资源简介 【25春】七年级下册英语知识梳理——新人教版Unit 1 Animal friends【重点单词】1.fox /f ks/ n.狐狸2.giraffe / rɑ f/n.长颈鹿3.eagle / i ɡ l/n.雕;鹰4.wolf /w lf/n.狼5.penguin / pe ɡw n/n.企鹅6.care /ke /n.照顾;护理 v.关心;在乎7.take care of照顾处理8.sandwich / s nw /n.三明治9.snake /sne k/n.蛇10.scary / ske ri/adj.吓人的;恐吓的11.neck /nek/n.脖子12.guess /ges/v.猜测;估计13.shark / ɑ k/n.鲨鱼14.whale /we l/n.鲸15.huge /hju /adj.巨大的;极多的16.dangerous / de n r s/adj.危险的;有危害的17.save /se v/v.教;储蓄;保存18.luck /l k/n.幸运;运气19.Thai /ta /adj.泰国的;泰国人的 n.泰国人;泰语20.trunk /tr k/n.象鼻21.pick /p k/v.捡;摘22.pick up拿起;举起23.carry / k ri/v.拿;提24.playful / ple f l/adj.爱嬉戏的;爱玩的25.swimmer / sw m /n.游泳者26.one another 互相27.look after照顾28.culture / k l / n.文化;文明29.however /ha ev / adv.然而;不过30.danger / de n / n. 危险31.in danger处于危险中32.forest / f r st/ n.森林33.cut down砍伐;减少34.too many太多35.kill /k l/ v.杀死;弄死36.made of 由…制成的37.ivory / a v ri/n.象牙38.friendly / frendli/adj.友好的39.quite /kwa t/ adv.相当;完全40.quite a few相当;非常41.not…at all一点也不;完全不42.fur /f /.软毛43.blind /bla nd/adj.瞎的;失明的44.hearing / h r / n. 听力;听觉【重点短语】1.照顾他们的孩子 take care of their babies2.像其他的鸟儿一样飞 fly like other birds3.可以快速地游 swim fast4.他们走路的方式 how they walk5.挨着站在一起 stand close together6.帮助他们保持温暖 help them keep warm7.对…没有好处 be good for8.来自 be from=come from9.很吓人 be scary10.和你的伙伴分享你的观点share your ideas with11.生活在泰国 live in Thailand12.好运的象征 a symbol of good luck13.我们的国家级动物 our national animal14.看起来和其他的动物不同 look different from other15.有大大的耳朵和长长的象鼻 have large ears and16.看起来像 be like=look like17.捡起;拾起 pick up18.用他们的鼻子提重的东西carry heavy things with their trunks19.在某些方面 in some ways20.优秀的游泳者 great swimmers21.例如 for example22.照顾其他的大象 look after other elephants23.泰国生活和文化的重要的一部分 an important part of Thai life and culture24.处于危险当中 be in danger25.砍伐大量的树木 cut down too many trees26.为了他们的象牙而杀死大象 kill elephants for their ivory27.保护森林 save the forests28.由象牙制成的东西 things made of ivory29.非常大的 quite a big30.一点也不让人害怕 not scary at all31.帮助我探路 help me find my way32.友好的朋友 friendly friends1.狼们能很好地照顾他们的孩子们。(P2)Wolves take good care of their babies.2.---你喜欢狼吗? ---不,不喜欢。狼非常危险。---Do you like wolves ---No, I don’t. They’re very dangerous. (P3)3.---为什么你如此喜欢他们? ---因为他们非常可爱。---Why do you like them so much ---Because they’re very cute.4.---企鹅来自哪里? ---他们来自南极洲。(P5)---Where are penguins from ---They’re from Antarctica.5.---你为什么不喜欢蛇? ----因为他们非常可怕。(P5)---Why don’t you like snakes ---Because they’re really scary.6.动物是如何成为我们生活中的一部分的?(P6)How are animals part of our lives 7.它们也是这里好运的一种象征。(P6)They are also a symbol of good luck here.8.大象看起来和其他的动物不同。他们很大。他们有大大的耳朵和长长的鼻子。他们可以用他们的鼻子捡起和提起重重的东西。(P6)Elephants look very different from other animals. They are huge. They have large ears and long trunks. They can pick up and carry heavy things with their trunks.9.大象在某些方面和我们很像。(P6)Elephants are like us in some ways.10.他们爱玩并且喜欢在水里玩。他们是优秀的游泳者。(P6)They are very playful and love to play in the water. They are great swimmers.11.大象是泰国的生活和文化的重要的组成部分。(P6)Elephants are an important part of Thai life and culture.12.然而,他们处于危险当中。(P6)However, they are in danger.13.他们生活在森林里,但是人们砍伐了太多的树木。(P6)They live in forests, but people cut down too many trees.14.人们也会为了象牙杀死大象。(P6)People also kill elephants for their ivory.15.让我们一起保护森林,不再买用象牙制成的东西。(P6)Lets save the forests and not buy things made of ivory.16.它是一条相当大的狗,但是她一点也不可怕。(P7)She is quite a big dog, but she is not scary at all。17.她也是很特别的。你看,我看不见。(P7)She is also very special. You see, I am blind.一 特殊疑问句1.特殊疑问句的定义 以疑问词开头,对某一具体信息进行提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。 趣味语法2.常用疑问词的含义及用法what 什么 询问事物的名称、内容、性质等where 在哪里 询问地点、位置why 为什么 询问原因、理由who 谁 对人进行提问whose 谁的 询问物品的所属关系which 哪一个;哪一些 在多个事物中进行选择时提问when 什么时候;何时 询问时间点或时间段how 怎样;如何 询问方式、方法。程度等Whose book is this 这是谁的书?Which one do you like 你喜欢哪一个?When is your birthday 你的生日是在什么时候? How do you go to school 你怎么去上学?3.特殊疑问句的句型结构(1)若疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其句型结构为“疑问词(+主语)+谓语动词+其他成分?”。Mary likes shopping on the Internet. 玛丽喜欢网上购物。Who likes shopping on the Internet谁喜欢网上购物 Kate's bike is broken. 凯特的自行车坏了。-Whose bike is broken 谁的自行车坏了?(2)若疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其句型结构为“疑问词+一般疑问句?”。Mr Smith works in Shanghai. 史密斯先生在上海工作。 Where does Mr Smith work 史密斯先生在哪里工作? 二 形容词形容词是用以说明事物或人的性质或特征的词。形容词可修饰名词或代词,通常在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。具体用法见下表:在句中所作成分 用法定语 当修饰名词时,常置于所修饰的名词之前;当修饰不定代词(something/ anything/nothing/someone等)时,常置于所修饰的不定代词之后表语 置于系动词(be/look/sound等)之后,与主语一起构成“主语+系动词+表语”结构,说明主语的性质或特征,可以被程度副词very,too 等修饰宾语补足语 置于宾语之后说明宾语的性质、特点 She is a nice girl. 她是一个善良的女孩。(作定语)I have something important to tell 我有重要的事情要告诉你。(作定语)The dish tastes very good.这道菜尝起来非常好吃。(作表语)The question is too difficult.这个问题Please keep the room clean.请保持房间干净。(作宾语补足语)三 名词的复数 1.可数名词单数变成复数形式的规则变化规则 举例 备注一般在词尾直接加-s desk-desks书桌 pen-pens钢笔 boy-boys男孩 清辅音后的s 读/s/,浊辅音和元音后的s读/z/以s, x, ch,sh等结尾的词,在词尾加-es bus-buses公共汽车 box-boxes箱子 watch-watches手表 wish-wishes 愿望 es 读/iz/ 注意:以ch结尾但不发/tf/的可数名词不适用此规则。如:stomach--stomachs 胃以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i,再加-es story-stories故事 photo-photos 照片 baby—babies婴儿 ies读/iz/ 以o结尾的 词有的加-s, 有的加-es photo--photos 照片 zoo--zoos动物园 potato-potatoes土豆 tomato --tomatoes西红柿 hero-heroes英雄 结尾的s或es 都读/z/以f或fe结尾的词,把f或fe变v,再加-es knife--knives 刀 shelf--shelves 架子 leaf--leaves 叶子 ves读/vz/2.可数名词单数变成复数形式的特殊变化类别类别 举例 备注词尾发生变化 child-children儿童 由man或woman 与另一个可数名词组成的复合名词变为复数时,两部分都发生变化。如:women teachers 女教师 men doctors男医生改变词中的字母 man—men 男人 woman-women女人 foot—feet 脚 tooth—teeth 牙齿 mouse—mice 老鼠单复数同形 Chinese-Chinese中国人 sheep—sheep 绵羊 deer —deer 鹿Section A Why do you like animals 1、wolf狼(教材第2页,1a)【详解】wolf〔可数名词〕狼 复数形式为 wolves。 three wolves 三匹狼2、Wolves take good care of their babies.狼很好地照顾它们的幼崽。(教材第2页,1c)【详解】(1)take care of;照顾;处理。其后可接名词或代词作宾语。 take good care of好好照顾 Can you help me take care of my little sister 你能帮我照顾我的妹妹吗? You must take good care of yourself and keep healthy. 你一定要好好照顾自己,保持健康。【拓展】take care 小心;注意(= be careful/look out) Take care! It's dangerous here. 小心!这儿危险。care ① (不可数名词〕照顾;护理 They share the care of the children. 他们共同照顾孩子。②〔动词〕关心;在乎 care about关心,关怀;在乎 care for非常喜欢;照顾 I know my parents care about me. 我知道我父母关心我。 I don't care about what you'll say. 我不在乎你会说什么。 She cares for her sick father. 她照顾她生病的父亲。3、What's your favourite animal 你最喜欢的动物是什么?(教材第2页,1d)【详解】What's sb's favourite+名词 ? 某人最喜欢的···是什么? 可与“What+名词+is sb's favourite ”或“What+名词+do/does sb like best ”相互转换,用来询问某人最喜欢的事物。答语常用“Sb's favourite.is../Sb like(s)..best. /It's..”或直接回答最喜欢的事物。What's your favourite colour 你最喜欢的颜色是什么?=What colour is your favourite =What colour do you like best -What's Tom's favourite food 汤姆最喜欢的食物是什么? -It's milk. 是牛奶。4、Why do you like monkeys 你为什么喜欢猴子?(教材第2页,ld)【详解】Why do/does sb like sth 某人为什么喜欢某物?此句型用why引导特殊疑问句,用来询问某人喜欢某事物的原因。答语通常为“Because+句子.”。-Why do you like giraffes 你为什么喜欢长颈鹿?-Because they are very beautiful. 因为它们很漂亮。5、Yes,they look lovely/amazing.是的,它们看起来很可爱/令人惊叹。(教材第3页,2a)【详解】look①〔连系动词〕看起来;后接形容词作表语。The two children look happy. 那两个孩子看上去很开心。②〔不及物动词〕看,瞧look at看look for 寻找Look! What is Jim doing 看!吉姆正在做什么?Look at the picture, please. 请看这幅画。I'm looking for my pen. 我正在找我的钢笔。③〔名词〕外观;外表 表示“相貌,容貌”时用复数形式looks。 She has her father's good looks. 她有父亲俊秀的容貌。6、They can't fly like other birds, but they can swim fast. 它们不能像其他鸟一样飞,但它们能游得很快。(教材第3页,2a)【详解】like①〔介词〕相似,像,类似;其后跟名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。其反义词为unlike(不像)。look like 看起来像be like像The old man cries like a child. 这位老人哭得像个孩子一样。The little girl looks like her mother. 那个小女孩看起来像她的母亲。She is very like her sister. 她很像她姐姐。②〔及物动词〕喜欢;其后常跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式,也可跟动词不定式。其反义词为 dis-like(不喜欢)。 like doing/to do sth喜欢做某事 I like reading books very much. 我非常喜欢读书。7、Where are they from 它们来自哪里?(教材第3页,2a)【详解】Where+be+主语+from ···来自哪里?回答这一句型要用“主语+be from+地点.”。-Where are you from 你来自哪里?-I'm from Tianjin. 我来自天津。【拓展】“Where+be+主语+from ”相当于“Where +助动词+主语+come from ”。be from来自(相当于 come from)-Where is the girl from Where does the girl come from 这个女孩来自哪里?-She is from the USA. She comes from the USA. 她来自美国。8、It says they're from Antarctica.上面说它们来自南极洲。(教材第3页,2a)【详解】say〔及物动词〕①(书面材料或可见的东西)提供信息;指示。The sign says "No parking".标牌上写着“禁止停车”。②说;讲 强调说话的内容。say..to sb 对某人说..He says,“I'm fine.” 他说:“我很好。”Do you say "please"and "thank you" 你说“请”和“谢谢你”吗 9、It helps them keep warm.这能帮助它们保暖。(教材第3页,2a)【详解】help sb(to)do sth帮助某人做某事可以与 help sb with sth 进行互换。I often help him to )learn English. =I often help him with his English. 我经常帮他学英语。【拓展】help do sth 帮助做某事 help with sth 帮着做某事Lingling helps sweep the floor every day. 玲玲每天帮着扫地。He likes to help with the housework. 他喜欢帮着做家务。10、It's not good for them.这对它们不好。(教材第3页,2a)【详解】be good for对······有益;对······有好处for为介词,后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。其反义短语为 be bad for,意为“对···有害;对··有坏处”。Milk is good for us.牛奶对我们有好处。Taking a walk every day is good for our health.每天散步对我们的健康有好处。It's bad for your eyes to read in the sun. 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。【拓展】与good相关的短语: be good with 善于应付······的 be good at 擅长.be good to 对······好 Teachers must be good with the children. 老师必须善于应付孩子们。 I am good at playing the piano. 我擅长弹钢琴。 Be good to him,OK 好,行?11、What does it look like /How does it look 它长什么样?/它看起来怎么样?(教材第4页,2d)【详解】What do/does.look like ······长什么样?这是询问外貌的常用句型,相当于“How do/does...look "-What does your father look like =How does your father look 你父亲长什么样?-He's tall and strong. 他又高又壮。【拓展】What is sb like 某人是个什么样的人? 常用来询问人的性格,有时也可询问外貌。-What's she like 她是个什么样的人?-She is very friendly. 她很友好。12、Because they're really scary.因为它们很吓人。(教材第5页,3a)【详解】scary〔形容词〕吓人的;恐怖的常说明事物所具有的特征。The snake is really scary. 蛇很吓人。【拓展】scared〔形容词〕害怕的;恐惧的常说明人的感受。be scared of 害怕··be scared to do sth 害怕做某事He was scared of snakes. 他害怕蛇。The little girl is scared to cross the road by herself. 这个小女孩害怕独自过马路。13、Guess!猜猜!(教材第5页,3b)【详解】guess〔动词〕猜测;估计;后面可接名词、代词或从句。I can only guess the reason. 我只能猜测理由。I guess (that) he is right. 我想他是正确的。【拓展】I guess so意为“我想是的”,表示同意对方的观点或看法;I guess not 意为“我想不是”,表示不同意对方的观点或看法。Section B How are animals part of our lives 1、How to Save Elephants如何拯救大象(教材第6页,1b)【详解】save①〔及物动词〕救;救助。后接名词或代词作宾语。 save one's life 挽救某人的生命 save sb/sth from..从..中救起某人/某物He saved the boy's life. 他挽救了那个男孩的生命。The policeman saved the children from the water. 那名警察把孩子们从水中救了出来。②〔及物动词〕保存;保留Please save the photos to your USB drive. 请把这些照片保存到你的优盘里。③〔及物动词〕节省;节约Please save water. 请节约用水。We should try to save time. 我们应该设法节省时间。④〔动词〕储蓄;攒钱He works late every night to save money. 为了攒钱,他每晚都工作到很晚。I want to save for a new bike. 我想攒钱买辆新自行车。2、They are also a symbol of good luck here.在这儿,它们也是好运的象征。(教材第6页,1b)【详解】(1)a/the symbol of..·..的象征;symbol作可数名词,意为“象征,标志”。The dove is a symbol of peace. 鸽子是和平的象征。The Great Wall is the symbol of China. 长城是中国的象征。(2)luck〔不可数名词〕幸运;运气good luck 好运 bad luck 运 have no luck 没有运气 have good luck有好运 good luck to sb 祝某人好运 good luck with sth 祝某事顺利Good luck to you!祝你好运!I have luck with finding a job.我找工作很走运。【拓展】lucky〔形容词〕幸运的;运气好的He is a lucky kid. 他是个幸运的孩子。3、On 13 March, we celebrate Thai Elephant Day.在3月13日,我们庆祝泰国大象日。(教材第6页,1b)【详解】(1)辨析: on, at与inon 常用于“日期、星期几”等具体某天前,也用于具体某天的上午、下午或晚上前on June 11th 在6月11日 on Friday在星期五 on Sunday morning 在星期天上午at 常用于钟点(某时刻)前或某些固定短语中at 8:00在8点 at night 在夜晚in 常用于“月、年、季节”等前,也可用于一天中的上午、下午或晚上前in May 在5月 in2025 在2025年 in winter 在冬天 in the morning 在上午【助记】 时间介词on,at与in的用法on特指某一天,日期、星期、节日前,at用在时刻前,亦与正午、午夜连,月份、年份与季节,in须放在其前面。(2)Thai①〔形容词〕泰国的;泰国人的There's a Thai restaurant near his house. 在他家附近有一家泰式餐厅。②〔名词〕泰国人;泰语He can speak Thai. 他会说泰语。【拓展】Thailand〔专有名词〕泰国The elephant comes from Thailand. 这头大象来自泰国。4、Elephants look very different from other animals.大象看起来和其他动物很不一样。(教材第6页,1b)【详解】look different from看起来与··不同 be different from与··不同;这两个短语都表示两者之间有差异。She looks different from her sister. 她看起来和她姐姐不同。This book is different from the ones on the shelf. 这本书和架子上的书不同。【拓展】be the same as.与..·相同/一模一样This bag is the same as that one. 这个包和那个包一模一样。5、They can pick up and carry heavy things with their trunks.它们可以用象鼻捡起并搬运重物。(教材第6页,1b)【详解】(1)pick up为“动词+副词”结构,代词作宾语时必须放在pick 与up之间;名词作宾语时,可放在pick 和 up之间,也可放在up之后。①拿起;举起;捡起;拾起My pen is under your chair. Could you please pick it up for me 我的钢笔在你的椅子下面,请你帮我捡起来好吗?②搭载,接载We will pick up Susan home next morning. 我们会在明天早上接苏珊回家。Why don't you pick her up right now 你为什么不现在就接她?③接电话(=pick up the phone)The phone is ringing. Could you pick(it)up 电话响了,你能接听一下吗?(2)carry〔及物动词〕(第三人称单数:caries)①拿;提Look! Miss Wang is carrying some flowers.看!王老师正拿着一些花。Can you help me carry water 你能帮我提水吗?②扛;背;抱;运载The boy is strong enough to carry the box. 这个男孩足够强壮,能扛起这个箱子。6、Elephants are like us in some ways.大象在某些方面和我们很像。(教材第6页,1b)【详解】in some ways在某些方面way此处用作可数名词,意为“方面”。In some ways, I agree with you. 在某些方面,我同意你的意见。He is similar to his father in some ways. 在某些方面,他和他的父亲很相似。【拓展】与way相关的短语: in a way在某种程度上 by the way 顺便说一下in the way 挡道;妨碍 on the way在路上all the way 一路上;自始至终7、 They are very playful and love to play in the water.它们非常爱玩,并且喜欢在水里玩耍。(教材第6页,1b)【详解】playful〔形容词〕爱嬉戏的;爱玩的a playful monkey 一只爱玩的猴子The little boy is playful. 这个小男孩很顽皮。8、For example, they can remember one another and places with food and water after many years.例如,很多年后它们仍能记住彼此以及有食物和水的地方。(教材第6页,1b)【详解】one another相互,彼此;用作代词,在句中可作宾语。与each other 同义。Friends should help one another/each other. 朋友应该互相帮助。You should learn from one another/each other.你们应该相互学习。【拓展】 one another 与each other 均有所有格。 They know one another's/each other's weak points.他们了解彼此的弱点。9、They look after other elephants when they don't feel well.当其他大象感觉不舒服时,它们会照顾这些大象。(教材第6页,1b )【详解】look after(=take care of)look after...well =take good care of... 好好照顾......He is old enough to look after himself. 他年纪足够大,能照顾自己了。You should look after the dog well. 你应该好好照顾这只狗。=You should take good care of the dog.【注意】look after 是“动词+介词”结构,宾语无论是名词还是人称代词都要放在after之后。10 、The big elephants also help the baby ones. 成年大象也会帮助幼象。(教材第6页,1b) 【详解】辨析:one, it与thatone 泛指前面提到的“同类”人或事物中的一个,而不是“同一个”,复数形式为ones。it 指代前面提到的事物本为身,有时也指人,复数形式they或themthat 特指前文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词,常用在比较的句子中。复数形式为thoseI don't like black bikes. I want to buy a red one. 我不喜欢黑色的自行车,我想买辆红色的。She has a pen. It's black. 她有一支钢笔,它是黑色的。The weather in Beijing is different from that in Guangzhou. 北京的天气跟广州的不同。11、However, they are in danger.然而,它们处于危险之中。(教材第6页.1b)【详解】(1)辨析:however与buthowever然而;不过,副词,可位于句首、句中或句末。必须用逗号与句子隔开,比较正式,多用于书面语。but但是;连词,位于句首或句中。后面连接一个句子时无需用逗号隔开,多用于口语。Some people are very shy in public. However, others aren't.一些人在公共场合很害羞。然而,其他人不这样。I like red, but she likes green.我喜欢红色,但她喜欢绿色。(2)danger〔不可数名词〕危险 反义词为safety (安全)。in danger 处于危险之中 out of danger 脱险He's in danger. 他处于危险之中。Some animals are out of danger. 一些动物已脱离危险。【拓展】dangerous〔形容词〕有危险的;不安全的反义词为safe(安全的)。It's very dangerous to play on the road. 在马路上玩耍是很危险的。12、They live in forests, but people cut down too many trees.它们生活在森林里,但是人们砍伐了太多的树。(教材第6页,1b)【详解】(1)cut down①砍伐People cut down lots of trees every day. 每天人们都砍伐许多树。②减少We must try our best to cut down pollution. 我们必须尽最大努力减少污染。【注意】cut down是“动词+副词”结构,宾语如果是名词,可以放在cut和down中间,也可以放在down'后面;宾语如果是人称代词,则必须放在 cut和 down 中间。The apple tree is very meaningful to us.We don't want to cut it down.这棵苹果树对我们来说很有意义。我们不想把它砍倒。(2)too many太多;修饰可数名词复数。There are too many books in the library. 图书馆里有太多的书。There are too many people in the room. 房间里有太多的人。13、Let's save the forests and not buy things made of ivory.让我们拯救森林,不要购买象牙制品。(教材第6页,1b)【详解】(1)过去分词(短语)作后置定语 此处made of ivory(由象牙制成的)为过去分词短语,作后置定语,修饰前面的名词things。过去分词用作定语表示被动,如果是一个词,通常放在被修饰词的前面;如果是过去分词短语,则要放在被修饰词的后面。I love the toy made of cloth. 我喜欢这个布做的玩具。I like books written by Lu Xun. 我喜欢鲁迅写的书。I have a friend named Mary. 我有一个叫玛丽的朋友。(2)辨析: be made of与 be made from二者都可意为“由··制成的”,区别如下:be made of 从制成品中能看出原材料be made from 从制成品中看不出原材料The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是用木头制作的。Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是用葡萄制成的。14、friendly友好的(教材第7页,2a)【详解】friendly〔形容〕好的其反义词为unfriendly“不友好的”。be friendly to sb对某人友好 be friendly with sb和某人关系好The Chinese people are very friendly. 中国人民非常友好。My classmates are all friendly to me. 我的同学都对我很友好。He is friendly with everyone in his team. 他和队里的每个人关系都很好。15、My dog, Xiaohua, is part of the family.我的狗,小花,是家庭的一部分。(教材第7页,2a)【详解】part of.···的一部分,它强调一个整体中的一部分,后面通常接名词或代词。These books are part of my collection. 这些书是我收藏的一部分。【拓展】a part of···的一部分,强调某一个特定的部分。Reading is a part of my daily life. 阅读是我日常生活的一部分。16、She is quite a big dog, but she is not scary at all!她是一只相当大的狗,但她一点也不吓人!(教材第7页,2a)【详解】(1)quite a当;非常。后面通常接可数名词单数形式。She is quite a beautiful girl. 她是个相当漂亮的女孩。This book is quite a useful one. 这本书是相当有用的一本。【拓展】①quite〔副词〕相当;非常修饰形容词或副词。She is quite beautiful. 她相当漂亮。He runs quite fast. 他跑得非常快。② quite a few 相当多;修饰可数名词复数形式。quite a few friends 很多朋友③ quite a lot of 大量;许多;修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。He has quite a lot of friends. 他的朋友很多。quite a lot of money 一大笔钱(2)not..at all一点也不;完全不;通常用来对某个陈述进行强烈的否定,加强语气。not 一般与连系动词be、助动词或情态动词连用,而 at all位于句末。I am not tired at all. 我一点也不累。She doesn't like it at all. 她根本不喜欢它。17、You see, I am blind.你看,我是盲人。(教材第7页,2a)【详解】blind〔形容词〕瞎的;失明的,其主语是人而非眼睛,若说明右眼或左眼失明应用“sb+ be + blind + in one's/the /right/left eye".There is a school for blind children next to the library. 图书馆旁边有一所盲童学校。He is blind in both eyes. 他双目失明。She's almost blind in her right eye. 她右眼近乎失明。【拓展】the blind盲人,指一类人,表示复数概念。The blind often have good hearing.盲人往往有好的听力。18 、She helps me walk to school and stay safe.她帮助我走到学校并保持安全。(教材第7页,2a)【详解】(1)walk to...指通过步行的方式到达某个地点,相当于go to...on foot.She likes to walk to the park after dinner. 她喜欢晚饭后步行去公园。I walk to school every day.我每天步行去上学。=I go to school on foot every day.(2)stay①〔连系动词〕保持;维持;后面通常接形容词作表语,表示保持某种状态或情况。 stay safe 保持安全 stay healthy 保持健康②〔不及物动词〕停留;待;常与表示场所的副词或短语连用。若与地点名词连用,则stay后加介词。 stay here/there 待在这里/那里 stay at home 待在家里动物朋友 本单元的话题是“动物朋友”。与此相关的写作任务是介绍自己最喜欢的一种动物。写此类作文时,可以从这种动物的名称、外貌特征以及自己喜欢的原因等方面介绍。写作时常用一般现在时。 常用句型: My favourite animal is......is my favourite animal. I like/love...because... It can... It looks...【写作实例】 你曾经去动物园看过动物吗?请你介绍一下自己最喜欢的一种动物。要求:1.以“My Favourite Animal”为题,围绕主题展开; 2.语句通顺,表意贴切,无语法错误; 3.不少于60词。【思路点拨】【教材典句】The elephant is my favourite animal.(SB,1b)I love elephants because they are strong and clever.(SB,1b)They look after other elephants when they don’t feel well.(SB,1b)【经典范文】My Favourite Animal The panda is my favourite animal.I love pandas because they are nice and lovely. You can see them in many zoos in the world. They are all from China. They like eating bamboo and they can eat 10 kilos of bamboo a day. When we see them,they are always eating. Pandas are white and black and their eyes, ears and legs are black. They look very smart. Many people like them. Do you love pandas 【亮点点评】①用“..is my favourite animal.”点明自己最喜欢的动物。②用“I love.because...” 说明自己喜欢的原因。③用be from 介绍大熊猫来自哪里。④用含有when的复合句,说明大熊猫爱吃东西的特点。七年级下册初中英语知识梳理 新人教版Unit 2 No Rules, No Order【重点单词】1.rule /ru l/ n.规则;规章2.order / d / n.秩序 v.点菜3.follow / f l / v.遵循;跟随4.be late for迟到5.arrive / ra v/ v.到达6.on time准时7.hallway /h lwe / n.走廊8.uniform / ju n f m/ n.校服;制服9.litter / l t /v.乱扔 n.垃圾10.polite /p la t/adj.有礼貌的11.treat /tri t/ v.对待;招待;治疗 n.款待12.respect /r sp kt/ n.&v.尊敬13.if / f/ conj.如果14.jacket / k t/ n.夹克衫;短上衣15.have to不得不16.everything / evriθ / pron.每件事;一切17.lend /lend/ v.借给;借出18.sweet /swi t/n.糖果 adj.甜的19.snack /sne k/ n.点心;小吃20.of course当然21.mobile / m ba l/ adj.可移动的22.mobile phone手机23.turn off关掉24.queue /kju /n.队25.jump the queue插队26.wait for等待27.just / st/ adv.只是;正好28.leave /li v/ v.离开;留下29.absent / bs nt/ adj.缺席的;不在的30.be absent from缺席;不在31.shh inter.嘘32.quietly / kwa tli/ adv.轻声地;安静地33.belt /b lt/ n.安全带;腰带;皮带34.feed /fi d/ v.喂养;饲养35.noise /n z/ n.声音;噪声36.unhappy / n h pi/ adj.不快乐的37.Dr博士;医生38.make sb’s/the bed整理床铺39.either / a / adv.也40.practice / pr kt s/ v.训练;练习41.hang /h / v.悬挂42.hang out闲逛;常去某处43.weekday / wi kde / n.工作日44.awful / f l/ adj.糟糕的;讨厌的45.become /b k m/ v.变成;成为46.better / bet / adj.较好的 adv.较好地47.person / p s n/ n.人48.focus / f k s/ v.集中(注意力、精力)于49.focus on 集中(注意力、精力)于50.build /b ld/ v.创建;建造51.spirit / sp r t/ n.精神;情绪52.think about思考;考虑53.relax /r l ks/ v.放松;休息54.advice / d va s/ n.建议;意见55.understand / nd st nd/ v.理解;领会56.untidy / n ta di/ adj.不整洁的【重点短语】Section A1.上学迟到 be late for school2.及时到达 arrive on time3.在走廊里 in the hallways4.穿校服 wear the school uniform5.在课堂上用手机 use your phone in class6.举手 put up your hand=raise your hand7.从周一到周五 from Monday to Friday8.遵守规则 keep the rules9.玩的开心 have fun10.借给某人某物 lend sb sth11.在课堂上吃零食 eat snacks in class12.不得不 have to13.把我们的手机带到课堂上来 bring our mobile phones to class14.关掉 turn off15.拿一块糖果 take a sweet16.用尊重来对待他人 treat one another with respect17.插队 jump the queue18.缺席 be absent from19.系安全带 put on your seat beltSection B20.在早餐之前整理我的床铺 make my bed beforebreakfast21.太多规则 too many rules22.匆忙去学校 hurry to school23.禁止使用手机 mustn’t use the phone24.练习钢琴 practice the phone25.和我的朋友闲逛 hang out my friends26.在工作日 on weekdays27.成为一个更好的人 become a better person28.展现了你对课堂和老师的尊重 show respect for you class and teacher29.集中注意于学习 focus on learning30.创建学校精神 build school spirits31.考虑 think about32.相处得好 get along well with33.学的更好 learn better34.和某人打架 fight with sb1.没有规矩不成方圆。(P9)No rules, no order.2.不要乱丢垃圾。保持你的学校干净整洁。(P10)Don’t litter. Keep your school clean and tidy.3.要有礼貌,带着尊重去对待每一个人。(P10)Be polite and treat everyone with respect.4.他们不能在课堂上吃小吃,但是他们可以喝水。他们不能把手机带到课堂上来。他们必须关掉手机并且把手机放在橱柜里。(P12)They can’t eat snacks in class, but they can drink water. They can’t bring the mobile phone to class. They must turn them off and keep them in their locker.5.不要插队。你要等到轮到你的时候。(P13)Don’t jump the queue. You have to wait for you turn.6.我们在图书馆要安静地谈论。(P13)We can talk quietly in the library.7.当你缺席这堂课时,你必须告诉老师这件事。(P13)You must tell you teacher about it when you are absent from the class.8.每天早上,我不得不在早餐之前整理好我的床铺。(P14)Every morning, I have to make my bed before breakfast.9.我不得不匆忙赶到学校因为不能迟到。(P14)I have to hurry to school because I can’t be late for school.10.当我在学校的时候,我被禁止使用手机。在课堂上也不能。(P14)When I’m in school, I mustn’t use the phone. In class either.11.我不得不穿校服。(P14)I have to wear uniforms.12.我只能在我练习完钢琴之后才能打篮球。(P14)I can only play basketball after I practice the piano.13.我不能在工作日和朋友闲逛. (P14)I can’t hang out with my friends on weekdays.14.你不能在课堂上用手机因为你需要把注意力集中在课堂上。(P14)You can’t use your phone in class because you need to focus on learning.15.规则可以让世界变得更好。(P14)Rules can help make the world better.16.不要说脏话。不要和你的同学打架。(P16)Don’t use bad words. Don’t fight with your classmates.一 祈使句1.祈使句概说 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令,因其对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常省略主语而以动词原形开头。祈使句句末使用句号或叹号来表示结束。为表示礼貌,可在句首或句末加上please。句末用please时,前面通常加逗号。Go and wash your hands. 去洗手。(命令)Be quiet, please.请安静。(请求)Be kind to your sisters.对姐妹要和善。(劝告)Watch your steps.走路小心。(警告)Look out! Danger!小心!危险!(强烈警告)Keep off the grass. 勿践踏草坪。(禁止)2.祈使句的形式(1)祈使句的肯定式:①Do型 动词原形(+宾语)+其他成分.Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。②Be型 Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分.Be a good child! 要做一个好孩子!③Let型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。Let me help you. 让我来帮你。(2)祈使句的否定式:①Do型和Be型祈使句的否定式都是在句首加don't(若句首有please,则在 please 后加 don't)。Don't forget me! 不要忘记我!Please don't be late for school! 请不要上学迟到!②Let型祈使句的否定式有两种:“Don't+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分.”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分.”。Don't let him go. /Let him not go. 别让他走。③用 no 开头,表示禁止的祈使句。No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止垂钓!【助记】祈使句的用法 祈使句,表请求, 还表命令或禁止。 主语是you常省去, 动词原形开头记。 否定形式要注意,don't放到句首去。 要讲客气用please, 句首、句末都可以。二 情态动词 can, have to 与 must1、情态动词can的用法本单元中主要讲情态动词can 表示请求或许可的用法,意为“可以,能”,否定形式can't意为“不可以,不能”。-Can I eat in the classroom 我可以在教室吃东西吗 -No, you can't, but you can eat in the dining hall. 不,你不能,但你可以在餐厅吃。We can't feed the animals in the zoo. 在动物园,我们不能喂动物。2、情态动词 have to的用法have to 表示客观需要,意思是“不得不,必须”。使用have to 时应注意以下几点:(1)have to后接动词原形,意为“不得不做···,必须做···”。You have to wash your clothes first. 你必须先洗你的衣服。(2)have to有人称、数和时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为 has to。She has to help her mum make dinner. 她不得不帮她妈妈做晚饭。(3)含有 have to, has to的句子需分别借助助动词 do, does 构成疑问句或否定句。Do they have to go home now 他们得现在回家吗?You don't have to go there now. 你不必现在去那儿。(4)have to表示“必须”时,与must意义很接近,有时可与must互换。We have to/must arrive there on time. 我们必须按时到达那里。3、情态动词must的用法(1)表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑问句中,意思是“必须,一定”;由must开头的疑问句,肯定回答一般用must,否定回答一般用needn't或 don't/doesn't have to,意思是“不必”;must的否定形式mustn't表示禁止,意思是“不要,不许”。-Must I finish my homework before six o'clock 6点之前我必须完成家庭作业吗?-Yes, you must. /No, you needn't./No, you don't have to. 是的,你必须完成。/不,你不必。You mustn't be late for school. 你上学千万不要迟到。(2)表示肯定的猜测,常用于肯定句,意为“一定,必然”。You must be very tired. 你一定很累了。Mary must be in the library. 玛丽一定在图书馆里。【辨析】have to 与must两者都可表示“必须”,后接动词原形,但用法不同。have to 必须;不得不;表示客观上的需要,有人称、数和时态的变化;don't/doesn’t have to表示“不必”。must 必须;一定;表示说话人的主观看法;mustn’t表示“禁止”。You don't have to tell him about it. 你没必要把这件事告诉他。You mustn't tell him about it. 你一定不要把这件事告诉他。Section A What rules do do we follow 1、What rules do we follow 我们遵守什么规则?(教材第10页)【详解】(1)rule〔可数名词〕规则;规章 break a rule 违反规则 follow a rule 遵守规则 make the rules 制订规则 traffic rules 交通规则 family rules 家规 the rule(s)of...的规则Do you have many rules at home or at school 你在家或学校有许多规则吗?Everyone should follow class rules.每个人都应该遵守班规。=Everyone should follow the rules of the class.(2)follow〔物〕①遵循;遵守We should follow the traffic rules. 我们应该遵守交通规则。②跟随 此时,follow本身含有“在·后”之意,其后不用再加behind。Follow me and I'll show you around our school. 跟我来,我将带领你们参观我们的学校。2、Don't be late for school.上学不要迟到。(教材第10页,la)【详解】be late for迟到与arrive late for同义。be late for侧重状态,arrive late for 侧重动作。Don't be late next time. 下次不要迟到了。Tom is never late for school. 汤姆上学从不迟到。3、Arrive on time.按时到校。(教材第10页,1a)【详解】(1)arrive〔不及物动词〕到达;用arrive表示“到达某地”时有以下结构:arrive in+大地方(如城市、国家等)arrive at+小地方(如车站、酒店等)arrive+here, there, home等地点副词(地点副词前不需要加介词)We can arrive in Beijing this afternoon. 今天下午我们能够到达北京。He arrives at the bus stop at 8 o'clock every morning.他每天早晨8点到达公共汽车站。I arrive home at 4: 00 in the afternoon. 我下午4点到家。【拓展】①get to到达后接地点名词。若接here,there,home等地点副词则省略 to。We get to school at 8: 00 every morning. 我们每天早上8点到校。② arrive(in/at)和 get(to)可进行同义转换。They must arrive at/get to the village at8:00 today.今天他们必须在8点到达那个村庄。They usually arrive/get home at 11: 30 in the morning.他们通常在上午11点半到家。(2)辨析:on time与in timeon time准时;按时;指按规定的时间或指定的时间做某事in time及时 指不迟到或在规定时间之前或接近规定的时间做某事The train arrives on time. 火车准时到达。The ambulance arrives in time. 救护车及时到达。4、Don't use your phone in class.不要在课堂上使用手机。(教材第10页,1a)【详解】in class在课堂上;上课时;此时class 意为“课;上课”。after class 在课下;下课后Do you listen to your teacher carefully in class 你在课堂上认真听老师讲课吗?Let's talk about the math problem after class. 咱们课下讨论一下那道数学题吧。【拓展】in the class在班级里(class“班级”) in the classroom 在教室里There are forty students in the class. 这个班里有40名学生。Don't play basketball in the classroom. 不要在教室里打篮球。5、Don`t litter.不要乱扔垃圾。(教材第10页,1a)【详解】litter①〔动词〕乱扔Don't litter in parks. 不要在公园里乱扔垃圾。(不及物动词)Ask him not to litter paper everywhere. 让他不要到处扔纸。(及物动词)②〔不可数名词〕垃圾,废弃物There is not much litter in public places now. 现在在公共场所没有很多垃圾了。6 、Keep your school clean and tidy.保持学校干净整洁。(教材第10页,1a)【详解】keep(过去式:kept)①〔动词〕a.保持;keep+宾语+宾语补足语;使···保持某种状态,充当宾语补足语的可以是形容词、副词、动词-ing形式或介词短语等。I must keep my bedroom clean. 我必须保持我的卧室干净。b.保留后可接时间段。You can keep the book for two weeks. 你可以借用这本书两周。c.遵守与 follow 同义。Everyone must keep the rules. 大家必须遵守规则。d.存放,储存Where do you keep your bags 你把包放哪儿了 ②〔连系动词〕保持,后接形容词等作表语。We must keep quiet in the library. 在图书馆,我们必须保持安静。7、Be polite and treat everyone with respect. 要有礼貌,尊重每一个人。(教材第10页,1a)【详解】(1) polite〔形容词〕有礼貌的;be polite to sb 对某人有礼貌She's always very polite. 她总是很有礼貌。We should be polite to strangers. 我们应该对陌生人有礼貌。【拓展】①impolite〔形容词〕不礼貌的Some people think it is impolite to ask someone's age. 有些人认为询问别人的年龄是不礼貌的。②politely [副词〕有礼貌地;在句中作状语。We should speak to the old politely. 我们应该有礼貌地与老年人讲话。(2)treat①〔及物动词〕对待;看待;后接名词或代词作宾语。treat sb like/as. 把某人当作··看待My host family treated me well. 我的寄宿家庭待我很好。Mum always treats me as a child. 妈妈总是把我当小孩子看待。②〔及物动词〕治疗;招待;请(客) treat sb to sth 请某人吃某物No one knew how to treat this disease. 没人知道如何治疗这种疾病。She treated him to lunch. 她请他吃午饭。③〔可数名词〕款待Let's go out for dinner-my treat. 咱们到外面去吃饭吧——我请客。(3)respect①〔不可数名词〕尊敬;敬意;show respect for.对··表示尊敬We should show respect for the old. 我们应该对老年人表示尊敬。The students have great respect for their teachers. 学生非常尊敬他们的老师。②〔及物动词〕尊敬;尊重Students should respect their teachers. 学生应该尊敬他们的老师。I respect your wishes. 我尊重你的愿望。8、Put up your hand if you want to ask your teacher a question.如果你想问老师问题,请举手。(教材第10页,1a)【详解】(1)put up (put的过去式是put)①举起;张贴Please put up your hand if you have any questions. 如果你有任何问题,请举手。You'd better put up a notice here. 你最好在这儿贴一个通知。②搭建;建造Two men are putting up a tent in the rain. 两个男人正在雨中搭建帐篷。I help him put up some shelves in his bed-room. 我帮他在卧室里装几个搁架。【注意】put up是“动词+副词”结构,当宾语是人称代词时,要放在put和up之间,当宾语是名词时,可以放在put和up之间,也可以放到up之后。【拓展】其他与put相关的常见短语:put away将···收起 put off推迟 put on 穿上;上演 put down放下(2)if引导的条件状语从句 句中if you want to ask your teacher a question是if引导的条件状语从句。连词if意为“如果”。在含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句是一般将来时、祈使句或主句中含有情态动词,从句常用一般现在时表示将来。Get up early if you want to catch the early bus. 如果你想赶早班车就要早起。We won't go to the zoo if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨,我们就不去动物园了。If you finish your homework early, you can go out and play.如果你早早完成作业,你就可以出去玩。【注意】条件状语从句可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后。如果if从句放在主句前,要用逗号与主句隔开。9、Sally mustn't wear her own jacket at school.萨莉在学校不能穿她自己的夹克衫。(教材第10页,1c)【详解】own①〔形容词〕自己的;常和名词所有格或形容词性物主代词一起使用,以加强语气。That's her own idea. 那是她自己的主意。②〔动词〕拥有This car is mine. I own it. 这辆汽车是我的,我拥有它。【拓展】owner〔名词〕物主;主人The owner of the restaurant is very friendly. 这家餐馆的主人很友好。10、Is everything OK 一切都好吗?(教材第11页,2a)【详解】everything〔复合不定代词〕每件事;一切作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。My family means everything to me. 对我来说家庭意味着一切。I hope everything goes well. 我希望一切顺利。【拓展】everyone〔复合不定代词〕每人;人人;所有人11、Here, I can lend you my pen.给,我可以把我的钢笔借给你。(教材第11页,2a)【详解】lend〔及物动词〕借给;借出;其过去式为lent,反义词为 borrow。lend sb sth= lend sth to sb 借给某人某物;把某物借给某人Could you lend me some books 你可以借给我一些书吗?=Could you lend some books to me 12、Would you like a sweet 你想吃糖吗?(教材第11页,2a)【详解】sweet①〔可数名词〕糖果She loves sweets. 她喜欢糖果。②〔形容词〕甜的;含糖的;甜蜜的 sweet food 甜食The soup tastes sweet. 这汤尝起来很甜。Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories.埃米想保留她的旧物品,因为它们唤起甜蜜的回忆。③〔形容词〕悦耳的,好听的The singer has a sweet voice. 这名歌手有着悦耳的嗓音。13、Yes,of course.是的,当然可以。(教材第11页,2a)【详解】of course当然;相当于sure 或certainly,通常在对话中用作肯定回答。-May I borrow your dictionary 我可以借用你的词典吗 -Of course! 当然了!【拓展】of course和not连用,构成否定回答。-Do you want to lose the match 你想输掉这场比赛吗?-Of course not. 当然不想。14、I'm sorry, I have to answer my phone. 对不起,我得接电话。(教材第11页,2a)【详解】answer①〔及物动词〕应答;答复;回答answer the phone 接电话 answer the door应门(铃)声开门 answer a letter 回信answer the question 回答问题②〔不及物动词〕回答He answered with a smile. 他微笑作答。I asked him a question, but he didn't answer. 我问了他一个问题,但他没有回答。③〔可数名词〕答案;回答;答复the answer to...的答案I don't know the answer to this question. 我不知道这个问题的答案。15、Oh, but we can't/mustn't bring our mobile phones to class.哦,但是我们不能/禁止把手机带到课堂上。(教材第11页,2a)【详解】(1)bring〔及物动词〕带··到某处;带来;取来bring...to...把.......带到......bring sb sth= bring sth for sb 带给某人某物Please bring some photos to school tomorrow. 明天请带一些照片到学校来。Can you bring me the book 你把那本书给我带来好吗 =Can you bring the book for me (2)辨析:bring, take与getbring带来;取来 (带到说话者处)take 拿走 (带离说话者处)get 去拿来 (一个来回)Please bring your book here. 请把你的书带到这儿来。The girl takes the box away. 那个女孩拿走了箱子。There are some apples in the next room. Can you get them for me 隔壁房间里有一些苹果,你能为我去把它们取来吗 16、We have to turn them off and put/keep them in our lockers.我们必须把它们关掉并放在/存放在我们的储物柜里。(教材第11页,2a)【详解】turn off关掉(水、电或煤气等)反义短语为turn on“打开(水、电或煤气等)”。Please turn off/on the radio. 请把收音机关上/打开。【拓展】常用的关于turn的短语还有:turn up调大/高 turn down 调小/低;拒绝 turn into 变成;使变成 turn around转身【注意】turn off, turn on, turn up与 turn down 都是“动词+副词”结构,当名词作宾语时,名词置于短语后面或动词与副词之间;若人称代词作宾语,人称代词必须置于动词与副词之间。Turn on the computer.打开电脑。=Turn the computer on.Turn them off, please. 请把它们关上。17、Thanks for telling me, Anne.谢你我,安妮。(教材第11页,2s)【详解】Thanks for...因......感谢;谢谢你......;相当于"Thank you for...". for后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,表示感谢的内容或原因。Thanks for your letter. 谢谢你的来信Thanks for coming. Eric. 埃里克,谢谢你的到来。18、Don't jump the queue. 不要插队。(教材第13页,3b)【详解】(1) jump the queue 插队join the queue排队 stand in a queue 站成一排It's not polite to jump the queue. 插队是不礼貌的。You'll have to join the queue. 你得排队。Stand in a queue and don't push others. 站成一排,不要推别人。(2)queue①〔可数名词〕队,行列This is a long queue at the ticket office. 售票处排着长队。②[动词〕排队(等候)People queue to buy tickets. 人们排队买票。19、You must wait your turn.你必须等着轮到你。(教材第13页,3b)【详解】wait等;等待 wait for sb/sth等待某人/某物wait for sb to do sth等待某人做某事Mary is waiting for the bus. 玛丽正在等公共汽车。I am waiting for him to come. 我在等他来。20、I can feed my dog many kinds of food.but I mustn't/can't give him chocolate.我可以给我的狗喂多种食物,但我一定不/不能给他巧克力。(教材第13页,3b)【详解】feed〔及物动词〕喂养;饲养(过去式:fed)其后常接表示动物名称的词作宾语。feed的常见用法有:①feed sb/sth 喂某人/某物I feed my pet cat every day. 我每天都喂我的宠物猫。② feed sth to sb/sth 把某物喂给某人/某物Please feed some grass to the cow. 请给这头奶牛喂些草。She fed milk to the baby. 她给婴儿喂了奶。③feed...on/with...用......喂.......He feeds the dog on meat.他用肉喂狗。【拓展】feed on 以··为生;以···为食Cows and horses feed on grass. 牛和马以草为食。21、Can I leave the classroom if I don't feel well 如果我感觉不舒服,我可以离开教室吗?(教材第13页,3b)【详解】leave〔动词〕(过去式:left)①离开leave+地点 离开某地leave for+地点 动身去某地leave+地点+for+地点 离开某地去某地When did you leave Shanghai 你是什么时候离开上海的?I'll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天我要动身去北京。I'll leave Shanghai for Beijing. 我要离开上海去北京。②留下leave+宾语+地点状语把···留在某地leave sb by oneself 把某人单独留下I will leave a message on the table. 我会在桌子上留个信息。Don't leave young children at home. 不要把小孩子留在家里。She is only five years old. Don't leave her by herself. 她只有五岁,不要把她单独留下。22、Yes, but you must tell your teacher about it when you have to be absent from class.可以,但是当你不得不缺课时,你必须告诉老师。(教材第13页,3b)【详解】absent〔形容词〕缺席的;不在的be absent from 缺席·.They were absent from work that day. 他们那天没有上班。【拓展】absent的反义词为present,意为“出席的;到场的”。Many famous writers are present at the meeting. 许多著名作家都出席了这次会议。23、Shh, we must/have to talk quietly in the library.嘘,在图书馆我们必须轻声说话。(教材第13页,3b)【详解】quietly〔副词〕轻声地;安静地;反义词为 loudly。The girl came into the classroom quietly. 那个女孩安静地走进了教室。【拓展】quiet〔形容词〕轻声的;轻柔的;安静的Could you keep the kids quiet while I'm on the phone 我在打电话时你让孩子们安静点好吗 24、We mustn't make noise.我们一定不要制造噪声。(教材第13页,3d)【详解】(1)noise〔名词〕声音;噪声;既可作可数名词,表示某一具体的嘈杂声、喧闹声;又可作不可数名词,泛指噪声、喧闹声。其形容词形式为 noisy,意为“喧闹的”。 make noise/noises/a noise 吵闹,制造噪声Don't make a noise. 不要吵闹。(2)辨析:noise, sound 与 voicesound声音 (泛指各种声音)noise噪声(常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声)voice 嗓音(一般指人的声音或鸟叫声)Please don't make much noise in class. 请不要在课堂上太吵闹。Light travels much faster than sound. 光的传播速度比声音快得多。She has a good singing voice. 她有一副很好的歌喉。Section B How can rules help me 1、Why is Alice unhappy 爱丽为什么不开心?(教材第14页,1b)【详解】unhappy〔形容词〕不快乐的;不满的 be unhappy with 对···不满意He looks unhappy. 他看起来不开心。She is unhappy with her job. 她对自己的工作不满意。【拓展】un-是否定前缀,由其构成的常见单词有: untidy 不整洁的 unusual 不寻常的 unhealthy 不健康的 unlucky 不幸的 unable 无能力的 unknown 不知名的 uncomfortable 不舒服的2、Every morning, I have to make my bed before breakfast.每天早上,我必须在早餐前整理床铺。(教材第14页,1b)【详解】make sb's/the bed铺;铺床Please make the bed after you get up. 你起床后请整理床铺。【拓展】make在不同的短语里有不同的含义: make dumplings包饺子 make friends 交朋友3、I have to hurry to school because I can't be late for school.我必须赶紧去学校,因为我上学不能迟到。(教材第14页,1b)【详解】hurry〔不及物动词〕匆忙;赶快hurry to do sth 匆忙做某事 hurry to+地点名词匆忙去某地 hurry up赶快,急忙(做某事) hurry off/away 匆匆离去I hurry to finish my homework before dinner. 我赶紧在晚饭前完成作业。We hurry to the classroom when the bell rings. 铃声响起时我们赶紧去教室。Hurry up, or you will be late. 快点儿,否则你会迟到的。Miss Zhao hurries off to look after the man. 赵小姐匆匆离开去照顾那个人。4、When I'm at school, I mustn't use my phone in class either.在学校的时候,我也不能在课堂上使用手机。(教材第14页,1b)【辨析】either,too与also 三者均有“也”的意思,但用法不同。either用于否定句,位于句末,前面可加逗号,也可不加。too 用于肯定句或疑问句;位于句末,前面可加逗号,也可不加。also 用于肯定句, 位于句中,助动词、情态动词、连系动词be之后,实义动词之前。He doesn't want to go either. 他也不想去。I can swim too. 我也会游泳。He also wants to go. 他也想去。5、After school, there are even more rules!放学后,规则甚至更多!(教材第14页,1b)【详解】even〔副词〕甚至;还;其实①修饰形容词或副词的比较级,用以加强程度。Jim jumps high, but Tom jumps even higher.吉姆跳得高,但是汤姆跳得更高。②修饰名词、动词、介词短语等,用以加强语气。Even a child can understand the book. 甚至连孩子都能读懂这本书。6、I can only play basketball after I practise the piano.只有在练习完钢琴后我才能打篮球。(教材第14页,1b)【详解】practise〔及物动词〕练习;训练;其后可跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。practise doing sth 练习做某事Please practise the piano every day. 请每天练习钢琴。Why don't you join an English club to practise speaking English 你为什么不加入一个英语社团来练习说英语呢 7、I can't hang out with my friends on weekdays.在工作日我不能和我的朋友出去玩。(教材第14页,1b)【详解】(1)hang out闲;常去某处;hang用作动词,可表示“悬挂;垂下”,其过去式为 hung。He likes reading and he often hangs out in the bookshop. 他喜欢阅读,并且经常逛书店。Hang the picture on the wall. 把这幅画挂到墙上。【拓展】与hang有关的常见短语:hang on 紧紧抓住 hang about(在某处)闲荡 hang up 挂断电话;挂起(2)weekday〔可数名词〕工作日;指星期一到星期五的任何一天。 on weekdays 在工作日I go to school on weekdays. 我工作日去上学。【拓展】weekend〔可数名词〕周末;通常指星期六和星期天。表示“在周末”用on/at weekends 或 on/at the weekend。8、But they can help you to become a better person.但它们可以帮助你成为一个更好的人。(教材第14页,1b)【详解】(1)become〔连系动词〕变成;成为后接名词或形容词作表语,其过去式为became.She becomes very happy when she gets the gift. 当她收到礼物时,她变得非常开心。I want to become a doctor when I grow up. 我长大后想成为一名医生。(2)better①〔形容词〕更好的;较好的;good 的比较级或well用作形容词时的比较级。This picture is very good, but that one is better. 这幅图画很好,但是那幅更好。②〔副词〕更好地;较好地,well 用作副词时的比较级。Tom sings very well, but Jim sings even better. 汤姆歌唱得很好,但是吉姆唱得还要好。9、You can't use your phone in class because you need to focus on learning.你不能在课堂上使用手机,因为你需要专注于学习。(教材第14页,1b)【详解】focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于表示专注于某一件事情。on是介词,后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。Focus on your study, please! 请专心学习!My brother focuses on reading books in his free time. 我弟弟在空闲时间专注于读书。【拓展】focus one's attention/mind on sth 把某人的注意力/精神集中在某事上She tried to focus her mind on her work. 她尽量集中精神干活。10、You have to wear a uniform because it builds school spirit.你必须穿校服,因为它能培养学校精神。(教材第14页,1b)【详解】(1)build①〔动词〕创建;建造(过去式:built) build的名词形式是building,意为“建筑物;房子”。We want to build a better life. 我们想创造更美好的生活。People are going to build a bridge over the river. 人们打算在那条河上建一座桥。②〔动词〕增进,增强(过去式:built)Helping others builds our sense of happiness. 帮助他人增进我们的幸福感。Traveling builds our understanding of different cultures. 旅行增强我们对不同文化的理解。③〔名词〕身材;(be)of medium build中等身材The person is of medium build. 这个人中等身材。(2)spirit〔名词〕①精神;心灵We should have a spirit of cooperation. 我们应该有合作精神。The team has a fighting spirit. 这个团队有战斗精神。②情绪;心境(常用复数);be in high/low spirits情绪高涨/低落The music puts everyone in good spirits. 音乐让每个人都心情愉悦。She is always in high spirits when she goes for a walk in the park. 她在公园散步时总是兴高采烈。11、You can also think about the things you can do!你也可以想想你能做的事情!(教材第14页,1b)【详解】think about思考;考虑;about是介词,其后可跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。I am thinking about what to eat for lunch. 我在考虑午饭吃什么。I'm thinking about going to Beijing. 我正在考虑去北京。【拓展】think of与think about 意为“考虑;对···有某种看法”时,可以互换。What do you think of/about the book 你认为那本书怎么样?12、You can relax after you finish your homework.完成作业后你可以放松一下。(教材第14页,1b)【详解】relax①〔不及物动词〕放松;休息;与 rest 或 have a rest 同义,其第三人称单数形式为 relaxes。He usually relaxes' for a day on weekends. 他通常在周末休息一天。②〔及物动词〕使放松This song relaxes me. 这首歌使我很放松。【拓展】①relaxing〔形容词〕令人放松的常说明事物具有的特征。This film is very relaxing. 这部电影令人很放松。② relaxed〔形容词〕放松的,自在的常说明人的感受。He is relaxed after listening to music. 听音乐后,他感到放松。13、Remember: No rules, no order! 记:没有规矩,不成方圆!(教材第14页,1b)【详解】order①〔名词〕秩序;规矩;keep order 维持秩序We should keep order in the classroom. 我们应该在教室里保持秩序。There is good order in our school. 我们学校有良好的秩序。②[名词〕命令;顺序;in(the right)order按(正确的)顺序Tom has to follow his father's order. 汤姆不得不服从他父亲的命令。They are getting on the bus in order. 他们正按顺序上公交车。③〔名词〕点菜;take one's order 点菜The waiter is coming with your order. 服务员把你点的餐端来了。④〔动词〕点菜;命令;订购 order sb to do sth命令某人做某事What about ordering some noodles 点些面条怎么样?Order them to rest! 命令他们休息!If you like them, please order them online.如果你喜欢它们,请在网上订购它们。14、Dr Know's advice知心博士的建议(教材第15页,1c)【详解】advice〔不可数名词〕建议;意见表示数量时常借助于piece或some(一些)等词。a piece of advice一条建议 two pieces of advice 两条建议 give sb some advice on... 给某人一些关于···的建议ask sb for advice 向某人征求建议take/follow sb's advice 采纳/听从某人的建议Can you give me some advice on learning English 你能在学英语方面给我一些建议吗?【拓展】advise[动词〕建议;劝告;advise sb to do sth 建议某人干某事He advises me to stay at home. 他建议我待在家里。15、understand rules help me to become a better person理解规则可以帮助我成为一个更好的人(教材第15页,1c)【详解】understand〔动词〕理解;领会;明白其过去式为understood。I'm sorry. I don't understand. 对不起,我不明白。Can you understand French 你懂法语吗?16、I have to/must clean my room everyday, and I can't let my desk get untidy.我每天必须打扫我的房间,而且我不能让我的书桌变得不整洁。(教材第15页,2a)【详解】(1)clean①〔动词〕打扫;把......弄干净;clean up打扫(或清除)干净We should clean the classroom before we leave our school. 我们应该在离开学校之前打扫教室。I clean up my room every weekend. 我每个周末都打扫我的房间。②[形容词〕清洁的;干净的; 其近义词为tidy(整洁的),反义词为dirty(脏的)。He is always wearing clean clothes. 他总是穿着干净的衣服。We must keep our classroom clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。(2)get untidy “get+形容词”表示“变得......”,此处get为连系动词,后跟形容词作表语,表示体质、情绪、天气等方面的改变。We get tired after a long walk. 走了很长一段路后,我们变得很疲惫。It gets hot these days. 这些天天气变热了。谈论规则 本单元话题为“规则”,要求我们介绍某个处所的规则,如学校、家、教室、图书馆等。我们可采用“总—分—总”的结构进行写作:首先要点明是哪个处所的规则;其次具体介绍该处所的规则;最后发表自己对这些规则的看法(是否喜欢它们)。 写作时我们主要用第一人称I或 we,介绍规则时应用一般现在时态。常用句型: We can/must/have to do... We can't do...or... We have too many rules.【写作实例】孟子曰:“不以规矩,不能成方圆。”这告诉我们做任何事情都要有一定的规矩或规则。你们学校都有哪些规则呢?假设你是李明,下面是你们学校的一些规则,请你写一封电子邮件,向你的笔友Tom作一下介绍。词数不少于60。 1.上课不能迟到; 2.课堂上保持安静; 3.见到老师要问好; 4.不许在教室里吃东西; 5.不许在课堂上听音乐、玩游戏。Dear Tom,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Yours, Li Ming【思路点拨】【教材典句】...I can’t be late for school. (SB,1b)In the library, we must keep quiet. (SA,3b)And I have to wear the uniform. (SB,1b)【经典范文】 Dear Tom, Thanks for your last e-mail. You want to know the rules in our school, right Now let me tell you about them.We can't be late for class. We must arrive on time. We can't talk loudly in class. We must keep quiet in class. When we meet our teachers on our way, we should say hello to them. We can't eat in the classroom, and we have to eat in the dining hall. We mustn't listen to music or play games in class.Yours, Li Ming【亮点点评】①用“Thanks for.”表示感谢。② 用“You want to know the rules...”及“...let me tell you.”表明写作的主题是校规。③用“We can’...”“We must...”“We have to...”及“We mustn't...”具体介绍校规的内容。七年级下册初中英语知识梳理 新人教版Unit 3 Keep Fit【重点单词】1.fit /f t/ adj.健康的;健壮的2.baseball / be sb l/ n.棒球(运动)3.glove /ɡl v/ n.(手指分开的)手套4.mat /m t/ n.(运动用的)垫子5.rope /r p/ n.绳子;粗绳6.jump rope 跳绳用的绳子;跳绳(运动)7.racket / r k t/ n.(网球;羽毛球等)球拍8.hardly / hɑ dli/ adv.几乎不;几乎没有9.ever / ev / adv.在任何时候;从来;曾经10.hardly ever几乎从不11.once /w ns/ adv.一次12.twice /twa s/ adv.两次;两倍13.mine /ma n/ pron.我的(所有物)14.hers /h z/ pron.她的(所有物)15.maybe / me bi/ adv.也许;大概16.well-used /wel-ju zd/ adj.使用得多的17.practice / pr kt s/ n.练习;实践18.perfect / p fekt/ adj.完美的;极好的19.seldom / seld m/ adv.很少;非常20.badminton / b dm nt n/ n.羽毛球运动21.double / d b l/ n.双打;两倍 adj.成双的;两倍的22.sometime / s mta m/ adv.在某个时候23.volleyball / s mta m/ n.排球(运动)24.theirs / e z/ pron.他们的,她们的它们的(所有物)25.jog / ɡ/ v.慢跑26.few /fju / adj.(表示否定的)很少的;几乎没有的27.a few少数;几个28.excuse / k skju z/ v.原谅;宽恕29.excuse me 劳驾;请原谅30.over there在那边31.T-shirt / ti t/ n.T恤衫32.belong /b l / v.应在(某处)33.belong to属于某人34.at the start开始;起初35.still /st l/ adv.还;仍然36.sleepy / sli pi/ adj.困倦的;想睡的37.instead / n sted/ adv.反而;代替38.group /ɡru p/ n.群组39.skateboard / ske tb d/ n.滑板40.encourage / n k r / v.鼓励;激励41.trick /tr k/ n.技巧;戏法42.succeed /s k si d/ v.成功;达到目标43.skateboarding / ske tb d / n.滑板运动44.goal /ɡ l/ n.目标;目的45.sit-up /s t- p/ n.仰卧起坐46.work out锻炼47.app n.应用程序48.progress / pr ɡr s/ n.进步;进展49.match /m / n.比赛;竞赛50.team /ti m/ n.队;组51.ours / a z/ pron.我们的(所有物)52.lose /lu z/ v.输掉;丢失53.teenager / ti n e / n.青少年(13到19岁之间)【重点短语】Section A1.保持健康 keep fit2.做运动 do sport and exercise3.棒球手套 baseball glove4.运动垫子 exercise mat5.跳绳 jump rope6.乒乓球拍 ping-pong bat7.网球球拍 tennis racket8.跑鞋 running shoes9.在一个运动中心 at a sports centre10.几乎从不 hardly ever11.周末一两次 once or twice at weekends12.团队合作 works as a team13.和我的朋友一起玩 play with my friends14.一点也不 not at all15.擅长做某事 be good at16.练习做某事 practice doing stth17.锻炼 do exercise18.游泳go swimming19.一个月几次 a few times a month20.一周三次 three times a week21.劳驾,请原谅 excuse me22.在那边 over there23.属于 belong to24.喜欢做某事 like doing sth25.起床起得早 get up early26.开始,起初 at the start27.很困的 be sleepy28.在早上/晚上 in the morning/evening29.听到鸟儿在唱歌 hear birds singing30.代替,而不是 instead ofSection B31.对…有好处 be good for32.鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb to do sth33.成功做某事 succeed in doing sth34.做仰卧起坐 do sit-ups35.锻炼 work out36.展示出我的进步show my progress37.使用这个应用程序 use the app38.打一些比赛 play many matches39.建立团队精神 build team spirits1.---这里有一个乒乓球拍,是你的吗? ---不,不是我的。是艾拉的吗?---不,她的球拍在家。(P19)---There is a ping-pong bat here. Is it yours ---No, it isn’t mine. Is it Ella’s ---No, hers is at home.2.你的球拍看起来使用过很多次。(P19)Your bat looks well-used.3.熟能生巧。(P19)Practice makes perfect.4.我们有时候应该加倍练习。(P19)We should all play doubles sometime.5.---这个棒球手套是你的吗?---是的,这是我的。谢谢。(P21)---Is this baseball glove yours ---Yes, that’s mine. Thank you.6.---这是谁的羽毛球拍?---我认为是翰林的。他的羽毛球拍上有HL。(P21)---Whose badminton racket is this ---I think it’s Han Lin’s. His has “HL’ on it.7.---你经常打乒乓球吗?---是的,我一周一次/两次/三次。(P21)---Do you often play ping-pong ---Yes, I play once/twice/three times a week.8.---你踢足球多久一次?(P21)---我踢足球一周两次,通常在周末。/我几乎不踢足球。/我几乎从不踢。/我从不踢足球。---How often do you play football ---I play it twice a week, usually at weekends. / I seldom/ hardly ever play it.I never do.9.---这件T恤衫属于谁的?是你的吗?---是的,是我的。(P21)---Who does this T-shirt belong to Is it yours ---Yes, It’s mine.10.我慢跑会一周三次,但是当下雨时反而我有时在家锻炼。(P21)I jog three times a week, but sometimes I exercise at home instead when it rains.11.我的滑板非常炫酷,他们的也是。(P22)My skateboarding is really cool, and so are theirs.12.我们鼓励彼此去做一些技巧性地滑板运动。(P22)We encourage one another to do tricks.13.我最喜欢的保持健康的方式是用健身app去锻炼。(P22)My favourite way of keeping fit is to use an exercise app to work out.14.在水里和我的朋友一起游泳玩耍是很开心的。(P23)It’s fun to swim and play with my friends in the water.15.游泳对我是有好处的因为它是我保持健康。(P23)Swimming is good for me because it keeps me healthy.16.在我们组里,三个学生最喜欢的运动是篮球。(P24)In our group, three students’ favourite sport is basketball.一 名词性物主代词1、物主代词的分类物主代词是表示所有关系的动词,可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,它有人称和数的不同,具体用法见下表。数 单数 复数人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs含义 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的【注意】his, its既可用作形容词性物主代词,也可用作名词性物主代词。(本单元我们重点学习名词性物主代词的用法)2、名词性物主代词的用法(1)名词性物主代词在句中独立使用,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,其后不能再接名词。My notebook is red and hers is yellow.我的笔记本是红色的,她的(笔记本)是黄色的。 her notebookAre the balls yours 这些球是你(们)的吗? your balls(2)名词性物主代词在句中可作主语表语或宾语。用作主语时,谓语动词的数应随所指对象的数而定。This is my watch. Yours is on the desk.这是我的手表。你的(手表)在书桌上。 Your watch-Are these your baseballs 这些是你的棒球吗?-No, mine are in my bag.不是,我的(棒球)在我的包里。 my baseballs二 频度副词1、频度副词的含义(1)表示事情发生频率的副词称为频度副词。常用的频度副词有always(总是),usually(通常),often(经常),sometimes(有时),seldom(很少), hardly ever(几乎从不), never(从不)等。这些频度副词在频率上的差异如图所示:John always comes late. 约翰总是迟到。He hardly ever exercises. 他几乎从不锻炼。(2)表示频率的常用表达①次数+a day/week/month/.. once a day一天一次 twice a year一年两次three times a month 一个月三次②every day/week/month/...2.频度副词在句中的位置频度副词一般用在实义动词之前,系动词be、助动词或情态动词之后,有时为了强调,也可置于句首。We never eat junk food. 我们从不吃垃圾食品。Lucy is sometimes very busy. 露西有时很忙。I can hardly say a word. 我几乎说不出话来。Sometimes Jack plays computer games. 有时杰克玩电脑游戏。Very often he goes online. 他经常上网。Usually my father gets up early. 我爸爸通常起得很早。【注意】always 一般不用于句首,但可用于祈使句句首。Always remember this. 要时刻记住这一点。3.对频度副词提问时,用 how often。-How often do you exercise 你多久锻炼一次 -Hardly ever. 几乎从不。Section A How often do you do sports or Exercise 1、How do we keep fit 我们怎样保持健康?(教材第17页,BIG Question)【详解】fit①〔形容词〕健康的;健壮的(同义词:healthy) keep fit/healthy 保持健康 be fit for sth/be fit to do sth (身体)健康可以做某事You look very fit, Mike. 迈克,你看上去很健康。Taking exercise helps you keep fit/healthy. 锻炼有助于你保持健康。He isn't fit to play in the match today. 今天,他身体不适,不能出场比赛。②〔形容词〕合适的;恰当的 be fit for 适合... be fit to do sth 适合做某事The food is fit for children. 这些食物适合孩子们食用。③〔动词〕适合;合身 过去式为 fitted,现在分词为 fitting。其主语一般是表示“物”的名词或代词,而宾语通常是表示“人”的名词或代词。 sth fit..well 某物非常适合···This dress fits me very well. 这条连衣裙我穿很合身。The jacket is fine, but the trousers don't fit. 夹克衫不错,但裤子不合身。2、baseball glove棒球手套(教材第18页,1a)【详解】glove〔名词〕手套;它常表示手指分开的手套,日常使用时通常以复数形式出现。英语中常以复数形式出现的单词还有glasses(眼镜),trousers(裤子),shorts(短裤),socks(袜子),shoes(鞋子)等。此类词前常用a pair of来表达“一双,一副,一条”等。3、 jump rope跳绳用的绳子(教材第18页,1a)【详解】jump rope①跳绳用的绳子,rope 用作名词,意为“绳子”。The jump rope is red. 这根跳绳是红色的。②跳绳(运动)The jump rope is fit for me, and I do it every day. 跳绳运动适合我,我每天都跳绳。4、running shoes跑鞋(教材第18页,1a)动名词作定语 此处running是动词run的动名词形式,用作定语,表示用途或功能,即running shoes=shoes for running。常见的类似表达还有living room(起居室), reading room(阅览室),waiting ro 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览