽的 care→ careful 小心的;仔细的 color→ colorful 多彩的harm→ harmful 有害的 help→ helpful 有帮助的 hope→ hopeful 有希望的meaning→ meaningful 有意义的 pain→ painful 令人疼痛的 peace→ peaceful 和平的power→ powerful 强大的 success→ successful 成功的 use→ useful 有用的wonder→ wonderful 奇妙的“n.+-less”通常表示反义care→ careless 粗心的 harm→ harmless 无害的 help→ helpless 无助的home→ homeless 无家可归的 hope→ hopeless 无希望的 use→ useless 无用的meaning→ meaningless 无意义的n.+-al(包含去e加-al)center→ central 中心的 culture→ cultural 文化的education→ educational 有教育意义的 environment→ environmental 环境的magic→ magical 有魔力的 medicine→ medical 医疗的music→ musical 音乐的 nation→ national 国家的 nature→ natural 自然的person→ personal 个人的 society→ social 社会的 tradition→ traditional 传统的n.+-y(包含双写最后一个字母加-y)cloud→ cloudy 多云的 rain→ rainy 有雨的 snow→ snowy 下雪的sun→ sunny 阳光明媚的 fun→ funny 可笑的 health→ healthy 健康的luck→ lucky 幸运的 mess→ messy 凌乱的 noise→ noisy 嘈杂的sleep→ sleepy 困倦的 taste→ tasty 美味的 thirst→ thirsty 口渴的wealth→ wealthy 富裕的“n.+-en”多表示由某物制成的gold→ golden 金的 wood→ wooden 木制的 wool→ woolen 羊毛的“n.+-ous”多表示抽象意义danger→ dangerous 危险的 humor→ humorous 幽默的“n.+-ern”多表示方位east→ eastern 东方的 west→ western 西方的 south→ southern 南方的north→ northern 北方的n.+-ly(包含变y为i加-ly)day→ daily 每天的,日常的 week→ weekly 每周一次的 month→ monthly 每月的friend→ friendly 友好 love→ lovely 可爱的n.+-able(包含去e加-able)value→ valuable 有价值的 fashion→ fashionable 时髦的(2)动词变形容词的方法v.+-ed/-ing(-ed形容词多表示人的感受,-ing形容词多用于修饰物)amaze→ amazed 吃惊的→ amazing 令人大为惊奇的bore→ bored (对某人/事物)厌烦的→ boring 令人厌倦(或厌烦)的excite→ excited 兴奋的→ exciting 令人激动的interest → interested 感兴趣的→ interesting 有趣的please→ pleased 高兴,满意→ pleasing 令人高兴的relax→ relaxed 放松的→ relaxing 令人放松的satisfy→ satisfied 满意的→ satisfying 令人满意(或满足)的surprise→ surprised 惊讶的→ surprising 令人吃惊的tire→ tired 疲倦的→ tiring 令人困倦的v.+-ablecomfort→ comfortable 舒服的 enjoy→ enjoyable 令人愉快的afford→ affordable 负担得起的v.+-tiveact→ active 积极的 create→ creative 有创造力的a-+v.live→ alive 活着的 sleep→ asleep 睡着的 wake→ awake 醒着的(3)考查形容词短语和句型“be+形容词+介词”短语汇总be+形容词+atbe amazed at对……感到吃惊 be good at擅长…… be mad at对……感到生气be disappointed at对……感到失望 be surprised at 对……感到惊奇be+形容词+withbe angry with 对……感到生气 be busy with忙于…… be good with善于应付……be popular with 受……的欢迎 be pleased/satisfied with对……感到满意be strict with对……严格要求be+形容词+forbe late for迟到 be/get ready for为……做准备 be sorry for对……感到抱歉be responsible for对……负责 be good/bad for对……有好处/坏处 be thirsty for渴望……be thankful for 对……心存感激 be famous/known for因……而闻名be+形容词+tobe similar to与……相似 be harmful to 对……有害 be thankful to感谢……be friendly/kind/nice to对……友好 be close to接近;靠近 be good to 对……好be polite to对……有礼貌be+形容词+ofbe afraid of害怕…… be tired of 对……感到厌倦 be proud of以……为骄傲be full of充满…… be certain/sure of对……有把握 be short of 短缺be+形容词+frombe absent from缺席 be different from 与……不同 be separated from和……分开be free from 免受;免于be+形容词+inbe different in在……方面不同 be interested in对……感兴趣be weak in在……方面弱 be successful in在……方面成功be+形容词+aboutbe careful about对……小心 be crazy about 对……热衷 be sorry about对……感到抱歉be sure about 对……有把握 be strict about sth. 对某事要求严格含形容词的句型总结①It’s + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是……,如:It’s interesting to see two people talking that way. 看见两个人那样说话很有趣。②It’s + adj. +for sb. + to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……(此句型中形容词通常为difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等),如:It’s impossible for a child to answer the question. 小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。It’s dangerous for you to swim alone. 你自己一个人去游泳很危险。③It’s + adj. +of sb. + to do sth. 某人做某事是……(此句型中形容词通常为good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless等形容人的品质的),如:It’s nice of you to help me. 你帮我,你真好。④主语+find/think/make/consider/feel 等+it+ adj.+ to do sth. 某人发现/认为/使得/考虑/感觉做某事是……,如:I find it impossible to finish my homework in one day. 我觉得一天内无法完成家庭作业。⑤主语+ be + adj. + to do sth. 某人……做某事(此句型中形容词通常为glad, pleased, sorry, sad, thankful, ready, able, sure, certain等),如:I’m very sorry to hear the news. 听到这个消息我很难过。I’m glad to see you. 见到你我很高兴。Tom is sure/certain to come. 汤姆一定会来。4.常考副词时间副词 today, yesterday, tomorrow, now, soon, before, then, ago, lately, tonight方式副词 safely, happily, quickly, politely, slowly, loudly, carefully, actively, warmly程度副词 very, quite, little, much, too, almost, enough, rather, nearly地点副词 here, there, home, anywhere, down, up, below, inside, outside, in疑问副词(词组) when, where, how, why, how often, how long, how far, how soon频度副词 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never连接副词 besides, therefore, however5.形容词和副词的比较等级(1)形容词和副词原级的用法①as+形容词/副词的原级+as,如:He runs as fast as Lucy. 他和露西跑得一样快。②not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as,如:He doesn’t run as/so fast as Lucy. 他没有露西跑得快。③倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as,如:This room is twice as large as that one. 这间屋子是那间屋子的两倍大。(2)形容词和副词比较级的用法①形容词/副词的比较级+than,如:He runs faster than Lucy. 他比露西跑得快。②倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than,如:His house is twice bigger than mine. 他家比我家大两倍。③the+形容词的比较级+of the two+复数名词,“两者中较……的一个”,如:He is the taller of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中个子较高的那个。④“形容词/副词的比较级+and+形容词/副词的比较级”或“more and more+多音节形容词原级/副词的原级”,“越来越……”,如:As summer is coming, the day is becoming longer and longer. 夏天到了,白天变得越来越长。⑤the+形容词/副词的比较级,the+形容词/副词的比较级,“越……,就越……”,如:The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你工作越努力,取得的进步就越大。⑥a/an+形容词的比较级+名词单数/代词one,“一个更……的”,如:The dress is a little big for me, so I want to change it for a smaller one. 这条裙子对我来说有点儿大,所以我想换条小的。⑦修饰比较级的词有much, even, far, a little, twice, many times, a bit, rather等,如:It’s even hotter today. 今天更热了。(3)形容词和副词最高级的用法(用于三者或三者以上比较)①in/of/among短语表示范围时,或从句表示“所见过的/听过的/去过的/吃过的”等意思时,如:Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。She is the most beautiful girl that I’ve ever seen. 她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。②one of the +形容词的最高级+复数名词,如:She is one of the tallest girls in our class. 她是我们班个子最高的女孩之一。③the+序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词+范围,如:Hainan Island is the second largest island in China. 海南岛是中国第二大岛。【拓展】比较级与最高级之间的转化1.比较级+than+any (other)+单数名词/the other+复数名词,可表示最高级。如:Tom is the tallest student in his class.= Tom is taller than any other student in his class.=Tom is taller than the other students in his class.2.“否定词+比较级”也可表示最高级含义。如:-What a clear blue sky! -Yes, I have never seen a more beautiful sky.(4)形容词和副词的比较等级变化规则①规则变化构成方法 原级→比较级→最高级直接在词尾加-er, -est fast→faster→fastest long→longer→longest以不发音的字母e结尾的加-r, -st large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest brave→braver→bravest late→later→latest wide→wider→widest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,先变y为i,再加 -er, -est happy→happier→happiest easy→easier→easiest angry→angrier→angriest ugly→uglier→ugliest early→earlier→earliest busy→busier→busiest heavy→heavier→heaviest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写这一辅音字母,再加-er, -est big→bigger→biggest fat→fatter→fattest thin→thinner→thinnest wet→wetter→wettest hot→hotter→hottest red→redder→reddest fit→fitter→fittest glad→gladder→gladdest sad→sadder→saddest部分双音节和多音节词,在其前加more, most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful careful→more careful→most careful②不规则变化good/well→better→best many/much→more→mostbad/badly→worse→worst far→farther/further→farthest/furthestold→older/elder→oldest/eldest little→less→least填形容词原形的判定方法(1)位于名词前作定语;(2)位于be动词后作表语;(3)位于形容词短语中,其结构为:be动词+形容词+介词;(4)位于感官动词和连系动词look, sound,smell, taste, feel, seem, become, grow, get, turn, keep, remain之后作表语;(5)位于复合不定代词后作后置定语;(6)位于定冠词the后表示一类人;(7)位于固定句型It is+adj.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.和make/keep/leave+ sb./sth.+adj.中;(8)位于“形容词+ and/or+形容词”结构中;(9)位于宾语之后作宾补,常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。变比较等级1.含有标志词than时要用比较级:2.形容词前由表示程度的副词(词组)a little. a bit.a lot. much. even.far等修饰时,常用该形容词的比较级:3. 根据语境判断,如:said no more;4. 在固定结构中,如:the+比较级,the+比较级:one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数:5.在形容词比较等级的常见结构中。填副词原型的判定方法:修饰动词或动词短语修饰形容词修饰介词短语位于句首作状语,修饰整个句子变比较等级1.含有标志词than时要用比较级:2.副词前由表示程度的副词(词组)a little. a bit.a lot. much. even.far等修饰3. 在固定结构中,如:the+比较级,the+比较级4.在副词比较等级的常见结构中。21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题08 非谓语动词、形容词和副词(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)目录知识点一 非谓语动词 1知识点二 形容词和副词 10知识点一 非谓语动词1.(2024·四川·中考真题)—What are you going to do this summer vacation —I plan ________ my cousin in Hangzhou.A.visit B.visiting C.to visit D.visited【答案】C【详解】句意:——这个暑假你打算做什么?——我计划去杭州看望我的堂兄。考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”,动词不定式作宾语。故选C。2.(2024·海南·中考真题)In China, family members get together ________ the Mid-Autumn Festival.A.to celebrate B.celebrate C.celebrated【答案】A【详解】句意:在中国,家人聚在一起庆祝中秋节。考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处表示聚在一起的目的是庆祝中秋节,用不定式形式。故选A。3.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)________ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last night.A.To learn B.Learning C.Learned D.Learn【答案】A【详解】句意:为了了解更多关于珍稀野生动物的信息,我昨晚花了一些时间在网上搜索。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,“昨晚花了一些时间在网上搜索信息”的目的是“了解更多关于珍稀野生动物的信息”,作目的状语用动词不定式。故选A。4.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time.A.sporting B.shopping C.dressing D.eating【答案】D【详解】句意:在20到30分钟内吃完一顿饭被普遍认为是理想的吃饭时间。考查动名词辨析。sporting体育运动;shopping购物;dressing穿衣服;eating吃。根据“Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes”可知,是指吃饭的时间。故选D。5.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)The teachers used to ________ key points on the blackboard, but now they are getting used to ________ them through PPTs.A.write; showing B.writing; show C.write; show D.writing; showing【答案】A【详解】句意:老师们过去常常在黑板上写关键点,但现在他们习惯于通过PPT展示。考查非谓语动词。used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”,可排除BD选项;get used to doing sth表示“习惯于做某事”,可排除C选项。故选A。6.(2024·西藏·中考真题)I think ________ resolutions at the beginning of a year is a good way to improve our lives.A.making B.make C.makes D.made【答案】A【详解】句意:我认为在新年伊始制定新年计划是改善我们生活的好方法。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,think后接宾语从句,此空在从句中作主语,应填动名词,故选A。7.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in _______ the shopping mall.A.find B.found C.to find D.finding【答案】D【详解】句意:通过阅读公共标志,他毫不费力地找到了购物中心。考查动名词作宾语。have difficulty in doing sth“做某事有困难”。故选D。8.(2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)________ our students responsible and independent, military training (军训) has become tradition in China.A.Making B.To make C.Make【答案】B【详解】句意:为了培养学生的责任感和独立性,军训已成为中国的传统。考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知,军训是为了培养学生的责任感和独立性,应用动词不定式表目的,故选B。9.(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)Two ________ dollars is enough to buy the bike, but I can’t afford ________ it.A.hundreds, to buy B.hundreds, buy C.hundred, to buy【答案】C【详解】句意:两百美元足够买自行车了,但是我买不起。考查数词用法和不定式用法。hundred前面有具体数字时,用单数;动词短语afford to do sth表示“负担得起做某事”。故选C。10.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)The tea ________ in China ________ to many different countries and places each year.A.is made; sent B.made; sent C.made; is sent【答案】C【详解】句意:中国产的茶叶每年运往许多不同的国家和地方。考查被动语态和过去分词用法。tea与send之间是动宾关系,用被动语态,is sent。此处用make的过去分词made作后置定语,修饰tea。故选C。11.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)My little brother suggested ________ for a walk.A.to go B.going C.goes【答案】B【详解】句意:我的小弟弟建议去散步。考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth“建议做某事”,固定短语,所以空处用动名词,故选B。12.(2024·天津·中考真题)People may use different body language _________ the same feelings.A.show B.to show C.showed D.shows【答案】B【详解】句意:人们可能会用不同的肢体语言来表达同样的感受。考查非谓语动词。use sth to do sth“用某物做某事”,使用动词不定式,故选B。13.(2024·江苏扬州·中考真题)China has made great efforts ________ other countries build high-speed railways.A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped【答案】B【详解】句意:中国为帮助其他国家建设高速铁路做出了巨大努力。考查非谓语动词。make great efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”,应用动词不定式。故选B。14.(2024·云南·中考真题)Our headmaster will invite a scientist ________ us a speech on space technology.A.give B.given C.giving D.to give【答案】D【详解】句意:我们的校长将邀请一位科学家为我们做一次关于空间技术的演讲。考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。15.(2024·四川凉山·中考真题)______ teenagers’ eyesight, experts advise them to stay away from electronic products.A.Protect B.To protect C.Protecting【答案】B【详解】句意:为了保护青少年的视力,专家建议他们远离电子产品。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,专家建议青少年远离电子产品的目的是保护他们的视力,此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。16.(2024·四川达州·中考真题)Qiqi hopes ________ medicine in Sichuan University.A.studies B.studying C.to study【答案】C【详解】句意:琪琪希望去四川大学学医。考查非谓语动词。hope to do sth“希望做某事”,故选C。17.(2024·四川遂宁·中考真题)—Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ________ for grandparents —You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them.A.how to buy B.what to buy C.where to buy D.when to buy【答案】B【详解】句意:——爸爸,中秋节就要到了。你能告诉我给爷爷奶奶买什么吗?——你可以给他们买一些月饼、水果和鲜花。考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。根据答语“You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them.”可知,询问应该买什么,故选B。18.(2024·四川泸州·中考真题)______ healthy, we students always do morning exercises every day at school.A.Keep B.To keepC.Keeping D.Keeps【答案】B【详解】句意:为了保持健康,我们学生每天在学校总是做早操。考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,学生们在学校做早操的目的是为了保持健康,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选B。19.(2024·四川自贡·中考真题)To save energy, don’t forget ________ the light before you leave the room.A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn off【答案】C【详解】句意:为了节约能源,离开房间前别忘了关灯。考查非谓语动词。forget to do忘记要去做某事(未做);forget doing忘记做过某事(已做)。根据“To save energy, don’t forget ... the light before you leave the room.”可知,别忘记要去关灯,故选C。20.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)—Jack, remember ________ off the lights when you leave your bedroom.—OK, I will.A.turned B.turn C.turning D.to turn【答案】D【详解】句意:——杰克,你离开卧室时记得关灯。 ——好的,我会的。考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth.记得去做某事,事情未做;remember doing sth.记得做过某事,事情已做。turn off表示“关灯”,根据“when you leave your bedroom”可知,灯还没有关,此处表示“要记得关灯”。故选D。一、动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成与特征动词不定式不能在句中单独作谓语,其基本形式为“to+动词原形”,否定形式为“not to+动词原形”,在句中使用时具有名词、形容词或副词的特征。2.动词不定式的基本用法用法 说明 例句作主语 ①当单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 ②为了保持句子的平衡,通常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语——不定式(短语)放在后面。 ①To admit his mistake is not easy for him. 要他承认错误对他来说是不容易的。 ②It’s very nice of you to help me with my English. 你帮助我学英语,你真是太好了。作表语 不定式可以用在系动词后作表语,通常表示愿望、责任、义务等。 His wish is to become a musician. 他的愿望是当一名音乐家。作宾语 ①一些表示命令、打算、希望、决心等的动词后常接不定式作宾语。此类动词巧记如下: 想要干:want, wish, hope, expect, would like/love, like 早打算:plan, prepare, mean 同意否:agree, offer, refuse 问问看:ask, afford 决定了:decide, make up one’s mind, promise 开始学:begin/start, learn 尽力干:manage(反义词fail), try 努力做:make an effort 莫等待:wait 别忘记:forget(反义词remember) ②在find, think等词后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语后置。 ①He agreed to meet me at the station. 他同意在车站接我。 ②I think it difficult to finish the program in two weeks. 我觉得要在两周内完成这个项目很难。作宾语 补足语 ①常在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中使用。常见此类动词有advise, allow, ask, encourage, force, help, invite, order, teach, tell, warn, wish, want/would like, expect, get等。 ②在表示感官及使役等意义的动词后,要用不带to的不定式作补语。常见的此类动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look,see,notice, watch)。help后用带to或不带to的不定式均可。 ①His mother warns him not to play computer games anymore. 他的妈妈警告他不要再玩电脑游戏了。 ②They heard him sing a song in the meeting room. 他们听见他在会议室唱了一首歌。作定语 不定式(短语)作定语时,应放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 He was the first to come to the classroom. 他是第一个来到教室的人。作状语 不定式可作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。 ①He returned home to see what happened. 他返回家去看发生了什么。(目的状语) ②She opened the box to find it empty. 她打开盒子,结果却发现它是空的。(结果状语) ③I’m glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。(原因状语)【拓展】1.当有两个并列不定式作宾补时,后一个不定式往往省略to。如:The boss asked Tim to go and find out if there was anyone else absent. (2016河南29题)2.省略to的常见句型:①Why not do sth.? = Why don’t you do sth.? 为什么不……呢?②Could/Would/Will you please (not) do sth.? 你可以(不)做……吗?③had better (not) do sth. 最好(不要)做某事④would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B⑤let’s do sth. 让我们做某事吧。⑥prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿做……3.含动词不定式的特殊句型(2022.68考查):①It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。(2022.68)②It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。③It’s time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。④adj.+enough to do sth. 足够……做某事⑤too...to... 太……而不能……易错提醒:非谓语和祈使句的辨析若逗号后无连词,直接跟一个句子,则前半句用非谓语动词;若有逗号,且逗号后有and或or等并列连词,则前半句为祈使句。如:①To catch the early bus, Lucy got up very early today. 为了赶上早班公交车,露西今天早上起得很早。②Hurry up, or we will miss the train. 快点儿,否则我们就赶不上火车了。二、动名词1.动名词的构成与特征动名词由“动词原形(do)+-ing”构成,其形式与现在分词的构成相同,否定形式为“not+动词原形+-ing”。动名词既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。如:①Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜对你的健康有害。②Her hobby is playing the violin. 她的爱好是拉小提琴。2.动名词的用法用法 说明 例句作主语 动名词放在句首作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading is an art. 阅读是一项技能。作表语 多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语。 His hobby is swimming. 他的爱好是游泳。作定语 动名词作定语时,表示其所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,放在被修饰词之前。 Our country is a developing country. 我们国家是一个发展中国家。作宾语 动名词作宾语时,既可作动词的宾语,又可作介词的宾语。 ①I finished reading the book last night. 我昨晚读完了这本书。(作动词宾语) ②A young boy made a living by selling fried dough sticks (油条) in the market. (2024河南57题)一个小男孩靠在市场上卖油条谋生。(作介词宾语)3.常见接动名词作宾语的结构如下:avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 begin/start doing sth. 开始做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事can’t stand doing sth. 无法忍受做某事put off doing sth. 推迟做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事have trouble/difficulty doing sth. 做某事有困难have fun doing sth. 做某事有乐趣stop/keep/prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样?succeed in doing sth. 成功地做了某事 be good at/do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事spend...doing sth. 花费……做某事 look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事 get/be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事【拓展】既可接不定式也可接动名词的动词(短语) (一)动词不定式中考对非谓语动词的考查主要为动词不定式,多为不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语。做此类试题时,需注意空前是否给出不定式符号to.若空前有to.则直接填动词原形:若空前无to,则需填to+动词原形。看固定搭配:①用于某些固定搭配或固定句式中作宾语,如:want to, decide to, hope to等:②用于某些固定搭配或固定句式中作宾语补足语,如:advise sb. to to sth., tell sb.to do sth.ask sb. to do sth.等;③作目的状语。(二)变动名词位于介词后,作宾语;用于某些固定搭配或固定句式中,如:enjoy,avoid, finish, practice等:动名词作主语。(三)变现在分词作补足语,与被修饰词构成主动关系.如:I hear a girl singing.(主动);2.作定语,表示动作正在进行或主动关系,如:a running boy(进行);a boy running towards me(主动)。(四)变过去分词作补足语,与要补充说明的词(主语或宾语)构成动宾关系,如:I'll get my bike washed this afternoon.(动宾);作定语,表示动作已完成或与要补充说明的词(主语或宾语)构成动宾关系,如:fallen leaves(已完成): a book written by David(动宾)知识点二 形容词和副词1.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)—I really like yesterday’s dragon boat race. What about you —Me too. It’s ________ one I have ever seen.A.a more boring B.a more wonderfulC.the most boring D.the most wonderful【答案】D【详解】句意:——我真的很喜欢昨天的龙舟赛。那你呢?——我也是。这是我见过的最棒的一个。考查形容词辨析和形容词最高级。boring无聊的;wonderful极好的。根据“I really like yesterday’s dragon boat race”以及“Me too”可知觉得龙舟赛很好,根据“I have ever seen”可知是自己见过的最好的一个龙舟赛,故此处用最高级。故选D。2.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)Our monitor Sally never shows off, so we all think she is ________.A.active B.modest C.polite D.energetic【答案】B【详解】句意:我们的班长萨莉从不炫耀,所以我们都认为她很谦虚。考查形容词辨析。active积极的;modest谦虚的;polite有礼貌的;energetic精力充沛的。根据“never shows off”可知,萨莉从不炫耀,说明她很谦虚。故选B。3.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)My cousin Andy is very ________. He always makes us laugh.A.lucky B.helpful C.brave D.funny【答案】D【详解】句意:我堂兄安迪很风趣。他总是让我们发笑。考查形容词辨析。lucky幸运的;helpful有帮助的;brave勇敢的;funny有趣的。根据“He always makes us laugh.”可知他总是让我们发笑,可见他是有趣的。故选D。4.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)Simon is ________. He believes he can win the first prize in the speaking competition.A.generous B.curious C.confident D.modest【答案】C【详解】句意:西蒙很自信。他相信自己能在演讲比赛中赢得第一名。考查形容词辨析。generous慷慨的;curious好奇的;confident自信的;modest谦虚的。根据句子中的“He believes he can win the first prize”可知,西蒙对自己有信心,故选C。5.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—Ailly, what do you think of these Chinese paintings —_______! They show perfect skills of painting.A.Common B.Important C.Wonderful D.Expensive【答案】C【详解】句意:——艾莉,你觉得这些中国画怎么样?——很棒!它们表现出完美的绘画技巧。考查形容词辨析。Common普通的;Important重要的;Wonderful极好的;Expensive昂贵的。根据“They show perfect skills of painting.”可知,它们表现出完美的绘画技巧,所以很棒,故选C。6.(2024·江苏常州·中考真题)When seeing the Shenzhou-18 manned spaceship flying into the sky, my father was ______ than any one of us.A.more excited B.more exciting C.the most excited D.the most exciting【答案】A【详解】句意:当看到神舟十八号载人飞船飞向天空时,我父亲比我们任何人都兴奋。考查形容词辨析和比较级。more excited更兴奋的;more exciting更令人兴奋的;the most excited最兴奋的;the most exciting最令人兴奋的。根据“than”可知,应用比较级;再根据“my father”可知,形容词人的感受要用-ed结尾的形容词,即excited符合题意。故选A。7.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)We did not know they were in trouble at that time. ________, we would give them a hand.A.However B.Otherwise C.In fact D.For example【答案】B【详解】句意:我们当时不知道他们有麻烦。否则,我们会帮助他们。考查副词辨析。however然而;otherwise否则;in fact事实上;for example例如。根据“We did not know they were in trouble at that time...we would give them a hand.”可知不知道他们有麻烦,否则就会来帮助他们,用副词otherwise。故选B。8.(2024·江苏南通·中考真题)Jack is crazy about sports. He ________ takes part in the school sports meeting.A.never B.seldom C.sometimes D.always【答案】D【详解】句意:杰克酷爱运动。他总是参加学校运动会。考查副词辨析。never从不;seldom很少;sometimes有时;always总是。根据“Jack is crazy about sports. He...takes part in the school sports meeting.”可知他喜欢运动,所以总是参加学校运动会。故选D。9.(2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)Huangmei Opera is ________ thought to be a symbol of Anhui Province. Don’t miss it during your stay there.A.hardly B.widely C.suddenly D.badly【答案】B【详解】句意:黄梅戏被广泛认为是安徽省的象征之一。在那里逗留期间不要错过它。考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不;widely广泛地;suddenly突然;badly严重地。根据“Huangmei Opera is…thought to be a symbol of Anhui Province.”可知,此处是指黄梅戏被广泛认为是安徽省的象征之一。故选B。10.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)You can ________ win the game if you don’t try your best.A.quickly B.certainly C.hardly D.really【答案】C【详解】句意:如果你不尽力的话,你很难赢得这场比赛。考查副词辨析。quickly快速地;certainly当然;hardly几乎不;really真正。根据“if you don’t try your best.”可知,如果不全力以赴,就几乎不能赢得比赛。故选C。11.(2024·西藏·中考真题)By nature, men are ________ similar; by practice, they get to be wide apart (性相近,习相远).A.near B.nearly C.close D.far【答案】B【详解】句意:性相近,习相远。考查副词辨析。near在附近;nearly几乎,差不多;close接近地;far非常,很大程度上。根据“similar”可知,从本质上讲,人几乎是相似的,故选B。12.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—So who do you think should get the job, Frank or Ben —Well, Frank is ________. I think he should get the job.A.outgoing B.more outgoing C.much outgoing D.the most outgoing【答案】B【详解】句意:——你认为谁应该得到这份工作,弗兰克还是本?——嗯,弗兰克更外向。我认为他应该得到这份工作。考查比较级。根据“Frank or Ben”可知,两者之间的比较,应用比较级,只有B选项符合。故选B。13.(2024·海南·中考真题)All the singers have finished singing. Let’s choose the ________ one from them.A.good B.better C.best【答案】C【详解】句意:所有的歌手都唱完了。让我们从它们中选出最好的一个。考查形容词的比较级。good形容词原级,好的;better形容词比较级;best形容词最高级。根据“All the singers have finished singing. Let’s choose the…one from them.”可知,此处的比较范围是all the singers,三者以上,应用形容词的最高级,good的最高级为best。故选C。14.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)China is over 5,000 years old. It has a much ________ history than the US. The US is not even 300 years old.A.shorter B.longer C.faster【答案】B【详解】句意:中国有超过5000年的历史。它的历史比美国悠久得多。美国还不到300岁。考查形容词辨析。shorter更短的;longer更长的;faster更快的。根据“China is over 5,000 years old.”和“The US is not even 300 years old.”可知,中国的历史更悠久。故选B。15.(2024·北京·中考真题)What a lovely reading room! It’s one of ________ in our school.A.nice B.nicer C.nicest D.the nicest【答案】D【详解】句意:这间阅览室真漂亮!它是我们学校最好的阅览室之一。考查形容词最高级的用法。根据“one of”可知,考查“one of+the+形容词最高级”结构,意为“最……之一”。故选D。16.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)The Qinghai Lake is ________ lake in China. It is in Qinghai Province.A.large B.larger C.largest D.the largest【答案】D【详解】句意:青海湖是中国最大的湖泊。它在青海省。考查最高级。根据“in China”可知青海湖是中国最大的湖泊,用最高级,最高级前加定冠词the。故选D。17.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)How amazing! Human workers pick tea fast. Those tea-picking robots work even ________.A.fast B.faster C.fastest D.the fastest【答案】B【详解】句意:太神奇了!人类工人采摘茶叶的速度很快。那些采茶机器人工作得更快。考查副词比较级。程度副词even在此处修饰副词比较级,fast的比较级是faster“更快地”。故选B。18.(2024·江苏无锡·中考真题)It’s such an important meeting that everyone is advised to dress ________.A.careful B.carefully C.proper D.properly【答案】D【详解】句意:这场会议非常重要,建议每个人都穿着得体。考查词义辨析和副词修饰动词。careful形容词,仔细的;carefully副词,仔细地;proper形容词,合适的;properly副词,得体地。根据“It’s such an important meeting that everyone is advised to dress...”可知,应该是穿着得体,在句中修饰动词,用副词形式。故选D。19.(2024·黑龙江·中考真题)Traditional Chinese medicine works ________. More and more people believe it.A.good B.well C.badly【答案】B【详解】句意:传统中药效果很好。越来越多的人相信它。考查词汇辨析。good好的,形容词;well好地,副词;badly差地,副词。根据“More and more people believe it.”可知,传统中药效果好,此处应用副词well修饰动词works。故选B。20.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)I could ________ understand what he was saying because it’s ________ to follow a quick speaker.A.hard; hardly B.hard; hard C.hardly; hard【答案】C【详解】句意:我几乎听不懂他在说什么,因为很难听懂一个说话很快的人的话。考查词义辨析。hardly几乎不;hard困难的。根据“I could … understand what he was saying because it’s … to follow a quick speaker”可知,说话快几乎听不懂,第一空填hardly。第二空在is后,应填形容词hard作表语,故选C。21.(2024·福建·中考真题)—Judy practices her oral English hard every day.—So she does. She pronounces words ________ than before.A.clearly B.more clearly C.most clearly【答案】B【详解】句意:——朱迪每天努力练习英语口语。——是的。她说话比以前更清楚了。考查副词比较级。根据“than before”可知,此处应使用副词比较级,故选B。22.(2024·云南·中考真题)—Which kind of movies do you prefer, action movies or comedies —I like action movies ________.A.well B.better C.the better D.the best【答案】B【详解】句意:——你喜欢看哪种电影,动作片还是喜剧片?——我更喜欢动作电影。考查比较级。根据“action movies or comedies”可知,两者比较应用比较级better,且比较级之前不用加the,故选B。23.(2024·四川自贡·中考真题)—Who got the first prize in this competition —Of course Tom did. He worked ________ among us.A.hard B.harder C.hardest【答案】C【详解】句意:——谁在这次比赛中得了第一名?——当然是汤姆。他在我们当中最努力。考查最高级。among表示“在……之中”(三者以上),此空应填最高级,故选C。24.(2024·四川成都·中考真题)I prefer riding a bike to driving a car to work because it is ________ environmentally friendly.A.much B.more C.most【答案】B【详解】句意:比起开车上班,我更喜欢骑自行车,因为它更环保。考查副词辨析及副词的比较级。much非常;more更;most最。根据“I prefer riding a bike to driving a car to work”可知,此处是“开车上班”和“骑自行车上班”两者之间的比较,骑自行车上班更加环保,应用比较级more environmentally friendly。故选B。25.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)The kids put their toys here and there in the playroom, making a fun and colorful mess.A.often B.usually C.somewhere D.everywhere【答案】D【详解】句意:孩子们在游乐室里把玩具扔得到处都是,弄得又有趣又五颜六色的一片狼藉。考查副词辨析。often经常;usually通常;somewhere某处;everywhere处处,到处。划线部分here and there意为“在各处”,与everywhere意思相近。故选D。1.形容词的基本用法(1)作定语,一般位于所修饰的名词或代词之前;修饰复合不定代词时,应后置。如:She is reading an interesting book. 她正在看一本有趣的书。There’s something wrong with my bike. 我的自行车出毛病了。(2)作表语,位于系动词后。如:Her face turns red. 她的脸变红了。(3)作宾语补足语,修饰宾语(即其逻辑主语)。如:The news made them happy. 这个消息使他们很开心。常接形容词作宾补的动词有make, find, think, leave, keep等。2.副词的基本用法(1)作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如:He warmly welcomed us. 他热情地欢迎了我们。Luckily, I didn’t hurt myself when I fell. 幸运的是,我摔倒时没有受伤。(2)作定语(少数地点副词和时间副词),位于所修饰的名词之后。如:The people here are all very kind to me. 这里的人都对我很好。(3)作表语,多表示主语的方向、方位、动作或状态等。如:He is out. 他出去了。(4)作补足语,说明主语或宾语所处的位置、状态、性质、特征等。如:Please let her in. 请让她进来。形容词变副词的规则规则 例词大多数形容词在词尾加-ly slow→slowly careful→carefully以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,先变y为i,再加-ly heavy→heavily lucky→luckily happy→happily easy→easily以“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去e加-y terrible→terribly simple→simply possible→possibly其他变化 true→truly full→fully【拓展】(1)许多形容词加-ly可构成副词,但是有些以-ly结尾的单词是形容词。如:friendly友好的;lonely孤独的;lovely可爱的;lively生机勃勃的;likely可能的;ugly丑陋的;silly 愚蠢的。(2)daily, weekly与monthly三词均有三种词性:形容词、副词及名词。作名词时,分别意为“日报”“周报/周刊”与“月刊”。(3)有些副词与形容词同形,如low, fast, late, early, much, little, hard, only, back, just, well, enough, long等。3.其他词性转化为形容词“名词+-ful”可转化为形容词;“动词+-ed”可转化为形容词。名词变形容词的方法“n.+-ful”通常表示正向的意义beauty→ beautiful 美丽的 care→ careful 小心的;仔细的 color→ colorful 多彩的harm→ harmful 有害的 help→ helpful 有帮助的 hope→ hopeful 有希望的meaning→ meaningful 有意义的 pain→ painful 令人疼痛的 peace→ peaceful 和平的power→ powerful 强大的 success→ successful 成功的 use→ useful 有用的wonder→ wonderful 奇妙的“n.+-less”通常表示反义care→ careless 粗心的 harm→ harmless 无害的 help→ helpless 无助的home→ homeless 无家可归的 hope→ hopeless 无希望的 use→ useless 无用的meaning→ meaningless 无意义的n.+-al(包含去e加-al)center→ central 中心的 culture→ cultural 文化的education→ educational 有教育意义的 environment→ environmental 环境的magic→ magical 有魔力的 medicine→ medical 医疗的music→ musical 音乐的 nation→ national 国家的 nature→ natural 自然的person→ personal 个人的 society→ social 社会的 tradition→ traditional 传统的n.+-y(包含双写最后一个字母加-y)cloud→ cloudy 多云的 rain→ rainy 有雨的 snow→ snowy 下雪的sun→ sunny 阳光明媚的 fun→ funny 可笑的 health→ healthy 健康的luck→ lucky 幸运的 mess→ messy 凌乱的 noise→ noisy 嘈杂的sleep→ sleepy 困倦的 taste→ tasty 美味的 thirst→ thirsty 口渴的wealth→ wealthy 富裕的“n.+-en”多表示由某物制成的gold→ golden 金的 wood→ wooden 木制的 wool→ woolen 羊毛的“n.+-ous”多表示抽象意义danger→ dangerous 危险的 humor→ humorous 幽默的“n.+-ern”多表示方位east→ eastern 东方的 west→ western 西方的 south→ southern 南方的north→ northern 北方的n.+-ly(包含变y为i加-ly)day→ daily 每天的,日常的 week→ weekly 每周一次的 month→ monthly 每月的friend→ friendly 友好 love→ lovely 可爱的n.+-able(包含去e加-able)value→ valuable 有价值的 fashion→ fashionable 时髦的(2)动词变形容词的方法v.+-ed/-ing(-ed形容词多表示人的感受,-ing形容词多用于修饰物)amaze→ amazed 吃惊的→ amazing 令人大为惊奇的bore→ bored (对某人/事物)厌烦的→ boring 令人厌倦(或厌烦)的excite→ excited 兴奋的→ exciting 令人激动的interest → interested 感兴趣的→ interesting 有趣的please→ pleased 高兴,满意→ pleasing 令人高兴的relax→ relaxed 放松的→ relaxing 令人放松的satisfy→ satisfied 满意的→ satisfying 令人满意(或满足)的surprise→ surprised 惊讶的→ surprising 令人吃惊的tire→ tired 疲倦的→ tiring 令人困倦的v.+-ablecomfort→ comfortable 舒服的 enjoy→ enjoyable 令人愉快的afford→ affordable 负担得起的v.+-tiveact→ active 积极的 create→ creative 有创造力的a-+v.live→ alive 活着的 sleep→ asleep 睡着的 wake→ awake 醒着的(3)考查形容词短语和句型“be+形容词+介词”短语汇总be+形容词+atbe amazed at对……感到吃惊 be good at擅长…… be mad at对……感到生气be disappointed at对……感到失望 be surprised at 对……感到惊奇be+形容词+withbe angry with 对……感到生气 be busy with忙于…… be good with善于应付……be popular with 受……的欢迎 be pleased/satisfied with对……感到满意be strict with对……严格要求be+形容词+forbe late for迟到 be/get ready for为……做准备 be sorry for对……感到抱歉be responsible for对……负责 be good/bad for对……有好处/坏处 be thirsty for渴望……be thankful for 对……心存感激 be famous/known for因……而闻名be+形容词+tobe similar to与……相似 be harmful to 对……有害 be thankful to感谢……be friendly/kind/nice to对……友好 be close to接近;靠近 be good to 对……好be polite to对……有礼貌be+形容词+ofbe afraid of害怕…… be tired of 对……感到厌倦 be proud of以……为骄傲be full of充满…… be certain/sure of对……有把握 be short of 短缺be+形容词+frombe absent from缺席 be different from 与……不同 be separated from和……分开be free from 免受;免于be+形容词+inbe different in在……方面不同 be interested in对……感兴趣be weak in在……方面弱 be successful in在……方面成功be+形容词+aboutbe careful about对……小心 be crazy about 对……热衷 be sorry about对……感到抱歉be sure about 对……有把握 be strict about sth. 对某事要求严格含形容词的句型总结①It’s + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是……,如:It’s interesting to see two people talking that way. 看见两个人那样说话很有趣。②It’s + adj. +for sb. + to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是……(此句型中形容词通常为difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等),如:It’s impossible for a child to answer the question. 小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。It’s dangerous for you to swim alone. 你自己一个人去游泳很危险。③It’s + adj. +of sb. + to do sth. 某人做某事是……(此句型中形容词通常为good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless等形容人的品质的),如:It’s nice of you to help me. 你帮我,你真好。④主语+find/think/make/consider/feel 等+it+ adj.+ to do sth. 某人发现/认为/使得/考虑/感觉做某事是……,如:I find it impossible to finish my homework in one day. 我觉得一天内无法完成家庭作业。⑤主语+ be + adj. + to do sth. 某人……做某事(此句型中形容词通常为glad, pleased, sorry, sad, thankful, ready, able, sure, certain等),如:I’m very sorry to hear the news. 听到这个消息我很难过。I’m glad to see you. 见到你我很高兴。Tom is sure/certain to come. 汤姆一定会来。4.常考副词时间副词 today, yesterday, tomorrow, now, soon, before, then, ago, lately, tonight方式副词 safely, happily, quickly, politely, slowly, loudly, carefully, actively, warmly程度副词 very, quite, little, much, too, almost, enough, rather, nearly地点副词 here, there, home, anywhere, down, up, below, inside, outside, in疑问副词(词组) when, where, how, why, how often, how long, how far, how soon频度副词 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never连接副词 besides, therefore, however5.形容词和副词的比较等级(1)形容词和副词原级的用法①as+形容词/副词的原级+as,如:He runs as fast as Lucy. 他和露西跑得一样快。②not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as,如:He doesn’t run as/so fast as Lucy. 他没有露西跑得快。③倍数+as+形容词/副词的原级+as,如:This room is twice as large as that one. 这间屋子是那间屋子的两倍大。(2)形容词和副词比较级的用法①形容词/副词的比较级+than,如:He runs faster than Lucy. 他比露西跑得快。②倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than,如:His house is twice bigger than mine. 他家比我家大两倍。③the+形容词的比较级+of the two+复数名词,“两者中较……的一个”,如:He is the taller of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中个子较高的那个。④“形容词/副词的比较级+and+形容词/副词的比较级”或“more and more+多音节形容词原级/副词的原级”,“越来越……”,如:As summer is coming, the day is becoming longer and longer. 夏天到了,白天变得越来越长。⑤the+形容词/副词的比较级,the+形容词/副词的比较级,“越……,就越……”,如:The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你工作越努力,取得的进步就越大。⑥a/an+形容词的比较级+名词单数/代词one,“一个更……的”,如:The dress is a little big for me, so I want to change it for a smaller one. 这条裙子对我来说有点儿大,所以我想换条小的。⑦修饰比较级的词有much, even, far, a little, twice, many times, a bit, rather等,如:It’s even hotter today. 今天更热了。(3)形容词和副词最高级的用法(用于三者或三者以上比较)①in/of/among短语表示范围时,或从句表示“所见过的/听过的/去过的/吃过的”等意思时,如:Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。She is the most beautiful girl that I’ve ever seen. 她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。②one of the +形容词的最高级+复数名词,如:She is one of the tallest girls in our class. 她是我们班个子最高的女孩之一。③the+序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词+范围,如:Hainan Island is the second largest island in China. 海南岛是中国第二大岛。【拓展】比较级与最高级之间的转化1.比较级+than+any (other)+单数名词/the other+复数名词,可表示最高级。如:Tom is the tallest student in his class.= Tom is taller than any other student in his class.=Tom is taller than the other students in his class.2.“否定词+比较级”也可表示最高级含义。如:-What a clear blue sky! -Yes, I have never seen a more beautiful sky.(4)形容词和副词的比较等级变化规则①规则变化构成方法 原级→比较级→最高级直接在词尾加-er, -est fast→faster→fastest long→longer→longest以不发音的字母e结尾的加-r, -st large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest brave→braver→bravest late→later→latest wide→wider→widest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,先变y为i,再加 -er, -est happy→happier→happiest easy→easier→easiest angry→angrier→angriest ugly→uglier→ugliest early→earlier→earliest busy→busier→busiest heavy→heavier→heaviest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,先双写这一辅音字母,再加-er, -est big→bigger→biggest fat→fatter→fattest thin→thinner→thinnest wet→wetter→wettest hot→hotter→hottest red→redder→reddest fit→fitter→fittest glad→gladder→gladdest sad→sadder→saddest部分双音节和多音节词,在其前加more, most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful careful→more careful→most careful②不规则变化good/well→better→best many/much→more→mostbad/badly→worse→worst far→farther/further→farthest/furthestold→older/elder→oldest/eldest little→less→least填形容词原形的判定方法(1)位于名词前作定语;(2)位于be动词后作表语;(3)位于形容词短语中,其结构为:be动词+形容词+介词;(4)位于感官动词和连系动词look, sound,smell, taste, feel, seem, become, grow, get, turn, keep, remain之后作表语;(5)位于复合不定代词后作后置定语;(6)位于定冠词the后表示一类人;(7)位于固定句型It is+adj.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.和make/keep/leave+ sb./sth.+adj.中;(8)位于“形容词+ and/or+形容词”结构中;(9)位于宾语之后作宾补,常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。变比较等级1.含有标志词than时要用比较级:2.形容词前由表示程度的副词(词组)a little. a bit.a lot. much. even.far等修饰时,常用该形容词的比较级:3. 根据语境判断,如:said no more;4. 在固定结构中,如:the+比较级,the+比较级:one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数:5.在形容词比较等级的常见结构中。填副词原型的判定方法:修饰动词或动词短语修饰形容词修饰介词短语位于句首作状语,修饰整个句子变比较等级1.含有标志词than时要用比较级:2.副词前由表示程度的副词(词组)a little. a bit.a lot. much. even.far等修饰3. 在固定结构中,如:the+比较级,the+比较级4.在副词比较等级的常见结构中。21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 2025年中考英语查缺补漏训练(通用版)专题08非谓语动词、形容词和副词(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)(学生版).docx 2025年中考英语查缺补漏训练(通用版)专题08非谓语动词、形容词和副词(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)(教师版).docx