资源简介 / 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科知识过关第3讲 语法Unit 1 一般过去时一、一般过去时的定义表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态,或过去习惯性、反复发生的行为。例:She studied English last year.(过去某时的动作)He was a teacher ten years ago.(过去的状态)They often played football after school when they were kids.(过去习惯性动作)二、动词构成方式1. 规则动词的过去式一般情况:直接加 -ed。例:work → worked;play → played。以不发音的 e 结尾:加 -d。例:live → lived;hope → hoped。以辅音字母 + y 结尾:变 y 为 i,加 -ed。例:study → studied;carry → carried。以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母:双写该辅音字母,加 -ed。例:stop → stopped;plan → planned。2. 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆,无统一规则。例:go → went;eat → ate;see → saw;have → had。3. be 动词的过去式主语为 I/He/She/It 时,用 was;主语为 We/You/They 时,用 were。三、常见标志词(时间状语)表示过去具体时间:yesterday(昨天)、yesterday morning/afternoon/eveningthe day before yesterday(前天)表示过去的时间段:last week/month/year/Sunday(上周 / 月 / 年 / 周日)ago(用于时间段后):two days ago(两天前)、a year ago(一年前)表示过去的节日 / 事件:in 2000(在 2000 年)、in the past(在过去)when I was young(当我年轻时)四、句型结构及句式变化1. 肯定句实义动词结构:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。例:He played basketball yesterday.(他昨天打篮球了。)be 动词结构:主语 + was/were + 表语 + 其他。例:She was happy at the party.(她在派对上很开心。)2. 否定句实义动词结构:主语 + didn’t(= did not) + 动词原形 + 其他。例:He didn’t play basketball yesterday.(他昨天没打篮球。)be 动词结构:主语 + wasn’t/weren’t(= was not/were not) + 表语 + 其他。例:She wasn’t happy at the party.(她在派对上不开心。)3. 一般疑问句实义动词结构:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?例:Did he play basketball yesterday (他昨天打篮球了吗?)回答:Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.be 动词结构:Was/Were + 主语 + 表语 + 其他?例:Was she happy at the party (她在派对上开心吗?)回答:Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t.4. 特殊疑问句疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?例:What did he do yesterday (他昨天做了什么?)疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他?例:Where were you last night (你昨晚在哪里?)五、注意事项动词还原:否定句和疑问句中,助动词 did 后动词需用原形(如 “didn’t work”“Did you eat ”)。不规则动词:需积累常见不规则动词过去式(如 do→did,go→went)。过去习惯性动作:除了 “动词过去式”,还可用 “used to + 动词原形” 表示,例:He used to get up early.(他过去常早起。)Unit 2 不定代词一、不定代词的定义与分类不定代词是不指明代替特定名词或形容词的代词,可分为以下几类:复合不定代词:由 some-, any-, no-, every- + -body/-one/-thing 构成,如:表人:somebody/someone(某人)、anybody/anyone(任何人)、nobody/no one(无人)、everybody/everyone(每人)。表物:something(某物)、anything(任何物)、nothing(无物)、everything(一切)。普通不定代词:both, all, either, neither, none, each, every, other, another 等。英语中的不定代词有很多,用法也比较灵活,这里只介绍常用的几个。neither和noneneither和none都表示否定的意思,它们的区别在于:neither表示对两者的否定,而none用于表示对三者及以上的否定。例如:I saw two bays at the door, but neither (of them) is my brother.我看到门口有两个男孩,但他们都不是我哥哥。None (of the students) in my class wants / want to give up.我们班没有学生想放弃。另外,none除指可数的人和物外,还可以表示不可数的东西。none还可以表示“零"这一数字概念。例如:I thought there was some coffee in my office, but there's none there.我以为办公室里有些咖啡,可一点都没有。-How many postcards have you sent 你寄出了多少张明信片 -None.一张都没寄。(2)both和allboth表示“两者”,而al表示"全体,一切”,指三者及以上。a还可以指不可数的事物。例如:-Which of the two shirts do you like 这两件衬衫你喜欢哪件 -I like both.两件都喜欢。All of the students went to the cinema yesterday evening.昨晚所有的学生都去电影院看电影了。All was changed.一切都被改变了。both和all还可以用于主语之后。例如:We both / all passed the exam.我们俩/大家都通过了考试。(3) eithereither表示两者中的“任何一个”。例如:You can use either of the bathrooms.这两个卫生间你用哪一个都可以。Either plan sounds great to me.对我来说,这两个计划听起来都很好。-Which of the two shirts do you want 这两件衬衫你想要哪件 -Either will do.哪件都行。注意:either表示二选一,如在最后一个例句中,either表示“哪个都可以”,说明购物者要买一件衬衫而不是两件都要。如表示两件都要,则用both。Unit 3 系动词一、系动词的定义与作用系动词是连接主语和表语(说明主语状态或特征的成分)的动词,本身无实际动作含义,仅起联系作用。结构:主语 + 系动词 + 表语(表语可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词等)。例:She is a teacher.(名词作表语)The cake tastes delicious.(形容词作表语)He seems happy today.(形容词短语作表语)二、系动词的分类1. 状态系动词最基本的系动词是 be 动词(am/is/are/was/were),表示 “是” 或 “存在状态”。例:I am a student.They were at home yesterday.2. 感官系动词表示通过感官感知的状态,后接形容词作表语。常见动词:look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起来 / 感觉)。例:The music sounds beautiful.The flowers smell sweet.This skirt feels soft.3. 变化系动词表示状态变化,后接形容词或名词。常见动词:become(变成)、get(变得)、turn(转变)、grow(逐渐变得)、go(变得)。例:She became a doctor last year.It got dark quickly.Leaves turn yellow in autumn.要注意,除be以外的系动词,其否定形式和疑问形式的构成要借助助动词do, does等。Unit 4 祈使句一、祈使句的定义与特征定义:用于表达命令、请求、建议、警告、邀请或劝告的句子,通常以动词原形开头,省略主语 you。特征:无主语(主语隐含为 you);谓语动词用原形;句末用句号或感叹号,读降调。以动词原形开头,无时态和数的变化;祈使句的否定形式是在动词原形前加don’t;在表达请求时,可以加上please;表达比较强烈的语气时,可以用感叹号。请同学们看下面更多的例句,体会祈使句的结构和功能,请特别注意其否定形式的用法:Please close the door. 请把门关上。Sit down, please. 请坐。Come to my office. 到我办公室来。Stop! 停!Hurry up! 快点!Please don’t do it. 请不要这么做。Don’t worry. Be happy. 不要担心,高兴点。Don’t bring any food or drink into the lab next time. 下次不要把任何食物或饮料带到实验室来。Don’t be late again. 不要再迟到了。需要注意的是,虽然do及其否定形式don’t一般不能作助动词与be连用,但从最后一个例句可以看出,在be构成的祈使句中,可以出现二者连用的情况,即在be前加don’t构成该祈使句的否定形式。Unit5&6形容词的平级比较,比较级和最高级一、比较等级的定义与分类定义:用于表示性质、状态或动作的程度差异。分类:原级(Positive Degree):形容词 / 副词的基本形式,无比较含义。例:tall(高的)、quickly(快速地)。比较级(Comparative Degree):两者之间的比较,译为 “更……”。例:taller(更高的)、more quickly(更快地)。最高级(Superlative Degree):三者或以上的比较,译为 “最……”。例:tallest(最高的)、most quickly(最快地)。二、规则变化:比较级与最高级的构成1. 一般情况方法:词尾加 -er(比较级)或 -est(最高级)。例:fast → faster → fastestshort → shorter → shortest2. 以不发音的 e 结尾方法:加 -r 或 -st。例:nice → nicer → nicestlarge → larger → largest3. 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾方法:变 y 为 i,加 -er 或 -est。例:happy → happier → happiesteasy → easier → easiest4. 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母方法:双写末尾字母,加 -er 或 -est。例:big → bigger → biggesthot → hotter → hottest5. 多音节词或部分双音节词方法:前加 more(比较级)或 most(最高级)。例:beautiful → more beautiful → most beautifulcarefully → more carefully → most carefully6. 特殊双音节词以 “辅音字母 + le/ow/er” 结尾的双音节词,可加 - er/-est 或 more/most。例:clever → cleverer/ more clever → cleverest/ most clevernarrow → narrower → narrowest三、不规则变化:必背特殊词汇原级 比较级 最高级good/well better bestbad/badly worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar farther/further farthest/furthestold older/elder oldest/eldest注意:farther(距离更远)/ further(程度更深,如 further study);older(年龄更大)/ elder(长幼次序,如 elder sister)。四、比较等级的核心用法1. 原级的用法结构 1:as + 原级 + as(和…… 一样)例:He is as tall as his father.(他和父亲一样高。)结构 2:not as/so + 原级 + as(不如……)例:This book is not as interesting as that one.(这本书不如那本有趣。)2. 比较级的用法结构 1:比较级 + than(比…… 更)例:She is younger than me.(她比我年轻。)结构 2:比较级 + and + 比较级(越来越……)例:The weather is getting colder and colder.(天气越来越冷。)结构 3:the + 比较级,the + 比较级(越……,越……)例:The harder you study, the better grades you’ll get.(越努力,成绩越好。)修饰词:much/a lot(…… 得多)、even(甚至更)、a little(稍微)例:He runs much faster than me.(他比我跑得快得多。)3. 最高级的用法结构 1:the + 最高级 + in/of 范围(在…… 中最……)例:She is the tallest in her class.(她是班里最高的。)**He is the most hard-working of all students.(他是所有学生中最努力的。)结构 2:one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词(最…… 之一)例:Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.(北京是中国最大的城市之一。)注意:最高级前通常加 the,但当最高级前有物主代词(my/his 等)时,省略 the。例:This is my best friend.(这是我最好的朋友。)五、句型转换与同义句技巧最高级→比较级原句:He is the tallest in the class.转换:He is taller than any other student in the class.(他比班里其他任何学生都高。)或:He is taller than the other students in the class.比较级→最高级原句:She is smarter than anyone else in the team.转换:She is the smartest in the team.六、易错点与注意事项比较对象一致性错误:The weather in Beijing is colder than Shanghai.(× 北京的天气和上海比较,对象不一致)正确:The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.(用 that 指代 weather)避免自身包含错误:He is taller than all the students in his class.(× 他自己属于全班学生)正确:He is taller than all the other students in his class.(加 other 排除自身)修饰词误用错误:He is very taller than me.(× very 不能修饰比较级)正确:He is much taller than me.(用 much/lot 等修饰)副词最高级的 the 可省略形容词最高级前必须加 the,但副词最高级前的 the 可省略。例:She sings (the) most beautifully in the group.七、教材高频考点与例句比较级 + thanThis box is heavier than that one.(这个盒子比那个重。)as...as 结构Tom runs as fast as Mike.(汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。)最高级 + in/ofThe Yangtze River is the longest river in China.(长江是中国最长的河流。)the + 比较级...the + 比较级The more you read, the wiser you become.(书读得越多,你越聪明。)八、快速记忆口诀比较等级有三级,原级、比较和最高;原级用 as...as,否定 not so/as...as;比较级 + than,前可加 much 和 even;最高级 + in/of,the 在前莫忘记;规则变化加 er/est,不规则变化特殊记!1.________ make any noise in the library.A.No B.Don’t C.Doesn’t【答案】B【详解】句意:不要在图书馆制造任何噪音。考查祈使句否定形式。No不;Don’t不要;Doesn’t不要,三单形式。根据题干可知,为祈使句否定形式“Don’t+动词原形”,意为“不要做某事”,故选B。2.________ more exercise and you’ll lose weight successfully.A.Takes B.Taking C.Take【答案】C【详解】句意:多做运动,你就能成功减肥。考查祈使句。根据“ ... more exercise and you’ll lose weight successfully.”可知,此句是建议多做运动,应是“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,所以动词用原形。故选C。3.There ________ a notice on the wall. It says we will go camping tomorrow.A.is B.are C.was【答案】A【详解】句意:墙上有一张通知。上面写着我们明天要去露营。考查there be。根据“It says…”可知,时态是一般现在时,主语是a notice,be动词用is。故选A。4.Jerry ________ in the classroom just now.A.is B.was C.were【答案】B【详解】句意:杰瑞刚刚在教室里。考查时态。根据“just now”可知,句子时态是一般过去时,Jerry为第三人称单数,be动词需用单数形式was。故选A。5.—Is the Yangtze River the ________ river in China —Yes, it’s over 6,300 kilometers long.A.long B.longer C.longest【答案】C【详解】句意:——长江是中国最长的河流吗?——是的,它长度超过6300公里。考查形容词等级。根据“in China”可知,此处应使用形容词的最高级。故选C。6.—The floor is ______ clean ______ it was yesterday.—Sorry, I forgot to clean it.A.as; as B.more; than C.not so; as【答案】C【详解】句意:——地板没有昨天干净了。——对不起,我忘了打扫了。考查形容词原级。as…as…和……一样,表示同级比较;more…than比……多;not so…as不如……。根据下句“Sorry, I forgot to clean it.”可知,应是地板不如昨天干净了。故选C。7.—Does the dish taste as ________ as it looks —Yes, it does.A.well B.good C.better【答案】B【详解】句意:——这道菜尝起来和它看起来一样美味吗?——是的。考查形容词原级比较结构“as…as…”。well好地,副词;good好的,形容词;better更好的,比较级。“as+形容词或副词原级+as”表示“和……一样……”。空处位于系动词“taste”后,填形容词原级作表语,表示菜好吃。故选B。8.—Hurry up! We’re going to be late for the movie.—________ a minute, please! I can’t find my ticket.A.To wait B.You wait C.Wait【答案】C【详解】句意:——快点!我们看电影要迟到了。——请等一下!我找不到我的票了。考查祈使句。To wait是动词不定式;You wait是主语+动词原形;Wait是动词原形。根据“... a minute, please!”可知此处是祈使句结构,应选择动词原形,故选C。9.—Dale, ________ to check your paper before you hand it in.—Sure, I will.A.remembers B.to remember C.remember【答案】C【详解】句意:——Dale,交卷前记得检查你的试卷。——当然,我会的。考查祈使句。此处是对Dale提出要求,应用祈使句,以动词原形开头。故选C。10.—Danniel, ________ run in the hallways.—Sorry, Ms. Wang.A.not B.don’t C.doesn’t【答案】B【详解】句意:——丹尼尔,别在走廊里跑。——对不起,王老师。考查祈使句。根据“Sorry, Ms. Wang.”可知,此处提醒对方别在走廊里跑,为祈使句的否定形式,结构为“don’t+动词原形+其他”。故选B。11.—Dad, have you got any advice for me before I leave for the match —________ deep breaths if nervous, and believe in yourself! Good luck!A.Taking B.To take C.Take【答案】C【详解】句意:——爸爸,我去比赛前你有什么建议吗?——如果紧张就深呼吸,相信自己!祝你好运!考查祈使句的用法。Taking动名词或现在分词;To take动词不定式;Take动词原形。根据“...deep breaths if nervous, and believe in yourself!”可知,这是一个祈使句,空处需用动词原形开头。故选C。12.—Do you like Beijing Opera —Yes. It ________ really beautiful.A.sounds B.tastes C.smells【答案】A【详解】句意:—— 你喜欢京剧吗? —— 喜欢。它听起来真的很美妙。考查动词辨析。sounds听起来;tastes尝起来;smells闻起来。根据“Beijing Opera”可知,指的是京剧听起来很美妙。故选A。13.—I’m home, Mom. How nice it ________!—Guess what! I bought a cake for your birthday.A.tastes B.smells C.sounds【答案】B【详解】句意:——我到家了,妈妈。这闻起来真香!——猜猜看!我给你买了生日蛋糕!考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来;smells闻起来;sounds听起来。根据“I’m home, Mom.”和“I bought a cake for your birthday.”可知,“我”刚回到家,此处描述的应是蛋糕的香味,应用smells。故选B。14.Alice prefers stories ________ short and funny.A.that are B.who are C.that is【答案】A【详解】句意:爱丽丝更喜欢短而有趣的故事。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,stories是先行词,指物,排除B;先行词是复数,排除C。故选A。15.—Do you want to take the red T-shirt or the blue one —________. The red one is for me and the blue one is for my sister.A.Either B.All C.Both【答案】C【详解】句意:—— 你想要红色的 T 恤还是蓝色的 T 恤?—— 两个都要。红色的给我,蓝色的给我妹妹。考查代词辨析。either两者中的任意一个;all三者或三者以上都;both两者都。这里是在红色和蓝色T恤两者之间选择,且两个都要,所以用both。故选C。16.She likes ________ juice nor milk. She prefers coffee.A.both B.neither C.either【答案】B【详解】句意:她既不喜欢果汁也不喜欢牛奶,她更喜欢咖啡。考查代词辨析。both两者都;neither两者都不;either两者中的一个。根据“She prefers coffee.”可知,她对果汁和牛奶都不喜欢,是两者都不喜欢。neither...nor表示 “既不……也不……”,符合语境。故选B。17.—She can’t play table tennis. What about you —I can’t, ________. I am not good at any sports.A.also B.too C.either【答案】C【详解】句意:——她不会打乒乓球。你呢?——我也不会。我不擅长任何运动。考查副词辨析。also也,用于肯定句句中;too也,用于肯定句句末;either也,用于否定句句末。根据“I can’t”可知,此处为否定句,用either,表示也不会打乒乓球。故选C。18.My parents are ________ kind to me.A.both B.all C.every【答案】A【详解】句意:我的父母都对我很好。考查代词辨析。both两者都;all全部(三者及以上);every每一个。根据“My parents are...kind to me.”可知,此处指父母两个人都对“我”很好,应用both。故选A。19.Kangkang ________ his sister to do homework just now.A.teaches B.taught C.is teaching【答案】B【详解】句意:康康刚才教他妹妹做作业。考查动词时态。根据“just now”可知,该句是一般过去时,动词使用过去式。故选B。20.—Good for you. You ________ the best player in the final game last Monday!—Thank you.A.won B.win C.are winning【答案】A【详解】句意:——真为你高兴。你上周一在决赛中赢得了最佳运动员!——谢谢你。考查动词时态。根据“last Monday”可知,句子应用一般过去时,动词用过去式。故选A。21.In the Zhou Dynasty, Chinese people ________ winter ice and enjoyed it in summer.A.store B.stored C.will store【答案】B【详解】句意:在周朝,中国人储存冬天的冰,并在夏天享用。考查时态。根据“enjoyed”可知,时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式。故选B。22.The experts ________ for 12 hours and finally they got out safely.A.walk B.walked C.are walking【答案】B【详解】句意:专家们行走了12个小时,最终他们安全脱险。考查时态。根据“got”可知,时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式。故选B。23.There ________ two foreign teachers in our school last year.A.are B.was C.were【答案】C【详解】句意:去年我们学校有两位外教。考查主谓一致和时态。根据“last year”可知,句子的时态为一般过去时,主语“two foreign teachers”为复数,此处be动词用were。故选C。24.It was Saturday yesterday. My parents and I ________ to the park to enjoy the flowers.A.go B.goes C.went【答案】C【详解】句意:昨天是星期六。我的父母和我去公园赏花。考查时态。根据“It was Saturday yesterday.”可知,句子时态是一般过去时,故选C。25.Oracle Bones Script (甲骨文), the ______ Chinese written characters, gives us valuable views into ancient Chinese beliefs and society.A.early B.earlier C.earliest【答案】C【详解】句意:甲骨文是中国最早的文字,它为我们提供了对中国古代信仰和社会的宝贵见解。考查最高级。early早的,原级;earlier更早的,比较级;earliest最早的,最高级。根据“Oracle Bones Script (甲骨文), the...Chinese written characters, gives us valuable views into ancient Chinese beliefs and society.”可知,是和中国所有文字对比,所以用最高级。故选C。26.I think paper is one of _______ inventions ever in the world. Cai Lun made a really great contribution to papermaking.A.creative B.more creative C.the most creative【答案】C【详解】句意:我认为纸是世界上最有创意的发明之一。蔡伦对造纸有很大的贡献。考查形容词的最高级。creative有创意的,原级;more creative更有创意的,比较级;the most creative最有创意的,最高级。根据“one of...inventions ever in the world.”可知,此处表示世界上最有创意的发明之一,用最高级。故选C。27.— How was your school trip —It was wonderful. We went to the Changbai Mountains. It’s one of ________ natural wonders in Jilin Province.A.famous B.more famous C.the most famous【答案】C【详解】句意:——你的学校旅行怎么样?——非常精彩。我们去了长白山。它是吉林省最著名的自然奇观之一。考查形容词最高级。famous著名的,形容词原级;more famous更著名的,形容词比较级;the most famous最著名的,形容词最高级。根据语境可知,此处是在描述长白山是吉林省众多自然奇观中最著名的一个,所以应该用形容词最高级the most famous。one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数,是固定结构,表示“最……之一”。故选C。28.—The scarves are all beautiful. I can’t decide which one to choose.—Oh, look at this red one. I think it’s ________.A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.the most beautiful【答案】C【详解】句意:——这些围巾都很漂亮。我无法决定选哪一条。——哦,看看这条红色的。我认为它是最漂亮的。考查形容词最高级用法。beautiful(漂亮的)是原级;more beautiful(更漂亮的)是比较级;the most beautiful(最漂亮的)是最高级。根据前文“The scarves are all beautiful”(所有围巾都很漂亮)以及“I can’t decide which one to choose”(无法决定选哪一条)的语境,此处强调红色围巾是“最漂亮的”,因此用最高级,故选C。29.I think Hainanese Chicken Rice is the ________ food that I’ve ever had.A.delicious B.more delicious C.most delicious【答案】C【详解】句意:我认为海南鸡饭是我吃过的最美味的食物。考查形容词最高级。delicious美味的,形容词原级;more delicious更美味的,形容词比较级;most delicious最美味的,形容词最高级。根据“that I’ve ever had”可知,此处用形容词最高级形式,表示“我吃过的最美味的食物”。故选C。30.The population of Changchun is much ________ than that of Yanji.A.large B.larger C.largest【答案】B【详解】句意:长春的人口比延吉的(人口)多得多。考查形容词比较级。large大的,形容词原级;larger更大的,形容词比较级;largest最大的,形容词最高级。than是比较级的标志词,所以此处要用比较级larger。故选B。31.The ________ we do for other people, the ________ we will be.A.much; happier B.more; happier C.much; happy【答案】B【详解】句意:我们为别人做得越多,我们就会越快乐。考查形容词比较级。much很多的,原级;more更多的,比较级;happy高兴的,原级;happier更高兴的,比较级。根据“The …we do for other people, the …we will be.”可知,此处为固定结构“the+形容词比较级,the+形容词比较级”,意为“越……就越……”,因此空格处都填形容词比较级。故选B。32.Jane is a smart girl in the class who is prettier than ________.A.any other girls B.any other girl C.any others【答案】B【详解】句意:简是班上一个聪明的女孩,她比其他女孩都漂亮。考查比较级。“比较级+than+any other+名词单数/复数”意为“比其它任何……都……”,当比较对象是单数时,用any other+单数名词,因为“girl”是单数,所以此处用any other girl。故选B。33.Traveling by bus is ________ nowadays than in the past.A.the most comfortable B.comfortable C.more comfortable【答案】C【详解】句意:如今乘公交车出行比过去更舒适了。考查形容词比较级。根据“than in the past”可知,此处用比较级。comfortable的比较级是“more comfortable”。故选C。34.—What do you think of the performance during the ceremony of the Olympics —Amazing! It couldn’t be ________.A.good B.better C.best【答案】B【详解】句意:—— 你觉得奥运会开幕式上的表演怎么样? —— 太棒了!没有比这更好的了。考查比较级用法。good好的,形容词原级;better更好的,比较级;best最好的,最高级。分析句子结构,“It couldn’t be+比较级”是一种常用的表达结构,意思是“不可能更……了”,这句话表示开幕式的表演已经好到极致了,不可能有比这更好的情况了,用“better”符合语境和语法结构。故选B。35.—Mummy, could you buy me a dress like this —Certainly. We can buy ______ one than this, but ________ this.A.a better; better than B.a worse; as good as C.a cheaper; as good as【答案】C【详解】句意:——妈妈,你能给我买一件这样的裙子吗?——当然,我们可以买比这个便宜,但质量和这个一样的。考查形容词比较级和形容词原级。better更好的;worse更差的;cheaper更便宜的;better than比……更好;as good as 和……一样好的。根据“Mummy, could you buy me a dress like this ”可知想要买一件裙子,结合常识和“but”可知前后内容为转折关系,买东西要买物美价廉的,应是比这个更便宜,但质量一样,第一空用a cheaper,第二空用as good as。故选C。36.Lily’s English is good and her Chinese is ________ her English.A.as good as B.as well C.as long as【答案】A【详解】句意:莉莉的英语很好,她的汉语和她的英语一样好。考查形容词原级。结合语境可知,“as good as”是固定短语,意为 “和……一样好”,“good”是形容词,在此处可用来描述“her Chinese”和 “her English”一样好。故选A。37.—Attention, please! ________ inside. It is raining heavily outside.—We will, Mr. Li.A.To stay B.Stay C.Staying【答案】B【详解】句意:——请注意!呆在室内。外面下着大雨。——我们会的,李老师。考查祈使句的肯定形式。根据“Attention, please… inside.”可知,此处为祈使句的肯定形式,因此应用动词原形开头。故选B。38.—I worry about my English test (考试).—_________ care about the grades too much if you do your best.A.Not B.Don’t C.Doesn’t【答案】B【详解】句意:——我担心我的英语考试。——如果你尽力了,不要太在乎成绩。考查祈使句。根据“...care about the grades too much if you do your best.”及选项可知,此处表达“不要在意”;Do型祈使句的否定形式为句首加don’t。故选B。39._________ be late for school, Michael.A.Don’t B.Doesn’t C.Not【答案】A【详解】句意:迈克尔,上学不要迟到。考查祈使句的否定形式。根据“…be late for school”以及结合选项可知,此处指“上学不要迟到”,应用祈使句的否定形式,其结构为“Don’t+动词原形”。故选A。40.—Allen, ________ in the hallways!—Sorry, Miss Chen.A.doesn’t run B.don’t run C.not run【答案】B【详解】句意:——艾伦,不要在走廊里跑!——对不起,陈小姐。考查祈使句的否定形式。祈使句以动词原形开头。其否定形式是在动词原形前加“don’t”。本句是一个否定的祈使句,此处是指禁止在走廊里跑。故选B。41.—I’m home, Dad. How nice it ________!—Your mother is making cakes in the kitchen.A.tastes B.smells C.sounds【答案】B【详解】句意:——我回来了,爸爸。闻起来真香!——你妈妈正在厨房里做煎饼。考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来;smells闻起来;sounds听起来。根据“Your mother is making cakes in the kitchen”可知,妈妈正在做的蛋糕闻起来很香,故选B。42.She isn’t a good cook. Her dishes (菜) look ________ but ________ terrible (糟糕的).A.delicious, tastes B.tasty, taste C.good, tasty【答案】B【详解】句意:她不是个好厨师。她做的菜看起来不错,但尝起来很糟糕。考查系动词及形容词辨析。delicious美味的;tasty美味的;good好的。根据“but”可知,表转折,她做的菜看起来不错,但尝起来很糟糕。“look”是感官动词,后接形容词,“tasty”是形容词,意为“美味的”;taste是动词,意为“尝起来”,look为原形,taste也用动词原形。故选B。43.The rock music ________ noisy.A.listens B.sounds C.hears【答案】B【详解】句意:摇滚乐听起来很吵。考查动词辨析。listens听(不及物动词,不能直接接形容词);sounds听起来(系动词,可直接接形容词);hears听见(及物动词,不能直接接形容词)。noisy是形容词,所以空处应选系动词sounds。故选B。44.—How long will it take you to complete the object —Two months ________ enough.A.are B.is C.was【答案】B【详解】句意:——你完成这个项目要花多长时间?——两个月足够了。考查be动词用法。are用于第二人称或人称复数;is用于第三人称单数;was用于第三人称单数,is的过去式。根据“How long will it take you to complete the object ”可知,时态为一般现在时,“two months”是一个时间段,作主语时看作单数,因此be动词用is。故选B。45.Spending time with family and friends ________ very important to us.A.are B.is C.were【答案】B【详解】句意:对我们来说,和家人、朋友共度时光是非常重要的。考查主谓一致。主语“Spending time with family and friends”是一个动名词短语,整体视为单数,谓语动词应用三单形式,所以此处用is。故选B。46.—Is there ________ reading in the classroom now —________ is there. Look! The light is on.A.anyone; Anyone B.someone; Anyone C.anyone; Someone【答案】C【详解】句意:——现在教室里有人在看书吗?——有人在。看!灯亮着。考查复合不定代词。anyone任何人,用于否定句或疑问句;someone某人,用于肯定句、表示建议或请求的疑问句。第一句是一般疑问句,用anyone;第二句是肯定句,用someone。故选C。47.—I can’t play chess. What about you, Linda —I can’t play chess, ________.A.too B.also C.either【答案】C【详解】句意:——我不会下象棋。琳达,你呢?——我也不会下象棋。考查副词辨析。too也,用于肯定句句末;also也,用于句中;either也,用于否定句句末。根据“I can’t play chess”可知,此处是否定句句末,应用副词either。故选C。48.There are many trees and flowers on ________ sides of the road.A.all B.both C.none【答案】B【详解】句意:在这条路的两旁有许多树木和花朵。考查代词辨析。all全部都(三者及以上);both两者都;none没有一个。根据“sides of the road”可知,路的两旁有许多树木和花朵,应用both。故选B。49.—Helen, why didn’t you come to the party yesterday —Oh, I ________ for the speech competition.A.am preparing B.prepare C.prepared【答案】C【详解】句意:——海伦,你昨天为什么没来参加派对?——哦,我在为演讲比赛做准备。考查动词时态辨析。am preparing现在进行时(正在准备);prepare一般现在时(通常准备);prepared一般过去时(过去准备)。根据“why didn’t you come”和语境可知,未参加派对的原因是“当时正在准备比赛”,需用过去的时态,故选C。50.Judy ________ the volleyball club two years ago.A.joins B.joined C.is joining【答案】B【详解】句意:朱迪两年前加入了排球俱乐部。考查一般过去时。根据“two years ago”可知,句子应用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故选B。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科知识过关第3讲 语法Unit 1 一般过去时一、一般过去时的定义表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态,或过去习惯性、反复发生的行为。例:She studied English last year.(过去某时的动作)He was a teacher ten years ago.(过去的状态)They often played football after school when they were kids.(过去习惯性动作)二、动词构成方式1. 规则动词的过去式一般情况:直接加 -ed。例:work → worked;play → played。以不发音的 e 结尾:加 -d。例:live → lived;hope → hoped。以辅音字母 + y 结尾:变 y 为 i,加 -ed。例:study → studied;carry → carried。以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母:双写该辅音字母,加 -ed。例:stop → stopped;plan → planned。2. 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆,无统一规则。例:go → went;eat → ate;see → saw;have → had。3. be 动词的过去式主语为 I/He/She/It 时,用 was;主语为 We/You/They 时,用 were。三、常见标志词(时间状语)表示过去具体时间:yesterday(昨天)、yesterday morning/afternoon/eveningthe day before yesterday(前天)表示过去的时间段:last week/month/year/Sunday(上周 / 月 / 年 / 周日)ago(用于时间段后):two days ago(两天前)、a year ago(一年前)表示过去的节日 / 事件:in 2000(在 2000 年)、in the past(在过去)when I was young(当我年轻时)四、句型结构及句式变化1. 肯定句实义动词结构:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。例:He played basketball yesterday.(他昨天打篮球了。)be 动词结构:主语 + was/were + 表语 + 其他。例:She was happy at the party.(她在派对上很开心。)2. 否定句实义动词结构:主语 + didn’t(= did not) + 动词原形 + 其他。例:He didn’t play basketball yesterday.(他昨天没打篮球。)be 动词结构:主语 + wasn’t/weren’t(= was not/were not) + 表语 + 其他。例:She wasn’t happy at the party.(她在派对上不开心。)3. 一般疑问句实义动词结构:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?例:Did he play basketball yesterday (他昨天打篮球了吗?)回答:Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.be 动词结构:Was/Were + 主语 + 表语 + 其他?例:Was she happy at the party (她在派对上开心吗?)回答:Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t.4. 特殊疑问句疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?例:What did he do yesterday (他昨天做了什么?)疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他?例:Where were you last night (你昨晚在哪里?)五、注意事项动词还原:否定句和疑问句中,助动词 did 后动词需用原形(如 “didn’t work”“Did you eat ”)。不规则动词:需积累常见不规则动词过去式(如 do→did,go→went)。过去习惯性动作:除了 “动词过去式”,还可用 “used to + 动词原形” 表示,例:He used to get up early.(他过去常早起。)Unit 2 不定代词一、不定代词的定义与分类不定代词是不指明代替特定名词或形容词的代词,可分为以下几类:复合不定代词:由 some-, any-, no-, every- + -body/-one/-thing 构成,如:表人:somebody/someone(某人)、anybody/anyone(任何人)、nobody/no one(无人)、everybody/everyone(每人)。表物:something(某物)、anything(任何物)、nothing(无物)、everything(一切)。普通不定代词:both, all, either, neither, none, each, every, other, another 等。英语中的不定代词有很多,用法也比较灵活,这里只介绍常用的几个。neither和noneneither和none都表示否定的意思,它们的区别在于:neither表示对两者的否定,而none用于表示对三者及以上的否定。例如:I saw two bays at the door, but neither (of them) is my brother.我看到门口有两个男孩,但他们都不是我哥哥。None (of the students) in my class wants / want to give up.我们班没有学生想放弃。另外,none除指可数的人和物外,还可以表示不可数的东西。none还可以表示“零"这一数字概念。例如:I thought there was some coffee in my office, but there's none there.我以为办公室里有些咖啡,可一点都没有。-How many postcards have you sent 你寄出了多少张明信片 -None.一张都没寄。(2)both和allboth表示“两者”,而al表示"全体,一切”,指三者及以上。a还可以指不可数的事物。例如:-Which of the two shirts do you like 这两件衬衫你喜欢哪件 -I like both.两件都喜欢。All of the students went to the cinema yesterday evening.昨晚所有的学生都去电影院看电影了。All was changed.一切都被改变了。both和all还可以用于主语之后。例如:We both / all passed the exam.我们俩/大家都通过了考试。(3) eithereither表示两者中的“任何一个”。例如:You can use either of the bathrooms.这两个卫生间你用哪一个都可以。Either plan sounds great to me.对我来说,这两个计划听起来都很好。-Which of the two shirts do you want 这两件衬衫你想要哪件 -Either will do.哪件都行。注意:either表示二选一,如在最后一个例句中,either表示“哪个都可以”,说明购物者要买一件衬衫而不是两件都要。如表示两件都要,则用both。Unit 3 系动词一、系动词的定义与作用系动词是连接主语和表语(说明主语状态或特征的成分)的动词,本身无实际动作含义,仅起联系作用。结构:主语 + 系动词 + 表语(表语可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词等)。例:She is a teacher.(名词作表语)The cake tastes delicious.(形容词作表语)He seems happy today.(形容词短语作表语)二、系动词的分类1. 状态系动词最基本的系动词是 be 动词(am/is/are/was/were),表示 “是” 或 “存在状态”。例:I am a student.They were at home yesterday.2. 感官系动词表示通过感官感知的状态,后接形容词作表语。常见动词:look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起来 / 感觉)。例:The music sounds beautiful.The flowers smell sweet.This skirt feels soft.3. 变化系动词表示状态变化,后接形容词或名词。常见动词:become(变成)、get(变得)、turn(转变)、grow(逐渐变得)、go(变得)。例:She became a doctor last year.It got dark quickly.Leaves turn yellow in autumn.要注意,除be以外的系动词,其否定形式和疑问形式的构成要借助助动词do, does等。Unit 4 祈使句一、祈使句的定义与特征定义:用于表达命令、请求、建议、警告、邀请或劝告的句子,通常以动词原形开头,省略主语 you。特征:无主语(主语隐含为 you);谓语动词用原形;句末用句号或感叹号,读降调。以动词原形开头,无时态和数的变化;祈使句的否定形式是在动词原形前加don’t;在表达请求时,可以加上please;表达比较强烈的语气时,可以用感叹号。请同学们看下面更多的例句,体会祈使句的结构和功能,请特别注意其否定形式的用法:Please close the door. 请把门关上。Sit down, please. 请坐。Come to my office. 到我办公室来。Stop! 停!Hurry up! 快点!Please don’t do it. 请不要这么做。Don’t worry. Be happy. 不要担心,高兴点。Don’t bring any food or drink into the lab next time. 下次不要把任何食物或饮料带到实验室来。Don’t be late again. 不要再迟到了。需要注意的是,虽然do及其否定形式don’t一般不能作助动词与be连用,但从最后一个例句可以看出,在be构成的祈使句中,可以出现二者连用的情况,即在be前加don’t构成该祈使句的否定形式。Unit5&6形容词的平级比较,比较级和最高级一、比较等级的定义与分类定义:用于表示性质、状态或动作的程度差异。分类:原级(Positive Degree):形容词 / 副词的基本形式,无比较含义。例:tall(高的)、quickly(快速地)。比较级(Comparative Degree):两者之间的比较,译为 “更……”。例:taller(更高的)、more quickly(更快地)。最高级(Superlative Degree):三者或以上的比较,译为 “最……”。例:tallest(最高的)、most quickly(最快地)。二、规则变化:比较级与最高级的构成1. 一般情况方法:词尾加 -er(比较级)或 -est(最高级)。例:fast → faster → fastestshort → shorter → shortest2. 以不发音的 e 结尾方法:加 -r 或 -st。例:nice → nicer → nicestlarge → larger → largest3. 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾方法:变 y 为 i,加 -er 或 -est。例:happy → happier → happiesteasy → easier → easiest4. 重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母方法:双写末尾字母,加 -er 或 -est。例:big → bigger → biggesthot → hotter → hottest5. 多音节词或部分双音节词方法:前加 more(比较级)或 most(最高级)。例:beautiful → more beautiful → most beautifulcarefully → more carefully → most carefully6. 特殊双音节词以 “辅音字母 + le/ow/er” 结尾的双音节词,可加 - er/-est 或 more/most。例:clever → cleverer/ more clever → cleverest/ most clevernarrow → narrower → narrowest三、不规则变化:必背特殊词汇原级 比较级 最高级good/well better bestbad/badly worse worstmany/much more mostlittle less leastfar farther/further farthest/furthestold older/elder oldest/eldest注意:farther(距离更远)/ further(程度更深,如 further study);older(年龄更大)/ elder(长幼次序,如 elder sister)。四、比较等级的核心用法1. 原级的用法结构 1:as + 原级 + as(和…… 一样)例:He is as tall as his father.(他和父亲一样高。)结构 2:not as/so + 原级 + as(不如……)例:This book is not as interesting as that one.(这本书不如那本有趣。)2. 比较级的用法结构 1:比较级 + than(比…… 更)例:She is younger than me.(她比我年轻。)结构 2:比较级 + and + 比较级(越来越……)例:The weather is getting colder and colder.(天气越来越冷。)结构 3:the + 比较级,the + 比较级(越……,越……)例:The harder you study, the better grades you’ll get.(越努力,成绩越好。)修饰词:much/a lot(…… 得多)、even(甚至更)、a little(稍微)例:He runs much faster than me.(他比我跑得快得多。)3. 最高级的用法结构 1:the + 最高级 + in/of 范围(在…… 中最……)例:She is the tallest in her class.(她是班里最高的。)**He is the most hard-working of all students.(他是所有学生中最努力的。)结构 2:one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词(最…… 之一)例:Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.(北京是中国最大的城市之一。)注意:最高级前通常加 the,但当最高级前有物主代词(my/his 等)时,省略 the。例:This is my best friend.(这是我最好的朋友。)五、句型转换与同义句技巧最高级→比较级原句:He is the tallest in the class.转换:He is taller than any other student in the class.(他比班里其他任何学生都高。)或:He is taller than the other students in the class.比较级→最高级原句:She is smarter than anyone else in the team.转换:She is the smartest in the team.六、易错点与注意事项比较对象一致性错误:The weather in Beijing is colder than Shanghai.(× 北京的天气和上海比较,对象不一致)正确:The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.(用 that 指代 weather)避免自身包含错误:He is taller than all the students in his class.(× 他自己属于全班学生)正确:He is taller than all the other students in his class.(加 other 排除自身)修饰词误用错误:He is very taller than me.(× very 不能修饰比较级)正确:He is much taller than me.(用 much/lot 等修饰)副词最高级的 the 可省略形容词最高级前必须加 the,但副词最高级前的 the 可省略。例:She sings (the) most beautifully in the group.七、教材高频考点与例句比较级 + thanThis box is heavier than that one.(这个盒子比那个重。)as...as 结构Tom runs as fast as Mike.(汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。)最高级 + in/ofThe Yangtze River is the longest river in China.(长江是中国最长的河流。)the + 比较级...the + 比较级The more you read, the wiser you become.(书读得越多,你越聪明。)八、快速记忆口诀比较等级有三级,原级、比较和最高;原级用 as...as,否定 not so/as...as;比较级 + than,前可加 much 和 even;最高级 + in/of,the 在前莫忘记;规则变化加 er/est,不规则变化特殊记!1.________ make any noise in the library.A.No B.Don’t C.Doesn’t2.________ more exercise and you’ll lose weight successfully.A.Takes B.Taking C.Take3.There ________ a notice on the wall. It says we will go camping tomorrow.A.is B.are C.was4.Jerry ________ in the classroom just now.A.is B.was C.were5.—Is the Yangtze River the ________ river in China —Yes, it’s over 6,300 kilometers long.A.long B.longer C.longest6.—The floor is ______ clean ______ it was yesterday.—Sorry, I forgot to clean it.A.as; as B.more; than C.not so; as7.—Does the dish taste as ________ as it looks —Yes, it does.A.well B.good C.better8.—Hurry up! We’re going to be late for the movie.—________ a minute, please! I can’t find my ticket.A.To wait B.You wait C.Wait9.—Dale, ________ to check your paper before you hand it in.—Sure, I will.A.remembers B.to remember C.remember10.—Danniel, ________ run in the hallways.—Sorry, Ms. Wang.A.not B.don’t C.doesn’t11.—Dad, have you got any advice for me before I leave for the match —________ deep breaths if nervous, and believe in yourself! Good luck!A.Taking B.To take C.Take12.—Do you like Beijing Opera —Yes. It ________ really beautiful.A.sounds B.tastes C.smells13.—I’m home, Mom. How nice it ________!—Guess what! I bought a cake for your birthday.A.tastes B.smells C.sounds14.Alice prefers stories ________ short and funny.A.that are B.who are C.that is15.—Do you want to take the red T-shirt or the blue one —________. The red one is for me and the blue one is for my sister.A.Either B.All C.Both16.She likes ________ juice nor milk. She prefers coffee.A.both B.neither C.either17.—She can’t play table tennis. What about you —I can’t, ________. I am not good at any sports.A.also B.too C.either18.My parents are ________ kind to me.A.both B.all C.every19.Kangkang ________ his sister to do homework just now.A.teaches B.taught C.is teaching20.—Good for you. You ________ the best player in the final game last Monday!—Thank you.A.won B.win C.are winning21.In the Zhou Dynasty, Chinese people ________ winter ice and enjoyed it in summer.A.store B.stored C.will store22.The experts ________ for 12 hours and finally they got out safely.A.walk B.walked C.are walking23.There ________ two foreign teachers in our school last year.A.are B.was C.were24.It was Saturday yesterday. My parents and I ________ to the park to enjoy the flowers.A.go B.goes C.went25.Oracle Bones Script (甲骨文), the ______ Chinese written characters, gives us valuable views into ancient Chinese beliefs and society.A.early B.earlier C.earliest26.I think paper is one of _______ inventions ever in the world. Cai Lun made a really great contribution to papermaking.A.creative B.more creative C.the most creative27.— How was your school trip —It was wonderful. We went to the Changbai Mountains. It’s one of ________ natural wonders in Jilin Province.A.famous B.more famous C.the most famous28.—The scarves are all beautiful. I can’t decide which one to choose.—Oh, look at this red one. I think it’s ________.A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.the most beautiful29.I think Hainanese Chicken Rice is the ________ food that I’ve ever had.A.delicious B.more delicious C.most delicious30.The population of Changchun is much ________ than that of Yanji.A.large B.larger C.largest31.The ________ we do for other people, the ________ we will be.A.much; happier B.more; happier C.much; happy32.Jane is a smart girl in the class who is prettier than ________.A.any other girls B.any other girl C.any others33.Traveling by bus is ________ nowadays than in the past.A.the most comfortable B.comfortable C.more comfortable34.—What do you think of the performance during the ceremony of the Olympics —Amazing! It couldn’t be ________.A.good B.better C.best35.—Mummy, could you buy me a dress like this —Certainly. We can buy ______ one than this, but ________ this.A.a better; better than B.a worse; as good as C.a cheaper; as good as36.Lily’s English is good and her Chinese is ________ her English.A.as good as B.as well C.as long as37.—Attention, please! ________ inside. It is raining heavily outside.—We will, Mr. Li.A.To stay B.Stay C.Staying38.—I worry about my English test (考试).—_________ care about the grades too much if you do your best.A.Not B.Don’t C.Doesn’t39._________ be late for school, Michael.A.Don’t B.Doesn’t C.Not40.—Allen, ________ in the hallways!—Sorry, Miss Chen.A.doesn’t run B.don’t run C.not run41.—I’m home, Dad. How nice it ________!—Your mother is making cakes in the kitchen.A.tastes B.smells C.sounds42.She isn’t a good cook. Her dishes (菜) look ________ but ________ terrible (糟糕的).A.delicious, tastes B.tasty, taste C.good, tasty43.The rock music ________ noisy.A.listens B.sounds C.hears44.—How long will it take you to complete the object —Two months ________ enough.A.are B.is C.was45.Spending time with family and friends ________ very important to us.A.are B.is C.were46.—Is there ________ reading in the classroom now —________ is there. Look! The light is on.A.anyone; Anyone B.someone; Anyone C.anyone; Someone47.—I can’t play chess. What about you, Linda —I can’t play chess, ________.A.too B.also C.either48.There are many trees and flowers on ________ sides of the road.A.all B.both C.none49.—Helen, why didn’t you come to the party yesterday —Oh, I ________ for the speech competition.A.am preparing B.prepare C.prepared50.Judy ________ the volleyball club two years ago.A.joins B.joined C.is joining 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 知识过关第3讲 语法【核心考点集训】2025年外研版(2024)七年级英语下册期末复习学案(原卷版).docx 知识过关第3讲 语法【核心考点集训】2025年外研版(2024)七年级英语下册期末复习学案(解析版).docx