资源简介 专题10 简单句和主谓一致(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)1.(2024·西藏·中考真题)He ________ have breakfast because he woke up late this morning.A.does B.did C.doesn’t D.didn’t【答案】D【详解】句意:他没有吃早饭,因为他今天早上起晚了。考查动词时态。根据“woke”可知,此句是一般过去时,句中有实义动词have,结合“woke up late”可知,起晚了所以没有吃早餐,所以用助动词didn’t。故选D。2.(2024·四川·中考真题)—________ did Mike say when you told him about the party —He said he would be happy to come.A.How B.When C.Why D.What【答案】D【详解】句意:——你告诉迈克聚会的事时,他说了什么?——他说他很乐意来。考查特殊疑问句。how如何;when什么时候;why为什么;what什么。根据“...did Mike say”可知是指他说了什么,疑问词用what。故选D。3.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—Excuse me. ________ can I get the car if I order it today —In a month.A.How soon B.How long C.How much D.How often【答案】A【详解】句意:——打扰一下。如果我今天订购这辆车,我多久能收到?——一个月后。考查特殊疑问句。How soon多久以后;How long多长时间;How much多少;How often多久一次。根据“In a month.”可知,对将来的一段时间提问,应用how soon。故选A。4.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)— ________ is your English-Chinese dictionary —98 yuan. I bought it in Xinhua Bookstore.A.How much B.How many C.How old【答案】A【详解】句意:——你的英汉词典多少钱?——98元。我在新华书店买的。考查特殊疑问句。How much多少钱/多少(后跟不可数名词);How many多少(后跟可数名词复数);How old多少岁。根据“98 yuan.”可知,此处询问价格。故选A。5.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—Do you like listening to music or playing chess —________. It makes me relaxed.A.Yes, I like listening to music B.No, I don’t like playing chess C.Listening to music【答案】C【详解】句意:——你喜欢听音乐还是下棋?——听音乐。它让我感到放松。考查选择疑问句。根据“Do you like listening to music or playing chess ”可知,此句是选择疑问句,回答要具体回答,应回答喜欢听音乐或者下棋,选项C符合,故选C。6.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—________ do you walk your dog every day, Bob —For about half an hour.A.How much B.How long C.How often D.How many【答案】B【详解】句意:——鲍勃,你每天遛狗多久?——大约半个小时。考查特殊疑问句。how much多少钱;how long多长时间;how often多久一次;how many多少。根据“For about half an hour.”可知此处询问时间段,疑问词用how long。故选B。7.(2024·西藏·中考真题)They are good at drawing, but ________ painting is the best A.whose B.whom C.what D.who【答案】A【详解】句意:他们擅长画画,但谁的画最好?考查特殊疑问句。whose谁的,表示所有格;whom谁,宾格,指代人;what什么,指代物;who谁,主格,指代人。根据“painting is the best ”可知,空处是指谁的画,需要用表示所有格的疑问词whose,表示“谁的”。故选A。8.(2024·西藏·中考真题)— Can you cut tomatoes into thin pieces — ________. Let me show you.A.Yes, I can B.No, I can’tC.Yes, I do D.No, I don’t【答案】A【详解】句意:——你能把西红柿切成薄片吗?——是的,我可以。我展示给你看。考查情景交际。以can引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, I can,否定回答为No, I can’t。根据“Let me show you.”可知,此处应是肯定回答,故选A。9.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)“Li Ming, ________ your homework first, and you can watch TV for 30 minutes.” said his mum.A.does B.did C.do【答案】C【详解】句意:“李明,先完成作业,然后你可以看30分钟电视”,他的妈妈说。考查祈使句。根据“...your homework first, and you can watch TV for 30 minutes”可知,此处应是句式“祈使句+and+陈述句”,句中的祈使句应以动词原形开头。故选C。10.(2024·四川成都·中考真题)Go bird-watching in Qinglong Lake, ________ you will find it fun and meaningful.A.and B.or C.but【答案】A【详解】句意:去青龙湖观鸟,你会发现它的乐趣和意义。考查连词辨析。and和;or或者;but但是。分析句子可知,此处是“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句式。去观鸟,会发现乐趣和意义,前后意思表示一致,应用and连接。故选A。11.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—________ fresh air it is in Qingcheng Mountain!—Yes. Because there are a lot of trees.A.How B.What C.How a D.What a【答案】B【详解】句意:——青城山的空气是多么的清新啊!——是的。因为有很多树。考查感叹句。此句中强调的中心词是不可数名词air,所以用感叹句结构:What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他。故选B。12.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ amazing magic show I saw yesterday!A.How B.What C.What an D.What a【答案】C【详解】句意:昨天我看了一场多么精彩的魔术表演啊!考查感叹句的用法。此句中心词是可数名词单数show,形容词amazing是元音音素开头,an符合句意,用what引导,句型为“what+a/an+adj+名词+主谓”。故选C。13.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—_______ fine weather! It’s a good match for going on a picnic.—Exactly. I simply can’t wait!A.How B.What C.How a D.What a【答案】B【详解】句意:——多好的天气啊!这很适合去野餐。 ——确实不错。我简直等不及了!考查感叹句。根据“fine weather”可知,中心词weather是不可数名词,结合what+adj.+不可数名词+(主谓)可知,what符合句式结构,故选B。14.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)________ helpful the speech is! It tells us to use the Internet safely.A.What B.What a C.How D.What an【答案】C【详解】句意:这演讲真有帮助!它告诉我们要安全地使用互联网。考查感叹句。句子是感叹句,中心词是形容词helpful,用感叹句结构:how adj.+主谓。故选C。15.(2024·云南·中考真题)________ meaningful day! We volunteered to clean up our city park.A.How B.What C.What a D.What an【答案】C【详解】句意:多么有意义的一天啊!我们自愿打扫我们的城市公园。考查感叹句。中心词day是可数名词的单数形式,用what引导的感叹句结构:what+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主谓,meaningful是以辅音音素开头的,冠词用a,故选C。16.(2024·四川遂宁·中考真题)—Hi, guys! Our team won the first place in the table tennis match.—________ exciting news it is! We are so happy about it.A.What B.How C.What an D.How an【答案】A【详解】句意:——嗨,伙计们!我们队在乒乓球比赛中获得第一名。——多么令人兴奋的消息啊!我们很高兴。考查感叹句。本句强调的中心词是不可数名词news,此处是“What+adj+不可数名词+主谓”句型,故选A。17.(2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)—Tom will have a birthday party next Sunday. Do you want to go —If you go, ________.A.so I will B.so will I C.neither will I【答案】B【详解】句意:——汤姆下星期天将有一个生日聚会。你想去吗?——如果你去,我也去。考查部分倒装。根据“If you go, ...”可知,此处表示后者情况与前者一致,用“So+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”,故选B。18.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)—There ________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best —Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan.A.are B.is C.were D.was【答案】A【详解】句意:——这本书中有许多中国古诗。你最喜欢哪一个?——王之涣的《登鹳雀楼》。考查主谓一致和时态。此处表示客观事实,用一般现在时,主语是名词复数,be动词用are。故选A。19.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)Look! There ________ some information about traffic rules in this book.A.is B.are C.was【答案】A【详解】句意:看!在这本书上有一些关于交通规则的信息。考查be动词。此句是There be句型,主语是information,不可数名词,be动词用单数,描述事实,用一般现在时。故选A。20.(2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country.A.are B.is C.was【答案】B【详解】句意:当你到国外旅游时,有礼貌是必要的。考查主谓一致。本句时态是一般现在时,主语是动名词短语,be动词用is。故选B。21.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age.A.has; is B.eats; are C.eat; is【答案】C【详解】句意:在中国,许多过生日的人会用蜡烛吃蛋糕。蜡烛的数量是这个人的年龄。考查主谓一致。a number of+复数名词作主语时,谓语动词也用复数,素以第一空用eat;The number of +名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,所以第二空用is。故选C。22.(2023·四川内江·中考真题)Jim’s father bought him a schoolbag on his birthday.A.表语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.主语【答案】C【详解】句意:吉姆的爸爸在他生日那天给他买了一个书包。考查句子成分。buy sb sth“给某人买某物”,人作间接宾语,物作直接宾语。故选C。23.(2023·上海·中考真题)—________ fine day today! Why not go hiking —Good idea!A.What an B.How C.What a D.What【答案】C【详解】句意:——今天天气真好!为什么不去徒步旅行呢?——好主意!考查感叹句。根据“…fine day today!”可知,中心词是day,为可数名词,此句应用what引导感叹句,其结构为“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语”。故选C。24.(2023·四川雅安·中考真题)—Look at Panda YaYa! ________ happy she is!—Yes. There is enough fresh bamboo for her to eat now.A.What B.What a C.How a D.How【答案】D【详解】句意:——看熊猫丫丫!她是多么幸福啊!——是的。现在有足够的新鲜竹子供她吃。考查感叹句。本句强调的中心词是形容词happy,用“How+adj+主谓!”句型,故选D。25.(2023·上海·中考真题)Let’s hurry up, ________ we’ll be late for the lecture about fire safety.A.or B.so C.and D.but【答案】A【详解】句意:我们要赶紧了,不然我们参加关于消防安全的演讲就要迟到了。考查从属连词辨析。or否则,不然;so因此;and并且;but但是。根据“Let’s hurry up”和“we’ll be late for the lecture about fire safety”可知,要赶紧,不然就会迟到,用or连接。故选A。1.简单句的基本句型英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。①英语五种基本句型列式如下:基本句型一: S+V(主+谓)基本句型二: S+V+P(主+系+表)基本句型三: S+V+O(主+谓+宾)基本句型四: S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五: S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如:1. Time flies.2. The moon rose.3. The man cooked.基本句型二:S+V+P(主+系+表)此句型句子的谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。系动词分两类:(1)表示状态的系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain等。(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等。1. This is an English dictionary.2. The lunch smells good.基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)此句型句子的共同特点:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词(词组)叫做及物动词(词组)。1. We planted trees.2. She laughs at her.基本句型四:S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)此句型句子的共同特点:谓语动词后可以跟有两个宾语。一个是表示人的间接宾语;一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面,直接宾语在后面。注意:有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时,间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。★间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有:give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, show, return, bring, pass, leave, offer, hand, play等。★间接宾语前加介词for的动词有: buy, choose, get, make, order, sing, do, save等。1. He gave me a book/a book to me.2. Mother bought me a book/a book for me.3. He’s warned me of the danger. (特殊例子——直宾前加介词,只有这一种形式,不能对调)基本句型五:S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)此句型句子的共同特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。1. We keep the table clean.2. Bill ordered him to leave.②There be句型的结构及用法结构:“There be+主语(人或物)+地点/时间状语”,表示“某处(或某时)有某人(或某物)”。用法:遵循就近原则。be动词必须和邻近主语在数上保持一致,即就近原则。如:There is a pen and some books on the desk. There are some books and a pen on the desk.2.陈述句①定义:陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人观点或看法的句子。读时一般用降调,句末用句号。②句式肯定句 主语+be动词+其他 Lily is an American girl. Lily是个美国女孩。主语+实义动词+其他 His parents teach math in this school.他父母在这所学校教数学。主语+情态动词+实义动词+其他 She can speak a little English.她会讲一点英语。否定句 主语+be动词+not+其他 We were not at home last night.我们昨晚不在家。主语+助动词+not+实义动词+其他 We didn't have an umbrella so we were wet and cold.我们没有带雨伞所以我们被雨淋得又湿又冷。主语+情态动词+not+实义动词+其他 Because of the bad weather, we couldn't see anvthing below the hill.由于糟糕的天气,我们完全看不到山下的任何东西。3.疑问句疑问句一般分三种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句及选择疑问句。①一般疑问句(1)Be+主语+其他?→Is Mr. Wang an English teacher?(2)情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?→Can we bring music players to school?(3)助动词+主语+动词原形/现在分词/过去分词+其他?→Do you have a ping-pong bat?②特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词(组)+一般疑问句?特殊疑 问词 who问身份;which问特定的人或物;what问事物、抽象概念、职业或身份;whose问所属;when问时间;why问原因;where问地点及位置特殊疑 问词组 how long 多长(时间);how often 多久一次(频率);how soon 多久以后(对in+一段时间提问);how many多少(可数名词数量);how much多少(不可数名词数量或价格);how far多远(距离);how old 多大(年龄);what size 多大(尺寸);what time什么时间(时间点)③选择疑问句(1)一般疑问句+选择项+or+选择项?如:-Is he tall or short?-He isn’t tall or short. He is of medium height.(2)特殊疑问句+选择项+or+选择项?如:-Which season do you like better,summer or winter?-I like winter better.4.祈使句 祈使句用于表示命令、建议、请求或劝告等。通常省略主语,谓语动词用原形。其具体结构如下:类型 肯定结构及例句 否定结构及例句Do型 动词原形+其他:Open the door. Don’t +动词原形+其他:Don’t stand up!Be型 Be+表语:Be quiet! Don’t+be+表语:Don’t be late for class!Let型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Let’s have another try. Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Don’t let the boy draw here. Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他:Let’s not wait outside the gate.Never型 —— Never+动词原形:Never leave today’s work till tomorrow.No型 —— No+名词/动名词:No parking!【拓展】1.Let’s开头的祈使句,其答语通常为“Good idea./OK.”等。其他祈使句的答语通常用一般将来时。否定祈使句的答语常用“Sorry/No, I won’t (do it again).”等。如:-Let’s go to the park. -Good idea.-Please remember to bring my notebook to school. -OK, I will.2.“祈使句+and/or+陈述句(表结果)”结构,可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。 如:Work harder, and you will find it not difficult to learn.=If you work harder, you will find it not difficult to learn. 再努力些,你就会发现学习并不难。5.感叹句 感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情,通常用what或how引导。类别 结构 例句what引导 What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! What a kind girl ( she is )! (她是)一个多么善良的女孩啊!What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词/不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! What beautiful flowers ( they are)! 多么漂亮的花! What bad weather ( it is )! 多么糟糕的天气!how引导 How + 主语 + 谓语! How time flies! 时间飞逝!How + 形容词/副词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! How brave ( the hero is )!(这个英雄)真勇敢! How slowly he walks! 他走得多慢啊!How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! How clever ( a boy he is )! (他是)一个多么聪明的男孩啊!【拓展】如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句:1.凡是以a/an开头的,多用what;2.凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用what;此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况,如:weather,news,advice,fun,information,work,traffic等;3.其他一般用how。5.There be句型①There be句型的结构及用法结构:“There be+主语(人或物)+地点/时间状语”,表示“某处(或某时)有某人(或某物)”。用法:遵循就近原则。be动词必须和邻近主语在数上保持一致,即就近原则。如:There is a pen and some books on the desk. There are some books and a pen on the desk.②There be句型的不同句式句式 结构 例句肯定句式 There be+主语+地点/时间状语 There is some water in the glass.否定句式 There be+not/no+主语+地点/时间状语 There isn’t any water in the glass.一般疑问句 Be+there+主语+地点/时间状语? Is there any water in the glass?特殊疑问句 对主语提问,主语是人用who,主语是物用what。无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,提问时一般都用be的单数形式。结构为What/Who+be+地点/时间状语?如:Who is in the room? 对地点提问,用Where+be+主语?如:Where is the computer? 对数量提问,用How much/How many+主语+be+there+地点/时间状语?如:How much water is there in the glass?③常见含There be的句型There is a lot to see/to do/to finish.④There be 句型和have的区别(1)There be句型表示“存在”,强调“有某人/物”,不表示所属关系。如:There is a science lab next to the library. 图书馆旁边有一个科学实验室。There are more than two ways to solve this math problem. 这道数学题有两种以上的解法。(2)have表示所属关系,强调“某人/物拥有……”。如:Uncle Sam has a big restaurant on the corner of the street. 萨姆叔叔在这条街的街角有一家大餐馆。7.主谓一致主谓一致三原则为:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。(课标要求三级+,仅作理解)1.语法一致原则(主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数)谓语动词用单数谓语动词用复数2.意义一致原则(不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数)①集体名词(family, team, class, group, public)等作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语所表达的概念: 如果表整体,用单数;如果指集体中的成员,用复数。如:Class Two is a good class. 二班是一个好班。Class Two are watching the football game. 二班的学生在观看足球比赛。②集体名词(people, police)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:The police are running after the thief.③the+姓氏名词复数(表一家人或一对夫妇)或the+形容词(表一类人)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:The sick need to be looked after.The Greens enjoy working in China.④表示重量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等词或短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:More than three weeks has passed since we came here.⑤more than one/many a+名词单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:More than one student agrees on the plan.3.就近一致原则由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在数上保持一致。如:Not only Jim but also his parents are coming.Neither you nor I am going there.找谓语,定主语,定主干,去枝叶;找连词,定逻辑。依托所掌握的句子成分和句子种类,抽丝剥茧,简化复杂的句式为简单句,然后依据词义和词性进行理解即可。1.主谓一致主要考查判断句子的主语及主语的单复数形式,从句作主语及定语从句中的主谓一致也会涉及。 主谓一致常和时态、语态、倒装、主语从句、定语从句一起考查,以及与判断名词的可数与不可数相结合考查。2.主谓一致中and, as well as, together with 等连接并列成分,不定代词、非谓语动词、从句作主语等常考查。3.主谓一致的就近一致原则和“分数/百分数/the only one/the majority/ all/the rest of 等+名词"作主语时主谓一致的情况也是考查的热点。【特殊情况】1.主语后面跟介词(或介词短语)如with, together with, as well as, along with, besides, like, but, except, including, rather than等时,谓语动词的数取决于主语的数。如:The woman with two children is her aunt.All the students except Li Hua have seen the film.The teacher as well as some of the students was given a chance to go abroad last year.My mother, together with her friends, has been to Shanghai.2.a lot of/lots of/the rest of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。如:Lots of money is needed for the project.3.名词前有量词(pair/kind/piece等)修饰时,谓语动词的数与量词的数一致。如:This pair of trousers is a little expensive.Three kinds of cake are provided.21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题10 简单句和主谓一致(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)1.(2024·西藏·中考真题)He ________ have breakfast because he woke up late this morning.A.does B.did C.doesn’t D.didn’t2.(2024·四川·中考真题)—________ did Mike say when you told him about the party —He said he would be happy to come.A.How B.When C.Why D.What3.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—Excuse me. ________ can I get the car if I order it today —In a month.A.How soon B.How long C.How much D.How often4.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)— ________ is your English-Chinese dictionary —98 yuan. I bought it in Xinhua Bookstore.A.How much B.How many C.How old5.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—Do you like listening to music or playing chess —________. It makes me relaxed.A.Yes, I like listening to music B.No, I don’t like playing chess C.Listening to music6.(2024·江苏淮安·中考真题)—________ do you walk your dog every day, Bob —For about half an hour.A.How much B.How long C.How often D.How many7.(2024·西藏·中考真题)They are good at drawing, but ________ painting is the best A.whose B.whom C.what D.who8.(2024·西藏·中考真题)— Can you cut tomatoes into thin pieces — ________. Let me show you.A.Yes, I can B.No, I can’tC.Yes, I do D.No, I don’t9.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)“Li Ming, ________ your homework first, and you can watch TV for 30 minutes.” said his mum.A.does B.did C.do10.(2024·四川成都·中考真题)Go bird-watching in Qinglong Lake, ________ you will find it fun and meaningful.A.and B.or C.but11.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)—________ fresh air it is in Qingcheng Mountain!—Yes. Because there are a lot of trees.A.How B.What C.How a D.What a12.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ amazing magic show I saw yesterday!A.How B.What C.What an D.What a13.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)—_______ fine weather! It’s a good match for going on a picnic.—Exactly. I simply can’t wait!A.How B.What C.How a D.What a14.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)________ helpful the speech is! It tells us to use the Internet safely.A.What B.What a C.How D.What an15.(2024·云南·中考真题)________ meaningful day! We volunteered to clean up our city park.A.How B.What C.What a D.What an16.(2024·四川遂宁·中考真题)—Hi, guys! Our team won the first place in the table tennis match.—________ exciting news it is! We are so happy about it.A.What B.How C.What an D.How an17.(2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)—Tom will have a birthday party next Sunday. Do you want to go —If you go, ________.A.so I will B.so will I C.neither will I18.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)—There ________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best —Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan.A.are B.is C.were D.was19.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)Look! There ________ some information about traffic rules in this book.A.is B.are C.was20.(2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题)Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country.A.are B.is C.was21.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person’s age.A.has; is B.eats; are C.eat; is22.(2023·四川内江·中考真题)Jim’s father bought him a schoolbag on his birthday.A.表语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.主语23.(2023·上海·中考真题)—________ fine day today! Why not go hiking —Good idea!A.What an B.How C.What a D.What24.(2023·四川雅安·中考真题)—Look at Panda YaYa! ________ happy she is!—Yes. There is enough fresh bamboo for her to eat now.A.What B.What a C.How a D.How25.(2023·上海·中考真题)Let’s hurry up, ________ we’ll be late for the lecture about fire safety.A.or B.so C.and D.but1.简单句的基本句型英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。①英语五种基本句型列式如下:基本句型一: S+V(主+谓)基本句型二: S+V+P(主+系+表)基本句型三: S+V+O(主+谓+宾)基本句型四: S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五: S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。例如:1. Time flies.2. The moon rose.3. The man cooked.基本句型二:S+V+P(主+系+表)此句型句子的谓语动词不能独立表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。系动词分两类:(1)表示状态的系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain等。(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove等。1. This is an English dictionary.2. The lunch smells good.基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾)此句型句子的共同特点:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词(词组)叫做及物动词(词组)。1. We planted trees.2. She laughs at her.基本句型四:S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)此句型句子的共同特点:谓语动词后可以跟有两个宾语。一个是表示人的间接宾语;一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面,直接宾语在后面。注意:有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调,这时,间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。★间接宾语前要用to的常用动词有:give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, show, return, bring, pass, leave, offer, hand, play等。★间接宾语前加介词for的动词有: buy, choose, get, make, order, sing, do, save等。1. He gave me a book/a book to me.2. Mother bought me a book/a book for me.3. He’s warned me of the danger. (特殊例子——直宾前加介词,只有这一种形式,不能对调)基本句型五:S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)此句型句子的共同特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。1. We keep the table clean.2. Bill ordered him to leave.②There be句型的结构及用法结构:“There be+主语(人或物)+地点/时间状语”,表示“某处(或某时)有某人(或某物)”。用法:遵循就近原则。be动词必须和邻近主语在数上保持一致,即就近原则。如:There is a pen and some books on the desk. There are some books and a pen on the desk.2.陈述句①定义:陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人观点或看法的句子。读时一般用降调,句末用句号。②句式肯定句 主语+be动词+其他 Lily is an American girl. Lily是个美国女孩。主语+实义动词+其他 His parents teach math in this school.他父母在这所学校教数学。主语+情态动词+实义动词+其他 She can speak a little English.她会讲一点英语。否定句 主语+be动词+not+其他 We were not at home last night.我们昨晚不在家。主语+助动词+not+实义动词+其他 We didn't have an umbrella so we were wet and cold.我们没有带雨伞所以我们被雨淋得又湿又冷。主语+情态动词+not+实义动词+其他 Because of the bad weather, we couldn't see anvthing below the hill.由于糟糕的天气,我们完全看不到山下的任何东西。3.疑问句疑问句一般分三种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句及选择疑问句。①一般疑问句(1)Be+主语+其他?→Is Mr. Wang an English teacher?(2)情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?→Can we bring music players to school?(3)助动词+主语+动词原形/现在分词/过去分词+其他?→Do you have a ping-pong bat?②特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词(组)+一般疑问句?特殊疑 问词 who问身份;which问特定的人或物;what问事物、抽象概念、职业或身份;whose问所属;when问时间;why问原因;where问地点及位置特殊疑 问词组 how long 多长(时间);how often 多久一次(频率);how soon 多久以后(对in+一段时间提问);how many多少(可数名词数量);how much多少(不可数名词数量或价格);how far多远(距离);how old 多大(年龄);what size 多大(尺寸);what time什么时间(时间点)③选择疑问句(1)一般疑问句+选择项+or+选择项?如:-Is he tall or short?-He isn’t tall or short. He is of medium height.(2)特殊疑问句+选择项+or+选择项?如:-Which season do you like better,summer or winter?-I like winter better.4.祈使句 祈使句用于表示命令、建议、请求或劝告等。通常省略主语,谓语动词用原形。其具体结构如下:类型 肯定结构及例句 否定结构及例句Do型 动词原形+其他:Open the door. Don’t +动词原形+其他:Don’t stand up!Be型 Be+表语:Be quiet! Don’t+be+表语:Don’t be late for class!Let型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Let’s have another try. Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Don’t let the boy draw here. Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他:Let’s not wait outside the gate.Never型 —— Never+动词原形:Never leave today’s work till tomorrow.No型 —— No+名词/动名词:No parking!【拓展】1.Let’s开头的祈使句,其答语通常为“Good idea./OK.”等。其他祈使句的答语通常用一般将来时。否定祈使句的答语常用“Sorry/No, I won’t (do it again).”等。如:-Let’s go to the park. -Good idea.-Please remember to bring my notebook to school. -OK, I will.2.“祈使句+and/or+陈述句(表结果)”结构,可转换为含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句。 如:Work harder, and you will find it not difficult to learn.=If you work harder, you will find it not difficult to learn. 再努力些,你就会发现学习并不难。5.感叹句 感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情,通常用what或how引导。类别 结构 例句what引导 What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! What a kind girl ( she is )! (她是)一个多么善良的女孩啊!What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词/不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! What beautiful flowers ( they are)! 多么漂亮的花! What bad weather ( it is )! 多么糟糕的天气!how引导 How + 主语 + 谓语! How time flies! 时间飞逝!How + 形容词/副词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! How brave ( the hero is )!(这个英雄)真勇敢! How slowly he walks! 他走得多慢啊!How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! How clever ( a boy he is )! (他是)一个多么聪明的男孩啊!【拓展】如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句:1.凡是以a/an开头的,多用what;2.凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用what;此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况,如:weather,news,advice,fun,information,work,traffic等;3.其他一般用how。5.There be句型①There be句型的结构及用法结构:“There be+主语(人或物)+地点/时间状语”,表示“某处(或某时)有某人(或某物)”。用法:遵循就近原则。be动词必须和邻近主语在数上保持一致,即就近原则。如:There is a pen and some books on the desk. There are some books and a pen on the desk.②There be句型的不同句式句式 结构 例句肯定句式 There be+主语+地点/时间状语 There is some water in the glass.否定句式 There be+not/no+主语+地点/时间状语 There isn’t any water in the glass.一般疑问句 Be+there+主语+地点/时间状语? Is there any water in the glass?特殊疑问句 对主语提问,主语是人用who,主语是物用what。无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,提问时一般都用be的单数形式。结构为What/Who+be+地点/时间状语?如:Who is in the room? 对地点提问,用Where+be+主语?如:Where is the computer? 对数量提问,用How much/How many+主语+be+there+地点/时间状语?如:How much water is there in the glass?③常见含There be的句型There is a lot to see/to do/to finish.④There be 句型和have的区别(1)There be句型表示“存在”,强调“有某人/物”,不表示所属关系。如:There is a science lab next to the library. 图书馆旁边有一个科学实验室。There are more than two ways to solve this math problem. 这道数学题有两种以上的解法。(2)have表示所属关系,强调“某人/物拥有……”。如:Uncle Sam has a big restaurant on the corner of the street. 萨姆叔叔在这条街的街角有一家大餐馆。7.主谓一致主谓一致三原则为:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。(课标要求三级+,仅作理解)1.语法一致原则(主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数)谓语动词用单数谓语动词用复数2.意义一致原则(不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数)①集体名词(family, team, class, group, public)等作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于主语所表达的概念: 如果表整体,用单数;如果指集体中的成员,用复数。如:Class Two is a good class. 二班是一个好班。Class Two are watching the football game. 二班的学生在观看足球比赛。②集体名词(people, police)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:The police are running after the thief.③the+姓氏名词复数(表一家人或一对夫妇)或the+形容词(表一类人)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:The sick need to be looked after.The Greens enjoy working in China.④表示重量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等词或短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:More than three weeks has passed since we came here.⑤more than one/many a+名词单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:More than one student agrees on the plan.3.就近一致原则由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在数上保持一致。如:Not only Jim but also his parents are coming.Neither you nor I am going there.找谓语,定主语,定主干,去枝叶;找连词,定逻辑。依托所掌握的句子成分和句子种类,抽丝剥茧,简化复杂的句式为简单句,然后依据词义和词性进行理解即可。1.主谓一致主要考查判断句子的主语及主语的单复数形式,从句作主语及定语从句中的主谓一致也会涉及。 主谓一致常和时态、语态、倒装、主语从句、定语从句一起考查,以及与判断名词的可数与不可数相结合考查。2.主谓一致中and, as well as, together with 等连接并列成分,不定代词、非谓语动词、从句作主语等常考查。3.主谓一致的就近一致原则和“分数/百分数/the only one/the majority/ all/the rest of 等+名词"作主语时主谓一致的情况也是考查的热点。【特殊情况】1.主语后面跟介词(或介词短语)如with, together with, as well as, along with, besides, like, but, except, including, rather than等时,谓语动词的数取决于主语的数。如:The woman with two children is her aunt.All the students except Li Hua have seen the film.The teacher as well as some of the students was given a chance to go abroad last year.My mother, together with her friends, has been to Shanghai.2.a lot of/lots of/the rest of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。如:Lots of money is needed for the project.3.名词前有量词(pair/kind/piece等)修饰时,谓语动词的数与量词的数一致。如:This pair of trousers is a little expensive.Three kinds of cake are provided.21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 2025年中考英语查缺补漏训练(通用版)专题10简单句和主谓一致(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)(学生版).docx 2025年中考英语查缺补漏训练(通用版)专题10简单句和主谓一致(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)(教师版).docx