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初中 定语从句 讲练
--什么是定语？
--定语：修饰限定 名词或代词， 给名词或代词画圈圈的词。
看上图，如果我只说 a girl a boy
你不能知道我说的是哪个boy哪个girl.
但是我如果说：
a girl in an orange skirt 穿着橙色短裙的女孩
a boy with a pair of glasses 戴着一副眼镜的男孩
那么你很快就知道我说的那个 boy 和girl 了。
in an orange skirt 和 with a pair of glasses 把名词boy, girl给圈定出来了，它们就是定语。
找出下列短语或句子中的定语成分。
an honest boy
a beautiful big garden
Is this your cellphone
I watched an interesting film last Sunday.
The lost boy was found.
There are many women doctors in this hospital.
The workers under the tree are having a rest.
找出下列短语或句子中的定语成分： 下划线的就是定语的成分，括号内是定语的词性。
an honest boy（形容词）
a beautiful big garden（形容词）
Is this your cellphone （代词）
I watched an interesting film last Sunday.（分词）
The lost boy was found.（分词）
There are many women doctors in this hospital.（名词）
The workers under the tree are having a rest.（介词短语）
总结发现：形容词，名词，代词，分词，介词短语都可以做定。
再看下这个句子，你能找到定语吗？
The man who is watering the flowers is my uncle.正在浇花的男人是我的叔叔。
其实这个句子可以拆解成两个简单句。
1.The man is my uncle.
2.The man is watering flowers.
句子2 The man is watering the flowers.做了句子的定语。
用一个句子来修饰限定名词或代词，这个句子叫定语从句。
再比如，下列句子中括号里的就是定语从句。
The man （who lives next to us）sells vegetable.
You must do everything （that you can do）.
趣味理解：
（定语从句就是一个句子“下嫁”到另一个句子中给人家做成分，本来是个独立的句子，做了从句之后就失去独立身份了，成了了跟从的从句。跟着哪个句子哪个句子就叫主句。）
定语从句的分类
1. 限制性定语从句: 与先行词关系密切, 如果没有定语从句, 主句不完整, 且与先行词之间无逗号。
He asked me a question which was about my study at school.他问了一个有关我在学校学习的问题。如果后面的定语从句去掉，句子意思显然不完整。
2. 非限制性定语从句: 对先行词起补充说明作用, 如果删除, 主句意义仍然完整, 与先行词之间有逗号。
On the desk there are twenty books, three of which are mine.
My aunt Alice ,whom I haven’t seen for years, is coming next month.
定语从句在主句中的结构：
先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句
① 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
② 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词分为 关系代词 和 关系副词 两类。
关系代词：who/whom (指代人), which（指代物），that（指代人/物），whose。
关系副词：when （指代时间），where (指代地点)，why (指代原因)
Who is the man that is standing over there
Tom is the student whose house caught fire last night.
关系词的功能：
1. 引导定语从句
2. 代替先行词
3. 在定语从句中担当一个句法成分
趣味理解：
关系词相当于跑腿的，能说会道，会拉关系，帮先行词和定语从句牵线搭桥，同时又在定语从句中担任一个职务。
例句分析
All the pencils that she had bought at a cheap price broke.
1.that 后面是定语从句
2.that是关系代词，代词先行词 pencils
3.that 代替pencils在定语从句中做bought的宾语。
All he owned was a big jar that he lived in.
1.that 后面是定语从句。
2.that 代替先行词 a big jar
3.that代替a big jar在定语从句中做 live in 的宾语。
关系代词使用宝典：
who/whom (指代人), which（指代物），that（指代人/物），whose（指代所属关系）
能够指代人的关系代词：who, that, whom
能够指代物的关系代词：that，which
能够指 “人的” “物的”关系代词：whose
小试牛刀：
1.We know the lives of dinosaurs from the skeletons, eggs and footprints___that/which____they left behind.
2.All he owned was a big jar __that/which_____he lived in.
3.Disneyland was created by Walt Disney,___who____is famous for his cartoon characters.
4.Finally he got a job__that/which___he really liked.
做题步骤：
读------定-------------------------判--------------------------------选
读题--确定先行词（名词/代词）--判断定语从句中缺失的成分--选择。
I. 用适当的关系代词填空。
定语从句的断定：前有谓，句子完；前无谓，谓二前。
（先行词前有谓语，先行词后到结束都是定语从句。
先行词前无谓语，定语从句到第二个谓语动词前结束.）
1. The house ___that/which____ we live in is very big.
2. The boy __who____ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
3. This is the present ___which/that____ he gave me for my birthday.
4. The man ___who/that____ talked to you just now is an engineer.
5. He talked about the teachers and schools ____that___ he had visited.
先行词是 teachers and schools ，既包含人也包含物，所以关系代词只能用that,不能用which.
6. There is nothing in the world ____that___ can frighten him.
先行词是nothing, 关系代词只能用that.
7. She wears a gold ring, ___which____ is very uncommon in our class.
先行词ring后有一个逗号，属于非限定性定语从句，关系代词只能用which
8. We visited a factory ___which/that____ makes toys for children.
选择题
1. —Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher 　
—Oh! It’s Mr. Baker, our maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
2. I hate the people _____don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
3. This is the place ______ I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which
4. The moon is a world ______children are curious about.
A. that B. who C. where D. why
5. Watch carefully everything _____ the teacher will do.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
6．I love the place ____ the weather is always cool.
A. that B. where C. why D. which
先行词是the place, 在定语从句中做地点状语，表示地点用关系副词where.
7. The man and the dog ____ were hurt in the accident were sent to the hospital.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
8. Jane is one of the students in the class ______have ever been to China.
A. who B. whose C. which D. whom
复习巩固
定语从句的概念：
1.修饰___名___词和____代___词的句子叫_____定语从句_____.
2.定语从句分为____限定性____定语从句和____非限定性____定语从句。
3.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做____先行词______.
4.关系词分为关系___代词____和关系___副词______.
5.关系词引导定语从句，代替____先行词_____,在定语从句中___充当一个成分____.
that
（主宾表）
whose(定语)
人/物
who （主，宾）
whom （宾）
只能指人
which （主宾表）
只能指物
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
初中 定语从句 讲练
--什么是定语？
--定语：修饰限定 名词或代词， 给名词或代词画圈圈的词。
看上图，如果我只说 a girl a boy
你不能知道我说的是哪个boy哪个girl.
但是我如果说：
a girl in an orange skirt 穿着橙色短裙的女孩
a boy with a pair of glasses 戴着一副眼镜的男孩
那么你很快就知道我说的那个 boy 和girl 了。
in an orange skirt 和 with a pair of glasses 把名词boy, girl给圈定出来了，它们就是定语。
找出下列短语或句子中的定语成分。
an honest boy
a beautiful big garden
Is this your cellphone
I watched an interesting film last Sunday.
The lost boy was found.
There are many women doctors in this hospital.
The workers under the tree are having a rest.
找出下列短语或句子中的定语成分： 下划线的就是定语的成分，括号内是定语的词性。
an honest boy（形容词）
a beautiful big garden（形容词）
Is this your cellphone （代词）
I watched an interesting film last Sunday.（分词）
The lost boy was found.（分词）
There are many women doctors in this hospital.（名词）
The workers under the tree are having a rest.（介词短语）
总结发现：形容词，名词，代词，分词，介词短语都可以做定。
再看下这个句子，你能找到定语吗？
The man who is watering the flowers is my uncle.正在浇花的男人是我的叔叔。
其实这个句子可以拆解成两个简单句。
1.The man is my uncle.
2.The man is watering flowers.
句子2 The man is watering the flowers.做了句子的定语。
用一个句子来修饰限定名词或代词，这个句子叫定语从句。
再比如，下列句子中括号里的就是定语从句。
The man （who lives next to us）sells vegetable.
You must do everything （that you can do）.
趣味理解：
（定语从句就是一个句子“下嫁”到另一个句子中给人家做成分，本来是个独立的句子，做了从句之后就失去独立身份了，成了了跟从的从句。跟着哪个句子哪个句子就叫主句。）
定语从句的分类
1. 限制性定语从句: 与先行词关系密切, 如果没有定语从句, 主句不完整, 且与先行词之间无逗号。
He asked me a question which was about my study at school.他问了一个有关我在学校学习的问题。如果后面的定语从句去掉，句子意思显然不完整。
2. 非限制性定语从句: 对先行词起补充说明作用, 如果删除, 主句意义仍然完整, 与先行词之间有逗号。
On the desk there are twenty books, three of which are mine.
My aunt Alice ,whom I haven’t seen for years, is coming next month.
定语从句在主句中的结构：
先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句
① 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
② 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词分为 关系代词 和 关系副词 两类。
关系代词：who/whom (指代人), which（指代物），that（指代人/物），whose。
关系副词：when （指代时间），where (指代地点)，why (指代原因)
Who is the man that is standing over there
Tom is the student whose house caught fire last night.
关系词的功能：
1. 引导定语从句
2. 代替先行词
3. 在定语从句中担当一个句法成分
趣味理解：
关系词相当于跑腿的，能说会道，会拉关系，帮先行词和定语从句牵线搭桥，同时又在定语从句中担任一个职务。
例句分析
All the pencils that she had bought at a cheap price broke.
1.that 后面是定语从句
2.that是关系代词，代词先行词 pencils
3.that 代替pencils在定语从句中做bought的宾语。
All he owned was a big jar that he lived in.
1.that 后面是定语从句。
2.that 代替先行词 a big jar
3.that代替a big jar在定语从句中做 live in 的宾语。
关系代词使用宝典：
who/whom (指代人), which（指代物），that（指代人/物），whose（指代所属关系）
能够指代人的关系代词：who, that, whom
能够指代物的关系代词：that，which
能够指 “人的” “物的”关系代词：whose
小试牛刀：
1.We know the lives of dinosaurs from the skeletons, eggs and footprints_______they left behind.
2.All he owned was a big jar _______he lived in.
3.Disneyland was created by Walt Disney,_______is famous for his cartoon characters.
4.Finally he got a job_____he really liked.
做题步骤：
读------定-------------------------判--------------------------------选
读题--确定先行词（名词/代词）--判断定语从句中缺失的成分--选择。
I. 用适当的关系代词填空。
定语从句的断定：前有谓，句子完；前无谓，谓二前。
（先行词前有谓语，先行词后到结束都是定语从句。
先行词前无谓语，定语从句到第二个谓语动词前结束.）
1. The house _______ we live in is very big.
2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
3. This is the present _______ he gave me for my birthday.
4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.
5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.
7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.
8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.
选择题
1. —Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher 　
—Oh! It’s Mr. Baker, our maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
2. I hate the people _____don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
3. This is the place ______ I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which
4. The moon is a world ______children are curious about.
A. that B. who C. where D. why
5. Watch carefully everything _____ the teacher will do.
A. that B. which C. what D. who
6．I love the place ____ the weather is always cool.
A. that B. where C. why D. which
7. The man and the dog ____ were hurt in the accident were sent to the hospital.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
8. Jane is one of the students in the class ______have ever been to China. A. who B. whose C. which D. whom
复习巩固
定语从句的概念：
1.修饰_______词和_______词的句子叫__________.
2.定语从句分为________定语从句和________定语从句。
3.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做__________.
4.关系词分为关系_______和关系__________.
5.关系词引导定语从句，代替_________,在定语从句中_______.
that
（主宾表）
whose(定语)
人/物
who （主，宾）
whom （宾）
只能指人
which （主宾表）
只能指物
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

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