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(共28张PPT)
专题四
完形填空
一、题型要求
完形填空题共 15 题，每小题 1 分。本题在约 200 词的短文中
留出 15 个空白，要求考生从每题所给的 4 个选项中选出最佳选项，
使补全后的短文意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。
二、命题分析
(一)考查语境语义和逻辑推理
完形填空题的篇章多为记叙文或夹叙夹议，也有说明文或议
论文。文章的词、句、段三者之间存在着内在的逻辑关系。因此，
文章中的段与段、句与句之间都会有逻辑上的必然联系。记叙文
主要按照时间顺序展开；议论文一般围绕中心议题，依据逻辑推
理关系铺陈；而说明文则主要是通过解释概念来说明事物的本质
与特征。考生要从上下文中寻找有关的提示或暗示信息，抓住含
有关键信息的词句，对文章的情节进行逻辑推理。
(二)考查词汇复现
复现信息包括原词复现、同义词或反义词复现、同源词复现
等。词汇复现使得语篇中的句子衔接连贯，意义完整。
(三)考查词语搭配
通常情况下，完形填空中对搭配的考查主要有两种：一是固
定搭配(多数为固定短语)；二是结构搭配(以动词搭配为主)。有时
试题题干中的四个选项仅从搭配角度看都没有错误，但需联系上
下文语境，从而确定最佳选项。
(四)考查背景常识
将文段信息与已有的文化背景知识和生活常识等结合起来，
进行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。
上下文关系 常见标志词
并列或递进 and, or, also, neither...nor..., either...or..., likewise,
similarly, in the same way, that is to say, as well as,
equally, the same...as, additionally, furthermore, besides,
moreover, what's more, in addition (to)
顺序 before, after, to begin with, first, firstly, second,
secondly, then, next, finally
表示上下文逻辑关系的常见标志词
上下文关系 常见标志词
转折 but, however, though, whereas, nevertheless, yet, on the
contrary, otherwise, on the other hand
让步 although, though, despite, in spite of, after all, even
though/if
解释 that is to say, in other words
因果 so, therefore, thus, because, as a result, consequently,
hence, for this reason, since
(续表)
上下文关系 常见标志词
条件 if, unless, provided that, in case (of)
例证 likewise, similarly, for example, for instance,
incidentally, indeed, in fact, in particular, that is
概括总结 in brief, in short, in conclusion, in a word, on the whole,
generally speaking, to sum up, to summarize, to
conclude
(续表)
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出
可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I've
been
motivated—and
demotivated—by
other
folks'
achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend __1__ a marathon
race.Feeling motivated, I started running __2__, but then two things
happened.First, a girl I met one day told me she was __3__ for a
“super ，” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon.Then, the next
day I went on my longest run—15 miles.To be honest, I __4__ it!
Between the girl making my __5__ seem small and the pure boredom
of jogging, I decided that the only __6__ I'd ever run again is if a big
dog was running after me!
So I __7__ cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I __8__ of
entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While
she was at work one day, I __9__ her bike and went for a ride.The
__10__: The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be
riding uphill for miles at a time.I'd never faced such __11__.That day,
I got __12__ by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.
When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as
__13__.
I've __14__ a lot since then.I've come to accept that whatever
__15__ I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
本文是一篇记叙文。它详细叙述了作者在不同阶段对不同运
动(跑步和骑自行车)的兴趣和经历，并通过这些经历反映了作者的
成长和心理变化。
1. A.knew
C.won
B.held
D.quit
C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋
友赢得了马拉松比赛。A.knew 知道；B.held 抓住；C.won 赢得；
D.quit 退出。根据下文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，
所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选 C。
2. A.regularly
C.proudly
B.silently
D.recently
A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，
但后来发生了两件事。A.regularly 有规律地；B.silently 默默地；
C.proudly 自豪地；D.recently 最近。根据上文“Feeling motivated”
可知，作者有了动力，所以应是定期跑步，符合语境。故选 A。
3. A.asking
C.waiting
B.looking
D.training
D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女
孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是 52.4 英里的双
马拉松。A.asking 要求；B.looking 看；C.waiting 等待；D.training
训练。根据下文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，
女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境。故选 D。
4. A.made
C.hated
B.believed
D.deserved
C
考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它！A.made
制作；B.believed 相信；C.hated 讨厌；D.deserved 值得。根据上文
“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及下
文 “Between the girl making my __5__ seem small and the pure
boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长跑了 15 miles 和女孩一比微不
足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选 C。
5. A.advantage
C.contribution
B.achievement
D.influence
B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显
得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就
是有一只大狗在追我！ A.advantage 优势；B.achievement 成就；
C.contribution 贡献；D.influence 影响。根据上文“Then, the next
day I went on my longest run—15 miles.”以及下文“seem small”可知，
作者最长跑了 15 miles，而女孩在为 52.4 miles 做训练，所以应是
作者的成就微不足道。故选 B。
6. A.way
C.place
B.risk
D.reason
D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显
得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就
是有一只大狗在追我！A.way 方式；B.risk 风险；C.place 地方；
D.reason 理 由 。 根 据 下 文 “I'd ever run again is if a big dog was
running after me！”可知，有一只大狗在追“我”，“我”才会再
跑步，这里说的是跑步的原因。故选 D。
7. A.gave up
C.turned to
B.went on
D.dealt with
C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我开始骑自行车。A.gave
up 放弃；B.went on 继续；C.turned to 转向；D.dealt with 处理。根
据上文“I decided that the only __6__ I'd ever run again is if a big
dog was running after me！”可知，作者决定放弃跑步，所以此处
应是转向骑自行车。故选 C。
8. A.heard
C.complained
B.dreamed
D.approved
B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直
到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我妹妹。A.heard 听到；B.dreamed 梦想；
C.complained 抱怨；D.approved 批准。根据下文“of entering cycle
races”结合选项可知，此处应是作者梦想着参加自行车比赛，符合
语境。故选 B。
9. A.painted
C.bought
B.borrowed
D.parked
B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天她上班的时候，我借了
她的自行车去兜风。A.painted 把……描绘成；B.borrowed 借；
C.bought 买；D.parked 停(车)。根据上文“I flew to San Diego to
visit my sister”以及下文“went for a ride”可知，作者去看妹妹，
所以要去骑行的话，应是向妹妹借自行车。故选 B。
10. A.problem
C.principle
B.secret
D.advice
A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是：那里的道路穿过很大
的山谷，我一次要骑上坡好几英里。A.problem 问题；B.secret 秘
密；C.principle 原则；D.advice 建议。根据下文“I'd be riding uphill
for miles at a time.I'd never faced such __11__.”可知，作者要骑上
坡好几英里，这对他来说，是一个问题。故选 A。
11. A.dangers
C.opponents
B.events
D.challenges
D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过这样的挑战。
A.dangers 危险；B.events 事件；C.opponents 对手；D.challenges
挑战。根据上文“The __10__： The roads there went through large
valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知，作者要
骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说是一个挑战。故选 D。
12. A.passed
C.admired
B.convinced
D.stopped
A
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，我被大约 100 个习惯
了这种道路的“当地”骑自行车的人超过了。A.passed 超过；
B.convinced 说服；C.admired 欣赏；D.stopped 阻止。根据上文“I'd
never faced such __11__.”可知，作者骑上坡好几英里是个挑战，
所以是被很多人超过。故选 A。
13. A.reliable
C.familiar
B.convenient
D.appealing
D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我回到家，突然骑自行车
似乎不那么吸引人了。A.reliable 可信赖的；B.convenient 方便的；
C.familiar 熟悉的；D.appealing 吸引人的。根据上文“That day, I
got __12__ by about 100 ‘local’ bikers who were used to such roads.”
可知，作者那天骑行被 100 多人超过，所以此时是觉得骑自行车
似乎不那么吸引人了。故选 D。
14. A.traveled
C.missed
B.matured
D.worried
B
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后我成熟了很多。
A.traveled 旅行；B.matured (情感和认识)成熟；C.missed 思念；
D.worried 担心。根据下文“I've come to accept that whatever __15__
I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，作者不再轻易放
弃，所以是成熟了很多。故选 B。
15. A.limits
C.goals
B.dates
D.tests
C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经开始接受这样一个事实：
无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的。A.limits 限
制；B.dates 日期；C.goals 目标；D.tests 测试。根据下文“I set for
myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，此处应是“无论我为自
己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的”，符合语境。故选 C。

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