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(共28张PPT)
第十讲
名词性从句
名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点，也是热点。名词性从
句相当于名词，可作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此，
名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句
(见下表)。
名词性从句 连接词
主语从句 用 that, who, whether, if ( 不用于句首), what ( ＝the
thing that)等连接词引导
宾语从句 用 that ( 可 省 略 ), if, whether (or not), what ( ＝ the
thing which)等连接词引导
表语从句 用 that ( 一 般 不 省 略 ), whether, what ( ＝ the thing
which)等连接词引导
同位语从句 用 that (常指代 news, thought, idea 等词), whether 等
连接词引导
结构 常见句型
It is＋名词＋主语从句 It is a fact/pity that...事实是……/遗憾的是……/It is an honour that...非常荣幸……/It is common knowledge that...……是常识/It is a question＋疑问词...问题是……
一、主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语
动词之前或由形式主语 it 代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1.用 it 作形式主语的结构
结构 常见句型
It is＋形容词＋主语从句 It is clear that...……很清楚/It is surprising that...令人惊讶的是……
It＋不及物动词＋主语从句 It seems that...似乎……/It happens that...碰巧……/It appears that...看来……
It is/has been＋过去分词＋主语从句 It is reported/said/believed that...据报道/据说/人们认为……/It has been proved that...已证实……
(续表)
说明 例句
if 引导的主语从句不可
位于复合句句首 It's unknown whether/if he will come.(正)
Whether he will come or not is unknown.
(正)
If he will come or not is unknown.(误)
It is said/reported that...结
构中的主语从句不可提
前 It is said that Jack will visit our school next
week.(正)
Jack will visit our school next week is said.
(误)
2.主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
说明 例句
It happens that.../It occurs to sb.that...结构中的主语从句不可提前 It occurred to him that he failed in the
examination.(正)
That he failed in the examination occurred
to him.(误)
It doesn't matter how/ whether...结构中的主语从句不可提前 It doesn't matter whether he is right or not.
(正)
Whether he is right or not doesn't matter.
(误)
(续表)
说明 例句
含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前 Is it likely that it will rain in the evening
(正)
Is that it will rain in the evening likely
(误)
(续表)
说明 例句
作动
词的
宾语 由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略) My father always says (that) no pains, no gains.我的父亲常常说，不劳无获。
由what, whether/if, when, where, who等引导的宾语从句 He went to see who was outside.他过去看是谁在外面。
动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句 She explained to the teacher why she was late this morning.她向老师解释今早她为什么迟到。
二、宾语从句
宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句
谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
说明 例句
作介词的宾语(通常由疑问词what, whether, when, where, how等引导) According to what he has said, he must have known the truth.根据他所说的，他一定已经知道了真相。
作形容词的宾语 I am very glad that you can come to the
party.我很高兴你能来参加派对。
it 作形式宾语 The headmaster has made it clear that
smoking is not allowed in the school. 校
长明确表明学校里不准吸烟。
(续表)
说明 例句
否定前移(若主句主语为第一人称，且
谓 语 动 词 为 think, consider, suppose,
believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine
等时，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意
义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语
上，从句谓语用肯定式) We don't think he likes the toy.我们认
为他不喜欢这个玩具。
(续表)
三、表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之
后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从
句的连系动词有 be、look、remain、seem 等。引导表语从句的引
导词that一般不省略。另外，常用的含有表语从句的结构还有“The
reason why...is that...”“It/This/That is because...” “It/This/That is
why...”等。如：
The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the early
bus.他上学迟到的原因是他错过了早班车。
＝He was late for school.That is because he missed the early bus.
＝He missed the early bus.That is why he was late for school.
四、同位语从句
同位语从句是在复合句中作同位语的名词性从句，通常由 that
引导，对名词做进一步的解释说明或说明名词的具体内容。在表
示疑问或问题的名词 question、problem 等后，也有用疑问词引导
的同位语从句。如：
News came that he had been admitted to a key university.有消息
说他被一所重点大学录取了。
He put forward a question in the meeting who will take charge of
the new department.他在会议上提出谁来负责这个新部门的问题。
五、特别提醒
1.whether、if (是否)引导名词性从句的区别
(1)放在句首引导主语从句或出现 or not 时，只能用 whether
引导。
(2)if 不能引导表语从句。
(3)if 不能引导介词后的宾语从句。
(4)宾语从句是否定句时只能用 if。
(5)discuss 后的宾语从句只能用 whether 引导。
注意：doubt 意为“怀疑”，后接宾语从句时，如果主句是肯
定句，宾语从句用 whether 或 if 引导；如果主句是否定句或疑问
句，宾语从句只能用 that 引导。如：
I doubt whether/if he is fit for the job.我怀疑他是否胜任这份工
作。
I don't doubt that he can do it very well.他能把它做得很好，我
不怀疑。
2.表示建议、命令、要求等意义的名词性从句要用“(should)
＋动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略。如：
My suggestion is that he (should) be told the truth.我的建议是要
告诉他事实。
He insisted that the meeting (should) be held according to the
schedule.他坚持认为会议应该按议程进行。
The general made the order that every soldier (should) be well-
prepared for the coming battle.将军命令每个士兵都要为即将开始
的战斗做好准备。
It is the teacher's command that all the homework (should) be
handed in tomorrow morning.老师要求所有家庭作业都要在明天上
午上交。
单句语法填空
1.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews
in English with international journalists.This is ________ they need an
English trainer.
why 考查表语从句。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国
际记者的采访。这就是为什么他们需要英语培训师的原因。根据
句意可知，空后表原因。故填 why。
2.(2022· 1 月浙江卷)Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference
organizers who invited her to speak ________ she could do so
remotely...
whether/if 考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb 开始
询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。分析句子结构可知，ask
后面为宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if (是否)符合语
境。故填 whether/if。
3.(2022·新课标Ⅱ卷)“He saved my son's life,” said Mrs Brown.
“I don't know ________ to thank him.”
how 考查宾语从句。句意：“他救了我儿子的命，”布朗夫
人说。“我不知道该怎么感谢他。”分析句子结构及句意可知，
know 后需要疑问词＋不定式作宾语。故填 how。
4.(2021· 北 京 卷)The poor woman wasn't able to give him any
information about ________ she lived.
where 考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚
她住在哪里。介词 about 后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用 where
(在哪里；……的地方)符合句意，从句中作地点状语。故填 where。
5.(2021· 6 月天津卷)It seemed that I had become ________ my
parents had wanted me to be.
what
考查宾语从句。句意：我似乎变成了我父母希望我成
为的样子。动词 become 后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从
句中的 be 缺少表语，所填词应该起双重作用。故填 what。
6.(2021· 3 月天津卷)What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she
always has so many crazy ideas.
why 考查表语从句。句意：Lily 的朋友们不明白 Lily 为什么
总是有这么多疯狂的想法。分析句子结构及句意可知，该空需要
一个表语从句的连接词，故填 why。
7.(2020·7月浙江卷)Over thousands of years, they began to depend
less on ___________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and
more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
what
考查宾语从句。句意：几千年来，他们开始越来越少
地依赖从野外打猎或采集的东西，而更多地依赖于自己饲养的动
物和自己播种的庄稼。分析句子结构可知，depend less on 后为宾
语从句，空格处缺从句主语，表示“什么，……的东西”，用what
引导。故填 what。
8.(2020·江苏卷)It is not a problem _______ we can win the battle;
it's just a matter of time.
whether/if
考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不
是问题；这只是时间问题。分析句子结构可知，it 是形式主语，
whether 引导的从句是真正的主语。故填 whether/if。
9.(2020· 7 月天津卷)The student completed this experiment to
make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said.
what
考查宾语从句。句意：这个学生完成了这个实验，使
约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实。分析句子结构可知，该句的句子结
构为：make＋宾语从句＋宾语补足语；其中宾语从句置于宾语补
足语的后面。因此设空处引导宾语从句，从句中 said 后面缺少宾
语，表示“什么，……的事情”，用 what 引导。故填 what。
10.(2019· 新课标 Ⅰ卷)While they are rare north of 88°, there is
evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far
south as James Bay in Canada.
that
考查同位语从句。句意：虽然它们在 88°以北很罕见，
但有证据表明，它们的活动范围横跨北极，甚至远至加拿大的詹
姆斯湾。分析句子结构可知，主句为 there be 句型，且句子结构完
整，空格后为同位语从句，解释 evidence 的具体内容，引导词在
从句中不作成分，因此使用 that 引导同位语从句。故填 that。

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