资源简介

Unit 8 A green world
单元话题阅读理解练习
基础语篇巩固练
（24-25 八年级下·江苏宿迁·期中）When the air is polluted, we wear masks (口罩) to protect ourselves.
What about bees and butterflies They can’t wear masks.
A study led by Dr Ryall may give us the answer. His study finds that air pollution is bad for pollinators (传
花粉者) like bees, butterflies and other insects. They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.
Pollinators are important. They spread pollen (花粉) among plants with flowers. This helps the flower
produce seeds (种子) and fruits. Without pollinators, farms cannot make food.
To do their study, Dr Ryall’s team built some new areas. They sent some bad gas there. In these areas, they
found that only 30% of the pollinators flew in. Once they were there, they didn’t hang around.
“The results were much severer than we thought,” said Dr Ryall. “The pollution was so serious that it
would be bad for the growth of flowers.”
Scientists explained that bad gas can break down the smells of flowers. This makes it hard for pollinators to
find their food. Shannon, a scientist in India, pointed out if we do nothing to solve the problem of air pollution,
pollinators will become fewer and fewer.
1．Pollinators may ________ because of air pollution.
A．eat more food B．spread less pollen C．find other food D．smell flowers easily
2．What happened to pollinators in the areas with bad gas
A．They didn’t hang around. B．They found food more easily.
C．They couldn’t find each other. D．Most of them flew in the areas.
3．What does the underlined word “severer” mean in Chinese
A．更有益的 B．更不同的 C．更严重的 D．更有影响力的
4．Where’s the article probably from
A．A novel B．A science magazine C．A play D．A letter
（23-24 八年级下·江苏盐城·期中）A report shows that each year we produce about 150 million tons of
city waste in China. Where does the waste go People usually burn or bury (埋) it. We also receive waste from
some developed countries. We get some useful materials from it. What about the useless part Still burned or
buried. But is it a proper way
Waste pollutes the environment, harms people’s health and causes animals to die. It also gets in the way of
green and sustainable development. We can’t make money at the cost of the environment. We should leave clean
water and green mountains to our next generations (辈).
China is getting really serious about waste now.
We are taking less waste from developed countries. From January 2018, China started to stop 24 kinds of
waste coming into our country. And more laws and rules about dealing with waste have been made. Anyone who
breaks the law will be punished.
China also tries to put waste into good use. One example is the waste electricity (电) factories.They burn
waste to make electricity in a green way. No harmful gases or water will get into the environment.
Meanwhile our country is encouraging people to separate waste into different groups. Cities like Shanghai,
Chongqing and Beijing have their own sorting (分类) systems. More will join them soon. More and more people
are forming the habit of separating their waste.
1．The writer starts the passage by ________.
A．telling stories B．showing pictures C．raising questions D．giving suggestions
2．When did China start to stop 24 kinds of waste coming into our country
A．From January 2018. B．From July 2018. C．From January 2019. D．From
February 2018.
3．What’s the structure of this text
A． B． C． D．
4．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．How to Deal With Waste B．How to Make Electricity
C．How to Do Waste Sorting D．How to Protect Environment
（24-25 八年级下·江苏常州·期中）About 1,101 manatees died in Florida last year, many from hunger. So
last December, government wildlife experts (专 家 ) came up with a plan to give food to the manatees. They
decided to feed them green vegetables like lettuce and cabbage. Ron Mezich, an expert, said, “We’ re making a
difference.” So far, they have served up more than 193,000 pounds of lettuce to hungry manatees.
Manatees are huge sea animals that only eat sea grass and other plants that live in the sea. That’s one reason
why they’ re sometimes called “sea cows”.
Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals. Most
dangers to manatees come from humans. One of the biggest problems facing the animals are boats. Thousands of
manatees were hit or killed by boats. At one point, there were only about 2,000 manatees left in Florida. With
protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees.
However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again. Warming seas
with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface. The algae blocks the sunlight
that allows the sea grass to grow. In Indian River Lagoon, where manatees often go in the winter, about 90% of
the sea grass beds there have died off. Florida will work to help restore (恢复) sea grass beds. But that will take
time. Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.
1．How has the number of manatees changed over years
A． B．
C． D．
2．What is the meaning of the underlined word “starve”
A．to die from hunger B．to eat up sea grass
C．to be hit by boats D．to lose swimming ability
3．Which is the best title for this passage
A．Manatees Feeding Program B．Money Given to Save Manatees
C．Sea Grass Beds Restored for Manatees D．Reasons for Manatees’ Death Still Unclear
（23-24 八年级下·江苏盐城·期中）Laura is a green person. She has produced almost no waste in the past
two years. She is trying her best to reduce waste.
There was a moment that brought Laura to do so. “One of my classmates in the college often brought food
packaged (包装) in plastic bags to class. She threw a lot of rubbish,” Laura said. “I wanted to be a green girl, not
the plastic girl like her! So I made the decision to get all plastic away from my life.”
It hasn’t been easy for her to be green. “I stopped buying packaged things and began bringing my own bags
to fill with things at the supermarket,” she explained. “I stopped buying new clothes and shopped only second
hand. I only bought things that were really necessary. I donated some used but good things, such as books and
jeans. I even made my own toothpaste and laundry detergent (洗 衣 粉 )”. Laura founded (创 办 ) her own
eco-friendly company, “The Simply Co”, to sell her homemade things.
Laura says the journey has been hard, but she is happy. While protecting the environment, she saves a lot of
money. She also becomes healthier because she never buys packaged food.
1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．What Laura’s classmate was like. B．When Laura went to college.
C．Where Laura bought packaged food. D．Why Laura decided to live a green life.
2．To be a green person, what did Laura do according to paragraph 3
① She donated some used but good things. ② She began buying packaged things.
③ She went shopping with her own shopping bags. ④ She learned to make clothes by herself.
⑤ She made her own toothpaste.
A．①②③ B．①③⑤ C．②④⑤ D．②③④
3．What can we know about Laura from the passage
A．Laura likes eating packaged food. B．Laura plans to stop running her company.
C．Laura is enjoying doing things to be green. D．Laura changed her lifestyle after graduation.
（24-25 八年级上·江苏南通·期末）“Fast fashion” has been mentioned so often in the past two years. It
means low-cost quickly-made clothing that copies the latest high-quality fashions. Unlike the traditional clothing
industry where designers plan their new lines every season, fast fashions are made and sold whenever new
fashions appear. They are put in shops and online quickly to create a high demand (需求) .
However, environmentalists are getting more worried about the influences of fast fashion on the
environment. More than 100 billion items of such clothing are made every year. This is expected to grow by 60
percent by 2030. The fast fashion business model is having adverse influence on the environment. Many of the
clothes end up in landfills (垃圾填埋场) and are not recycled. The chemicals used to make the clothes are bad for
the environment. These cause health problems for people working in clothes factories. It is reported that even
children make many of these clothes.
The way people are buying clothes is adding to the problem of clothing waste. Many years ago people went
to stores and tried clothes on. People took more time and thought more carefully before they bought clothes. They
also wore them for longer. Today, people order cheap clothes on the Internet so often and if they don’t like them,
they send them back or throw them away. Some people say this is causing a throwaway society. Some people buy
clothes and never even wear them. The German media company Deutche Welle wrote, “Every year in Europe,
four million tons of clothing ends up in the dustbin. Less than one percent of this is recycled. It seems that the
fashion industry wasting much.”
1．Which of the following is a feature (特点) of fast fashions
A．They appear every season. B．They are sold only in online shops.
C．They are easy to make. D．They are of high quality.
2．What does the underlined word “adverse” in Para. 2 mean
A．careless B．harmful C．useful D．hopeful
3．What can we learn from Para. 3
A．People used to buy clothes without thinking twice.
B．Over forty thousand tons of clothing in Europe are recycled.
C．The way people buying clothes causes some clothing waste.
D．People often buy expensive clothes from the Internet.
4．What’s the best title for the text
A．Problems with Fast Fashion B．Health problems with Fast Fashion
C．The Popularity of Fast Fashion D．The Meaning of Fast Fashion
（23-24 八年级下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）Islands are always changing their shapes, and sometimes, you
may see the change happening. As a volcano (火山) near the island erupts (爆发), it shoots out streams of red-hot
lava (熔岩). When the lava reaches the water around the island, it cools and forms new land, and the island grows.
Most changes are hard to see. Storms and wind usually carry dirt and sand from one side of the island to
another side. Sea waves wash away soil and rocks from one beach and take them to another. So, the island
changes shape slowly, a tiny bit at a time.
However, people on some small ocean islands are worried, because they think their islands are changing
shape too fast. They see waves rise higher and further onto shores than they used to, and storms and winds are
growing stronger too. What’s worse, places that used to stay dry have been flooded. For example, in the Solomon
Islands, a country made up of small islands in the Pacific Ocean, five islands have disappeared underwater.
Scientists believe that it was because of global warming. With more gas and coal burnt for cars and
factories, people produce more greenhouse gas and make the Earth warmer. Then, more ice melts and more water
flows into the ocean, and sea level rises. The warmer water also causes more big storms and more serious
damages.
But there is hope. Scientists are looking for ways to stop sea levels rising and for clean ways to run cars and
factories. We can also help by recycling, planting trees, driving less, and wasting less. By doing these things, we
can save more islands from disappearing.
1．How does an island grow
A．The red-hot lava cools and forms new land. B．The volcano gets bigger and makes it grow.
C．The sea brings soil and rocks to it. D．The sea level becomes lower.
2．What are the causes of disappearing islands
① More volcano eruptions. ② Warmer climate (气候). ③ Higher sea level. ④ More burnt gas and coal.
A．①② B．③④ C．①②③ D．②③④
3．What can we infer (推断) from the passage
A．The islands will get smaller and sink someday.
B．Keeping islands from disappearing is possible.
C．Islands always change shapes, but now such changes are slow.
D．Solomon Islands have disappeared from the world.
4．What’s the scientists’ attitude (态度) about disappearing islands according to the last paragraph
A．Hopeful. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Careful.
（23-24 八年级下·江苏泰州·期中）For fisherman Yang Tiansheng in Xiangshan Country (县), Zhejiang
Province, the sea will always be filled with treasure, if people protect it well and harvest the fish in a scientific
way. Yang talked excitedly about finding such treasure in January 2022. “We got over 2,450 kilograms of large
yellow croakers (大黄鱼) in a net yesterday,” Yang said. “The heaviest one weighed more than two kilograms,”
said Lin Haiping, the owner of the fishing boat on which Yang works. “I’ve been fishing for 28 years but never
caught so many large yellow croakers of this size before,” Lin added.
Fang Yue, an engineer working in Xiangshan, said, “It’s the first time that fishermen have caught so many
large yellow croakers in the East China Sea in over 30 years.”
There used to be many large yellow croakers in the East China Sea, but the number has dropped for about
45 years because of overfishing. In 1979, Zhejiang started a yearly seasonal ban (禁止) on fishing. Later in 1995,
other areas through the whole country followed its example. Fang said that the number of large yellow croakers
has become larger because of the sea protection efforts (努力).
Fishermen from Xiangshan have made great efforts, too. In 2000, 21 fishermen in Xiangshan set up China’s
first volunteer organization to better protect the sea around the world. Today, more than 10,000 people have joined
the organization. In 2002, three fishermen from the county wrote to Kofi Annan, calling on people around the
world to protect the sea together.
Huang Genbao, head of the Xiangshan Fishing Association, said that although harvesting more than 1,000
kg of large yellow croakers doesn’t happen often, he hoped that sea protection would go on and more fishermen
would have more fish in the future.
1．How does the writer start the passage
A．By asking a question. B．By giving an example.
C．By telling a joke. D．By introducing (介绍) a fisherman.
2．What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to (指代)
A．The treasure. B．The harvest. C．The sea. D．The heaviest fish.
3．What is the correct order to show the efforts made in sea protection
①A yearly seasonal ban on fishing was started in Zhejiang.
②Other areas in our country followed Zhejiang’s example.
③Three fishermen from the county wrote to Kofi Annan, calling on people around the world to protect the sea
together.
④To protect the sea around the world, twenty-one fishermen in Xiangshan set up a volunteer organization.
A．②①③④ B．①②④③ C．②④③① D．①③②④
4．What can we learn from the passage
A．Both Yang Tiansheng and Fang Yue are fishermen in Xiangshan County.
B．Fishermen like Lin Haiping caught many large yellow croakers in the East China Sea.
C．The Zhejiang government set up China’s first volunteer organization to protect the sea.
D．Harvesting more than 1,000 kg of large yellow croakers often happens in Zhejiang.
5．Which could be the best title for the passage
A．Harvest of large yellow croakers. B．China’s first volunteer organization.
C．Yellow croakers, a local treasure. D．Sea protection works well in Zhejiang.
（23-24 八年级下·江苏南通·期末）。
Yesterday evening, when Hu Wei was showering, he suddenly heard a voice from above his head. “Hurry
up! You’ve been in there for three minutes!”
The boy was puzzled (困惑的). “Excuse me. Who’s over there ” he looked up at the showerhead and asked.
“It’s me. The Four-Minute Shower,” the voice replied.
“The four-minute shower Who showers for only four minutes ”
“Well you should,” Mr. Shower replied. “Everyone. I mean everyone should keep their showers short.”
“But why ” Hu asked.
“The world is running out of clean, fresh water, you know. By 2050, about half of the world’s population
will experience water shortages for at least one month a year. We must do something to save water before it’s too
late.”
“Got it. I’ll try to finish my shower as soon as possible.” Hu said. “Thank you for your advice. Bye.”
“I’m not finished yet,” said Mr. Shower. “I have one more piece of advice.”
“Well, go ahead. I’m all ears.”
“You should replace (替换) your power showerhead with a regular (常规的) one,” said the Four-Minute
Shower. “A regular showerhead uses 10 liters of water a minute. A power showerhead can use up to 20 liters.”
“All right. I’ll let Dad know. Anything else ”
“Well, sometimes, you can try taking a cold shower in the morning. A cold shower will force you to finish
in four minutes. And you’ll help save gas or electricity (电).
“Cold showers Um...okay, I’ll think about it.”
“Thanks,” Mr. Shower replied. “Now I’ll go next door and spread the word.“”
Hu looked up at the showerhead again. The voice was gone, but Mr. Shower’s advice kept ringing in his
head. He quickly finished his shower and turned off the tap.
1．According to the passage, what did Mr Shower advise Hu Wei to do
a. take showers twice a day.
b. replace the power showerhead.
c. spread the word to his neighbours.
d. take a cold shower in the morning.
e. use gas instead of electricity.
A．bcd. B．abcd. C．bd. D．bde.
2．What can we infer from the passage
A．Hu felt puzzled at Mr Shower’s words at last.
B．Hu understood the importance of saving water.
C．Hu thought Mr Shower made too much noise.
D．Hu used less than 20 liters of water for a shower.
3．What’s the purpose of writing the passage
A．To explain a question. B．To introduce a new showerhead.
C．To show a new lifestyle. D．To tell people to save water.
4．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．Keep your showers short B．Take a cold shower
C．Experience water shortages D．Chat with the showerhead
重难语篇拔高练
（23-24 八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）.
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is an area in the ocean which has a huge floating collection of plastic
waste. It is located in the North Pacific Ocean. According to some reports, it is around 1.6 million square
kilometers in size. This is so big that it now covers an area of the ocean similar to six times the size of the United
Kingdom.
Most of the plastic is not large items like bottles or boards. A large percentage of the debris (碎片) is made
up of “microplastics” (smaller than 5 millimeters). These microplastics are the tiny pieces of larger items that have
been worn down over time. This can be caused by the sun, the waves and even by sea creatures (生物). Items do
not just stay floating on the water. Different types of plastics can float just below the water or even much lower
down into the ocean. Larger items include fishing ropes and nets that have been lost or dropped at sea.
The largest attempt (尝试) in history is now being made to understand and deal with the problem. Scientists
have been counting, weighing and separating every tiny item of plastic collected. Larger items are easier to
remove from the ocean than the tiny microplastics. However, if these larger items are not removed, they may
break down into smaller pieces.
This means it can stay in the environment for hundreds of years, so every piece of plastic ever produced is
still there today. It is also a danger to fish, birds and other sea life because creatures mistake tiny plastics for food.
The tiny microplastics take in pollutants which make them poisonous (有毒的) to sea life. Some larger plastics
can also hurt creatures. The nets floating in the ocean are known to catch sea life and make it impossible for them
to get away. Fish, sea turtles and dolphins are among the creatures in great danger from these “ghost nets”.
Of course, the best solution of all is for us to try to reduce the plastic entering the oceans first. If we want to
create less waste to reuse and recycle, then we can reduce the number of new plastics adding to this and other
garbage patches.
1．The writer talked about the size of the garbage patch in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A．show how serious the problem is B．guess where plastic waste can be found
C．explain how big the UK’s area is D．discuss how the garbage patch formed
2．The following sentence would be best placed at the beginning of ________.
Plastic is cheap and quite easy to make, however, it is very long-lasting.
A．Paragraph 2 B．Paragraph 3 C．Paragraph 4 D．Paragraph 5
3．What can we learn about microplastics
A．They are from the sea. B．They are easier to clean up.
C．They are the food to the birds. D．They are formed over time.
4．Why is plastic harmful to sea creatures
A．Because larger plastics take their living area in the ocean.
B．Because different types of plastics can get down into the ocean.
C．Because people try to create less waste by reusing and recycling.
D．Because sea creatures may die as they eat polluted microplastics.Unit 8 A green world
单元话题阅读理解练习
基础语篇巩固练
（24-25 八年级下·江苏宿迁·期中）When the air is polluted, we wear masks (口罩) to protect ourselves.
What about bees and butterflies They can’t wear masks.
A study led by Dr Ryall may give us the answer. His study finds that air pollution is bad for pollinators (传
花粉者) like bees, butterflies and other insects. They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.
Pollinators are important. They spread pollen (花粉) among plants with flowers. This helps the flower
produce seeds (种子) and fruits. Without pollinators, farms cannot make food.
To do their study, Dr Ryall’s team built some new areas. They sent some bad gas there. In these areas, they
found that only 30% of the pollinators flew in. Once they were there, they didn’t hang around.
“The results were much severer than we thought,” said Dr Ryall. “The pollution was so serious that it
would be bad for the growth of flowers.”
Scientists explained that bad gas can break down the smells of flowers. This makes it hard for pollinators to
find their food. Shannon, a scientist in India, pointed out if we do nothing to solve the problem of air pollution,
pollinators will become fewer and fewer.
1．Pollinators may ________ because of air pollution.
A．eat more food B．spread less pollen C．find other food D．smell flowers easily
2．What happened to pollinators in the areas with bad gas
A．They didn’t hang around. B．They found food more easily.
C．They couldn’t find each other. D．Most of them flew in the areas.
3．What does the underlined word “severer” mean in Chinese
A．更有益的 B．更不同的 C．更严重的 D．更有影响力的
4．Where’s the article probably from
A．A novel B．A science magazine C．A play D．A letter
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文讲述了空气污染对传粉者（如蜜蜂、蝴蝶等昆虫）的不良影响。
1．推理判断题。根据“They can’t smell flowers because of the pollution.”以及“Pollinators are important. They
spread pollen among plants with flowers.”可知，因为空气污染传粉者闻不到花香，就会影响花粉传播，所以
可能传播更少花粉。故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据“In these areas, they found that only 30% of the pollinators flew in. Once they were there,
they didn’t hang around.”可知，在有坏气体的区域，传粉者不会逗留。故选 A。
3．词句猜测题。根据“The pollution was so serious that it would be bad for the growth of flowers.”可知，污染
很严重，所以 severer 意思是“更严重的”。故选 C。
4．推理判断题。通读原文可知，文章是关于空气污染对传粉者影响的科学研究内容，最有可能来自科学
杂志。故选 B。
（23-24 八年级下·江苏盐城·期中）A report shows that each year we produce about 150 million tons of
city waste in China. Where does the waste go People usually burn or bury (埋) it. We also receive waste from
some developed countries. We get some useful materials from it. What about the useless part Still burned or
buried. But is it a proper way
Waste pollutes the environment, harms people’s health and causes animals to die. It also gets in the way of
green and sustainable development. We can’t make money at the cost of the environment. We should leave clean
water and green mountains to our next generations (辈).
China is getting really serious about waste now.
We are taking less waste from developed countries. From January 2018, China started to stop 24 kinds of
waste coming into our country. And more laws and rules about dealing with waste have been made. Anyone who
breaks the law will be punished.
China also tries to put waste into good use. One example is the waste electricity (电) factories.They burn
waste to make electricity in a green way. No harmful gases or water will get into the environment.
Meanwhile our country is encouraging people to separate waste into different groups. Cities like Shanghai,
Chongqing and Beijing have their own sorting (分类) systems. More will join them soon. More and more people
are forming the habit of separating their waste.
1．The writer starts the passage by ________.
A．telling stories B．showing pictures C．raising questions D．giving suggestions
2．When did China start to stop 24 kinds of waste coming into our country
A．From January 2018. B．From July 2018. C．From January 2019. D．From
February 2018.
3．What’s the structure of this text
A． B． C． D．
4．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．How to Deal With Waste B．How to Make Electricity
C．How to Do Waste Sorting D．How to Protect Environment
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了中国如何处理城市垃圾以及相关的环保措施。
1．细节理解题。根据“Where does the waste go ... What about the useless part Still burned or buried. But is it a
proper way ”可知，作者以提问的方式开始文章。故选 C。
2．细节理解题。根据“From January 2018, China started to stop 24 kinds of waste coming into our country.”可知，
从 2018 年 1 月起，中国开始禁止 24 种废物进入我国。故选 A。
3．篇章结构题。通读文章可知，第一段提出问题；第二段介绍垃圾产生的危害；第三段介绍中国开始严
肃对待垃圾问题，第四到六段具体介绍处理垃圾的措施。因此 A 选项符合文章结构。故选 A。
4．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了中国如何处理城市垃圾的问题。故选 A。
（24-25 八年级下·江苏常州·期中）About 1,101 manatees died in Florida last year, many from hunger. So
last December, government wildlife experts (专 家 ) came up with a plan to give food to the manatees. They
decided to feed them green vegetables like lettuce and cabbage. Ron Mezich, an expert, said, “We’ re making a
difference.” So far, they have served up more than 193,000 pounds of lettuce to hungry manatees.
Manatees are huge sea animals that only eat sea grass and other plants that live in the sea. That’s one reason
why they’ re sometimes called “sea cows”.
Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals. Most
dangers to manatees come from humans. One of the biggest problems facing the animals are boats. Thousands of
manatees were hit or killed by boats. At one point, there were only about 2,000 manatees left in Florida. With
protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees.
However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again. Warming seas
with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface. The algae blocks the sunlight
that allows the sea grass to grow. In Indian River Lagoon, where manatees often go in the winter, about 90% of
the sea grass beds there have died off. Florida will work to help restore (恢复) sea grass beds. But that will take
time. Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.
1．How has the number of manatees changed over years
A． B．
C． D．
2．What is the meaning of the underlined word “starve”
A．to die from hunger B．to eat up sea grass
C．to be hit by boats D．to lose swimming ability
3．Which is the best title for this passage
A．Manatees Feeding Program B．Money Given to Save Manatees
C．Sea Grass Beds Restored for Manatees D．Reasons for Manatees’ Death Still Unclear
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了海牛所面临的问题是饥饿，同时介绍了政府制定了给海牛喂食的计划。
1．细节理解题。根据“Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered
animals.”和“With protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees.”可知，1967
年海牛的数量是比较低的，在政府的保护下，2016 年数量有所增长，结合“However, as sea grass began to
disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again.”可知，现在又因为海草的问题，海牛的数量又下
降了，故选 C。
2．词句猜测题。根据“Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.”及前文描述
可知，海草因为污染导致数量减少，而以海草为生的海牛可能会因为挨饿而死亡，所以 starve 与 to die from
hunger 同义。故选 A。
3．最佳标题题。根据“About 1,101 manatees died in Florida last year, many from hunger. So last December,
government wildlife experts (专家) came up with a plan to give food to the manatees.”以及通读全文可知，本文
主要介绍了海牛所面临的问题是因为没有足够的海草而导致饥饿，同时介绍了政府制定了给海牛喂食的计
划，因此选项 A“海牛喂养计划”为最佳标题。故选 A。
（23-24 八年级下·江苏盐城·期中）Laura is a green person. She has produced almost no waste in the past
two years. She is trying her best to reduce waste.
There was a moment that brought Laura to do so. “One of my classmates in the college often brought food
packaged (包装) in plastic bags to class. She threw a lot of rubbish,” Laura said. “I wanted to be a green girl, not
the plastic girl like her! So I made the decision to get all plastic away from my life.”
It hasn’t been easy for her to be green. “I stopped buying packaged things and began bringing my own bags
to fill with things at the supermarket,” she explained. “I stopped buying new clothes and shopped only second
hand. I only bought things that were really necessary. I donated some used but good things, such as books and
jeans. I even made my own toothpaste and laundry detergent (洗 衣 粉 )”. Laura founded (创 办 ) her own
eco-friendly company, “The Simply Co”, to sell her homemade things.
Laura says the journey has been hard, but she is happy. While protecting the environment, she saves a lot of
money. She also becomes healthier because she never buys packaged food.
1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．What Laura’s classmate was like. B．When Laura went to college.
C．Where Laura bought packaged food. D．Why Laura decided to live a green life.
2．To be a green person, what did Laura do according to paragraph 3
① She donated some used but good things. ② She began buying packaged things.
③ She went shopping with her own shopping bags. ④ She learned to make clothes by herself.
⑤ She made her own toothpaste.
A．①②③ B．①③⑤ C．②④⑤ D．②③④
3．What can we know about Laura from the passage
A．Laura likes eating packaged food. B．Laura plans to stop running her company.
C．Laura is enjoying doing things to be green. D．Laura changed her lifestyle after graduation.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Laura 成为环保人士的过程以及她为环保所做的努力。
1．主旨大意题。根据“‘One of my classmates in the college often brought food packaged (包装) in plastic bags
to class. She threw a lot of rubbish,’ Laura said. ‘I wanted to be a green girl, not the plastic girl like her! So I made
the decision to get all plastic away from my life.’”可知，第二段主要讲述了 Laura 看到同学用塑料袋包装食物
并乱扔垃圾后，决定要过绿色生活，不再像那个同学一样成为“塑料女孩”。所以第二段主要解释了 Laura
决定过绿色生活的原因。故选 D。
2．细节理解题。根据“‘I stopped buying packaged things and began bringing my own bags to fill with things at
the supermarket,’ she explained. ‘I stopped buying new clothes and shopped only second hand. I only bought
things that were really necessary. I donated some used but good things, such as books and jeans. I even made my
own toothpaste and laundry detergent (洗衣粉)’”可知，Laura 为了成为环保人士，采取了以下措施：①捐赠了
一些用过但还好的东西；③去超市时带着自己的购物袋装东西；⑤自己制作牙膏。故选 B。
3．推理判断题。根据“Laura says the journey has been hard, but she is happy. While protecting the environment,
she saves a lot of money. She also becomes healthier because she never buys packaged food.”可知，文章最后一
段提到 Laura 说成为环保人士的旅程很艰难，但她很开心，同时她还节省了很多钱，也变得更健康了。这
说明她享受做环保的事情。故选 C。
（24-25 八年级上·江苏南通·期末）“Fast fashion” has been mentioned so often in the past two years. It
means low-cost quickly-made clothing that copies the latest high-quality fashions. Unlike the traditional clothing
industry where designers plan their new lines every season, fast fashions are made and sold whenever new
fashions appear. They are put in shops and online quickly to create a high demand (需求) .
However, environmentalists are getting more worried about the influences of fast fashion on the
environment. More than 100 billion items of such clothing are made every year. This is expected to grow by 60
percent by 2030. The fast fashion business model is having adverse influence on the environment. Many of the
clothes end up in landfills (垃圾填埋场) and are not recycled. The chemicals used to make the clothes are bad for
the environment. These cause health problems for people working in clothes factories. It is reported that even
children make many of these clothes.
The way people are buying clothes is adding to the problem of clothing waste. Many years ago people went
to stores and tried clothes on. People took more time and thought more carefully before they bought clothes. They
also wore them for longer. Today, people order cheap clothes on the Internet so often and if they don’t like them,
they send them back or throw them away. Some people say this is causing a throwaway society. Some people buy
clothes and never even wear them. The German media company Deutche Welle wrote, “Every year in Europe,
four million tons of clothing ends up in the dustbin. Less than one percent of this is recycled. It seems that the
fashion industry wasting much.”
1．Which of the following is a feature (特点) of fast fashions
A．They appear every season. B．They are sold only in online shops.
C．They are easy to make. D．They are of high quality.
2．What does the underlined word “adverse” in Para. 2 mean
A．careless B．harmful C．useful D．hopeful
3．What can we learn from Para. 3
A．People used to buy clothes without thinking twice.
B．Over forty thousand tons of clothing in Europe are recycled.
C．The way people buying clothes causes some clothing waste.
D．People often buy expensive clothes from the Internet.
4．What’s the best title for the text
A．Problems with Fast Fashion B．Health problems with Fast Fashion
C．The Popularity of Fast Fashion D．The Meaning of Fast Fashion
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文讲述了“快时尚”的含义、生产销售特点以及对环境和社会造成的不良影响等内容。
1．细节理解题。根据“It means low-cost quickly-made clothing that copies the latest high-quality fashions.”可知，
快时尚服装制作迅速，也就是容易制作，故选 C。
2．词句猜测题。 根据“Many of the clothes end up in landfills (垃圾填埋场) and are not recycled. The chemicals
used to make the clothes are bad for the environment.”可知，快时尚对环境有害，所以“adverse”意思是“有害的”，
故选 B。
3．细节理解题。根据“The way people are buying clothes is adding to the problem of clothing waste.”可知，人
们购买衣服的方式导致了一些服装浪费问题，故选 C。
4．最佳标题题。根据文中对快时尚导致环境问题、服装浪费等不良影响的阐述可知，文章主要讲的是快
时尚存在的问题，故选 A。
（23-24 八年级下·江苏苏州·阶段练习）Islands are always changing their shapes, and sometimes, you
may see the change happening. As a volcano (火山) near the island erupts (爆发), it shoots out streams of red-hot
lava (熔岩). When the lava reaches the water around the island, it cools and forms new land, and the island grows.
Most changes are hard to see. Storms and wind usually carry dirt and sand from one side of the island to
another side. Sea waves wash away soil and rocks from one beach and take them to another. So, the island
changes shape slowly, a tiny bit at a time.
However, people on some small ocean islands are worried, because they think their islands are changing
shape too fast. They see waves rise higher and further onto shores than they used to, and storms and winds are
growing stronger too. What’s worse, places that used to stay dry have been flooded. For example, in the Solomon
Islands, a country made up of small islands in the Pacific Ocean, five islands have disappeared underwater.
Scientists believe that it was because of global warming. With more gas and coal burnt for cars and
factories, people produce more greenhouse gas and make the Earth warmer. Then, more ice melts and more water
flows into the ocean, and sea level rises. The warmer water also causes more big storms and more serious
damages.
But there is hope. Scientists are looking for ways to stop sea levels rising and for clean ways to run cars and
factories. We can also help by recycling, planting trees, driving less, and wasting less. By doing these things, we
can save more islands from disappearing.
1．How does an island grow
A．The red-hot lava cools and forms new land. B．The volcano gets bigger and makes it grow.
C．The sea brings soil and rocks to it. D．The sea level becomes lower.
2．What are the causes of disappearing islands
① More volcano eruptions. ② Warmer climate (气候). ③ Higher sea level. ④ More burnt gas and coal.
A．①② B．③④ C．①②③ D．②③④
3．What can we infer (推断) from the passage
A．The islands will get smaller and sink someday.
B．Keeping islands from disappearing is possible.
C．Islands always change shapes, but now such changes are slow.
D．Solomon Islands have disappeared from the world.
4．What’s the scientists’ attitude (态度) about disappearing islands according to the last paragraph
A．Hopeful. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Careful.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了岛屿形状变化的现象、原因及应对措施，呼吁人们重视并采
取行动保护岛屿。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“As a volcano near the island erupts, it shoots out streams of red-hot lava. When the
lava reaches the water around the island, it cools and forms new land, and the island grows.”可知，当岛屿附近的
火山爆发，喷出的炽热熔岩到达岛屿周围的水中冷却后形成新陆地，岛屿就会变大。故选 A。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“Scientists believe that it was because of global warming. With more gas and coal
burnt for cars and factories, people produce more greenhouse gas and make the Earth warmer. Then, more ice
melts and more water flows into the ocean, and sea level rises. The warmer water also causes more big storms and
more serious damages.”可知，岛屿消失的原因是：人们燃烧更多的汽油和煤炭 (④) 产生更多温室气体，导
致气候变暖 (②)，进而冰川融化，海平面上升 (③)，引发更多大风暴和严重破坏；文中未提及更多火山爆
发 (①) 是岛屿消失的原因，因此②③④是岛屿消失的原因。故选 D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But there is hope. Scientists are looking for ways to stop sea levels rising and for
clean ways to run cars and factories. We can also help by recycling, planting trees, driving less, and wasting less.
By doing these things, we can save more islands from disappearing.”可知，科学家在努力寻找方法，人们也可
以通过一些行动来防止岛屿消失，所以阻止岛屿消失是有可能的。故选 B。
4．观点态度题。根据最后一段“But there is hope. Scientists are looking for ways to stop sea levels rising and for
clean ways to run cars and factories.”可知，科学家认为有希望阻止海平面上升，并且在寻找方法，所以科学
家对于岛屿消失这一问题的态度是充满希望的 (Hopeful)。故选 A。
（23-24 八年级下·江苏泰州·期中）For fisherman Yang Tiansheng in Xiangshan Country (县), Zhejiang
Province, the sea will always be filled with treasure, if people protect it well and harvest the fish in a scientific
way. Yang talked excitedly about finding such treasure in January 2022. “We got over 2,450 kilograms of large
yellow croakers (大黄鱼) in a net yesterday,” Yang said. “The heaviest one weighed more than two kilograms,”
said Lin Haiping, the owner of the fishing boat on which Yang works. “I’ve been fishing for 28 years but never
caught so many large yellow croakers of this size before,” Lin added.
Fang Yue, an engineer working in Xiangshan, said, “It’s the first time that fishermen have caught so many
large yellow croakers in the East China Sea in over 30 years.”
There used to be many large yellow croakers in the East China Sea, but the number has dropped for about
45 years because of overfishing. In 1979, Zhejiang started a yearly seasonal ban (禁止) on fishing. Later in 1995,
other areas through the whole country followed its example. Fang said that the number of large yellow croakers
has become larger because of the sea protection efforts (努力).
Fishermen from Xiangshan have made great efforts, too. In 2000, 21 fishermen in Xiangshan set up China’s
first volunteer organization to better protect the sea around the world. Today, more than 10,000 people have joined
the organization. In 2002, three fishermen from the county wrote to Kofi Annan, calling on people around the
world to protect the sea together.
Huang Genbao, head of the Xiangshan Fishing Association, said that although harvesting more than 1,000
kg of large yellow croakers doesn’t happen often, he hoped that sea protection would go on and more fishermen
would have more fish in the future.
1．How does the writer start the passage
A．By asking a question. B．By giving an example.
C．By telling a joke. D．By introducing (介绍) a fisherman.
2．What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to (指代)
A．The treasure. B．The harvest. C．The sea. D．The heaviest fish.
3．What is the correct order to show the efforts made in sea protection
①A yearly seasonal ban on fishing was started in Zhejiang.
②Other areas in our country followed Zhejiang’s example.
③Three fishermen from the county wrote to Kofi Annan, calling on people around the world to protect the sea
together.
④To protect the sea around the world, twenty-one fishermen in Xiangshan set up a volunteer organization.
A．②①③④ B．①②④③ C．②④③① D．①③②④
4．What can we learn from the passage
A．Both Yang Tiansheng and Fang Yue are fishermen in Xiangshan County.
B．Fishermen like Lin Haiping caught many large yellow croakers in the East China Sea.
C．The Zhejiang government set up China’s first volunteer organization to protect the sea.
D．Harvesting more than 1,000 kg of large yellow croakers often happens in Zhejiang.
5．Which could be the best title for the passage
A．Harvest of large yellow croakers. B．China’s first volunteer organization.
C．Yellow croakers, a local treasure. D．Sea protection works well in Zhejiang.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了浙江渔民在海上保护方面的努力。
1．推理判断题。根据“For fisherman Yang Tiansheng in Xiangshan Country (县), Zhejiang Province, the sea will
always be filled with treasure, if people protect it well and harvest the fish in a scientific way. Yang talked
excitedly about finding such treasure in January 2022.”可知，本文以杨天生的捕鱼例子开始叙事。故选 B。
2．词句猜测题。根据“the sea will always be filled with treasure, if people protect it well and harvest the fish in a
scientific way”可知，如果人们保护好大海，科学捕捞鱼类，大海将永远充满宝藏。it 指 the sea“大海”。故
选 C。
3．推理判断题。根据“In 1979, Zhejiang started a yearly seasonal ban (禁止) on fishing. Later in 1995, other areas
through the whole country followed its example.”可知，1979 年，浙江开始实施每年的季节性禁渔期，之后我
国其他地区也效仿浙江。即①②；根据“Fishermen from Xiangshan have made great efforts, too. In 2000, 21
fishermen in Xiangshan set up China’s first volunteer organization to better protect the sea around the world.
Today, more than 10,000 people have joined the organization. In 2002, three fishermen from the county wrote to
Kofi Annan, calling on people around the world to protect the sea together.”可知，2000 年 21 名渔民成立第一个
志愿者组织，今天超过 1 万人在组织里，之后三名渔民号召人们共同保护海洋，即④③。顺序是①②④③。
故选 B。
4．推理判断题。根据“‘We got over 2,450 kilograms of large yellow croakers (大黄鱼) in a net yesterday,’ Yang
said.”“It’s the first time that fishermen have caught so many large yellow croakers in the East China Sea in over
30 years.”可知，像林海平这样的渔民在东海捕获了许多大黄鱼。故选 B。
5．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了浙江渔民在海上保护方面的努力。D 选项“浙江的海洋保护工作做得很好”
可作为文章标题。故选 D。
（23-24 八年级下·江苏南通·期末）。
Yesterday evening, when Hu Wei was showering, he suddenly heard a voice from above his head. “Hurry
up! You’ve been in there for three minutes!”
The boy was puzzled (困惑的). “Excuse me. Who’s over there ” he looked up at the showerhead and asked.
“It’s me. The Four-Minute Shower,” the voice replied.
“The four-minute shower Who showers for only four minutes ”
“Well you should,” Mr. Shower replied. “Everyone. I mean everyone should keep their showers short.”
“But why ” Hu asked.
“The world is running out of clean, fresh water, you know. By 2050, about half of the world’s population
will experience water shortages for at least one month a year. We must do something to save water before it’s too
late.”
“Got it. I’ll try to finish my shower as soon as possible.” Hu said. “Thank you for your advice. Bye.”
“I’m not finished yet,” said Mr. Shower. “I have one more piece of advice.”
“Well, go ahead. I’m all ears.”
“You should replace (替换) your power showerhead with a regular (常规的) one,” said the Four-Minute
Shower. “A regular showerhead uses 10 liters of water a minute. A power showerhead can use up to 20 liters.”
“All right. I’ll let Dad know. Anything else ”
“Well, sometimes, you can try taking a cold shower in the morning. A cold shower will force you to finish
in four minutes. And you’ll help save gas or electricity (电).
“Cold showers Um...okay, I’ll think about it.”
“Thanks,” Mr. Shower replied. “Now I’ll go next door and spread the word.“”
Hu looked up at the showerhead again. The voice was gone, but Mr. Shower’s advice kept ringing in his
head. He quickly finished his shower and turned off the tap.
1．According to the passage, what did Mr Shower advise Hu Wei to do
a. take showers twice a day.
b. replace the power showerhead.
c. spread the word to his neighbours.
d. take a cold shower in the morning.
e. use gas instead of electricity.
A．bcd. B．abcd. C．bd. D．bde.
2．What can we infer from the passage
A．Hu felt puzzled at Mr Shower’s words at last.
B．Hu understood the importance of saving water.
C．Hu thought Mr Shower made too much noise.
D．Hu used less than 20 liters of water for a shower.
3．What’s the purpose of writing the passage
A．To explain a question. B．To introduce a new showerhead.
C．To show a new lifestyle. D．To tell people to save water.
4．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．Keep your showers short B．Take a cold shower
C．Experience water shortages D．Chat with the showerhead
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文通过 Hu Wei 在冲淋浴时和淋浴先生的对话，告诉我们节约用水的重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据“You should replace (替换) your power showerhead with a regular (常规的) one,”及“Well,
sometimes, you can try taking a cold shower in the morning.”可知，是建议他更换电动莲蓬头和早上洗冷水澡。
故选 C。
2．推理判断题。根据“‘Got it. I’ll try to finish my shower as soon as possible.’ Hu said. ‘Thank you for your
advice. Bye.’”及“The voice was gone, but Mr. Shower’s advice kept ringing in his head. He quickly finished his
shower and turned off the tap.”可推知，Hu 知道了节约用水的重要性。故选 B。
3．主旨大意题。根据“The world is running out of clean, fresh water, you know. By 2050, about half of the world’
s population will experience water shortages for at least one month a year. We must do something to save water
before it’s too late.”可知，主要是为了告诉人们要节约用水。故选 D。
4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文通过 Hu Wei 在冲淋浴时和淋浴先生的对话，告诉我们要节约用水，
淋浴的时间要短，故“淋浴时间要短”符合本文标题。故选 A。
重难语篇拔高练
（23-24 八年级下·江苏无锡·期末）.
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is an area in the ocean which has a huge floating collection of plastic
waste. It is located in the North Pacific Ocean. According to some reports, it is around 1.6 million square
kilometers in size. This is so big that it now covers an area of the ocean similar to six times the size of the United
Kingdom.
Most of the plastic is not large items like bottles or boards. A large percentage of the debris (碎片) is made
up of “microplastics” (smaller than 5 millimeters). These microplastics are the tiny pieces of larger items that have
been worn down over time. This can be caused by the sun, the waves and even by sea creatures (生物). Items do
not just stay floating on the water. Different types of plastics can float just below the water or even much lower
down into the ocean. Larger items include fishing ropes and nets that have been lost or dropped at sea.
The largest attempt (尝试) in history is now being made to understand and deal with the problem. Scientists
have been counting, weighing and separating every tiny item of plastic collected. Larger items are easier to
remove from the ocean than the tiny microplastics. However, if these larger items are not removed, they may
break down into smaller pieces.
This means it can stay in the environment for hundreds of years, so every piece of plastic ever produced is
still there today. It is also a danger to fish, birds and other sea life because creatures mistake tiny plastics for food.
The tiny microplastics take in pollutants which make them poisonous (有毒的) to sea life. Some larger plastics
can also hurt creatures. The nets floating in the ocean are known to catch sea life and make it impossible for them
to get away. Fish, sea turtles and dolphins are among the creatures in great danger from these “ghost nets”.
Of course, the best solution of all is for us to try to reduce the plastic entering the oceans first. If we want to
create less waste to reuse and recycle, then we can reduce the number of new plastics adding to this and other
garbage patches.
1．The writer talked about the size of the garbage patch in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A．show how serious the problem is B．guess where plastic waste can be found
C．explain how big the UK’s area is D．discuss how the garbage patch formed
2．The following sentence would be best placed at the beginning of ________.
Plastic is cheap and quite easy to make, however, it is very long-lasting.
A．Paragraph 2 B．Paragraph 3 C．Paragraph 4 D．Paragraph 5
3．What can we learn about microplastics
A．They are from the sea. B．They are easier to clean up.
C．They are the food to the birds. D．They are formed over time.
4．Why is plastic harmful to sea creatures
A．Because larger plastics take their living area in the ocean.
B．Because different types of plastics can get down into the ocean.
C．Because people try to create less waste by reusing and recycling.
D．Because sea creatures may die as they eat polluted microplastics.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D
【导语】本文简要介绍了形成太平洋垃圾带形成的原因——微塑料。作者向读者介绍了微塑料的危害，号
召大家少向海洋扔塑料垃圾。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“This is so big that it now covers an area of the ocean similar to six times the size of
the United Kingdom.”可知，作者在第一段中谈到了垃圾带的大小，以表明这个问题的严重性。故选 A。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“This means it can stay in the environment for hundreds of years, so every piece of
plastic ever produced is still there today.”可知第四段提到塑料是可以在环境中停留数百年，强调了它的耐用
持久性，所以改句可以置于第四段开头。故选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据第二段“These microplastics are the tiny pieces of larger items that have been worn down
over time.”可知，微塑料是随着时间的推移而形成的。故选 D。
4．细节理解题。根据第四段“It is also a danger to fish, birds and other sea life because creatures mistake tiny
plastics for food. The tiny microplastics take in pollutants which make them poisonous to sea life.”可知，塑料对
海洋生物有害是因为海洋生物吃了被污染的微塑料可能会死亡。故选 D。

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