资源简介 / 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科知识过关第4讲 语法二U4名词所有格’s名词所有格表示 所属关系或 关联关系,通常用于 有生命的名词(如人、动物),但也可用于部分 拟人化的无生命名词(如时间、国家、机构等)。词类别 构成方法 示例 注意事项单数名词 在词尾加 ’s John’s book(约翰的书)a girl’s bag(女孩的包) 无论词尾是否以元音或辅音结尾,单数名词一律加 ’s。以 -s/-es 结尾的复数名词 在词尾加 ’(省略 ’s 中的 s) students’ classroom(学生们的教室)heroes’ stories(英雄们的故事) 复数名词本身已以 -s 结尾,直接加 ’ 表示所属。不以 -s 结尾的复数名词 在词尾加 ’s children’s toys(孩子们的玩具)men’s shoes(男人们的鞋) 如 child, man, woman 等复数形式不含 -s,需加 ’s。以 -s 结尾的专有名词(人名) 加 ’s 或 ’ 均可(更常用 ’s) Charles’s car 或 Charles’ car(查尔斯的车)Thomas’s book 或 Thomas’ book(托马斯的书) 两种形式均正确,加 ’s 更符合语法习惯,尤其在正式写作中。并列名词(各自所有) 每个名词后分别加 ’s Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms(露西和莉莉各自的房间) 表示 “各自拥有”,需分别加 ’s,此时名词为复数。物主代词一、定义物主代词 是用来表示 所属关系(“谁的”)的代词,相当于 “形容词 + 名词” 或 “名词所有格”,避免名词重复,使句子更简洁。二、分类与形式物主代词分为 形容词性物主代词和 名词性物主代词,具体形式如下:表格:物主代词的形式对比人称 形容词性物主代词(后接名词) 名词性物主代词(独立使用)第一人称单数 my(我的) mine(我的)第二人称单数 your(你的) yours(你的)第三人称单数 his(他的)/her(她的)/its(它的) his / hers / its第一人称复数 our(我们的) ours(我们的)第二人称复数 your(你们的) yours(你们的)第三人称复数 their(他们的 / 她们的 / 它们的) theirs(他们的 / 她们的 / 它们的)三、核心用法解析1. 形容词性物主代词(后接名词,不可单独使用)相当于形容词,修饰名词,位于名词前。例:My book is on the desk.(我的书在桌上。)Their house is very big.(他们的房子很大。)注意:不可单独使用,必须搭配名词。 This is my.(错误) This is my pen.(正确)2. 名词性物主代词(独立使用,相当于 “形容词性物主代词 + 名词”)相当于名词,本身已包含被指代的名词,后不接名词。例:Your car is red, mine is blue.(你的车是红色的,我的是蓝色的。)These books are theirs.(这些书是他们的。)替换逻辑:名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 前文提到的名词例:This is her bag, and that is mine.(= my bag)U5 情态动词 can could may的用法和形容词一、情态动词can, could, may的用法1. 情态动词can的用法表示能力:意为“能,会” ,用来描述某人具备做某事的能力。例如“Millie can play the piano.”(米莉会弹钢琴) ,这里“can play”体现米莉有弹钢琴的能力。表示许可:意为“可以” ,用于给予或请求许可。比如“You can use my pen.”(你可以用我的钢笔)是给予许可;“Can you pass me the books ”(你能给我递一下那些书吗)是请求对方做某事的许可。2. 情态动词could的用法表示过去的能力:could是can的过去式 ,用来描述过去某时具备的能力。“Could you speak English at the age of five ”(你5岁的时候会说英语吗) ,询问过去特定时间的能力;“His mother is a good cook now, but she couldn't cook meals two years ago.”他的妈妈现在做饭很好吃,但2年前她不会做饭 ,体现过去不具备现在有的能力。表示委婉请求:在某些场合,could可用来代替can ,表示现在的情况,语气比can更委婉。“Could you answer me a question ”你能回答我一个问题吗回答时要用can ,如“Yes, I can./Sorry, I can't.”3. 情态动词may的用法:主要表示许可,意为“可以” ,用于请求或给予许可。“May I come in ”(我可以进来吗)是请求许可“You may take everything you like.”(你喜欢什么就拿什么吧)是给予许可二、形容词形容词是用来描述人或事物的性质、特征、状态或属性的词。在句子中可以充当表语(位于系动词之后,描述主语的状态等 ,如“She is beautiful.”中“beautiful”是表语 )和定语(用来修饰名词,放在名词前,如“a red apple”中“red”是定语 )U6不定代词和感叹句一、不定代词的用法含 some - 的不定代词用法:somebody/someone/something 常用于肯定句 。在疑问句中,如果希望得到对方肯定的回答,也会使用含有 some - 的不定代词 。示例:“someone at the door.”(门口有个人 )是肯定句用法;“Would you like something to drink ”(你想喝点儿什么吗 )是疑问句中希望得到肯定回答的用法。含 any - 的不定代词用法:anybody/anyone/anything 常用于否定句或疑问句 。anybody/anyone 表示 “任何人” ,anything 表示 “任何事” 。示例:“Did you see anybody/anyone there ”(你在那儿看到什么人了吗 )是疑问句用法;“I didn't see anybody/anyone.”(我谁也没看到 )是否定句用法。含 no - 的不定代词用法:No - 有否定含义,no one 表示 “没有人” ,nobody 等同于 not anyone ,nothing 等同于 not anything 。示例:“No one would like to go there.”(没有人愿意去那里 ) ;“I saw nobody there.”(我在那儿谁也没看到 ) ;“There is nothing in the box.”(盒子里什么都没有 ) 。含 every - 的不定代词用法:everybody/everyone/everything 可用于各种句式中 ,意思分别是 “每个人,人人” 和 “每件事,一切” 。且一般都被视作单数,谓语动词用单数 。示例:“Is everybody/everyone here ”(大家都在吗 ) ;“Everything is ready.”(一切都准备好了 ) 。二、感叹句的用法我们常用感叹句来表达高兴、愤怒、伤心等情感。感叹句通常由 what 或 how 来引导。what (+ 不定冠词)+ 形容词 + 名词 + 缩略的陈述句(陈述句的主语是代词)。如:What a nice boy he is! 他是一个多好的男孩啊!What nice boys they are! 他们是多么好的男孩啊!What an exciting film it is! 这是一部多么令人兴奋的电影啊!U7-8 一般过去时一、定义过去动作 / 状态:表示过去某个时间发生的动作(如:I went to school yesterday.)或存在的状态(如:She was happy last week.)。过去习惯:描述过去经常性、习惯性的动作(如:He often played football after school.)。过去能力 / 性格:体现过去具备的能力(如:She could swim at five.)或性格特征。二、构成类型 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句be 动词 主语 + was/were + 表语(如:I was late.) 主语 + was/were + not + 表语(如:I wasn't late.) Was/Were + 主语 + 表语?(如:Was he at home ) 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 表语?(如:Where was she )实义动词 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他(如:He played football.) 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他(如:He didn't play football.) Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?(如:Did he play football ) 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?(如:What did he do )三、标志词(时间状语)yesterday 相关:yesterday, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening, the day before yesterday。last 相关:last night/week/month/year, last Sunday。ago 相关:two days ago, a month ago, long time ago。介词 + 过去时间:in 1999, on May 1st。其他:just now, in the past, the other day。四、用法具体过去时间:与上述时间状语连用,描述过去某一时刻的动作 / 状态(如:I saw a film last night.)。过去习惯:与 always, often 等连用,体现过去的常规行为(如:She always carried an umbrella.)。连续动作:通过上下文体现过去连续发生的动作(如:He opened the door, went in, and sat down.)。宾语从句:主句为过去时,从句描述过去事实(如:She said she liked English.)。五、动词过去式变化规则规则变化:一般加 - ed(work→worked);以 e 结尾加 - d(live→lived);辅音 + y→i+ed(study→studied);重读闭音节双写尾字母 + ed(stop→stopped)。不规则变化:需单独记忆(如:go→went, have→had, is/am→was, are→were)。1.—Excuse me, is this ________ new house —Yes, it’s ________. Their parents bought it last week.A.Sandy and Daniel’s; them B.Sandy’s and Daniel’s; themC.Sandy and Daniel’s; theirs D.Sandy’s and Daniel’s; theirs【答案】C【详解】句意:——请问,这是桑迪和丹尼尔的新房子吗?——是的,这是他们的。他们的父母上周买的。考查’s所有格和代词辨析。them他们,人称代词宾格;theirs他们的,名词性物主代词。根据空后的“new house”以及答语“it”可知,此处表示两者共有,在第二个人名后加’s;第二空指代“两人的房子”,空后无名词,用名词性物主代词theirs。故选C。2.Compared with his raincoat ________ is much older.A.my B.me C.mine D.myself【答案】C【详解】句意:与他的雨衣相比,我的(雨衣)旧得多。考查代词辨析。my我的,形容词性物主代词,后面需接名词;me我,人称代词宾格;mine我的,名词性物主代词,相当于“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”,可单独使用;myself我自己,反身代词。根据“Compared with his raincoat”可知,这里是“我的雨衣”和“他的雨衣”作比较,空格后没有名词,所以要用名词性物主代词mine来指代“我的雨衣”,故选C。3.—Is this your pen —No, it’s not ________. It’s________A.my; his B.mine; your C.mine; hers D.his; hers【答案】C【详解】句意:——这是你的钢笔吗?——不,不是我的。这是她的。考查名词性物主代词。mine我的(名词性物主代词);your你的/你们的(形容词性物主代词);his他的(名词性或形容词性物主代词);hers她的(名词性物主代词);my我的(形容词性物主代词)。分析句子可知,第一空后和第二空后都没有接名词,故皆填名词性物主代词,排除选项A和B;根据问句“这是你的钢笔吗?”可知,否定回答应是“不,不是我的。”。故选C。4.—Are those books________ —No, they are not mine. They belong to________.A.yours;he B.yours;his C.yours;him D.your, he【答案】C【详解】句意:——那些书是你的吗?——不, 它们不是我的。它们属于他。考查名词性物主代词和人称代词宾格。yours你的,名词性物主代词;he他,人称代词主格; yours你的;his他的,物主代词;yours你的;him他,人称代词宾格;your你的,形容词性物主代词, he他,人称代词主格。第一空后没有宾语,所填物主代词具有名词性特点,故填yours;第二空在短语“belong to sb.”属于某人,此处“to”是介词,后接人称代词宾格,故填him。故选C。5.—Does the new teacher Mr Lin teach ________ Chinese —No, ________ Chinese teacher is Miss Li. ________ knows Mr Lin.A.your; our; Her B.you; ours; Her C.your; ours; She D.you; our; She【答案】D【详解】句意:——新老师林老师教你们语文吗?——不,我们的语文老师是李老师。她认识林老师。考查人称代词。第一空teach是动词,遵循动宾原则,后接人称代词宾格,you的宾格是you;第二空Chinese teacher是名词短语,前面用形容词性物主代词充当定语来修饰,we的形容词性物主代词是our;第三空knows是动词,前面需要主格来充当主语,she的主格就是she。故选D。6.—Could I use your dictionary, Amy —Sorry, this is Mary’s dictionary. I left ________ at home.A.my B.mine C.her D.hers【答案】B【详解】句意:——艾米,我可以用你的字典吗?——抱歉,这是玛丽的字典。我把我的落在家里了。考查名词性物主代词。my我的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;her她的,形容词性物主代词或宾格代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词。根据“this is Mary’s dictionary. I left ... at home.”可知,此处是指我把我的字典落在家里,空后无名词,空处用名词性物主代词mine指代“我的字典”。故选B。7.Tomorrow will be the ________ fourteenth birthday. All the friends of________ will go to the party.A.twins’; theirs B.twin’s; theirs C.twins’; their D.twins’; they【答案】A【详解】句意:明天将是这对双胞胎的十四岁生日。他们所有的朋友都会去参加派对。考查名词所有格和代词用法。第一空表示“双胞胎的”生日,twin需先变复数,再变所有格,即twins’;第二空需用名词性物主代词theirs与“All the friends of...”构成双重所有格结构。故选A。8.I am very happy that a friend of ______ is coming to see me tomorrow.A.I B.me C.my D.mine【答案】D【详解】句意:我非常高兴我的一个朋友明天要来看我。考查物主代词的用法。I我,主格,作主语;me我,宾格,作宾语;my我的,形容词性物主代词,后面需接名词;mine我的(东西),名词性物主代词。“a friend of mine”是双重所有格形式,意思是“我的一个朋友”,这里“mine”相当于“my friends”,所以要用名词性物主代词,故选D。9.________ room is on the third floor and ________ is on the fifth floor.A.Theirs; ours B.Theirs; our C.Their; ours D.Their; our【答案】C【详解】句意:他们的房间在三楼,我们的房间在五楼。考查物主代词的用法。Theirs他们的(东西);ours我们的(东西);our我们的;Their他们的。第一个空后面有名词“room”,所以要用形容词性物主代词“their”来修饰;第二个空后面没有名词,这里指“我们的房间”,所以要用名词性物主代词“ours”,相当于“our room”。故选C。10.—Are these our vegetables —No, they aren’t. They belong to Lucy and Lily. They are ________.A.ours B.mine C.yours D.theirs【答案】D【详解】句意:——这些是我们的蔬菜吗?——不,不是。它们属于Lucy和Lily。它们是她们的。考查代词辨析。ours我们的;mine我的;yours你的,你们的;theirs她们的,他们的。根据“They belong to Lucy and Lily”可知,蔬菜属于Lucy和Lily,因此用第三人称复数物主代词“theirs”指代。故选D。11.—Many people believe that to keep fit, they ________ depend on coffee to stay awake.—Yes, too much caffeine can harm your health.A.can B.can’t C.needn’t D.need【答案】B【详解】句意:——许多人认为要保持健康,他们不能依赖咖啡来保持清醒。——是的,过量咖啡因有害健康。考查情态动词辨析。can能够;can’t不能;needn’t不必;need需要。根据答句“too much caffeine can harm your health”可知,此处强调“不能依赖咖啡”,故选B。12.—What’s the date for the graduation ceremony —It ______ be on June 25th. But I’m not sure.A.could B.couldn’t C.must D.mustn’t【答案】A【详解】句意:——毕业典礼的日期是什么时候?——可能在6月25日。但我不确定。考查情态动词。could表示可能性,语气较委婉、不确定;couldn’t不可能;must一定,表示肯定的推测,语气非常强烈;mustn’t禁止,不允许。根据答句“But I’m not sure.”可知,这里是一种不确定的推测,应用“could”。故选A。13.Sophie ______ read both English and French when she was only five years old.A.can B.could C.may D.need【答案】B【详解】句意:Sophie五岁时就能阅读英语和法语。考查情态动词用法。can能,表示现在具备的能力;could能,表婉转或过去具备的能力;may可能;need需要。根据“read both English and French when she was only five years old.”可知,空处强调过去具备阅读英语和法语的能力,需can的过去式could。故选B。14.—Mum, must I stay there the whole day —No, you ______. You ______ come back after lunch, if you like.A.mustn’t; can B.needn’t; must C.needn’t; may D.mustn’t; need【答案】C【详解】句意:——妈妈,我必须在那待一整天吗?——不,你不必。如果你喜欢的话,午饭后你就可以回来。考查情态动词的用法。needn’t不必;may可以;mustn’t一定不要,禁止,不许可;must必须;can能够;need需要。must进行提问时,否定回答一般使用need’t/don’t have to,排除选项A、D,再根据“e back after lunch, if you like.”可知,这里指的是,如果喜欢,午饭后可以回家。故选C。15.—Have you decided where to go for your summer holiday —Not yet. We ________ go to Qingdao. It’s a good place for vacation.A.may B.should C.need D.must【答案】A【详解】句意:——你已经决定去哪里度暑假了吗?——还没有。我们可能去青岛。那是一个度假的好地方。考查情态动词。may可能;should应该;need需要;must必须。根据“Not yet”可知,此处表示还没有决定,因此是没有把握的推测,用情态动词may,故选A。16.—Who helped you with your English —________! I learned it all by myself.A.Nobody B.Anybody C.Somebody D.Everybody【答案】A【详解】句意:——谁帮你学英语的?——没有人!我是自己学的。考查复合不定代词。Nobody没有人;Anybody任何人;Somebody有些人;Everybody每个人。根据答语中“I learned it all by myself.”可知,“没有人”教我学英语。此空应填Nobody,故选A。17.When it comes to teenage problems, ________ seems to have an answer, but finding the right way is not always easy.A.someone B.everyone C.nobody D.none【答案】B【详解】句意:当涉及青少年问题时,似乎每个人都有答案,但找到正确的方法并不总是容易的。考查不定代词辨析。someone某人;everyone每个人;nobody没有人;none没有任何人/物。根据“seems to have an answer”和“but…not always easy”的对比逻辑,可知前半句应表达“似乎人人都有解决方案”,强调普遍性,故选B。18.Many hands make light work. ________ will be achieved unless we work together.A.Nothing B.Anything C.Something D.Everything【答案】A【详解】句意:人多好办事。除非我们共同努力,否则将一事无成。考查代词辨析。Nothing没有什么;Anything任何事情;Something某些事情;Everything所有事情。根据“will be achieved unless we work together.”可知,指的是如果合作不好,就没有什么事能够完成,nothing符合语境。故选A。19.—Fan Zhendong is highly praised to have a gift for table tennis.—In fact, ________ was born good at anything without enough practice.A.nobody B.everybody C.somebody D.anybody【答案】A【详解】句意:——樊振东被称赞有打乒乓球的天赋。——事实上,如果没有足够的练习,没有人天生擅长任何事情。考查代词辨析。nobody没有人;everybody每个人;somebody某人;anybody任何人。根据“In fact, …was born good at anything without enough practice.”可知,此处是指没有足够的练习,没有人天生擅长任何事情。故选A。20.There is ________ in today’s newspaper.A.important something B.important anythingC.anything important D.something important【答案】D【详解】句意:今天的报纸上没有什么重要的东西。考查不定代词及形容词的用法。important重要的;something某事,一般用于肯定句中,以及表示请求建议等含义的疑问句中;anything任何事,一般用于否定及疑问句中,排除选项B、C,形容词修饰不定代词时,常放于不定代词之后。故选D。21.You’d better not read today’s newspaper, because there is ________ in it.A.something interesting B.nothing interestingC.anything interesting D.interesting anything【答案】B【详解】句意:你最好不要读今天的报纸,因为里面没有什么有趣的事。考查形容词位置和不定代词。something interesting有趣的事(常用于肯定句);nothing interesting没有什么有趣的;anything interesting有趣的事(常用于否定句和疑问句);interesting anything错误表达。根据“You’d better not read today’s newspaper ...”可知,建议对方不要读今天的报纸,说明报纸上没有什么有趣的事,表示否定用nothing,形容词修饰不定代词后置。故选B。22.—Hi, guys! Our team won first place in the table tennis match.—_______ exciting news it is! We are so happy about it.A.What B.How C.What an D.How an【答案】A【详解】句意:——嗨,伙伴们!我们队在乒乓球比赛中获得了第一名。——这是多么令人兴奋的消息啊!我们对此非常高兴。考查感叹句。“...exciting news it is!”是感叹句,结构为“What+形容词+不可数名词+主谓!”,news“新闻”,是不可数名词,用what引导。故选A。23.________ a beautiful place! Altay is known for its unique blend of cultures and landscapes.A.How B.What C.What a D.What an【答案】C【详解】句意:多么美丽的地方啊!阿勒泰以其独特的文化和风景而闻名。考查感叹句。本句是感叹句,中心词place是可数名词的单数形式,符合感叹句结构“What a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主谓!”,且beautiful是以辅音音素开头的形容词,所以不定冠词用a。故选C。24.—The AI DeepSeek can help people search for information, draw pictures and so on.—________ amazing tool it is!A.What B.How C.What an D.How an【答案】C【详解】句意:——人工智能DeepSeek可以帮助人们搜索信息、画画等等。——真是一个神奇的工具!考查感叹句。空格后是名词短语“amazing tool”(可数名词单数),需用“What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词”结构。由于“amazing”以元音音素/ /开头,需用冠词“an”,故用“What an”。故选C。25.________ city Qingdao is!A.What a beautiful B.How beautiful aC.What beautiful D.How beautiful【答案】A【详解】句意:青岛是一个多么美丽的城市啊!考查感叹句。根据“city Qingdao is!”并结合选项可知,此句为感叹句,中心词为单数可数名词city,用what引导,结构为“What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 +主语+谓语”,A项符合。故选A。26.— Hi, Jim. What did your sister do last Friday evening — She ________ a movie with her friends.A.watches B.watched C.is watching D.will watch【答案】B【详解】句意:——嗨,Jim。你姐姐上周五晚上做了什么?——她和朋友一起看了电影。考查动词时态。根据“last Friday evening”可知,时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式。故选B。27.The Shenzhou XIX mission astronauts ________ safely at the Dongfeng Landing Site on April 30, 2025.A.land B.landed C.were landing D.will land【答案】B【详解】句意:神舟十九号任务的宇航员于2025年4月30日在东风着陆场安全着陆。考查动词时态。根据“on April 30, 2025.”可知,本句是一般过去时,动词用过去式。故选B。28.When Jerry was in Grade 8, he ________ the art club and made many friends.A.join B.joined C.will join D.has joined【答案】B【详解】句意:杰瑞在八年级的时候,加入了艺术俱乐部并交了很多朋友。考查一般过去时态。join加入,动词原形;joined已加入,过去式;will join将会加入,一般将来时;has joined已经加入,现在完成时。句中“When Jerry was in Grade 8.”表明句子是一般过去时态。谓语动词应该使用过去式形式,“join”的过去式是“joined”。故选B。29.He ________ his classmates to his birthday party last week.A.invites B.invited C.will invite D.invite【答案】B【详解】句意:他上周邀请他的同学们参加他的生日派对。考查时态。根据“last week”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,使用动词过去式。故选B。30.—Why were you absent from the basketball training yesterday —Because there ________ an important examination.A.are B.were C.is D.was【答案】D【详解】句意:——昨天的篮球训练你为什么没来?——因为有一个重要的考试。考查There be句型的一般过去时。主语“an important examination”是单数,且根据“yesterday”可知动作发生在过去,be动词用was。故选D。31.—May I speak to Mr Jones —I’m sorry. He isn’t at home. He ________ fishing twenty minutes ago.A.is going B.goes C.went D.was going【答案】C【详解】句意:——我可以和Jones先生通话吗?——很抱歉。他不在家。他20分钟前去钓鱼了。考查动词时态。根据“twenty minutes ago.”可知,空处时态为一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故选C。32.—I hear your father ________ to Tibet once —Yes. He ________ there last year.A.has been; has been B.has been; went C.goes; went D.went; has been【答案】B【详解】句意:——我听说你父亲曾经去过西藏? ——是的。他去年去了那里。 考查动词时态。has been to表示“去过某地(已返回)”;went用于一般过去时;goes用于一般现在时。根据“I hear your father ... to Tibet once ”可知,第一空应填has been,表示“去过某地(已返回)”,根据“last year”可知,表示过去时间,需用一般过去时,第二空应用过去式went。故选B。33.—The movie tickets were free, but when Jenny saw the long line, she ________ to wait.—She remembered the last time she stood in line for hours just to be told “sold out”.A.agreed B.refused C.hurried D.offered【答案】B【详解】句意:——电影票是免费的,但当Jenny看到排着长队时,她拒绝等待。——她记得上次排队几小时却被告知“票已售罄”的经历。考查动词辨析。agreed同意;refused拒绝;hurried匆忙;offered主动提出。根据后文“just to be told ‘sold out’”的提示,说明Jenny不愿再次经历这种徒劳的等待,应该是拒绝等待。故选B。34.—Sorry, I have to leave now.—Why I_______ you would stay with us for the whole day.A.think B.will think C.thought D.am thinking【答案】C【详解】句意:——抱歉,我现在必须要离开了。——为什么?我以为你会和我们待一整天。考查动词时态。根据“you would stay with us for the whole day.”可知,过去以为会在这待一整天,描述过去发生的事情,动词用过去式,故选C。35.Do you know about the Gansu Tianshui spicy hot pot (天水麻辣烫) Because in last week, I ________ a thing that ________ in my home.A.order; located B.ordered; located C.to order; located D.ordering; location【答案】B【详解】句意:你知道甘肃天水的麻辣烫吗?因为上周, 我订购了位于我家附近的一种食物。考查动词的用法。根据“in last week”,表示过去的时间,时态应该是一般过去时。order的过去式ordered,第一空用ordered;根据“… a thing that…”定语从句,可知。第二空是“located”在定语从句中作谓语动词。故选B。二、单词拼写-用单词适当形式填空36.If you are sick, you have to follow the (doctor) advice.【答案】doctor’s【详解】句意:如果你生病了,你得听从医生的建议。根据“advice”可知,此处表示医生的建议,需要使用名词所有格,此处描述泛指一位医生的建议符合常识,名词用单数。故填doctor’s。37.When I meet with difficulties, I always ask for (friend) advice.【答案】friends’【详解】句意:遇到困难时,我总是征求朋友们的建议。根据句子和单词提示可知,此处需要表示“朋友的建议”,即用名词所有格修饰名词advice,friend是单数,但根据语境,人们在遇到困难时通常会向多个朋友寻求建议,因此用复数所有格形式 friends’。故填friends’。38.Finally, the (couple) dream of opening a small restaurant came true.【答案】couple’s【详解】句意:最终,这对夫妇开一家小餐馆的梦想实现了。couple“夫妇”,名词,修饰名词“dream”应用其所有格形式couple’s,表示“夫妇的梦想”。故填couple’s。39.Our teachers can give us some candy as a treat on (child) Day.【答案】Children’s【详解】句意:我们的老师可以在儿童节给我们一些糖果作为款待。Children’s Day表示“儿童节”,是固定搭配。故填Children’s。40.Experts suggest that we do at least eight (hour) training per week to keep fit.【答案】hours’【详解】句意:专家建议我们每周至少进行8小时的训练以保持健康。hour小时,可数名词;根据“eight...training”可知,此处应用名词复数所有格形式,表示“8小时的训练”,故填hours’。41.In the past, the castles were those (European).【答案】Europeans’【详解】句意:过去,城堡是那些欧洲人的。根据“the castles were those…”以及提示词可知,此处指城堡是那些欧洲人的,空前为those,修饰可数名词复数,空处应用复数名词Europeans的所有格,即Europeans’,表示“欧洲人的”。故填Europeans’。42.This is a picture of (Kate) family.【答案】Kate’s【详解】句意:这是凯特一家的照片。根据“This is a picture of …family.”的语境可知,此处表示所属关系,用’s所有格形式,指凯特一家。故填Kate’s。43.My English book isn’t here. Would you please lend me (your)【答案】yours【详解】句意:我的英语书不在这儿,你能把你的借给我吗?根据“Would you please lend me”可知,空处指“借你的书”,需名词性物主代词yours“你的”,相当于your book。故填yours。44.Mike has his method to do this experiment while I have . (I)【答案】mine【详解】句意:迈克有他做这个实验的方法,而我有我的方法。根据“Mike has his method to do this experiment while I have...”可知,空后无名词,应填名词性物主代词,括号中提示词为“I”,此处需用名词性物主代词mine,指代“我的方法”。故填mine。45.To surprise, he agreed to help us with the project even though he was busy. (we)【答案】our【详解】句意:让我们惊讶的是,尽管他很忙,他还是同意帮我们做这个项目。根据“To … surprise, he agreed to help us with the project even though he was busy.”以及英文提示可知,此处表示“让某人惊讶的是”,to one’s surprise为固定短语,意为“令某人惊讶的是”,结合括号内所给单词we,此处要用其形容词性物主代词our。故填our。46.These baseballs belong to Jim and Peter. They are . (them)【答案】theirs【详解】句意:这些棒球属于吉姆和彼得。它们是他们的。根据“They are”和提示词可知,此处指棒球是他们的。空后无名词,用名词性物主代词。them“他们”,宾格,名词性物主代词为theirs“他们的”。故填theirs。47.To (she) surprise, she got good grades and passed the exam.【答案】her【详解】句意:令她惊讶的是,她取得了好成绩,通过了考试。“to one’s surprise”是固定短语,意为“令某人惊讶的是”,其中one’s是形容词性物主代词。“she”是主格,其形容词性物主代词是“her”。故填her。48.Their house is very similar to (our), but theirs is much smaller.【答案】ours【详解】句意:他们的房子和我们的非常相似,但他们的房子小得多。be similar to 意思是:和……很象,与……相似,类似。此处是指他们的房子和我们的房子非常相似,因此用名词性物主代词ours指代上文的house,即:ours=our house。故填ours。49.My classmate and I are doing (we)homework in the classroom.【答案】our【详解】句意:我和我的同学正在教室里做家庭作业。do one’s homework“做某人的家庭作业”,此处应该用形容词性的物主代词。故填our。50. (your) classroom is different from (my).【答案】 Your mine【详解】句意:你的教室不同于我的教室。第一空是形容词性物主代词作定语,修饰名词classroom,此此处用your,你的,your classroom你的教室;第二空是名词性物主代词作介词from的宾语。所给单词是my,我的,此处用名词性物主代词mine。根据句意,故答案为Your;mine。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科知识过关第4讲 语法二U4名词所有格’s名词所有格表示 ,通常用于 ,但也可用于部分 拟人化的无生命名词(如 )。词类别 构成方法 示例 注意事项单数名词 John’s book(约翰的书)a girl’s bag(女孩的包)以 -s/-es 结尾的复数名词 students’ classroom(学生们的教室)heroes’ stories(英雄们的故事)不以 -s 结尾的复数名词 children’s toys(孩子们的玩具)men’s shoes(男人们的鞋)以 -s 结尾的专有名词(人名) Charles’s car 或 Charles’ car(查尔斯的车)Thomas’s book 或 Thomas’ book(托马斯的书)并列名词(各自所有) Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms(露西和莉莉各自的房间)物主代词一、定义物主代词 是用来表示 ,相当于 ,避免名词重复,使句子更简洁。二、分类与形式物主代词分为 和 ,具体形式如下:表格:物主代词的形式对比人称 形容词性物主代词(后接名词) 名词性物主代词(独立使用)第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数三、核心用法解析1. 形容词性物主代词( )相当于 ,修饰 ,位于 前。例:My book is on the desk.(我的书在桌上。)Their house is very big.(他们的房子很大。)注意:不可单独使用,必须搭配名词。 This is my.(错误) This is my pen.(正确)2. 名词性物主代词(独立使用,相当于 )相当于 ,本身已包含被指代的名词,后不接 。例:Your car is red, mine is blue.(你的车是红色的,我的是蓝色的。)These books are theirs.(这些书是他们的。)替换逻辑:= + 例:This is her bag, and that is mine.(= my bag)U5 情态动词 can could may的用法和形容词一、情态动词can, could, may的用法1. 情态动词can的用法表示能力:意为“能,会” ,用来描述 。例如“Millie can play the piano.”(米莉会弹钢琴) ,这里“can play”体现米莉有弹钢琴的能力。表示许可:意为“可以” ,用于 。比如“You can use my pen.”(你可以用我的钢笔)是给予许可;“Can you pass me the books ”(你能给我递一下那些书吗)是请求对方做某事的许可。2. 情态动词could的用法表示过去的能力: 。“Could you speak English at the age of five ”(你5岁的时候会说英语吗) ,询问过去特定时间的能力;“His mother is a good cook now, but she couldn't cook meals two years ago.”他的妈妈现在做饭很好吃,但2年前她不会做饭 ,体现过去不具备现在有的能力。表示委婉请求:“Could you answer me a question ”你能回答我一个问题吗回答时要用 ,如3. 情态动词may的用法:主要表示 ,用于 。“May I come in ”(我可以进来吗)是请求许可“You may take everything you like.”(你喜欢什么就拿什么吧)是给予许可二、形容词形容词是用来 。在句子中可以充当表语(位于系动词之后,描述主语的状态等 ,如“She is beautiful.”中“beautiful”是表语 )和定语(用来修饰名词,放在名词前,如“a red apple”中“red”是定语 )U6不定代词和感叹句一、不定代词的用法含 some - 的不定代词用法:somebody/someone/something 常用于 。在疑问句中, ,也会使用含有 some - 的不定代词 。示例:“someone at the door.”(门口有个人 )是肯定句用法;“Would you like something to drink ”(你想喝点儿什么吗 )是疑问句中希望得到肯定回答的用法。含 any - 的不定代词用法:anybody/anyone/anything 常用于 。anybody/anyone 表示 ,anything 表示 。示例:“Did you see anybody/anyone there ”(你在那儿看到什么人了吗 )是疑问句用法;“I didn't see anybody/anyone.”(我谁也没看到 )是否定句用法。含 no - 的不定代词用法:No - 有否定含义,no one 表示 ,nobody 等同于 ,nothing 等同于 not anything 。示例:“No one would like to go there.”(没有人愿意去那里 ) ;“I saw nobody there.”(我在那儿谁也没看到 ) ;“There is nothing in the box.”(盒子里什么都没有 ) 。含 every - 的不定代词用法:everybody/everyone/everything 可用于 ,意思分别是 “每个人,人人” 和 “每件事,一切” 。且一般都被视作 ,谓语动词用 。示例:“Is everybody/everyone here ”(大家都在吗 ) ;“Everything is ready.”(一切都准备好了 ) 。二、感叹句的用法我们常用感叹句来表达高兴、愤怒、伤心等情感。感叹句通常由 what 或 how 来引导。 。如:What a nice boy he is! 他是一个多好的男孩啊!What nice boys they are! 他们是多么好的男孩啊!What an exciting film it is! 这是一部多么令人兴奋的电影啊!U7-8 一般过去时一、定义过去动作 / 状态: (如:I went to school yesterday.)或 (如:She was happy last week.)。过去习惯:描述 (如:He often played football after school.)。过去能力 / 性格:体现 (如:She could swim at five.)或 。二、构成类型 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句be 动词实义动词三、标志词(时间状语)yesterday 相关: last 相关:ago 相关:介词 + 过去时间:其他四、用法具体过去时间:与上述时间状语连用,描述过去某一时刻的动作 / 状态(如:I saw a film last night.)。过去习惯:与 always, often 等连用,体现过去的常规行为(如:She always carried an umbrella.)。连续动作:通过上下文体现过去连续发生的动作(如:He opened the door, went in, and sat down.)。宾语从句:主句为过去时,从句描述过去事实(如:She said she liked English.)。五、动词过去式变化规则规则变化:;;;。。1.—Excuse me, is this ________ new house —Yes, it’s ________. Their parents bought it last week.A.Sandy and Daniel’s; them B.Sandy’s and Daniel’s; themC.Sandy and Daniel’s; theirs D.Sandy’s and Daniel’s; theirs2.Compared with his raincoat ________ is much older.A.my B.me C.mine D.myself3.—Is this your pen —No, it’s not ________. It’s________A.my; his B.mine; your C.mine; hers D.his; hers4.—Are those books________ —No, they are not mine. They belong to________.A.yours;he B.yours;his C.yours;him D.your, he5.—Does the new teacher Mr Lin teach ________ Chinese —No, ________ Chinese teacher is Miss Li. ________ knows Mr Lin.A.your; our; Her B.you; ours; Her C.your; ours; She D.you; our; She6.—Could I use your dictionary, Amy —Sorry, this is Mary’s dictionary. I left ________ at home.A.my B.mine C.her D.hers7.Tomorrow will be the ________ fourteenth birthday. All the friends of________ will go to the party.A.twins’; theirs B.twin’s; theirs C.twins’; their D.twins’; they8.I am very happy that a friend of ______ is coming to see me tomorrow.A.I B.me C.my D.mine9.________ room is on the third floor and ________ is on the fifth floor.A.Theirs; ours B.Theirs; our C.Their; ours D.Their; our10.—Are these our vegetables —No, they aren’t. They belong to Lucy and Lily. They are ________.A.ours B.mine C.yours D.theirs11.—Many people believe that to keep fit, they ________ depend on coffee to stay awake.—Yes, too much caffeine can harm your health.A.can B.can’t C.needn’t D.need12.—What’s the date for the graduation ceremony —It ______ be on June 25th. But I’m not sure.A.could B.couldn’t C.must D.mustn’t13.Sophie ______ read both English and French when she was only five years old.A.can B.could C.may D.need14.—Mum, must I stay there the whole day —No, you ______. You ______ come back after lunch, if you like.A.mustn’t; can B.needn’t; must C.needn’t; may D.mustn’t; need15.—Have you decided where to go for your summer holiday —Not yet. We ________ go to Qingdao. It’s a good place for vacation.A.may B.should C.need D.must16.—Who helped you with your English —________! I learned it all by myself.A.Nobody B.Anybody C.Somebody D.Everybody17.When it comes to teenage problems, ________ seems to have an answer, but finding the right way is not always easy.A.someone B.everyone C.nobody D.none18.Many hands make light work. ________ will be achieved unless we work together.A.Nothing B.Anything C.Something D.Everything19.—Fan Zhendong is highly praised to have a gift for table tennis.—In fact, ________ was born good at anything without enough practice.A.nobody B.everybody C.somebody D.anybody20.There is ________ in today’s newspaper.A.important something B.important anythingC.anything important D.something important21.You’d better not read today’s newspaper, because there is ________ in it.A.something interesting B.nothing interestingC.anything interesting D.interesting anything22.—Hi, guys! Our team won first place in the table tennis match.—_______ exciting news it is! We are so happy about it.A.What B.How C.What an D.How an23.________ a beautiful place! Altay is known for its unique blend of cultures and landscapes.A.How B.What C.What a D.What an24.—The AI DeepSeek can help people search for information, draw pictures and so on.—________ amazing tool it is!A.What B.How C.What an D.How an25.________ city Qingdao is!A.What a beautiful B.How beautiful aC.What beautiful D.How beautiful26.— Hi, Jim. What did your sister do last Friday evening — She ________ a movie with her friends.A.watches B.watched C.is watching D.will watch27.The Shenzhou XIX mission astronauts ________ safely at the Dongfeng Landing Site on April 30, 2025.A.land B.landed C.were landing D.will land28.When Jerry was in Grade 8, he ________ the art club and made many friends.A.join B.joined C.will join D.has joined29.He ________ his classmates to his birthday party last week.A.invites B.invited C.will invite D.invite30.—Why were you absent from the basketball training yesterday —Because there ________ an important examination.A.are B.were C.is D.was31.—May I speak to Mr Jones —I’m sorry. He isn’t at home. He ________ fishing twenty minutes ago.A.is going B.goes C.went D.was going32.—I hear your father ________ to Tibet once —Yes. He ________ there last year.A.has been; has been B.has been; went C.goes; went D.went; has been33.—The movie tickets were free, but when Jenny saw the long line, she ________ to wait.—She remembered the last time she stood in line for hours just to be told “sold out”.A.agreed B.refused C.hurried D.offered34.—Sorry, I have to leave now.—Why I_______ you would stay with us for the whole day.A.think B.will think C.thought D.am thinking35.Do you know about the Gansu Tianshui spicy hot pot (天水麻辣烫) Because in last week, I ________ a thing that ________ in my home.A.order; located B.ordered; located C.to order; located D.ordering; location二、单词拼写-用单词适当形式填空36.If you are sick, you have to follow the (doctor) advice.37.When I meet with difficulties, I always ask for (friend) advice.38.Finally, the (couple) dream of opening a small restaurant came true.39.Our teachers can give us some candy as a treat on (child) Day.40.Experts suggest that we do at least eight (hour) training per week to keep fit.41.In the past, the castles were those (European).42.This is a picture of (Kate) family.43.My English book isn’t here. Would you please lend me (your)44.Mike has his method to do this experiment while I have . (I)45.To surprise, he agreed to help us with the project even though he was busy. (we)46.These baseballs belong to Jim and Peter. They are . (them)47.To (she) surprise, she got good grades and passed the exam.48.Their house is very similar to (our), but theirs is much smaller.49.My classmate and I are doing (we)homework in the classroom.50. (your) classroom is different from (my). 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 知识过关第4讲 语法二【核心考点集训】2025年译林版英语七年级下册期末复习学案(原卷版).docx 知识过关第4讲 语法二【核心考点集训】2025年译林版英语七年级下册期末复习学案(解析版).docx