资源简介 (共78张PPT)选择性必修第四册UNIT 1SCIENCE FICTION核心单词阅读词汇1.bonus n.意外收获;奖金;红利2.integrity n.诚实正直;完整;完好3.nail n.指甲;趾甲;钉子 vt.(用钉子)钉牢;固定4.ladder n.梯子;阶梯5.rumour n.谣言;传闻6.presume vt.& vi.假设;假定7.fare n.车费;船费;飞机票价8.chairwoman n.女主席;女董事长;女委员长9.gramme n.克(重量单位)10.flour n.面粉;(谷物磨成的)粉11.venue n.活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)12.alien n.外星人(生物);外国人 adj.陌生的;外星的;外国的13.blurred adj.模糊不清的;难以区分的14.leather n.皮革;[pl.]皮衣;皮外套15.lever n.操纵杆;杠杆16.panel n.控制板;仪表盘;专家咨询组17.backwards adv.向后;倒着;往回18.hazy adj.模糊的;朦胧的;困惑的19.handkerchief n.手帕;纸巾20.lamp n.灯;台灯21.puff n.(烟、气等的)一缕;少量;喘息22.jolt n.震动;摇晃;颠簸 vt.& vi.(使)震动:摇晃23.flip vt.& vi.(使)快速翻转;(用手指)轻抛24.stun vt.使震惊;使昏迷25.overstatement n.夸大;夸张fictionridiculousdignitysalary高频词汇1.________ n.小说:虚构的事2.________ adj.愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的3.________ n.庄重;庄严;尊严4.________ n.薪水;薪金absurdguilty5.________ adj.荒谬的;荒唐的6.________ adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的7.________ vt.悬;挂;暂停;暂缓8.________ vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除9.________ conj.然而;但是;尽管10.________ adj.每周的 n.周刊suspenddismiss11._________ adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的whereasweeklysuperiorlabour12.________ n.劳动(者);体力劳动 vi.奋斗;努力工作13.________ n.英寸(长度单位,等于 2.54 厘米)inch14.________ vt.& vi.紧握;抓紧15.________ vt.(去)拿来;(去)请来16.________ n. 速度;步伐;节奏vt.& vi.确定速度;调整节奏gripfetchpacerandom17.________ adj.随机的;不可思议的拓展词汇1.________ vt.任命;委派→appointment n.预约;约会;委任2.saleswoman n.女售货员;女推销员→________ n.售货员;推销员appointsalesmandeclare3.________ vt.表明;宣称;公布→declaration n.宣告;宣言;宣布calculationcalculatoraction4.calculate vt. 计算;核算;预测→_____________ n. 计算→_____________ n.计算器5.inaction n.无行动;不采取措施→________ n.行动;行为6.niece n.侄女;外甥女→________ n.侄子;外甥7.________ vi.& vt.划分;分割;分配;分开→division n.分开;分隔;差异;除(法)nephewdivide8.urge n. 强烈的欲望;冲动vt. 催促;力劝;大力推荐→________ adj.急迫的;迫切的;紧急的→________ n.急迫性9.maximum adj.最大极限的n.最大量;最大限度→________adj.最小极限的 n.最小量;最小限度urgenturgency10.explode vi.& vt.爆炸;爆破→________ n.爆炸;爆发;激增11.mud n.泥;泥浆→________ adj.泥泞的;多泥的minimumexplosionmuddy熟词生义1.labour【熟义】 n.劳动(者);体力劳动 vi.奋斗;努力工作【生义】 vi.艰难地做【典例】 She is labouring under an unfair disadvantage.她在不公平的劣势下艰难地工作。2.explode【熟义】 vi.& vt.爆炸;爆破【生义】 vi.(情感) 迸发【典例】 “What happened!” I exploded.“出什么事了!”我情绪爆发了。outmoreonandtoover重点短语1.test ________ 检验;测试2.________ like 更像是;更接近3.________ a ...basis 根据;以……的方式(基准)4.pros ________ cons 事物的利与弊;支持与反对5.superior ________ 比……更好;更胜一筹6.take ________ 占上风;取而代之;接管;接手withoutawayan7.conflict ________ 与……冲突或抵触8.turn ________ 关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是9.fall ________ (逐渐)减少;消失10.have ________ urge to 有强烈的欲望做某事精选佳句教材原句wasbeingsensitive1.Tony told her she ________ ________ ________ and was justas good as Gladys.托尼对克莱尔说,她这样想有点敏感,其实她就像格拉迪斯一样好。句式结构句式 1:be being+adj.为进行时结构,是强调形容词的一种形式教材原句invite2.He suggested that she ________ Gladys and her friends to thehouse the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.他建议她邀请格拉迪斯和她的朋友来家里,在他离开和拉里回来的前一天晚上。句式结构句式 2:suggest 引导宾语从句时,从句用虚拟语气教材原句thatandthat3.She heard him declare ________ he did not want to leave herthe next day, ________ ________ he felt more than just the desire toplease her.她听见他说他明天不想离开她,他感觉到的不仅仅是想让她高兴。句式结构句式 3:动词 declare 后接宾语从句,第一个宾语从句中的 that可以省略,而第二个 that 不可以省略Itwasatteno'clocktodaythat教材原句4.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________________ the first of all Time Machines began its career.今天十点钟,第一台时间机器开始了它的工作。句式结构句式 4:it is/was...that...为强调句句型教材原句Asmypacegrewfaster5.________ ________ ________ ________ ________, the wallsof the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air.随着我的步伐加快,实验室的墙壁消失了,我被留在了户外。句式结构句式 5:as 意为“随着……”时,引导时间状语从句课文复现A household robot named Tony was going to be tested 1._______in a family by Claire.Claire didn't like the idea at the beginning, butshe agreed to it at last.At her first sight of Tony, Claire was 2._______(alarm), for the robot seemed more like a human 3._______ a machine,handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice.When Tony offered4.___________ (help) her dressing, Claire felt embarrassed.Clairecomplained that she wasn't clever so Tony showed sympathy for her,which she thought was ridiculous.5.______________ (gradual), Tonyoutalarmedthanto helpGraduallybegan to win Claire's trust.As a favour, Tony helped Claire makeherself smarter and her home more elegant.In 6.________ expensiveclothes shop, when the saleswoman was rude to her, she 7.________(ring) Tony up for help.Tony made the woman change her attitude andClaire thanked Tony, 8.________ (say) that he was a “dear”.However,Claire saw that Gladys Claffern was also there and Claire felt9.________ (guilt).Claire wept after arriving home and to comfort her,Tony suggested she 10.____________ (invite) Gladys and her friendsto the house which would have been completely transformed by then.anrangsayingguilty(should) inviteappointedguilty1.To my great sorrow, my girlfriend didn't turn up at the _______(appoint) time.2.My mind went blank and I felt ________ (guilt) about notanswering the question correctly.will be dismissed3.The chairwoman has declared that 100 workers _____________(dismiss) before the deadline—June 10.4.They recite Tang poems ________ a regular basis and thus ,they are good at Chinese.onisexplosion5.Among the crisis that humans are facing ________ (be) thelack of natural resources.6.The reason for the ________ (explode) is not that people havebeen reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped droppingdead like flies.to7.Of the two formats, I think this one is superior ________ theother one.8.The boy shows no sympathy for other students and oftenconflicts ________ them.with9.As a science student, I never felt an urge _______________(appreciate) any literary works.to appreciatecalculations10.(2020·新课标Ⅰ卷)According to most _________ (calculate),race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about800 calories per hour, which is approximately twice as many as theywould burn walking.1.appointment n.预约;约会;委任【典例】①His appointment made everyone very happy.他的任命使大家很高兴。②My teacher made a suggestion that I should apologise to youfor failing to keep the appointment. 我的老师建议我为没能赴约向你道歉。【归纳】take up an appointment as...担任……(职务)make/have/fix an appointment with sb.和某人约会keep/break an appointment 守约/违约【拓展】(1)appoint vt.约定;确定(时间、地点等);任命;委派appoint sb.(as/to be)...任命某人(为……)appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事appoint a date/place for sth.为某事约定好日期/地点(2)appointed adj.指定的;约定的【即学即用】单句语法填空appointmentappointed(1)I have an ___________ (appoint) with Dr Smith, but I need tochange it.(2)My mother didn't turn up at the ________ (appoint) time; thatis, she broke an appointment.完成句子,每空一词(3)他被任命为我们的班长,这是令人信服的。________ ______________ ________ ________ ________ isconvincing.Hisappointmentasourmonitorwasappointedtotakechargeof(4)我被任命负责安排那天的所有活动。I ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________arranging all the activities on that day.(5)罗伯特和戏剧俱乐部的领导约好了见面。Robert had ________ _______ __________ _______ the head ofthe Drama Club.madeanappointmentwith2.declare vt.表明;宣称;公布【典例】①In September 1939, Britain declared war on Germany afterGermany invaded Poland.1939 年 9 月,德国入侵波兰后,英国向德国宣战。②The area has been declared to be a national park.该地区已被宣布为国家公园。③Our country had declared against any war between the twocountries, which will be announced to the nation.我国已经宣布反对两国之间的任何战争,这将向全国宣布。【归纳】declare war (on...) (向……)宣战declare for/against sb./sth.表示赞成/反对某人/某物declare sb./sth.to be/as...宣布某人/某事为……declare oneself+adj.宣称自己……It is/was declared that...据宣布……单词 用法declare 通常指正式、明确地向公众“宣布;宣告;声明”。侧重“当众”发表,多用于宣战、议和、宣判等,往往带有权威性,其后可接复合宾语announce 指正式地“公开;发表;宣布”,侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情,尤指新闻之类的消息。当其后接间接宾语时,要在间接宾语前加 to【辨析】 declare 与 announce【拓展】declaration n.声明;宣告the declaration of war 宣战【即学即用】单句语法填空against(1)The chairwoman proposed dismissing the organization,but themajority declared ________ her proposal.完成句子(2)1939 年,这个国家向邻国宣战,这导致了另一场世界大战的爆发。declared war on its neighboring countryIn 1939,this country __________________________________,which led to the outbreak of another world war.(3)一年一度的慕尼黑啤酒节在宣布开幕的那一刻,在场的人们爆发出雷鸣般的欢呼声。was declared openThe moment the annual Oktoberfest ______________________,people present burst into thunderous cheers.3.calculate vt.计算;核算;预测【典例】①It is roughly calculated that in 1997 alone, about 2.3 millionpeople died of AIDS.据粗略统计,仅在 1997 年,就有 230 万人死于艾滋病。②Sally calculated that she would have about $100 left. 莎莉估计她还剩大约 100 美元。③She is calculated to complete her study and graduate later thisyear.她计划在今年晚些时候完成学业并毕业。【归纳】calculate that...计算出……It is/has been calculated that...据估算……be calculated to do sth.计划做某事【拓展】(1)calculation n.计算;估算;推测(2)calculated adj.精心策划的;蓄意的(3)calculating adj.精明的(4)calculator n.计算器(5)表示 “计划做某事 ”的短语还有: be due to do sth. , bescheduled to do sth.等。【即学即用】单句语法填空thatto calculate(1)I calculated ________ we would arrive at 6:00 p.m.(2)The painting is so valuable that it is difficult _____________(calculate) what its price would be.calculation(3)Experiment and _________ (calculate) cannot do all its work.完成句子,每空一词(4)据计算,去年至少丧失了 47,000 个工作岗位。________ ________ ________ ___________ ________ at least47,000 jobs were lost last year.Ithasbeencalculatedthat4.division n.分开;分隔;差异;除(法)【典例】①There was a division of opinion on the matter.在这个问题上意见有分歧。②In groups discuss what the possible work division wasbetween men and women.小组讨论男女之间可能的工作分工。③The course book is divided into 30 lessons.这本教材有 30 课。【归纳】a division of ……的分歧the division between...and...……和……的分界单词 用法 例句divide 通常指把整体分为若干部分,其后常接介词 into The world is divided into seven continents. 世界被分成七大洲。Divide the money among the six of you. 这 笔钱你们六个人分。separate 通常指把原来连在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来,其后常接介词 from We'd better separate the good ones from thebad ones.我们最好把好的和坏的分开。She doesn't want to be separated from him. 她不想和他分开。【辨析】 divide 与 separate【拓展】divide vi.&vt.(把……)分成(若干部分) vt.把……隔开;分配;分享divide...into...把……分成……be divided into...被划分为……divide (up) sth.among/between...在……之间分配/分享某物【即学即用】单句语法填空divisionfrom(1)To his parents' joy, the boy has learnt to do ________ (divide).(2)The capacity to think separates humans ________ animals.完成句子,每空一词bedividedinto(3)该国可以被分为三个主要地区。The country can ________ ________ ________ three main areas.5.urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动 vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐【典例】①I have a strong urge to travel all over the world.我有到世界各地旅行的强烈愿望。②The expert urges that young couples should set aside somemoney every month in case of emergency.专家敦促年轻夫妇每个月应该留出一些钱以备不时之需。【归纳】the urge to do sth.做某事的欲望have an urge to do sth.有做某事的冲动urge sb.to do sth.敦促某人做某事urge sth.on/upon sb.强烈要求某人某事【点津】(1)urge that...竭力主张……(从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略)(2)It is/was urged that...坚决主张……(从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略)【拓展】(1)urgent adj.紧急的;紧迫的in urgent need of...急需……(2)urgency n.紧急;紧迫a matter of great urgency 极为迫切的问题【即学即用】单句语法填空urgent(1)I am really sorry to have you waiting for so long,but I reallyhad something ________ (urge) to deal with.完成句子who has/feels an urge to speak fluent English(2)(2022· 3 月天津卷)任何渴望说流利英语的人都可以报名参加我们的口语俱乐部。Anyone ____________________________________ can registerfor our Spoken English Club.(3)(2022·全国甲卷)为了更好地保护海洋,我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们不合适的行为并且做出改变。To protect oceans better,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.we must urge more people to reflecton their own improper behavior and make changes/we must urge thatmore people (should) reflect on their own improper behavior andmake changes/it is urged that more people (should) reflect on theirown improper behavior and make changes1.test out 检验;测试【典例】①This new kind of medicine is tested out on animals first. 这种新药首先被用在动物身上做试验。②We need to realise that if we are going to succeed, we have totry out.我们需要认识到,如果我们想要成功,我们必须尝试。③If you study in a systematic way, you won't leave anything out.如果你以一种系统的方式学习,你不会遗漏任何东西。【拓展】try out 尝试;考验;验证give out 分发;用完leave out 省略;遗漏set out (to do sth.)出发;开始(做某事)put out 扑灭make out 弄清楚;理解【即学即用】set outleave用上面的短语的适当形式填空(1)We ________________ to paint the whole house but finishedonly the front part that day.tested/tests outgave out(2)The teacher stressed again that the students should not ____________ any important details while retelling the story.(3)The long race ______________ the swimmers' endurance.(4)The teacher______________ the exam papers.out2.conflict with 与……冲突或抵触【典例】①John has a rigid character and often comes into conflict withhis boss.约翰是一个刻板的人,他经常和老板发生冲突。②She found herself in conflict with her parents over the futurecareer.她发现自己与父母在未来的职业问题上有分歧。【拓展】in conflict with sb.和某人冲突come into conflict with sb.与某人产生矛盾/发生冲突bring sb.into conflict with 使某人与……产生冲突the conflict between...and...和……之间的冲突conflict of interest(s)利益冲突【即学即用】conflictwith完成句子,每空一词(1)这些结果与先前的发现相矛盾。These results ________ ________ earlier findings.(2)这个故事讲述了爱与责任之间的经典冲突。The story tells of a classic ________ ________ ________________ ________.conflictbetweenloveandduty(3)她经常与婆婆发生冲突。She had often ________ ________ __________ ________ hermother-in-law.comeintoconflictwith(4)她发现自己在大学专业的问题上与父母存在分歧。She found herself ________ ________ ________ her parentsover her college major.inconflictwith3.turn out 关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是【典例】①The whole village turned out to welcome the hero. 全村的人都出来欢迎这位英雄。②He got his first book published.It turned out to be a bestseller.他的第一本书出版了。结果这本书成了畅销书。③Don't worry.I'm sure your missing glasses will turn up sooneror later.别担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会出现的。【归纳】turn out (to be)...最后结果是……;最终成为……It turns/turned out that...结果是……;证明是……【拓展】turn up 调高(音量等);出现;到来turn down 调低(音量等);拒绝turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)turn off 关掉(水、煤气、电灯等)turn around 转身turn over 移交;(使)翻转turn in 上交turn to 求助于【即学即用】用 turn 的相关短语并结合句意补全语段我的同事因病不得不把他的项目交给我。虽然我对这个项目没有把握,但我不能拒绝他。他承诺,无论何时我遇到无法解决的问题时都可以向他寻求指导。在我们的共同努力下,我按时提交了这个项目,结果非常成功。得知这个消息的那一刻,我带着鲜花来到医院,与同事分享了喜悦,同事对我表示祝贺和赞赏。My colleague had to __________________________ because ofhis illness.Though unsure about the project,I couldn't ____________.He promised that I could ___________________________ wheneverI came across problems that I couldn't solve.With our joint effort ,I________________________________,which __________________________________________.The moment I learned the news , I_______________________ with some flowers,sharing the joy withmy colleague,who showed congratulations and appreciation to me.turn over his project to meturn him downturn to him for guidanceturned in the project punctuallyturned out to beturned up in the hospitala great success1.He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to thehouse the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.(教材 P3)他建议她邀请格拉迪斯和她的朋友来家里,就在他离开和拉里回来的前一天晚上。【剖析】 suggest 表示“建议”后接宾语从句时,从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”,should可以省略。但当 suggest 表示“表明”后接宾语从句时,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气。【典例】①(2023·全国甲卷)However, research suggests that if we practicedpatience, we'd be a whole lot better off.然而,研究表明,如果我们练习耐心,我们会好得多。②The manager put forward a suggestion that we (should) havean assistant.经理建议我们应该有一个助手。【点津】(1)demand, recommend, order, require, insist, suggest, propose,advise, request, urge, command, prefer, desire 等动 词引 导的 宾语 从句中的虚拟语气结构为“(should+)动词原形”,should 可以省略。如:They insisted that the little boy (should) go with them.他们坚决要求那个小男孩跟他们一起去。(2)在主语从句“It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/a pity+that...”中,从句的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”,should 可以省略。如:It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.人们建议本次会议推迟到下周。(3)在 suggestion, proposal, order, plan, request, idea, advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是“(should+)动词原形”,should 可以省略。如:My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.我的意见是在接受之前我们要仔细考虑。【即学即用】完成句子,每空一词(1)了解到你对中国文化的浓厚兴趣,我建议你申请北京大学,中国最好的大学之一。youapplyforLearning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest_______ ________ _______ Peking University, one of the bestuniversities in China.shouldignoreproblems(2)我不是建议你们忽视问题,或者假装事情比实际情况更好。I don't suggest you ________ ________ ________ ,or that youpretend things are better than they are.(3)她的表情表明她已经困了,因此她父亲建议她立刻去睡觉。Her look suggested that ________ ________ ________, so herfather suggested that she ________ ________ ________ at once.shewassleepygotobed2.She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her thenext day, and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.(教材 P3)她听见他说他明天不想离开她,他感觉到的不仅仅是想让她高兴。【剖析】 句中 declare 后接两个宾语从句,用 and 连接。其中,第一个宾语从句中的 that 可以省略,而第二个 that 不可以省略。【典例】①(2021·1 月 浙 江 卷 )In a study of 33 years of trends in BodyMass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found thatpeople worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is dueto gains in BMI in rural areas.科学家们对全球 200 个国家 33 年来人们的体重指数的趋势进行了研究,发现全世界的人都在变胖,其中大部分原因是农村地区的体重指数增加。②My uncle says (that) he has served here for twenty years andthat he is going to retire next month.我叔叔说他在这儿工作已经二十年了,下个月即将退休。【点津】在 declare, say, believe, hope 等动词引导的宾语从句中,第一个宾语从句中的 that 可以省略,但 and 后面的 that 不能省略。如果引导的是多个宾语从句,第一个 that 可以省略,其他的 that 都不能省略。【即学即用】单句语法填空(1)She said (that) she would come,and________ she would bringher child.(2)I believe that you've done your best ________ that things willget better.thatand【句型升级】按要求完成句子Here are my tips on how to prepare for it.1.这是我的关于如何为之准备的建议。(here 位于句首的全部倒装句)(should) be told____________________________________________________2.He demanded to be told everything at any time.(改写句子)He demanded that he ________________ everything at any time.As she was attracted by the beauty of nature3.Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decidedto spend another two days on the farm.(改写句子)_____________________________________________, the girlfrom London decided to spend another two days on the farm.4.为了更好地保护海洋,我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们不适合的行为并且做出改变。①To protect oceans better, we ___________________________________________________________________________________and make changes.(urge sb.to do sth.)②To protect oceans better, we ___________________________________________________________________________________and make changes.(urge that...)must urge that more people(should) reflect on their own improper behaviourreflect on their own improper behaviourmust urge more people toThe new system is being tested out by them to see if it workswell.5.They are testing out the new system to see if it works well.(用被动语态改写句子)______________________________________________________________【语篇写作】写作课上,你协助修改同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改With the develop of science and technology, intelligent robotswill be widely used in the future.In families, robots will help peopledo some houseworks and take care of the elderly, babies andpatients.In addition on these tasks, robots will even be able to play thechess and do exercise with people.In factories, robots were going to beused to perform some dangerous jobs to avoid accidents.Robots willchange our future life in much ways, which will make more colourfuland comfortable.And we shouldn't depend on intelligent robots toomuch, for they are made to help humans rather than replacing us.Ashelpers of humans, robots should be used proper.With the development of science and technology, intelligentrobots will be widely used in the future.In families, robots will helppeople do some housework and take care of the elderly, babies andpatients.In addition to these tasks, robots will even be able to play thechess and do exercise with people.In factories, robots are going to beused to perform some dangerous jobs to avoid accidents.Robots willchange our future life in many ways, which will make it morecolourful and comfortable.But we shouldn't depend on intelligentrobots too much, for they are made to help humans rather than replaceus.As helpers of humans, robots should be used properly. 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览