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2门世2有
3厚UNIT 5　THE VALUE OF MONEY
主题语境：人与社会——金钱的价值
Money is a good servant and a bad master.—Francis Bacon
金钱是善仆，也是恶主。——弗朗西斯·培根
加黑词汇为话题词汇，阅读时加以体会。
Angela Johnson interviews ex－millionaire Jason Harley
For a lot of people, becoming a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal. They spend half of their time dreaming up ways of getting rich and achieving the success they expect, and the rest of their time thinking about all the things they will do once they become rich. But do all millionaires get the sense of success they were looking for after they achieve their goals Some continue to worry about money when they become millionaires—they worked hard to become wealthy, but then they need to continue making money so they don't lose the sense of success they have achieved. However, there are people who have turned their backs on their millions and found other forms of success in their lives. Jason Harley is one example.
(节选自北师大版选择性必修第一册 UNIT 2)
学有　　所得
1．词海拾贝
(1)millionaire n．百万富翁；大富豪
(2)a symbol of... ……的象征
(3)ultimate adj.最后的；最终的
(4)dream up 虚构出；凭空设想出
(5)achieve vt.达到
(6)wealthy adj.富有的；富裕的
(7)make money 赚钱
(8)turn one's back on 抛弃，背弃
2．阅读思考
(1)What is a symbol of success for many people
Becoming a millionaire.
(2)What do wealthy people do so as not to lose the sense of success
Continue making money.
3．佳句欣赏
(1)They spend half of their time dreaming up ways of getting rich and achieving the success they expect, and the rest of their time thinking about all the things they will do once they become rich. (省略关系代词的定语从句；once引导状语从句)
翻译：他们花一半时间想象各种发财和达到他们期望的成功的办法，另一半时间则用来考虑一旦发了财他们会干什么。
(2)Some continue to worry about money when they become millionaires—they worked hard to become wealthy, but then they need to continue making money so they don't lose the sense of success they have achieved. (复合句；省略关系代词的定语从句)
翻译：有些人成为百万富翁后仍然担心金钱问题——他们努力工作，变得富有，但后来他们需要继续赚钱，这样他们才不会丧失已经获得的成就感。
Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking & Viewing and Talking
基础　　记忆
项目一　必会单词
1．basis n．基础；根据；基点→base v．以……为基础→basic adj.基础的→basically adv.初步地；基本上
2．loan n．贷款；借款
3．plastic n．塑料　adj.塑料制的；塑料的
4．apologise/apologize vi.道歉；谢罪→apology n．道歉，致歉
5．ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会→ignorant adj.无知的→ignorance n．愚昧；无知
6．judge vt.&vi.评价；评判；判断　n．法官；审判员；裁判员→judg(e)ment n．判断；评价
项目二　必记短语
1．on the basis of 在某事的基础上；根据某事
2．take out a loan 取得贷款
3．in return 作为回报；作为回应
4．set up 建立
5．draw a conclusion 得出结论
6．be based on ... 以……为基础
7．agree with sb. 同意某人
“in＋n.”短语一览
in danger 处于危险中
in return 作为回报
in detail 详细地
in order 井然有序
in power 当权
项目三　教材原句
1．...I think that Chen Liyan was correct in returning the money, but she should have accepted the money Wang offered.
……我认为陈丽艳退钱是对的，但她本应该接受王先生的钱。
2．You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like.
你想来就来，想吃什么就吃什么。
延伸　　学习
Ⅰ.语音知识
英语语调——句子的升降调
语调(Intonation)，即说话的腔调，就是一句话里声调高低抑扬轻重的配置和变化。英语的基本语调包括升调(?)和降调(?)，它们还可以组合成降升调、升降调和升降升调。用不同的语调读句子就会有不同的意思。
一、升调和降调
(一)升调：升调的基本含义是“没有结束”“不肯定”。常见的一般疑问句用升调。它的特点是：
1．整个句子的音调从第一个重读音节开始，从高到低，依次递降，在最后一个重读音节上语调上升。
2．若最后一个重读音节后有非重读音节，则它们依次递升。
3．若句子以非重读音节开始，则它们语调低平。
4．句中的非重读音与它前面的重读音基本在同一音高，或依次降调。
※快速记忆：重读音节依次递降，句末重读回升上滑。
(二)降调：降调的基本含义是“结束”“肯定”。常见的一般陈述句、命令祈使句和特殊疑问句都用降调。使用降调的句子有这样的特点：
1．整个句子的音调从第一个重读音节开始，从高到低，依次递降，在最后一个重读音节上语调滑落下降。
2．若最后一个重读音节后有非重读音节，则它们的语调低平。
3．若句子以非重读音节开始，则它们语调低平。
4．句子中的非重读音与它前面的重读音基本在同一音高，或略为下降。
※快速记忆：重读音节依次递降，句末重读降落下滑。
(三)其他：英语的语调还有降升调、升降调和升降升调。
1．降升调在英语中也比较常用。它常表示“对比”“态度保留”“有言外之意”。
2．升降调常表示语气强烈、惊奇、自满得意等感情。
3．升降升调常表示自信、欢快、洋洋得意等感情。
二、常见句式的语调
(一)陈述句的语调。陈述句表示陈述一件事时用降调。
例：1.I understand.?
2．It's difficult.?
3．Beijing is the capital of China.?
4．There is a book on the desk.?
(二)特殊疑问句的语调。特殊疑问句一般用降调，句首的疑问词一般重读。
例：1.What's this ?
2．Who is your mother ?
3．Who are they ?
4．Where are you going ?
(三)感叹句的语调
1．感叹句表示强烈感叹时用降调。
例：(1)What a beautiful car! ?
(2)What a nice day！?
(3)Oh, dear！?
(4)How nice it is！?
2．感叹句表示惊奇时用升降调。
例：A：I bought this dress for 500 dollars.?
B：500 dollars！??
(四)一般疑问句和答语的语调
一般疑问句用升调，它的简略回答用降调。
例：1.Is this your book？?
Yes，? it is. ?
No，? it isn't. ?
2．Are you from America ?
Yes，? I am. ?
No，? I am not.?
(五)选择疑问句的语调。选择疑问句的语调主要有两种：
1．在说话人所说的几项中选择时，前面的选择事项用升调，最后一项用降调，中间的连接词如or用平调。
例：Shall we walk? or go by bike ?
Is your car blue，? green, ? or red ?
Do you go there by bus? or by taxi ?
2．如果还有其他选择说话人没有说出来，说话人说的几项都用升调。
Ⅱ.话题词汇
1．wealthy/rich 富有的
2．property 财产
3．economical 经济的；实惠的
4．precious/valuable 珍贵的
5．worthless 毫无价值的
6．take out a large loan 取得一大笔贷款
Ⅲ.听说词句
翻译词块
1．set up a fundraising website建立一个筹款网站
2．the best way to get money得到钱的最好方法
3．as a reward作为回报
4．turn the money in上交金钱
完成对话
A：Sandy, what will you do if you happen to 1.find a wallet on the street.(在大街上发现钱包)
B：2.I will return it to its owner (我会还给失主) or give it to the police.
A：3.It is very generous of you to do that(你那样做真是太慷慨了). But will you ask for some money in return
B：What I have never heard of this kind of thing.
A：There are always some of this kind of reports.Some people even think it is normal to 4.ask for some money in return(索要金钱作为回报) for good deeds.
B：As far as I am concerned, 5.I think good deeds can't be connected with money(我认为做好事不能和金钱联系起来)．
A：Me too. We should encourage people to do good deeds out of kindness.
B：A good idea.
词汇　　精讲
1．basis n．基础；根据；基点；基本原则
[教材原句]　Is money the basis of a happy life 金钱是幸福生活的基础吗？
[归纳拓展]
(1)on the basis of 在某事的基础上；根据某事
on a regular basis 定期地；经常地
on a daily/weekly basis 每天/每周
(2)base vt.以……为根据　n．基部；基地；基础
base... on/upon... 把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon... 以……为基础；依据……
at the base of... 以……为基点；在……底部
(3)basic adj.基本的；基础的
basically adv.基本上；大体上
[佳句背诵]
From June 9 to June 15, 807 cargo flights were handled on a daily basis, up 4.4 percent from the week before, administration data show.
政府数据显示，从6月9日到15日，每天处理的货物航班807架次，比前一周增长4.4%。
[易混辨析]
(1)basis 表示抽象含义，意为“基础”；也可指人们安排某事的“基准、准则”。
the economic basis 经济基础
(2)base 可表示具体含义，意为“根基，底座”；也可比喻理论的基础。
the base of a building 建筑物的根基(底座)
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①We should base the theory on/upon careful research.
②Based(base) on a true love story, the film we watched yesterday is highly thought of.
③Both the Winter and the Summer Olympics are held every four years on a regular basis(base)．
完成句子
④The restaurant is based on trust, and it is working all right.
这家餐馆建立在诚信的基础上，现在运转正常。
2．apologise (also apologize) vi.道歉；谢罪
[教材原句]　Wang Zheng apologised to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. 王政向陈丽艳道歉，因为他不能给她更多的钱。
[归纳拓展]
(1)apologise to sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事向某人道歉
apologise to sb. that... 向某人道歉……
(2)apology n．道歉
make/offer an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse one's apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉
[佳句背诵]
Bill apologised to his friend for having kept her waiting for a long time.
比尔向他的朋友道歉，因为他让她久等了。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①I must apologise for not letting(let) you know ahead of time.
②After a while, she apologised to me for the way she behaved at the beginning.
完成句子
③He apologised to her for his rude behaviour.
＝He made an apology to her for his rude behaviour.
他因自己的粗鲁行为向她道歉。
④I owe you an apology for the fact that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
我应向你道歉，星期五下午我不能和你一起去书店了。
3．cure n．治愈；痊愈　vt.治愈；治疗
[教材原句]　Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter. 陈丽艳借了一大笔钱给女儿治病。
[归纳拓展]
(1)a cure for... 针对……的治疗(法)
(2)cure sb./a disease 治疗好某人/治疗(治愈)某种疾病
cure sb. of a disease/bad habit 治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的恶习
[佳句背诵]
Prevention is proverbially better than cure.
如谚语所说，预防胜于治疗。
(1)treat sb. to... 意为“招待某人吃……；请某人吃饭”。
(2)treat sb. for... 意为“为某人医治……(不一定治愈)”。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①There is still no cure for a cold.
②This will cure him of his bad habit.
4．ignore vt.对……不予理会；不理睬；忽视；不管；没注意
[教材原句]　Also, while listening, don't ignore the speakers' tone... 并且，听的时候不要忽视讲话者的语气……
[归纳拓展]
(1)ignorant adj.无知的；不知道的；没有学识的
be ignorant of/about... 不知道……；不了解……；无知
(2)ignorance n．无知；愚昧
in ignorance of... 对……不知道
out of ignorance 出于无知
[佳句背诵]
If you ignore your diet, trouble will follow.
如果你忽视自己的饮食，必然会遇到麻烦。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①People don't like to ask questions for fear of appearing ignorant(ignore)．
②I am quite ignorant of/about what they intend to do.
③As a matter of fact, his failure resulted from his ignorance(ignore)．
5．in return作为回报；作为报答；回报；作为回应
[教材原句]　When we help someone，should we expect to get something in return 当我们帮助某人时，我们是否应该期望得到回报？
[归纳拓展]
(1)in return for... 作为对……的回报
on/upon one's return 一回来(就……)
a return ticket 往返票
return to... 回到……
return sth. to sb. 把某物归还某人
(2)in turn 依次；逐个地；转而；反过来
by turns 轮流；时而……时而……
[佳句背诵]
Liz agreed to look after the baby in return for a free room.
莉兹同意照顾婴儿，以换取一间免费的房间。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①I invited him to dinner in return for his kindness.
完成句子
②These are gestures of genuine friendship with no favours expected in return.
这是友谊的真正表现，不期待任何回报。
③The students answered the teacher's questions in turn.
学生们依次回答了老师的问题。
6．judge n．审判员；裁判员；法官　vt.& vi. 评价；评判；判断
[教材原句]　Should we judge people based on how much money they have 我们应该根据人们有多少钱来判断他们吗？
[归纳拓展]
(1)judge... from/by... 从……来判断
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断
(2)judging from/by 从……上看；根据……判断
(3)judg(e)ment n．看法；判决；判断力
make a judg(e)ment on/about... 对……作出评价
judging from/by...置于句首作状语，形式不受主语的限制，构成独立成分。类似的用法还有：considering，generally speaking，frankly speaking等。
[佳句背诵]
Judging from the way he laughed as he told it, it was meant to be humorous.
从他讲的时候笑的样子来看，这应该是幽默的。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①As the old saying goes, “You can't judge a book from/by its cover.”
②Judging(judge) from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.
③It's too soon to make a judg(e)ment(judge) about what the outcome will be.
完成句子
④As far as I can judge, we should have a balanced diet and work out regularly to keep healthy.
在我看来，我们应该均衡饮食，并有规律地锻炼以保持身体健康。
句式　　精析
... I think that Chen Liyan was correct in returning the money, but she should have accepted the money Wang offered. [教材原句]
……我认为陈丽艳退钱是对的，但她本应该接受王先生的钱。
[句式分析]
should have done意为“过去本应该做某事而没有做”，有时含有责备的语气。shouldn't have done指“本不应该做某事而做了”。
[归纳拓展]
情态动词＋have done的用法：
(1)must have done意为“过去一定做过”，只用于肯定句中。
(2)may/might have done意为“过去可能做过”。
(3)can/could have done意为“可能已经做过”，常用于疑问句。还可表示本来可以做的事而没做。
can't/couldn't have done意为“过去不可能做过”。
(4)needn't have done意为“本不必做”，表示过去做了不必做的事。
[佳句背诵]
I beg your pardon. I suppose I should have knocked at the door.
请原谅。我想我本该敲门的。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
①You should have come here earlier，but you didn't.
你应该早到这儿，但你没有。
②I shouldn't have treated you in such bad manners this morning.
我上午本不应该以那样不礼貌的方式对待你。
③Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He must have drunk too much at the party last night.
哈里感到不舒服。他一定是在昨晚的聚会上喝了太多的酒。
达标　　练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A good parent child relationship should be on the basis(基础) of understanding and respect.
2．You must apologise/apologize(道歉) to him face to face.
3．My classmate walked past me and she ignored(不理睬) me completely.
4．The judge(法官) met the two lawyers in his office.
5．It took three years to repay my student loan(贷款)．
Ⅱ.短语填空
in return; set up; cure... of...; judging by; on the basis of; apologise to
1．I apologised to my friend for having kept him waiting for a long time.
2．All effective language teaching in the world is built on the basis of oral language.
3．He has given me so much help that I really want to do something for him in return.
4．Judging by her last letter, they are living a simple life.
5．His parents try to cure him of the bad habit.
6．After the war, a new government was set up for that country.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．All the teachers work on an entirely voluntary basis.
所有的这些老师都是志愿工作的。
2．We apologise/apologize for the late departure of this flight.
我们为航班起飞延误表示歉意。
3．To be honest, I don't think his work is good.
坦白地说，我认为他的工作做得不好。
4．Don't judge a man by/from his looks.
不要以貌取人。
5．You should have stayed at home on such a frightening night.
这么吓人的晚上你本来应该待在家里。
课时作业(十七)　Section Ⅰ　Listening and Speaking & Viewing
and Talking
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Based(base) on a true story，the film is very popular.
2．Victor apologised/apologized(apology) for his not being able to inform me of the change in the plan.
3．Little Jim ignored(ignore) his teacher's suggestion so he made the same mistake again.
4. Judging(judge) from his accent, he must come from the northern part.
5．The fresh air and exercise cured him of his sleeplessness, which made him feel relief.
6．The old woman is warm hearted.She is always ready to help whoever is in trouble.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Two Canadian cyclists are riding 8,000 kilometres across Canada with an important task. These great riders have Parkinson's disease(帕金森氏病) and during their tour, they are helping others with Parkinson's to get on their bikes and rediscover freedom and joy.
Steve Iseman and Jim Redmond started their bike tour on June 25, 2022, in Victoria, British Columbia. They are receiving support and help on the way by friends Mike and Loghrin and his wife Darlene.
Iseman and Redmond were both fit before they were diagnosed(诊断) with early Parkinson's disease and decided to keep active and push themselves. This is the message they wish to convey to those 100,000 Canadians who have also been diagnosed.
Nine out of ten Canadians with Parkinson's are short of support and live in silence and alone. As the number of those diagnosed is increasing each year, this brave team wants to give these people confidence. On August 2, the riders were in Thunder Bay, Ontario, over halfway through their three－month ride. They are being interviewed by local news stations and podcasters(播客) along the way, hoping to get the word out and to raise money for research.
Both Iseman and Redmond had to work hard to feel happiness on the bike. “When I got on a bike it was like lightning struck. Although I was not fast, I felt like I was fast and, more importantly, I felt free，” Redmond explained.
This two Canadians want to inspire others to do the same. To ride with Parkinson's, people may have to make a few changes, but the rewards are boundless, being great for mind, body, and feelings.“I can now cycle again. I go as fast as I can, play in the wind, conquer hills, and race with no finish line. The joy is back，” said Iseman.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两位患早期帕金森的人，为了激励更多的帕金森患者和筹集资金，开始了漫长的骑行。
1. How did Iseman and Redmond feel when diagnosed with early Parkinson's disease
A．They were upset.
B．They were doubtful.
C．They were positive.
D．They suffered a lot.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Iseman and Redmond were both fit before they were diagnosed (诊断) with early Parkinson's disease and decided to keep active and push themselves.”可推知，确诊后他俩都很乐观积极。故选C项。
答案：C
2．What is the present situation of people with Parkinson's in Canada
A．They are lonely.
B．They are homeless.
C．They are well cared for.
D．They are short of money.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Nine out of ten Canadians with Parkinson's are short of support and live in silence and alone.”可知，加拿大的帕金森患者的现状是他们很孤独。故选A项。
答案：A
3．Why did Iseman and Redmond keep being interviewed
A．To become famous.
B．To collect money for research.
C．To increase confidence.
D．To attract more bike riders.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They are being interviewed by local news stations and podcasters(播客) along the way, hoping to get the word out and to raise money for research.”可知，他们不断接受采访是为了筹集研究资金。故选B项。
答案：B
4．What does the underlined word “boundless” in the last paragraph mean
A．Unnoticed. B．Unofficial.
C．Unknown. D．Unlimited.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“being great for mind, body, and feelings(对思想、身体和情感都有好处)”可猜测，画线单词boundless意为“无限的”，与D项“Unlimited(无限制的)”意思一致。故选D项。
答案：D
Ⅲ.完形填空
A businessman was deep in debt and could see no way out. He sat on the park chair, with head in hands, wondering if anything could save his company from 1 .
Suddenly an old man appeared before him and was willing to 2 him help. He asked the man his name，wrote out a check, and pushed it into his hand, saying “ 3 me here exactly one year from today, and you can pay me back at that time.” Then he turned and disappeared as 4 as he had come.
The businessman saw a check for $500,000 in his hand, which was signed by John D. Rockefeller, one of the 5 men in the world! “I can remove my money worries 6 ！” he realised. But the man decided to put the check in his safe, 7 it might give him the strength to find out a way to save his business. With a renewed active attitude, he thought of some new business ideas which soon led to his success in several big 8 .Within a few months, he was out of debt and making 9 once again.
Exactly one year later, he returned to the park with the check. At the time they have agreed on, the old man 10 ， too. But just as the man was about to hand back the check and share his 11 story, a nurse came running up and 12 the old man. She said the old man was always escaping from the restroom and telling people he was John D. Rockefeller. Then she led the old man away 13 the arm hurriedly.
The man just stood there, 14 . Suddenly, he realised that it wasn't the money 15 his self confidence that gave him the power to achieve anything he went after.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个商人东山再起的故事。一个商人欠下许多债务，他无助地坐在公园里。有一个老人给了他一张50万美元的支票，让他一年后来还。商人后来发现支票的签名是世界上最富有的人之一——约翰·D.洛克菲勒。后来他再次获得了成功，来找那个老人，却发现那位老人并非约翰·D.洛克菲勒，支票也是假的。原来，并非金钱，而是信心使商人获得了成功。
1．A.opening B．breaking
C．rising D．closing
解析：根据文章第一句“A businessman was deep in debt and could see no way out.”可知，这个商人正在想办法让他的公司免于倒闭(close)。open打开；break打破；rise上升。故选D项。
答案：D
2．A.offer B．demand
C．require D．take
解析：根据下文“He asked the man his name, wrote out a check, and pushed it into his hand”可知，此人给他提供了帮助， offer sb.help“主动为某人提供帮助”。句意：突然，一位老人出现在他面前，愿意给他提供(offer)帮助。demand要求；require需要；take拿走。故选A项。
答案：A
3．A.Visit B．Discover
C．Meet D．Help
解析：根据第四段的描述可知，应该是一年后会面。句意：正好一年后的今天我们在这里见面(meet)，到时候你可以还我钱。visit拜访；discover发现；help帮助。故选C项。
答案：C
4．A.loudly B．slowly
C．happily D．quickly
解析：根据第二段第一句中的“Suddenly an old man appeared before him”可知，老人来时突然，此时消失迅速。句意：然后这个老人转身，像来时一样迅速地(quickly)消失了。loudly大声地；slowly慢慢地；happily高兴地。故选D项。
答案：D
5．A.poorest B．highest
C．richest D．smartest
解析：根据上文老人手里有五十万美元的支票可知，他是富有的(rich)人。poor贫穷的；high高的；smart聪明的。故选C项。
答案：C
6．A.sooner or later B．right away
C．in the future D．once in a while
解析：根据上文，他正陷入债务危机，这张支票可以立刻(right away)消除他的烦恼。sooner or later迟早；in the future在将来；once in a while偶尔。故选B项。
答案：B
7．A.hoping B．examining
C．noticing D．remembering
解析：根据本句可知，这个人决定把支票放到保险柜里，希望(hope)把它作为一种精神支持的力量，想办法挽救他的生意。examine检查；notice注意到；remember记住。故选A项。
答案：A
8．A.sales B．discounts
C．films D．games
解析：此人是个商人，根据本句中的“some new business ideas”可知，他的成功是在买卖方面。句意：他以一种全新的积极态度，想出了一些新的商业点子，很快就在几笔大买卖(sale)中取得了成功。discount折扣；film电影；game游戏。故选A项。
答案：A
9．A.trouble B．mistakes
C．sense D．money
解析：根据本句中的“out of debt”可知他还清了债务，此处是开始赚钱(make money)。句意：几个月之内，他就还清了债务，又开始赚钱了。故选D项。
答案：D
10．A.set up B．came up
C．called up D．gave up
解析：根据第二段内容可知，他们约定一年后见面。句意：在他们约定的时间，老人也出现(come up)了。set up建立；call up召集；give up放弃。故选B项。
答案：B
11．A.failure B．love
C．success D．education
解析：根据第三段内容可知，他已经成功了，此处是分享他成功的故事。句意：但就在那个人要把支票还给老人并分享他的成功(success)故事的时候……。failure失败；love爱；education教育。故选C项。
答案：C
12．A.hung B．saved
C．drove D．caught
解析：根据下文护士的描述可知，这个老人精神不太正常，所以护士抓他回去。句意：一个护士跑过来抓住(catch)了这个老人。hang悬挂；save挽救；drive驾车送(人)，驱驶。故选D项。
答案：D
13．A.in B．by
C．on D．with
解析：lead sb.by the arm“牵着某人的胳膊”。句意：护士匆忙地牵着老人的胳膊走了。故选B项。
答案：B
14．A.astonished B．pleased
C．interested D．terrified
解析：根据语境可知，这个人得知真相后，非常惊讶。句意：那人站在那里，惊呆(astonished)了。pleased高兴的；interested感兴趣的；terrified害怕的。故选A项。
答案：A
15．A.while B．and
C．so D．but
解析：根据上下文可知，此处为转折关系。句意：突然，他意识到，并不是钱，而是(but)他的自信给了他实现任何目标的力量。while当……时；and和；so因此。故选D项。
答案：D
Ⅳ.语法填空
When Victor Gao was growing up in rural China in 1. 1970s, cars and trucks were so rare that he would chase them with the other children through the dirt roads, 2. (thrill) by the strange sight. Today, China is the world's largest automobile producer, 3. more than double the capacity of the United States.
“I never 4. (expect) that an ordinary Chinese family would own a car and China would be a major automobile making country，” Gao said. “It would be completely beyond my 5. (wild) dreams that China would produce more automobiles than the US.”
December 18, 2018 marks four decades since China started the process, 6. has transformed it from a poor country into an economic superpower. This era of great change 7. (know) broadly as “Reform and Opening up”. At the beginning of the reform era, China's GDP was just under $150 billion 8. it has sharply increased to over $12 trillion today. In the last 20 years alone, wealth per adult has quadrupled(成四倍), 9. (leave) fewer than 1% of the population in extreme 10. (poor). China now has 600 billionaires, a higher number than anywhere else in the world.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了中国改革开放四十多年来取得的巨大成就——从一穷二白的国家到跻身于经济大国行列。
1．解析：考查冠词。句意：上世纪70年代，当Victor Gao在中国农村长大时，汽车和卡车非常罕见，他会和其他孩子在土路上追逐它们，对这一陌生的景象感到兴奋。表示年代，应用定冠词。故填the。
答案：the
2．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。thrill的逻辑主语是he，它们之间是被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填thrilled。
答案：thrilled
3．解析：考查介词。句意：今天，中国是世界上最大的汽车生产国，产量是美国的两倍多。此处作伴随状语。故填with。
答案：with
4．解析：考查时态。句意：我从来没有想到一个普通的中国家庭会拥有一辆汽车，中国会成为一个主要的汽车制造国家。描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填expected。
答案：expected
5．解析：考查最高级。句意：中国的汽车产量将超过美国，这完全让我出乎意料。根据句意可知用最高级。故填wildest。
答案：wildest
6．解析：考查定语从句。 “6. has transformed it from a poor country into an economic superpower”是一个定语从句，先行词是the process，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
答案：which
7．解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这个大变革的时代被广泛地称为“改革开放”。本句主语为This era of great change，与know之间为被动关系；本句表示一个客观的事实，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数。故填is known。
答案：is known
8．解析：考查连词。句意：改革开放初期，中国国内生产总值不足1 500亿美元，然而，现在已大幅增长到12万亿美元以上。文中表示对比或转折，可意为“然而”，也可意为“但是”。故填while/but。
答案：while/but
9．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：仅在过去20年里，每个成年人的财富就翻了两番，只有不到1%的人口处于极度贫困状态。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果。故填leaving。
答案：leaving
10．解析：考查名词。句意同上题。介词之后用名词。故填poverty。
答案：poverty
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
课前自主预习课文见本书361页THE MILLION POUND BANK NOTE (ACT 1, SCENE 3)
基础　　记忆
项目一　必会单词
Ⅰ.单词匹配
1．narrator　　　　 A．领事馆
2．bet B．采矿；采矿业
3．consulate C．延迟；延期；延缓
4．mining D．(书、戏剧或电影中的)叙述者；讲述者
5．postpone E．打赌；赌注
答案：1.D　2.E　3.A　4.B　5.C
Ⅱ.核心单词
1．scene n．(戏剧或歌剧的)场；现场；场面；景色→scenery n．景色
2．bet n．打赌；赌注　vi.&vt.下赌注；用……打赌　vt.敢说
3．servant n．仆人；用人
4．sail vi.&vt.(船)航行；(人)乘船航行→sailor n．海员
5．spot vt.看见；注意到；发现　n．地点；处所；斑点；污迹→spotted/spotted(过去式/过去分词)
6．dare vi.& modal v．胆敢；敢于
7．sort n．种类；类别
8．patience n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力→patient adj.有耐心的　n．病人
9．indicate vt.&vi.表明；显示　vt.象征；暗示→indication n．迹象→indicator n．指示器；指示信号
10．beneath adv.&prep.在(或往)……下面；在……的表面之下
11．postpone vt.延迟；延期；延缓
12．odd adj.奇怪的；怪异的；反常的
patient 家族
be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心
be patient of sth. 忍受/忍耐某事
impatient adj.不耐烦的；没有耐心的
patience n．耐心
impatience n．不耐烦
with patience＝patiently 耐心地
Ⅲ.英英互译
1．ignore　　　 A．the place where sth. happens，especially sth. unpleasant
2．scene B．a person who works in another person's house, and cooks, cleans, etc. for them
3．bet C．arrange for an event, etc. to take place at a later time or date
4．servant D．pay no attention to sth.
5．patience E．show that sth. is true or exists
6．indicate F．the ability to stay calm and accept a delay or sth. annoying withoutcomplaining
7．postpone G．risk money on a race or an event by trying to predict the result
答案：1.D　2.A　3.G　4.B　5.F　6.E　7.C
Ⅳ.一词多义
scene n.
1．Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.B
2．We set off to admire the peaceful country scene.C
3．The movie opens with a scene in a New York apartment.A
4．They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England.D
spot
5．Some of the spots on your trousers are hard to remove.B
6．I read through the first page of the book and spotted a spelling mistake.A
7．Fortunately, a man made an offer to show him around different spots.C
Ⅴ.熟词生义
1．She retired last year but still teaches the odd class to keep her hand in.
adj.偶尔发生的
2. Not being a sincere person, he often wears a plastic smile.adj.虚伪的
项目二　必记短语
1．make a bet 打个赌
2．as a matter of fact 事实上；其实；说真的
3．by accident 偶然地；意外地
4．to be honest 说实话；坦率地说
5．ought to 应该；应当
6．care about 关心；介意
7．be about to do sth. 即将或正要(做某事)
8．show... out 领……出去
9．had better do sth. 最好做某事
1．“as”开头短语一览
as a result 结果
as if/though 似乎，好像
as usual 照例；照常
as follows 如下
as mentioned above 如上所说
2．“偶然地”和“故意地”短语一览
by accident 偶然地
by chance 偶然地
by design 故意地
on purpose 故意地
3．to短语作插入语
to be honest 说实话；坦率地说
to be frank 坦白地说
to be brief 简单地说
to begin with 首先
to tell you the truth 说实话
项目三　教材原句
1．They see a poor young man walking outside their house.
他们看到一个贫穷的年轻人正在他们的房子外面走着。
2．And it was the ship that brought you to England.
是那条船把你带到了英国。
3．I don't think it's very funny.
我觉得不太好笑。
4. That's why we've given you the letter.
那就是我们把信给你的原因。
课文　　理解
Ⅰ.匹配段落大意
Part 1 Beginning　　 A．Henry accepts the two brothers' letter and leaves their house.
Part 2 Development B．The two rich brothers have a chat with Henry and try to find more information about him.
Part 3 Climax(高潮) C．The two rich brothers find Henry is the very person that they want.
Part 4 Ending D．The background of the story.
答案：Part 1—D　Part 2—B　Part 3—C　Part 4—A
Ⅱ.阅读课文选最佳选项
1．What happened to Henry when he was sailing
A．His boat sank in a storm at sea.
B．He was carried out to sea by a strong wind.
C．He was attacked by some bad men at sea.
D．He jumped into the sea to kill himself.
答案：B
2．By saying “What luck！” Oliver was happy that to meet their bet.
A．Henry was penniless
B．he himself was rich while Henry was not
C．Henry was not English
D．Henry was an American
答案：A
3．Which of the following words can best describe Henry
A．Brave.　　　　　 B．Honest.
C．Lazy. D．Shy.
答案：B
4．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Henry promised to open the letter before 2 o'clock.
B．The two brothers would like to offer him a job.
C．Roderick believed that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London.
D．Henry only wanted a job because he was penniless in London.
答案：D
5．Which of the following statements about Henry is NOT true
A．Henry came from the USA.
B．He worked for a mining company in America.
C．He arrived in England as planned.
D．He wanted to find work in London.
答案：C
Ⅲ.课文语法填空
Two rich brothers made a bet 1.to see(see) whether a man with a million pound bank note could live a month in London.They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry 2.walking(walk) on the street outside. They invited him into their house, 3.where Henry told them he landed in Britain 4.by accident. It was a ship that 5.brought(bring) him to England. Although he sought help from the 6.American(America) consulate, he received nothing. Henry wanted to get an 7.honest(honesty) job from them but the two brothers said that his bad luck made them 8.happy(happily). They gave Henry a letter 9.with money in it. They told him not to open it 10.until 2 o'clock and Henry promised.
Ⅳ.佳句练习
1．找出神态描写的句子并翻译
The brothers smile at each other.
翻译：兄弟俩相视一笑。
2．完成下面佳句并背诵
That's why we've given you the letter.(why 引导表语从句)
那就是我们把信给你的原因。
Ⅴ.解读——长句难句分析
1．About a month ago，I was sailing，and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
[句式分析]　此句是并列句。and为并列连词，连接两个简单句；后面的I found myself carried out to sea为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，其中宾语补足语为carried out to sea。
[自主翻译]　大约一个月前，我正在出海航行，傍晚时，我被一阵强风刮到了海上。
2．And it was the ship that brought you to England.
[句式分析]　此句是强调句，其结构为“It was... that...”，被强调部分为the ship，判断依据是去掉强调句结构，句子依然成立。
[自主翻译]　是那条船把你带到了英国。
词汇　　精讲
1．scene n．(戏剧或歌剧的)场；场面；现场
[教材原句]　ACT 1, SCENE 3 第1幕，第3场
[归纳拓展]
behind the scenes 在幕后；暗中
on the scene 在现场；当场；在台上
come on the scene 出场；登场
the scene of the crime 犯罪现场
[佳句背诵]
The opening scene was set in a beautiful garden.
开场场景以一个美丽的花园为背景。
[易混辨析]
(1)scene 指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内。
(2)scenery 指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。
(3)sight 既指场景、眼前看到的景观，又指名胜、风景。表示后者的含义时，常用复数。
(4)view 常指从远处或高处或某一特定的地点看到的。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①The students were able to go behind the scenes(scene) to see how programmes were made.
②On receiving the call, the police rushed to the scene, where a traffic accident happened.
写出下列句中scene的含义
③I think that sunrise is a beautiful scene.风景
④This is the scene of the accident which happened last Sunday.现场
⑤The team's victory produced scenes of joy all over the country.场面
⑥The movie opens with a scene in a New York apartment.(戏剧或歌剧的)场
完成句子
⑦Our reporter was the first person on the scene.
我们的记者是最先到达出事地点的人。
2．by accident 偶然地；意外地
[教材原句]　As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident. 事实上，我在英国上岸是偶然的。
[归纳拓展]
by chance (＝accidentally)偶然地
on purpose/by design/purposely 故意地
by mistake错误地(并非故意)
by contrast 对比之下
by hand 用手工
[佳句背诵]
I read of it quite by accident in the latest edition of the Global.
我是偶然在最近一期的《环球》杂志上获悉它的。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
①He did it whether by accident or by design.
不知道他是无意还是有意做了这件事。
②I ran into an old friend in the street by accident/by chance.
我在街上偶然碰见一位老朋友。
3．spot vt.看见；注意到；发现　n．地点；处所；斑点；污迹
[教材原句]　The next morning I was spotted by a ship. 第二天早上，一条船发现了我。
[归纳拓展]
(1)spot sb./sth. 发现/认出某人/物
spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
be spotted with 散布；点缀
(2)on the spot 当场；在现场
[佳句背诵]
[2023·全国乙卷]We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset.
日落前有空闲时间，我们设法离开这个地方爬得更高。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①He spotted his friend talking(talk) with someone in the distance.
②Just as the car reached the spot where she was standing, I pulled her to safety.
③To her great joy，she was spotted(spot) and the helicopter soon landed.
完成句子
④Basing his conclusion on the evidence he collected on the spot, he proved that the murderer was guilty.
他根据当场收集的证据得出结论，证明了凶手有罪。
⑤I finally spotted my friend in the crowd, who was wearing a black skirt with white spots.
我终于在人群中看见了我的朋友。她穿着一条黑底白点的裙子。
4．sort n．种类；类别　v．分类
[教材原句]　Tell us, what sort of work did you do in America 告诉我们，你在美国做过什么工作？
[归纳拓展]
(1)sort of 有点儿；有几分
of this/that sort 这/那一类的
all sorts of 各种各样的
(2)sort out 分类；整理；选出；解决
sort... out 把……分类
sort out... from... 从……中把……区别/辨别出来
sort... into 把……分类
[佳句背诵]
He seemed to be just the right sort for the job.
他似乎就是该工作的合适人选。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①I must sort out my clothes for tomorrow.
②It was sort of odd that he didn't come.
完成句子
③We'd better sort out the rubbish so as to recycle some, which surely benefits us a great deal.
我们最好把垃圾分类以便于回收利用一些，这肯定对我们很有益处。
5．patience n．耐心；忍耐力；毅力
[教材原句]　Patience. If you don't mind, may I ask you how much money you have 耐心点。如果你不介意的话，我可以问一下你有多少钱吗？
[归纳拓展]
(1)with patience＝patiently 耐心地
out of patience 没有耐心
beyond one's patience 无法忍受
have the patience to do sth. 有耐心做某事
(2)patient adj. 有耐心的　n. 病人
be patient with... 对……有耐心
(3)impatience n. 不耐烦；急躁
impatient adj. 不耐烦的
impatiently adv. 不耐烦地
[佳句背诵]
Seeing their frustrated faces，the father helped them prepare breakfast for their mother with patience/patiently.
看到他们沮丧的脸庞，父亲耐心地帮助他们为妈妈准备早餐。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①The teacher pointed out my mistakes with patience(patient)．
②He became impatient(patient) owing to the long wait.
③He always has the patience to explain(explain) the difficult problems to us.
完成句子
④The person I respect most is my headteacher who has patience with us/is patient with us. He always has the patience to explain the difficult problems to us. He has never lost patience with us.
我最尊敬的人是我的校长，他对我们有耐心。他总是有耐心向我们解释这些难题。他从未对我们失去过耐心。
6．to be honest 说实话；坦率地说
[教材原句]　Well, to be honest, I have none. 唉，说实话，我身无分文。
[归纳拓展]
(1)honestly speaking＝to be honest＝to tell the truth 说实在的；说实话
it's honest of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是诚实的
(2)to be frank＝frankly speaking 坦率地说
to be fair 公平地说
to be precise 确切地说
(3)honesty n．诚实，正直
honestly adv.诚实地；正当地
dishonest adj.不诚实的
[佳句背诵]
To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.
说实话，很多人都把富裕和出名看得很重要。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①It is honest of you to tell the truth to us.
②Honestly(honest) speaking, I also find that I still have some bad learning habits.
7．be about to do sth.即将或正要(做某事)
[教材原句]　... I was about to go get the letter. ……我正要去拿信呢。
[归纳拓展]
be about to do... when... 正要……突然……
＝be on the point of doing... when... 正要做某事这时……
be doing... when... 正在做……这时……
had (just) done sth. when... 刚做完某事这时……
[佳句背诵]
[2023·浙江1月卷]I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared.
我正要离开，这时蜂鸟出现了。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
①[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Henry was about to fix his car when he heard the screams.
亨利正要修车，突然听到了惊叫声。
②I told Ted I was about to go to sleep.
我告诉泰德我正要睡觉。
③I was having an online class when my mother pushed the door in.
我正在上网课，这时我的妈妈推门进来了。
④I had just finished cleaning the blackboard when the monitor asked me to water the flowers.
我刚擦完黑板，这时班长又让我去浇花。
8．indicate vt.& vi.表明；显示　vt.象征；暗示
[教材原句]　This implied meaning often indicates people's feelings，attitudes，or motives. 这种含蓄的含义往往表明人们的感情、态度或动机。
[归纳拓展]
(1)indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出某物
indicate that/wh－... 示意；表明
as... indicate 正如……所示
(2)indication n．指示；象征；预示
indicator n．指示；指示
[佳句背诵]
Our monitor smiled and nodded, indicating that everything was fine.
我们的班长微笑着点头，表明一切都很好。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①There is a great deal of evidence indicating(indicate) that listening to soft music can reduce stress.
②Just as the story indicates(indicate), where there is life, there is hope.
③He gave no indication (indicate) of his own feelings at all.
9．postpone vt.延迟；延期；延缓
[教材原句]　They said the letter inside would explain what it was all about, but he had to postpone opening it until 2 o'clock. 他们说里面的信会解释这是怎么回事，但他不得不推迟到2点才打开。
[归纳拓展]
postpone sth. (to/till/until...) 推迟某事(到……)
postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事
postpone＝put off＝delay 延期；推
[佳句背诵]
We'll have to postpone the meeting to/until next week because of the bad weather.
由于天气不好，我们不得不把会议延迟到下周。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①In closing, we determined to postpone conducting(conduct) the research.
完成句子
②I am terribly sorry to postpone our appointment to/until next Sunday due to some unexpected matters.
由于一些意想不到的事情，我非常抱歉把我们的约会推迟到下周日。
10．end (up) with 以……结束(指以某种方式结束)
[教材原句]　The scene ended with Henry leaving their house and promising that he would not open the letter until 2 o'clock. 这一幕结束了，亨利离开了他们的房子，并承诺直到2点他才会打开信。
[归纳拓展]
(1)end (up) in 以……告终，结果为……
end up as 作为……而结束
end up doing sth. 最终做某事
(2)come to an end 结束
put an end to 结束
at the end of... 在……尽头/末端
in the end 最后；终于
from beginning to end 从头至尾，自始至终
on end 竖立；笔直地；连续地
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
(3)ending n．结局；结尾
endless adj.无止境的；连续的
[佳句背诵]
Despite his best efforts, however, he ended up with nothing.
尽管他尽了最大的努力，他最终还是什么都没有得到。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
①He'll end up in prison if he's not careful.
如果他不小心，最后会锒铛入狱的。
②The party ended up with the singing of You and Me.
晚会以唱《我和你》这首歌结束。
③At first they hated each other, but they ended up becoming good friends.
他们最初相互仇恨，到后来却成了好朋友。
句式　　精析
1．About a month ago, I was sailing, and towards night I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.[教材原句]
大约一个月前，我正在出海航行，傍晚时，我被一阵强风刮到了海上。
[句式分析]
本句中的“found myself carried out”是“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，carried out是宾语补足语。
[归纳拓展]
“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构的常见形式：
(1)find＋宾语＋名词(短语)/形容词/副词/介词短语
find＋宾语＋现在分词(短语)(表示主动和正在进行)
find＋宾语＋过去分词(短语)(表示被动或完成)
(2)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do sth.(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)
[佳句背诵]
①[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
我转过身，发现他朝我走来，当他向前摆动双脚时，他小小的身体左右摇摆。
②I find it impossible to lie to her.
我觉得无法对她撒谎。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
①I do hope you'll find my advice/suggestions helpful. Best wishes for your future study!
我真心希望你能发现我的建议有所帮助。祝你学习进步！
②I found him listening attentively to the teacher.
我发现他正在聚精会神地听老师讲课。
③When the teacher woke up in the hospital, he found himself surrounded by several students.
老师在医院醒来后，发现自己被几个学生围着。
④I found the trip to the Great Wall an unforgettable and worthwhile experience.
我发现这次长城之旅是一次难忘且有意义的经历。
⑤With a look of doubt, the father heard someone cooking in the kitchen and when he stepped in, he found the kitchen in a mess and saw the twins disappointed and upset. Knowing that they desired to cook a Mother's Day breakfast，the father had them cook as they were told.
一脸狐疑，父亲听到有人在厨房做饭，当他进去时，他发现厨房一片混乱，看到双胞胎既失望又沮丧。了解到他们渴望做一顿母亲节早餐，父亲让他们按照被告诉的去做。
2．And it was the ship that brought you to England. [教材原句]
是那条船把你带到了英国。
[句式分析]
此处it was... that...是强调句型结构，强调句子的主语。此强调结构还可强调句子的宾语和状语。
[归纳拓展]
强调句型结构：
(1)陈述式：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。
(2)一般疑问式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？
(3)特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他成分？
(4)not... until...句型的强调句型结构为“It is/was not until...＋that＋其他成分”，需注意否定转移，that后的谓语动词要用肯定式
[佳句背诵]
①It was Mary that/who I met in the street yesterday.(强调宾语)
昨天我在街上遇见的是玛丽。
②It was I who met Mary in the street yesterday.(强调主语)
昨天是我在街上遇见玛丽的。
③It was in the street that I met Mary yesterday.(强调地点状语)
昨天我是在街上遇见玛丽的。
(1)强调句型通常用来强调句子的主语、宾语和状语，不能强调谓语。对句子的谓语动词强调时用“do/does/did＋动词原形”。
(2)判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：把it is/was和that/who去掉，再把被强调部分归位到本来的位置，句子完整，则为强调句。
[巧学活用]
完成句子
①The mother threw her arms around the twins excitedly, saying “Thank you，my dear kids.It is the best Mother's Day present that I have received.”
妈妈激动地把双胞胎拥入怀里，说：“谢谢你们，我亲爱的孩子们。我收到了最好的母亲节礼物。”
②It was in the street that I saw your brother last night.
昨天晚上我是在街上看到你哥哥的。
③It is you who are going to speak at the meeting.
是你将在会上发言。
④It was not until I came back that he left.
＝He didn't leave until I came back.
直到我回来他才离开。
达标　　练案
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．On the scene(现场) of the event, they were permitted to use their own cameras to take photos.
2．He employed a steady servant(仆人) who came daily to cook and wash for him.
3．We boarded the ship which looked like Titanic and sailed(航行) eastward.
4．As soon as he spotted(发现) an insect on a leaf, the little boy stared at it and watched it quietly.
5．You have to have such a lot of patience(耐心) when you are dealing with kids.
6．A red sky at night often indicates(表明) fine weather the next day.
7．With a silent, elegant dive, she disappeared beneath(在……之下) the surface of the lake.
8．Some workers are not willing to postpone(延迟) their retirement age.
9．I bet(打赌) you can't resist laughing at these funny and crazy sports images taken at the right moment.
10．She recognized her mother's hand writing on the envelope(信封)．
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．He made a bet that he would win the game.
2．As a matter of fact, everything has developed as we wanted.
3．I met him by accident at the bus stop.
4．In my job, I meet with all sorts of people.
5．He was hit by a falling tree and killed on the spot.
6．To be honest, it's beyond my power to help you.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．It is the beauty of Chinese calligraphy that attracts many international students to appreciate Chinese culture.
正是中国书法之美吸引了许多留学生来欣赏中国文化。
2．She dare not go out/doesn't dare (to) go out alone at night.
她晚上不敢一个人出去。
3．To be honest/Honestly speaking，I don't think her coat is beautiful.
坦白地说，我认为她的大衣不漂亮。
4．I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
5．I saw him opening the window.
我看见他正在开窗户。
课时作业(十八)　Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
Ⅰ.词汇语境练
1．Let's postpone(延迟) launching the campaign until we have made full preparations.
2．As is indicated(显示) in the picture, a boy is sitting at the table, absorbed in reading.
3．When I was a child, I used to imagine that there was a crystal palace beneath(在……下面) the river.
4．The lively dance heightened the joyous atmosphere of the scene(场面)．
5．Such harmful things as plastics(塑料) and used batteries should not be mixed with other wastes.
6．Word came around two in the afternoon that the servant and the judge had made a bet(打赌)．
7．Just as is known to everyone, the basis(base) of a good marriage is trust.
8．He offered an apology(apologise)to the public for the team's performance.
9．I hold the strong belief that he can make a proper judg(e)ment(judge) on the whole event.
10．You must have the patience(patient) to do some changes to achieve the final goal.
Ⅱ.固定用法练
1．While wandering there，he spotted a boy drawing(draw) on the wall.
2．There's enough information indicating(indicate) that he has enough patience.
3．Judging(judge) from the symptoms(症状), I realised it wasn't just the stomach flu again.
4．Because of the bad weather, we postpone holding(hold) the meeting.
5．We were on the point of heading to the beauty spot when we heard cries for help.
6．When we found the road blocked(block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
7．It was in 2021 that the young man went to Beijing for the first time.
8．About five minutes later，the policemen arrived at the spot where the accident had happened.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Young Americans Are Less
Wealthy than Their Parents
The cost of living in the United States is going up, notes writer Alissa Quartz. As is reported in New York Post, Quartz points to “the costs of housing, education and health care in particular”. At the same time, a new study, the report of which is called “The Fading American Dream” found that half of Americans born in the 1980s are falling behind their parents economically.
These findings show that many younger adults are experiencing “downward mobility”. In other words, they are not doing as well economically as their parents were at the same age. The idea of downward mobility is especially troubling for Americans, writes Robert Samuelson in The Washington Post. He says most U．S. citizens believe that, over time, the amount of money they earn will rise and life will get easier.
Alissa Quartz wrote a book about the financial difficulties of Americans. In the book, Quartz tells about teachers who are struggling to pay for regular costs. One high school teacher drives for ride sharing service Uber at night to earn more money. He corrects students' papers between riders.
A college professor turned to government assistance to feed her child and pay for a doctor. Quartz says even lawyers increasingly cannot earn an income that enables them to meet their needs. The problem of decreasing incomes in their field is made worse by debt they may have from law school. Quartz and the economists who studied these issues say many things have led to lower incomes and downward mobility. The economic recession(衰退) of 2007 to 2009 is partly to blame, they say. Modern technology also plays a part. Quartz says robots threaten to reduce the earnings of health care workers, reporters, and people who work at supermarkets, drug stores and tax preparation services. In The Washington Post, Robert Samuelson noted that poor schools, a weak housing industry and too many government rules are also to blame.
With all these things, and more, partly responsible, what is the solution These experts say the answer is complex. But all point to one issue that needs to be examined: economic inequality. Quartz writes that while America is one of the richest countries in the world, it also has one of the biggest divides between the wealthy and the poor.
The researchers in “The Fading American Dream” study make a similar observation. They say raising GDP will not significantly improve the economic situation of most Americans. A higher GDP may help only those who are already doing well. Instead, the economists say, the United States could try to repeat something Americans born in the 1940s experienced. As those children grew up, they almost all benefited from a better economy.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章指出美国现在年轻人的经济条件远比不上他们父母在他们这个年纪时的经济状况。文中提出了老师在经济上的困难作为例子，而造成这一情况的原因非常复杂，GDP的上升只不过对于那些情况已经很好的人有所帮助而已。经济学家指出，美国可以效仿40年代美国人所经历的事，或许可以使下一代获利。
1．The author mentions two reports in Paragraph 1 in order to .
A．explain the results of two researches
B．introduce his opinions about the issue
C．attract readers' attention to health care
D．lead to the topic of downward mobility
解析：推理判断题。文章第一段提出了两个报道，在《纽约邮报》的报道中指出在住房、教育、医疗等方面的花费较多，在“消逝的美国梦”这一报道中指出约有五成的80后美国人在经济上不如他们的父母。文章第一段提出这两个报道作为本文的论点，用以引出后文的论据。文章第二段中的“These findings show that many younger adults are experiencing ‘downward mobility’．”指代的第一段提到的两个报道，而这两个报道是关于“downward mobility”的。故选D项。
答案：D
2．What's the main idea of Paragraph 4
A．The causes of downward mobility.
B．The influences of government rules.
C．The negative effects of modern technology.
D．The results of economic recession in America.
解析：段落大意题。该段首先提出了两个例子，一是大学教授要申请政府补助来养小孩、看医生，二是一些律师也要还在法律学校时的账单。Quartz和一些研究此现象的经济学家指出引发低收入和经济衰退的原因是非常复杂的，接着又进行举例，如2007—2009年的经济衰退，现代科技的发展可能会减少某些工作人员的收入。《华盛顿邮报》中，罗伯特·萨缪尔森指出，糟糕的学校、疲软的房地产业以及太多的政府规定也是引发低收入和经济衰退的原因。所以本段主要是分析“向下流动”的原因。故选A项。
答案：A
3．The author indicates in this passage that .
A．raising GDP will greatly help the poor
B．American economy has a bright future
C．young Americans will repeat their parents' experience
D．it's necessary to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor
解析：细节理解题。文中最后一段提到“A higher GDP may help only those who are already doing well.”GDP的增长只会有利于那些情况还不错的人，不会帮助穷人，A项错误。文中第一段提到“The Fading American Dream”这一报道，已经是“消逝的美国梦”，美国经济未来堪忧，B项错误。文中第二段提到“they are not doing as well economically as their parents were at the same age”现在的美国人无法达到他们父母在这个年纪时取得的经济成就，C项错误。文中第五段提到“...what is the solution These experts say the answer is complex. But all point to one issue that needs to be examined: economic inequality.”解决经济问题的答案虽然很复杂，但是有一项是必须要解决的，即贫富差距。故选D项。
答案：D
Ⅳ.七选五
Last November, Michelle McGagh, a 34－year－old journalist, looked at her finances and discovered that every year she spent a lot of money unnecessarily. 1 She allowed herself ￡30 a week to buy food and household essentials. But she couldn't spend money on anything else—no clothes, no buses or flights, and no meals out.
At first, she tried to see her friends as often as before. She cycled 120 miles to be at a friend's wedding, and camped in their garden to avoid paying for accommodation. 2 But she couldn't join them for dinner in a restaurant, and when they went to the pub, she drank tap water.In the end, she simply went out less, which made her feel a bit lonely.
Of course, she couldn't afford to go abroad, so she missed a trip to Brazil. 3 Here, for the first and only time in the year, she bought food that she had not cooked herself—a bag of chips for ￡1.95.
At the end of the year, she had saved ￡23,000. She was much slimmer and fitter.She says she now feels freer and happier, because she appreciates the simple things in life. 4 But she learned the hard way that you can't really socialise if you don't want to spend money.The evening after her year long challenge ended, she bought all her friends a drink in the pub.But she has not gone back to her past spending habits. 5 “Whenever you open your wallet, think about whether what you are buying is something you need or something you want，” says McGagh.
A．Why did she decide to take up this challenge
B．So what's her key tip for those who want to save
C．She occasionally pays to socialise and go on holiday.
D．She also gained confidence and a sense of adventure.
E．So she made a plan: to stop spending money like that for a year.
F．The following weekend, she rode 60 miles to meet some friends.
G．Her only travel was a cycling trip to East Anglia, where again she camped.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了34岁的记者Michelle McGagh发现自己每年都要花很多不必要的钱，所以她改变消费习惯一年后发生了改变，文章最后也提及她对于省钱的建议。
1．解析：根据上文“discovered that every year she spent a lot of money unnecessarily”可知，Michelle McGagh发现自己花了很多不必要的钱，结合下文“She allowed herself ￡30 a week to buy food and household essentials.”可知，她应是为自己制定了消费计划，E项“所以她制定了一个计划：一年之内不再像那样花钱。”符合语境。
答案：E
2．解析：根据下文“But she couldn't join them for dinner in a restaurant”可知，上文应是提到them指代的具体人群，F项“接下来的周末，她骑了60英里去见几个朋友。”符合语境，下句的them指代F项中的friends。
答案：F
3．解析：根据上文“Of course, she couldn't afford to go abroad, so she missed a trip to Brazil.”可知，她因支付不起而错过了巴西之行，根据下文“Here, for the first... for ￡1.95.”可知，空处应是承接上文，描述她没去巴西转而去了别的地方旅行，G项“她唯一的一次旅行是骑自行车去东安格利亚，在那里她又露营了一次。”符合语境。
答案：G
4．解析：根据上文“She was much slimmer... the simple things in life.”可知，此处是描述她通过一年的坚持而发生的改变，D项“她也获得了自信和冒险精神。”符合语境。
答案：D
5．解析：根据下文她说的话“Whenever you open your wallet... something you want”可知，下文是她对省钱的建议，B项“那么，对于那些想要存钱的人，她的关键建议是什么呢？”符合语境。
答案：B
Ⅴ.完形填空
My life as a tax paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy's father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 1 little bunny(兔子) cakes for all its 2 throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 3 help during our spring break, for which I had no 4 beyond listening to my favorite records. I'd 5 minimum wage. I'd see how a factory 6 . My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy's dad with their 7 .
Our 8 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing(糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 9 bunny from the belt. This was 10 than it sounds. 11 a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high pressure than I'd 12 .
Dad 13 . The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood 14 food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 15 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在一次春假时去工厂打工的经历。
1．A.sold B．ordered
C．made D．reserved
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我最好的朋友贝琪的父亲是霍夫面包厂的经理，在复活节期间，这家面包厂为克利夫兰的所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。sell销售；order订购；make制作；reserve预订。根据下文“Our 8 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing(糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 9 bunny from the belt.”可知，作者的工作是制作小兔子蛋糕。由此推知，这家面包厂为克利夫兰的所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选C项。
答案：C
2．A.stores B．families
C．schools D．citizens
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。store商店；family家庭；school学校；citizen市民。根据下文“throughout Cleveland”并结合生活常识可知，这里指的是这家面包厂为克利夫兰的所有商店制作小兔子蛋糕。故选A项。
答案：A
3．A.generous B．financial
C．technical D．temporary
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：春假期间，市中心的工厂恰巧需要八个孩子临时帮忙，我在此期间除了听我最喜欢的唱片之外没有别的计划。generous慷慨的；financial财政的；technical技术的；temporary临时的。根据下文“during our spring break”可知，这是一份临时的工作。故选D项。
答案：D
4．A.plans B．problems
C．excuses D．hobbies
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。plan计划；problem问题；excuse借口；hobby爱好。根据下文“beyond listening to my favorite records”可知，作者没有其他计划。故选A项。
答案：A
5．A.offer B．earn
C．set D．suggest
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我将会赚到最低的工资。offer提供；earn赚取；set放置；suggest建议。根据下文“minimum wage”可知，作者赚到的是最低工资。故选B项。
答案：B
6．A.worked B．closed
C．developed D．survived
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我将会看到一个工厂是如何运作的。work运作；close关闭；develop发展；survive幸存。根据上文“I'd see how a factory”可知，此处表示作者将会看到工厂是如何运作的。故选A项。
答案：A
7．A.ambition B．permission
C．experience D．invitation
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父母认为这件事是一个好主意，他们同意了并且打电话给贝琪的父亲。ambition抱负；permission允许；experience经历；invitation邀请。根据下文“Our 8 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing(糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 9 bunny from the belt.”可知，作者已经了解在工厂的具体工作了，所以是得到了父母的同意。故选B项。
答案：B
8．A.joys B．ideas
C．roles D．choices
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在工厂的职责很简单：把蛋糕放在移动的传送带上……把兔子从传送带上拿下来。joy欢乐；idea观点；role职责；choice选择。根据下文“Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing(糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 9 bunny from the belt.”可知，这是作者他们的工作职责。故选C项。
答案：C
9．A.Save B．Keep
C．Stop D．Remove
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。save节省；keep保持；stop停止；remove移动。根据下文“bunny from the belt”可知，这里表示把兔子从传送带上拿下来。故选D项。
答案：D
10．A.harder B．better
C．longer D．cheaper
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比听起来难多了。harder更难的；better更好的；longer更长的；cheaper更便宜的。根据下文“As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high pressure than I'd 12 .”可知，这项工作比听起来更难。故选A项。
答案：A
11．A.Calm down B．Slow down
C．Stay on D．Move on
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：慢下来，蛋糕就会堆起来。calm down平静下来；slow down慢下来；stay on继续停留；move on往前移动。根据下文“and the cakes pile up”可知，这里表示如果工作慢下来，就会造成蛋糕堆积的状况。故选B项。
答案：B
12．A.indicated B．witnessed
C．expected D．remembered
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如我在第一个晚上吃饭的时候告诉父母的那样，一切都比我预料的压力更大。indicate表明；witness目击；expect预料；remember记得。根据上文“This was 10 than it sounds. 11 a bit and the cakes pile up.”可知，工作的实际情况比作者预料的有更多压力。故选C项。
答案：C
13．A.cried B．smiled
C．hesitated D．refused
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：父亲笑了。cry哭；smile微笑；hesitate犹豫；refuse拒绝。根据下文“The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood 14 food in Bernardsville, New Jersey.”并结合生活常识可知，父亲听到作者在第一次挣钱的经历中有所感悟，联想到自己童年时类似的经历，所以父亲笑了。故选B项。
答案：B
14．A.tasting B．finding
C．sharing D．delivering
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年的夏天都在新泽西州的伯纳兹维尔送货。taste品尝；find找到；share分享；deliver递送。根据上文“The son of a grocer”并结合生活常识可知，父亲作为一个杂货商的儿子，他童年应该会送货。故选D项。
答案：D
15．A.withdraw B．donate
C．receive D．appreciate
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，这种工作能让你珍视得到的报酬，并尊重那些从事这项工作的人。withdraw撤退；donate捐赠；receive收到；appreciate珍视。根据下文“the dollars you earned”并结合生活常识可知，此处指作者会珍视自己劳动得到的报酬。故选D项。
答案：D
Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures
基础　　记忆
项目一　必会单词
Ⅰ.单词匹配
1．obligation　　　　 A．歌剧
2．nowhere B．义务；职责；责任
3．opera C．拥抱；抱紧
4．hug D．无处；哪里都不
答案：1.B　2.D　3.A　4.C
Ⅱ.核心单词
1．intention n．打算；计划；意图；目的→intend vt.计划；打算→intentional adj.故意的；策划的
2．extent n．程度；限度；大小；范围
3．musical n．音乐剧　adj.音乐的；喜爱音乐的→music n．音乐；乐曲→musician n．音乐家
4．pursue vt.追求；致力于
5．hesitate vi.犹豫；迟疑；顾虑；踌躇→hesitation n．犹豫；踌躇
6．eventually adv.最后；终于→eventual adj.最后的
以 c结尾的名词＋ al构成形容词
logic→logical 符合逻辑的
music→musical 音乐的
clinic→clinical 临床的
classic→classical 古典的
项目二　必记短语
1．in case 以防；以防万一
2．to...extent 到……程度；在……程度上
3．on duty 值班；值勤
4．right now 现在
5．in the end 最后；终于
6．to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是
7．be stuck in 陷入，困住
8．now that 既然
1．“在某种程度上”短语一览
in a/one way
in some ways
to some/a certain extent/degree
in part
2．“on＋n.”短语一览
on business 出差
on fire 着火
on holiday 度假
on duty 值班
on purpose 故意
on sale 廉价出售
on guard 站岗
3．“in the＋n.”短语一览
in the air 在流传中；在空中
in the distance 在远处
in the meanwhile 与此同时
in the way 挡道
in the end 最后
in the least 丝毫；极少
项目三　教材原句
I was so surprised at the news that David would play the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy.
听到戴维要在剧中扮演恐龙角色的消息，我非常惊讶，高兴地拥抱了他。
词汇　　精讲
1．intention n．打算；计划；意图；目的
[归纳拓展]
(1)with an/the intention of 抱有……的目的；打算……
with the intention to do sth. 打算做某事
have no intention of doing sth. 无意做某事
(2)intend vt.打算；计划
intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
had intended to do sth./intended to have done sth. 本来打算做某事
(3)be intended to do sth. 打算做某事
be intended for sb./sth. 专门用于某人/某
[佳句背诵]
I have walked for days with the intention to see if my elder brother still lives here.
我走了好几天，想看看我哥哥是否还住在这里。
[巧学活用]
单句语法填空
①The intention(intend) of the activity is to make us aware of the importance of environment protection.
②I had intended(intend) to catch the early train, but I didn't get up in time.
③[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]The GPNP is intended to provide(provide) stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
④To improve our English and get mor

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