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专题11 三大从句（宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句）
1．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—Mrs Lin. I’m new here. Could you please tell me ________
—Sure. It has a long history and looks attractive.
A．what Nantong Museum is like B．how far the Haohe River is
C．how I can get to Binjiang Park D．what I can see in the Wolf Hill
2．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Miss Song, I haven’t decided _______.
—I really hope you will visit it. It’s a good chance to learn about the history of our city.
A．how will I go to Suqian Museum
B．how I will go to Suqian Museum
C．whether will I go to Suqian Museum
D．whether I will go to Suqian Museum
3．（2024·北京·中考真题）—Tim, do you know ________ the art festival
— Sure! Next Friday.
A．when did we hold B．when we held C．when will we hold D．when we will hold
4．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）—Could you tell me ______
—Sorry, I’ve never had a home robot before. Why not read the instructions first
A．where can I buy a home robot B．where I can buy a home robot
C．how can I turn the home robot on D．how I can turn the home robot on
5．（2024·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Do you know ________
—Of course! In Paris, France.
A．when the 33rd Olympic Games will be held
B．where will the 33rd Olympic Games be held
C．where the 33rd Olympic Games will be held
6．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）—Jingxuan, Boonie Bears: Time Twist (《·逆转时空》) has come out. Would you mind telling me ________
—Certainly not. Vick () is.
A．how the movie is B．what the movie is about C．who your favorite character is
7．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）—Do you know _____
—20-30 minutes, the experts suggest.
A．what we should eat for a meal B．where we should eat a meal
C．why we should not eat a meal too quickly D．how long we should spend eating a meal
8．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）—The Mid-Autumn Festival is coming. I wonder ________.
—In your uncle’s home.
A．where we will celebrate it B．when we will celebrate it
C．where will we celebrate it D．when will we celebrate it
9．（2024·吉林·中考真题）—Can you tell me _________
—Sure. By taking notes and watching English films.
A．why we can learn English well
B．when we can learn English well
C．how we can learn English well
10．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—I just went back from Guangzhou. Can you guess __________
—I suppose you took the high-speed train (高铁).
A．how did I get there B．when I got there C．how I got there
11．（2024·广西·中考真题）—Could you please tell me ________
—In my hometown.
A．how you usually go to school
B．where you usually spend your holiday
C．when you usually have breakfast at school
12．（2024·天津·中考真题）— Could you tell me _________
— He likes the Science Museum best.
A．when Kevin visited the museum B．which museum Kevin likes best
C．when did Kevin visit the museum D．which museum does Kevin like best
13．（2024·河北·中考真题）To know ________ the mountain top looks like, you need to reach it.
A．what B．when C．where D．which
14．（2024·湖北武汉·中考真题）The saying “Knowledge starts with practice” tells us ________.
A．what is knowledge B．how we can get knowledge
C．why is practice powerful D．when we should start practicing
15．（2024·福建·中考真题）—Do you know ________
—Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu, all born in the 1980s.
A．how the Shenzhou XVIII entered space
B．when the Shenzhou XVIII entered space
C．who entered space in the Shenzhou XVⅢ
16．（2024·安徽·中考真题）—Could you tell us ________ we can start a conversation with a foreigner
—Talking about weather is a good choice.
A．how B．whether C．why D．when
17．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Teenagers don’t always understand ________ their parents have so many rules.
A．why B．which C．where D．what
18．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Can you tell me________
—Sure. I usually give some books to a village library.
A．when World Book Day is B．when is World Book Day
C．how you celebrate World Book Day D．how do you celebrate World Book Day
19．（2024·四川·中考真题）—Why are you late for class
—________ my alarm clock didn’t go off this morning.
A．So B．Because C．However D．Unless
20．（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）—How long have you been in Qiqihar
—________ my father came here to work five years ago.
A．When B．While C．Since
21．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Tom didn’t go to bed ________ his mother came back last night.
A．until B．if C．because D．unless
22．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）You will never truly understand your parents’ great love ______ you grow up.
A．until B．if C．since D．as
23．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）— Lily, ________ you are free after school, let’s go to the shop and buy a gift for Father.
—OK, Lucy. Tomorrow is Father’s birthday. I almost forgot it.
A．until B．if C．unless
24．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）Practice is very important. You will forget the new words ______ you often use them.
A．when B．unless C．if D．until
25．（2024·福建·中考真题）You can feel better ________ you take a walk in the park just for 20 minutes.
A．if B．before C．until
26．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）________ you are too tired to do all the things on your To-Do list, try a To-Don’t list.
A．If B．Until C．Although D．Unless
27．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Don’t forget you are a Chinese, ________ you go.
A．no matter what B．no matter how C．no matter where D．no matter when
28．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Everyone loves my dog Coffee, ________ he often makes a mess at home.
A．until B．since C．though D．whether
29．（2024·河北·中考真题）Jeff still works hard ________ he has achieved great success.
A．if B．before C．though D．because
30．（2024·吉林·中考真题）Bob watches the news every night _________ he wonders what’s going on around the world.
A．although B．because C．unless
31．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Many students lose marks simply ________ they do not read the questions carefully.
A．unless B．so C．before D．because
32．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Our school life is more interesting now _________ we can enjoy ourselves in different clubs.
A．because B．whether C．unless D．although
33．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope.
A．whom B．who C．which D．whose
34．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Although my grandfather is over 90 years old, he still remembers the people ________ he met when he was young.
A．who B．when C．where D．which
35．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance performance ________ is quite popular these days.
A．who B．which C．whose
36．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky.
A．where B．when C．which D．who
37．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—I’ll never forget the experiences ______ we had in the volunteer work last summer.
—Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun.
A．when B．who C．that
38．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ can help you when you are in trouble.
A．who B．whom C．whose D．which
39．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like best
—I like the movies ________ make me feel happy and relaxed.
A．what B．which C．who D．/
40．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ will always be there to share your laughter and tears.
A．what B．which C．who D．whom
1.宾语从句
　宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子。宾语从句的三要素为：语序、时态和连接词。
（1）宾语从句的语序
宾语从句要用陈述语序，即“主句＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。如：
（2）宾语从句的时态
①需要性原则：主句现在时，从句时态视客观需要而定。如：Can you tell me what he did yesterday？
②呼应性原则：主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态。如：Kate said she was reading a newspaper at this time yesterday.
③特殊性原则：表示客观事实、真理或自然现象时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。如：Mom told me that the earth goes around the sun.
（助记：主现从任意，主过从必过，真理永不变）
（3）宾语从句的连接词
连接词 意义及例句
从属连词that 无实际意义，可以省略：He says （that） his father has gone abroad.
从属连词whether/if “是否”，不可省略：He asked me whether I would stay there for another two days.
连接代词（what/which/who/whose/whom等） 在从句中作一定的成分（主语、宾语、定语等）：He asked me whose coat it was.
连接副词（when/where/why/how） 在从句中作状语：She doesn’t know when she should go there.＝She doesn’t know when to go there.
【拓展】
“疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，用于该结构的疑问词有how， when， what， where， which等。如：I don’t know where to go. 我不知道要去哪里。
2.状语从句
（1）状语从句分类及引导词
分类 引导词 例句
时间 状语从句 when， while， as（当……时） before，after（在时间点前/后） since（自从） until（直到……为止） as soon as（一……就……） ①When I lived there， I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. ②Can you look after my pet dog while I’m away？ ③I’ll stay here before my mother comes back. ④After we finished tea， we all sat on the grass. ⑤It has been five years since I began to learn English. ⑥I’ll call you as soon as I get there.
条件 状语从句 if（如果） unless（如果不，除非） as long as（只要） If you don’t work hard， you’ll fall behind others. ＝Unless you work hard， you’ll fall behind others.
让步 状语从句 though/although（虽然，尽管，即使） even if/even though（即使） （though/although， even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，不能与but同时使用） whether...or not（不管……还是） whatever/wherever/whenever（无论什么/无论哪里/无论何时） Jeff still works hard though/although he has achieved great success. 杰夫虽然取得了很大的成功，但他仍然努力工作。 I’ll get there， even if I have to walk. 我就是走也要走到那儿去。
原因 状语从句 because， since， as （because，since，as均意为“因为”， 引导原因状语从句时放在句中，也可以放在句首，但是不可以和so连用；表示原因时as语气最弱） now that（既然） He didn’t attend the meeting because he was ill. 他没有参加会议，因为他病了。 Since everyone is here，let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都到齐了，我们开始开会吧。 As rain has fallen，the air is cooler. 由于下了雨，空气比较凉爽。 How do you fill your day now that you’ve retired？既然你已经退休了，你如何打发你的日子？
方式 状语从句 as（按照……方式） as if/though（似乎，好像） They did as I had asked. He looked around as if he was in search of something.
目的 状语从句 so that（以便；为了……） in order that（为了……） Tell me her address so that/in order that I can go and see her.
结果 状语从句 so...that...（如此……以至于……） （“so＋adj./adv.＋that从句”） such...that...（如此……以至于……） [“such（＋a/an）＋adj.＋不可数名词/可数名词（单）复数＋that从句”] It is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it. ＝It is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it.
（2）状语从句的时态
①主将从现：在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。常用此类词（组）有：表时间的when， while， until， till， before， after， as soon as，以及表条件的if， unless， as long as等。如：When I am 18， I will learn to drive.
②主祈/情从现：若主句是祈使句或含情态动词，从句用一般现在时表将来。如：If you work hard， you can pass the exam easily.
③since引导的时间状语从句，主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：Twenty years has passed since I came here.
3.定语从句
（1）定语从句引导词之关系代词
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注
关系代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人或物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that 人或物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人或物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. As we all know，she is a kind-hearted girl. as做宾语一般不省略
（2）定语从句中的重要考点
①只能用that的情况：
⑴ 先行词为不定代词 all, none, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing, everything，etc。
⑵ 先行词被all, each, few, little, much, some, any, no, every,等修饰时。
⑶ 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级。
⑷ 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the next修饰时。
⑸ 先行词同时指人和指物时。
⑹ 在以which, who开头的的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复。
②只能用which，不能用that的情况
⑴ 介词后面不能用that ，指人只能用whom, 指物只能用which
⑵ 在非限制性定语从句中，即逗号后面不能用that ，指人，做主语用who, 宾语用whom; 指物只能用which
⑶ 指代前面整个句子，不能用that，只能用which，翻译成中文为“这”。
关系副词的指代及功能
关系副词 先行词 功能
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 可用on which
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 可用in which
why reason 原因状语 可用for which
（3）具体用法辨析
1．关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.
我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。
2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。
I'd like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.
我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。
3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。
Can you explain the reason(＝for which)why you don't help him
你能解释一下不帮助他的理由吗？
I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。
1.宾语从句
2.状语从句
定义 状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。
位置 状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。
分类 根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。
作用 它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。
3.状语从句
当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
如：He is one of the boys who like playing basketball.他是喜欢打篮球的男孩之一。
只能用关系代词that的几种情况：
1.先行词为不定代词 anything, nothing, the one， all, much, few,any，little时。
如：Is there anything that I can do for you 有什么我能为你效劳的吗
2.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
如:He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过这次考试的人。
3.先行词被the only, the very修饰时。
如：The only thing that I want to do is to have a rest.我唯一想做的事就是好好休息。
4.先行词既有人又有物时。
如：The film star and her film that you have just talked about are really well-known.你刚刚谈到的那个影星和她的电影都非常出名。
当先行词前面有who，which等疑问代词时。如:Who is the man that is standing over there
关系代词不能省略的情况：
①关系代词which，whom在从句中作介词宾语并且介词置于关系代词前时，不能省略。
如:I'll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。②that， which，who在从句中作主语时，不能省略。
如：Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher 正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题11 三大从句（宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句）
1．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—Mrs Lin. I’m new here. Could you please tell me ________
—Sure. It has a long history and looks attractive.
A．what Nantong Museum is like B．how far the Haohe River is
C．how I can get to Binjiang Park D．what I can see in the Wolf Hill
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——林太太，我是新来的。你能告诉我南通博物馆是什么样子的吗？——当然。它有着悠久的历史，看起来很有吸引力。
考查宾语从句和情景交际。what Nantong Museum is like南通博物馆是什么样子的；how far the Haohe River is浩河有多远；how I can get to Binjiang Park我怎么去滨江公园；what I can see in the Wolf Hill我在狼山看到了什么。根据“Sure. It has a long history and looks attractive.”以及选项可知，此处应是询问南通博物馆是什么样子，选项A符合。故选A。
2．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Miss Song, I haven’t decided _______.
—I really hope you will visit it. It’s a good chance to learn about the history of our city.
A．how will I go to Suqian Museum
B．how I will go to Suqian Museum
C．whether will I go to Suqian Museum
D．whether I will go to Suqian Museum
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——宋小姐，我还没决定是否去宿迁博物馆。——我真的希望你能去参观。这是了解我们城市历史的好机会。
考查宾语从句。how will I go to Suqian Museum我怎么去宿迁博物馆，疑问语序；how I will go to Suqian Museum我怎么去宿迁博物馆，陈述语序；whether will I go to Suqian Museum我是否会去宿迁博物馆，疑问语序；whether I will go to Suqian Museum我是否会去宿迁博物馆，陈述语序。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AC；根据答语“I really hope you will visit it. It’s a good chance to learn about the history of our city.”可知，还没决定是否去，故选D。
3．（2024·北京·中考真题）—Tim, do you know ________ the art festival
— Sure! Next Friday.
A．when did we hold B．when we held C．when will we hold D．when we will hold
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——Tim，你知道我们什么时候举办艺术节吗？——当然知道！下个星期五。
考查宾语从句。分析句子结构并结合选项可知，此处为宾语从句，应用陈述语序，排除选项A、C；根据答语中的“Next Friday.”可知，此处表示将来要发生的动作，时态应用一般将来时。故选D。
4．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）—Could you tell me ______
—Sorry, I’ve never had a home robot before. Why not read the instructions first
A．where can I buy a home robot B．where I can buy a home robot
C．how can I turn the home robot on D．how I can turn the home robot on
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我怎样启动家用机器人吗？——对不起，我以前从来没有过家用机器人。为什么不先看看说明书呢？
考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除AC选项；再根据“Why not read the instructions first ”可知，建议看说明书，说明问句是问如何启动家用机器人，用how引导宾语从句。故选D。
5．（2024·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Do you know ________
—Of course! In Paris, France.
A．when the 33rd Olympic Games will be held
B．where will the 33rd Olympic Games be held
C．where the 33rd Olympic Games will be held
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你知道第33届奥运会将在哪里举行吗？——当然知道！在法国巴黎。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除B；根据答语“In Paris, France.”可知，对地点提问用where。故选C。
6．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）—Jingxuan, Boonie Bears: Time Twist (《·逆转时空》) has come out. Would you mind telling me ________
—Certainly not. Vick () is.
A．how the movie is B．what the movie is about C．who your favorite character is
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——景轩，《·逆转时空》上映了。你介意告诉我谁是你最喜欢的角色吗？——当然不介意。。考查宾语从句。how the movie is电影怎么样；what the movie is about这部电影是关于什么的；who your favorite character is谁是你最喜欢的角色。根据答语“Vick () is.”可知，对人物提问，故选C。
7．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）—Do you know _____
—20-30 minutes, the experts suggest.
A．what we should eat for a meal B．where we should eat a meal
C．why we should not eat a meal too quickly D．how long we should spend eating a meal
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你知道我们应该花多长时间吃一顿饭吗？——20至30分钟，专家建议。
考查宾语从句。what we should eat for a meal我们一顿饭应该吃什么；where we should eat a meal我们应该在哪里吃饭；why we should not eat a meal too quickly为什么我们不应该吃得太快；how long we should spend eating a meal我们应该花多长时间吃一顿饭。答语“20-30 minutes”表时间段，故用how long引导宾语从句。故选D。
8．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）—The Mid-Autumn Festival is coming. I wonder ________.
—In your uncle’s home.
A．where we will celebrate it B．when we will celebrate it
C．where will we celebrate it D．when will we celebrate it
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——中秋节快到了。我想知道我们将在哪里庆祝。——在你叔叔的家里。
考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除CD；根据“In your uncle’s home”可知此处询问地点，用where引导宾语从句。故选A。
9．（2024·吉林·中考真题）—Can you tell me _________
—Sure. By taking notes and watching English films.
A．why we can learn English well
B．when we can learn English well
C．how we can learn English well
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我我们怎样才能学好英语吗？——当然。通过做笔记和看英语电影。
考查宾语从句。why为什么；when什么时候；how怎样。根据“By taking notes and watching English films.”可知，此处询问学好英语的方法，故用how引导宾语从句。故选C。
10．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—I just went back from Guangzhou. Can you guess __________
—I suppose you took the high-speed train (高铁).
A．how did I get there B．when I got there C．how I got there
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我刚从广州回来。你能猜到我是怎么到那里的吗？——我想你坐的是高铁。
考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，本句是宾语从句，用陈述语序，可排除A选项；根据“took the high-speed train (高铁).”可知，是让对方猜测如何去广州的，用how引导宾语从句。故选C。
11．（2024·广西·中考真题）—Could you please tell me ________
—In my hometown.
A．how you usually go to school
B．where you usually spend your holiday
C．when you usually have breakfast at school
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你通常在哪里度假吗？——在我的家乡。
考查宾语从句。根据答语“In my hometown.”可知，对地点提问，故选B。
12．（2024·天津·中考真题）— Could you tell me _________
— He likes the Science Museum best.
A．when Kevin visited the museum B．which museum Kevin likes best
C．when did Kevin visit the museum D．which museum does Kevin like best
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我凯文最喜欢哪个博物馆吗？——他最喜欢科学博物馆。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除CD；根据答语“He likes the Science Museum best.”可知，询问最喜欢哪个，故选B。
13．（2024·河北·中考真题）To know ________ the mountain top looks like, you need to reach it.
A．what B．when C．where D．which
【答案】A
【详解】句意：要想知道山顶是什么样子，你需要到达它。
考查宾语从句。what什么；when什么时候；where哪里；which哪一个。分析句子可知，此处指想知道山顶是什么样子，应用what引导宾语从句。故选A。
14．（2024·湖北武汉·中考真题）The saying “Knowledge starts with practice” tells us ________.
A．what is knowledge B．how we can get knowledge
C．why is practice powerful D．when we should start practicing
【答案】B
【详解】句意：“实践出真知”这句话告诉我们如何获得知识。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AC；结合“Knowledge starts with practice”可知，强调方式，故选B。
15．（2024·福建·中考真题）—Do you know ________
—Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu, all born in the 1980s.
A．how the Shenzhou XVIII entered space
B．when the Shenzhou XVIII entered space
C．who entered space in the Shenzhou XVⅢ
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你知道谁乘坐神舟18号进入太空了吗？——80后的叶光富、李聪、李广苏。
考查宾语从句。根据“Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu, all born in the 1980s.”可知此句是对人的提问，用who引导的宾语从句。故选C。
16．（2024·安徽·中考真题）—Could you tell us ________ we can start a conversation with a foreigner
—Talking about weather is a good choice.
A．how B．whether C．why D．when
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我们如何与外国人开始对话吗？——谈论天气是个不错的选择。
考查宾语从句的引导词。how如何；whether是否；why为什么；when什么时候。根据“we can start a conversation with a foreigner”以及“Talking about weather is a good choice.”可知是如何与外国人开始对话，用how引导宾语从句。故选A。
17．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Teenagers don’t always understand ________ their parents have so many rules.
A．why B．which C．where D．what
【答案】A
【详解】句意：青少年并不总是理解为什么他们的父母有这么多规则。
考查宾语从句。why为什么；which哪一个；where在哪里；what什么。分析句子可知，此处是含宾语从句的复合句，从句不缺主语、宾语，故不用which、what引导从句。结合句子可知，此处询问原因，故用why。故选A。
18．（2024·云南·中考真题）—Can you tell me________
—Sure. I usually give some books to a village library.
A．when World Book Day is B．when is World Book Day
C．how you celebrate World Book Day D．how do you celebrate World Book Day
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你是如何庆祝世界图书日的吗？——当然。我通常会把一些书送给村里的图书馆。考查宾语从句。根据“I usually give some books to a village library.”及选项可知，此处询问如何庆祝世界读书日，询问方式，应用how引导宾语从句。宾语从句应为陈述语序，排除D选项。故选C。
19．（2024·四川·中考真题）—Why are you late for class
—________ my alarm clock didn’t go off this morning.
A．So B．Because C．However D．Unless
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你为什么上课迟到？——因为我的闹钟今天早上没有响。
考查连词辨析。so所以；because因为；however然而；unless除非。根据“Why are you late for class ”可知此处回答原因，用because。故选B。
20．（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题）—How long have you been in Qiqihar
—________ my father came here to work five years ago.
A．When B．While C．Since
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你在齐齐哈尔多久了？——自从我父亲五年前来这里工作以来。
考查特殊疑问句及词汇辨析。When当……时；While当……时；Since自从。How long询问一段时间，可用“Since+一段时间+ago”回答。故选C。
21．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Tom didn’t go to bed ________ his mother came back last night.
A．until B．if C．because D．unless
【答案】A
【详解】句意：汤姆直到他妈妈昨晚回来才上床睡觉。
考查连词辨析。until直到；if如果；because因为；unless除非。分析句子可知，此处指汤姆直到妈妈回来才上床睡觉。not…until…“直到……才……”。故选A。
22．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）You will never truly understand your parents’ great love ______ you grow up.
A．until B．if C．since D．as
【答案】A
【详解】句意：直到你长大，你才会真正理解父母之爱有多伟大。
考查连词辨析。until直到；if如果；since既然；as随着。根据“You will never truly understand your parents’ great love…you grow up”可知，直到长大才会理解父母的爱，故选A。
23．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）— Lily, ________ you are free after school, let’s go to the shop and buy a gift for Father.
—OK, Lucy. Tomorrow is Father’s birthday. I almost forgot it.
A．until B．if C．unless
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——莉莉，如果你放学后有空，我们去商店给爸爸买份礼物吧。——好的，露西。明天是爸爸的生日，我差点忘了。
考查连词辨析。until直到；if如果；unless除非。根据“you are free after school, let’s go to the shop and buy a gift for Father.”可知，前句是后句的肯定条件，如果莉莉有时间，她们才能一起去买礼物，应用if引导条件状语从句。故选B。
24．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）Practice is very important. You will forget the new words ______ you often use them.
A．when B．unless C．if D．until
【答案】B
【详解】句意：练习是非常重要的。如果你不经常使用生词，你就会忘记它们。
考查连词辨析。when当……时；unless除非；if如果；until直到。根据“You will forget the new words … you often use them.”可知，除非经常使用，否则会忘记的，故选B。
25．（2024·福建·中考真题）You can feel better ________ you take a walk in the park just for 20 minutes.
A．if B．before C．until
【答案】A
【详解】句意：如果你在公园散步20分钟，你会感觉好一些。
考查从属连词辨析。if如果；before在……之前；until直到。“you take a walk in the park just for 20 minutes”是“You can feel better”的条件，用if引导条件状语从句，故选A。
26．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）________ you are too tired to do all the things on your To-Do list, try a To-Don’t list.
A．If B．Until C．Although D．Unless
【答案】A
【详解】句意：如果你太累了，无法完成待办事项清单上的所有事情，试着列一张勿做事项清单。
考查连词辨析。If如果；Until直到；Although尽管；Unless除非。分析句子可知，此处指如果完成待办事项清单上的所有事情感到很累，可以列一张“勿做”清单，应用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。
27．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Don’t forget you are a Chinese, ________ you go.
A．no matter what B．no matter how C．no matter where D．no matter when
【答案】C
【详解】句意：不要忘记你是一个中国人，无论你去哪里。
考查让步状语从句。no matter what无论什么；no matter how无论如何；no matter where无论哪里；no matter when无论何时。根据“you go”可知，无论去哪里，不要忘记自己是中国人，故选C。
28．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Everyone loves my dog Coffee, ________ he often makes a mess at home.
A．until B．since C．though D．whether
【答案】C
【详解】句意：每个人都喜欢我的狗Coffee，尽管它经常在家里弄得一团糟。
考查连词辨析。until直到；since自从；though尽管；whether是否。分析句子可知，虽然Coffee把家里弄得很乱，但是每个人都喜欢它，故用though引导让步状语从句。故选C。
29．（2024·河北·中考真题）Jeff still works hard ________ he has achieved great success.
A．if B．before C．though D．because
【答案】C
【详解】句意：杰夫虽然取得了很大的成功，但他仍然努力工作。
考查从属连词辨析。if如果；before在之前；though虽然；because因为。分析“Jeff still works hard ... he has achieved great success.”可知，两句话构成让步关系，用though连接，故选C。
30．（2024·吉林·中考真题）Bob watches the news every night _________ he wonders what’s going on around the world.
A．although B．because C．unless
【答案】B
【详解】句意：鲍勃每天晚上都看新闻，因为他想知道世界各地发生了什么。
考查连词辨析。although尽管；because因为；unless除非。分析句子可知，鲍勃每天看新闻，是因为想知道世界各地发生了什么，后文表原因，用because连接。故选B。
31．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Many students lose marks simply ________ they do not read the questions carefully.
A．unless B．so C．before D．because
【答案】D
【详解】句意：许多学生丢分仅仅是因为他们没有仔细阅读问题。
考查连词辨析。unless除非；so因此；before在……之前；because因为。分析句子可知，学生丢分的原因是没有仔细阅读问题，后者表原因，应用because连接，引导原因状语从句。故选D。
32．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）Our school life is more interesting now _________ we can enjoy ourselves in different clubs.
A．because B．whether C．unless D．although
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们的学校生活现在更有趣了，因为我们可以在不同的俱乐部玩得很开心。
考查连词辨析。because因为；whether是否；unless除非；although尽管。分析句子可知，学校生活更有趣的原因是可以在不同的俱乐部玩得开心，前后文之间是因果关系，后文表示原因，应用because连接。故选A。
33．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope.
A．whom B．who C．which D．whose
【答案】B
【详解】句意：在困难时期，总是会有挺身而出、给人们带来希望的国家英雄。
考查定语从句的关系词。whom先行词为人，在从句中充当宾语；who先行词为人，在从句中充当主语；which先行词为物；whose先行词为人，在从句中充当定语。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词heroes，是人；根据先行词在从句中充当主语，所以用who引导。故选B。
34．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Although my grandfather is over 90 years old, he still remembers the people ________ he met when he was young.
A．who B．when C．where D．which
【答案】A
【详解】句意：虽然我的祖父已经90多岁了，但他仍然记得他年轻时遇到的那些人。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词是“the people”，从句中缺少主语，指人，应用who引导定语从句。故选A。
35．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The “Kemusan” dance is an eye-catching dance performance ________ is quite popular these days.
A．who B．which C．whose
【答案】B
【详解】句意：“科目三”是最近很受欢迎的引人注目的舞蹈表演。
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词dance performance指物，在从句中作主语，关系词用which，故选B。
36．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ________ can fly in the sky.
A．where B．when C．which D．who
【答案】C
【详解】句意：作为一个科学爱好者，我希望我能发明一辆能在空中飞行的自行车。考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是a bike，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故选C。
37．（2024·四川乐山·中考真题）—I’ll never forget the experiences ______ we had in the volunteer work last summer.
—Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun.
A．when B．who C．that
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我永远不会忘记去年夏天我们在志愿者工作中的经历。——我也是。这三天是有意义的，充满了乐趣。考查定语从句。when先行词为时间，在从句中作状语；who先行词为人，在从句中作主语/宾语；that先行词为人/物。根据“experiences”可知，先行词为物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，用that引导。故选C。
38．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ can help you when you are in trouble.
A．who B．whom C．whose D．which
【答案】A
【详解】句意：真正的朋友是在你困难的时候能帮助你的人。
考查定语从句引导词。who指人，在句中作主语/宾语；whom指人，在句中作宾语；whose在句中作定语；which在句中指物。空格所在句为定语从句，修饰名词person，指人，并且在句中作主语，用引导词who。故选A。
39．（2024·四川遂宁·中考真题）—What kind of movies do you like best
—I like the movies ________ make me feel happy and relaxed.
A．what B．which C．who D．/
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你最喜欢哪种电影？——我喜欢那些让我感到快乐和放松的电影。
考查定语从句。what什么，不引导定语从句；which引导定语从句，先行词指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who谁，引导定语从句，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子可知，此处是含定语从句的复合句，先行词the movies指物，且连接词在从句中作主语，应用which引导，且不可省略。故选B。
40．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ will always be there to share your laughter and tears.
A．what B．which C．who D．whom
【答案】C
【详解】句意：真正的朋友是一个永远会与你分享欢笑和泪水的人。
考查定语从句。what什么，不引导定语从句；which哪一个，先行词指物；who谁，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom谁，先行词指人，在从句中作宾语。分析句子可知，此处是含定语从句的复合句，先行词a person指人，且连接词在从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句。故选C。
1.宾语从句
　宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子。宾语从句的三要素为：语序、时态和连接词。
（1）宾语从句的语序
宾语从句要用陈述语序，即“主句＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。如：
（2）宾语从句的时态
①需要性原则：主句现在时，从句时态视客观需要而定。如：Can you tell me what he did yesterday？
②呼应性原则：主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态。如：Kate said she was reading a newspaper at this time yesterday.
③特殊性原则：表示客观事实、真理或自然现象时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。如：Mom told me that the earth goes around the sun.
（助记：主现从任意，主过从必过，真理永不变）
（3）宾语从句的连接词
连接词 意义及例句
从属连词that 无实际意义，可以省略：He says （that） his father has gone abroad.
从属连词whether/if “是否”，不可省略：He asked me whether I would stay there for another two days.
连接代词（what/which/who/whose/whom等） 在从句中作一定的成分（主语、宾语、定语等）：He asked me whose coat it was.
连接副词（when/where/why/how） 在从句中作状语：She doesn’t know when she should go there.＝She doesn’t know when to go there.
【拓展】
“疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等，用于该结构的疑问词有how， when， what， where， which等。如：I don’t know where to go. 我不知道要去哪里。
2.状语从句
（1）状语从句分类及引导词
分类 引导词 例句
时间 状语从句 when， while， as（当……时） before，after（在时间点前/后） since（自从） until（直到……为止） as soon as（一……就……） ①When I lived there， I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. ②Can you look after my pet dog while I’m away？ ③I’ll stay here before my mother comes back. ④After we finished tea， we all sat on the grass. ⑤It has been five years since I began to learn English. ⑥I’ll call you as soon as I get there.
条件 状语从句 if（如果） unless（如果不，除非） as long as（只要） If you don’t work hard， you’ll fall behind others. ＝Unless you work hard， you’ll fall behind others.
让步 状语从句 though/although（虽然，尽管，即使） even if/even though（即使） （though/although， even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，不能与but同时使用） whether...or not（不管……还是） whatever/wherever/whenever（无论什么/无论哪里/无论何时） Jeff still works hard though/although he has achieved great success. 杰夫虽然取得了很大的成功，但他仍然努力工作。 I’ll get there， even if I have to walk. 我就是走也要走到那儿去。
原因 状语从句 because， since， as （because，since，as均意为“因为”， 引导原因状语从句时放在句中，也可以放在句首，但是不可以和so连用；表示原因时as语气最弱） now that（既然） He didn’t attend the meeting because he was ill. 他没有参加会议，因为他病了。 Since everyone is here，let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都到齐了，我们开始开会吧。 As rain has fallen，the air is cooler. 由于下了雨，空气比较凉爽。 How do you fill your day now that you’ve retired？既然你已经退休了，你如何打发你的日子？
方式 状语从句 as（按照……方式） as if/though（似乎，好像） They did as I had asked. He looked around as if he was in search of something.
目的 状语从句 so that（以便；为了……） in order that（为了……） Tell me her address so that/in order that I can go and see her.
结果 状语从句 so...that...（如此……以至于……） （“so＋adj./adv.＋that从句”） such...that...（如此……以至于……） [“such（＋a/an）＋adj.＋不可数名词/可数名词（单）复数＋that从句”] It is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it. ＝It is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it.
（2）状语从句的时态
①主将从现：在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。常用此类词（组）有：表时间的when， while， until， till， before， after， as soon as，以及表条件的if， unless， as long as等。如：When I am 18， I will learn to drive.
②主祈/情从现：若主句是祈使句或含情态动词，从句用一般现在时表将来。如：If you work hard， you can pass the exam easily.
③since引导的时间状语从句，主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：Twenty years has passed since I came here.
3.定语从句
（1）定语从句引导词之关系代词
关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注
关系代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that
whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人或物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that 人或物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人或物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. As we all know，she is a kind-hearted girl. as做宾语一般不省略
（2）定语从句中的重要考点
①只能用that的情况：
⑴ 先行词为不定代词 all, none, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing, everything，etc。
⑵ 先行词被all, each, few, little, much, some, any, no, every,等修饰时。
⑶ 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级。
⑷ 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the next修饰时。
⑸ 先行词同时指人和指物时。
⑹ 在以which, who开头的的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复。
②只能用which，不能用that的情况
⑴ 介词后面不能用that ，指人只能用whom, 指物只能用which
⑵ 在非限制性定语从句中，即逗号后面不能用that ，指人，做主语用who, 宾语用whom; 指物只能用which
⑶ 指代前面整个句子，不能用that，只能用which，翻译成中文为“这”。
关系副词的指代及功能
关系副词 先行词 功能
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 可用on which
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 可用in which
why reason 原因状语 可用for which
（3）具体用法辨析
1．关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.
我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。
2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。
I'd like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.
我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。
3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。
Can you explain the reason(＝for which)why you don't help him
你能解释一下不帮助他的理由吗？
I don't know the reason why he didn't turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。
1.宾语从句
2.状语从句
定义 状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。
位置 状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。
分类 根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。
作用 它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。
3.状语从句
当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
如：He is one of the boys who like playing basketball.他是喜欢打篮球的男孩之一。
只能用关系代词that的几种情况：
1.先行词为不定代词 anything, nothing, the one， all, much, few,any，little时。
如：Is there anything that I can do for you 有什么我能为你效劳的吗
2.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
如:He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过这次考试的人。
3.先行词被the only, the very修饰时。
如：The only thing that I want to do is to have a rest.我唯一想做的事就是好好休息。
4.先行词既有人又有物时。
如：The film star and her film that you have just talked about are really well-known.你刚刚谈到的那个影星和她的电影都非常出名。
当先行词前面有who，which等疑问代词时。如:Who is the man that is standing over there
关系代词不能省略的情况：
①关系代词which，whom在从句中作介词宾语并且介词置于关系代词前时，不能省略。
如:I'll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。②that， which，who在从句中作主语时，不能省略。
如：Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher 正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁
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