资源简介

(共67张PPT)
UNIT 4
ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
核心单词
阅读词汇
1.adversity n.困境；逆境
2.wage n.工资
3.expedition n.探险；远征；探险队
4.vigour n.精力；力量；活力
5.cupboard n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
6.steward n.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员
7.crush vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎 n.拥挤的人群
8.stove n.炉具；厨房灶具
9.blanket n.毯子
10.banjo n.班卓琴(乐器)
11.voyage n.& vi.航海；航行
12.navy n.海军；海军部队
13.decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的
14.cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的
15.crew n.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；
一群人
16.bark vi.& n.(狗)吠叫；吠叫声
17.rugby n.橄榄球运动
18.bat n.球拍；蝙蝠 vi.& vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打
19.damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的
20.nephew n.侄子；外甥
21.corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的
22.navigator n.领航员；(飞机；船舶等上的)航行者
23.motor n.发动机；马达 adj.有引擎的；机动车的
24.episode n.(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲
25.motive n.动机；原因；目的
26.Confucianism n.孔子学说；儒家(学说)
高频词汇
1.________ adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
2.________ adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
3.________ vi.沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没
4.________ vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
abandon
5.____________________ adj.脾气好的/坏的
6.________ n.娱乐；消遣；游戏
good/bad-tempered
7.________ n.候选人；应试者
recreation
candidate
bitter
aboard
sink
拓展词汇
1.________ vt.忍耐；忍受；持续；持久→endurance n.忍耐力；
耐久力
endure
qualified
qualification
2.qualify vt.取得资格(或学历)；合格；使合格；使具备资格
→__________ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→
____________ n.资格；资历；资格证
3.__________ adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasm n.热情；热心
4.assign vt.分派；布置；分配→____________ n.工作；任务；
布置；分派
enthusiastic
assignment
5.________ n.& vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.羡慕的；嫉妒的
6.belong vi.属于→___________ n.[pl.]财物；动产
7.misery n.痛苦；悲惨→__________ adj.痛苦的；令人难受的
8.self n.自己；自我→________ adj.自私的→________ adj.无私
的→__________ adv.无私地
envy
belongings
9.________ adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的→genuinely adv.
真正地；真诚地
miserable
selfish
selfless
selflessly
10.persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求→___________ n.毅力；韧性；
不屈不挠的精神
genuine
perseverance
11.resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)
n.决心；
坚定的信念→__________ n.决议；解决；坚定
resolution
12._______ adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残酷地；
残忍地→________ n.残酷；残忍
cruel
cruelty
13.thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的→__________ adv.
彻底地；完全地
thoroughly
furnished
furniture
14.furnish vt.(为房屋或房间)配备家具→_________ adj.配备好
家具的→_________ n.家具
15.fortune n. 运气；财富→fortunate adj. 幸运的→__________
adv.幸运地→____________ adj.不幸的→___________ adv.不幸地；
遗憾地
fortunately
unfortunate
unfortunately
16.guide vt.指导 n.导游；指南；指导手册→_________ n.指导；
引导；导航
guidance
advertise
advertisement
17._________ vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→____________ n.
广告→advertising n.广告活动；广告业
18.rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→_______ adv.粗糙地；
粗略地
roughly
19.________ adj.忠诚的；忠实的→________ adv.忠诚地；忠
实地→loyalty n.忠诚；忠实
mit vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)
vi.忠于；全心全
意投入(工作、活动等)→___________ n.承诺；保证；奉献
loyal
loyally
commitment
熟词生义
1.blanket
【熟义】 n.毯子
【生义】 vt.以厚层覆盖
【典例】 Outside the fields were blanketed in fog.外面，田野
笼罩在雾里。
2.rough
【熟义】 adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
【生义】 adj.粗野的
【典例】 The other boys were rough.其他男孩子非常粗野。
down
up
it
on
in
off
重点短语
1.turn sb.________ 拒绝(某人)
2.keep one's spirits ________ 让某人情绪高涨
3.make ________ 成功；做到
4.hold ________ 稍等；(打电话)别挂断；坚持住；继续
5.become stuck ________ 陷入；困入
6.set ________ 出发，动身；点燃；使爆炸；引起
under
of
make
off
back
7.________ one's guidance 在某人的指导下
8.consist ________ 由……组成
9.________ fire 生火
10.give ________ 发出(热、光、气味或气体)
11.pay ________ 偿还；报复；回报
精选佳句
教材原句
it
happened
that
1.Well, _______ so _________ ________ one morning I bought
a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
哦，有一天早上我碰巧买了一份报纸，看到了南极探险的广告。
句式结构
句式 1：It＋特殊动词(词组)＋that 从句
教材原句
so
that
2.But I was ________ enthusiastic about the idea of going along
with them ________ I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance,
and hid in a small cupboard.但是我对和他们一起去的想法非常热
切，所以我偷偷地登上了他的船“坚忍”号，藏在一个小柜子里。
句式结构
句式 2：so...that...意为“如此……以至……”
教材原句
as
long
as
you
persevere
3.It will eventually lead to success _______ ________ _______
________ ________.只要你坚持不懈，最终就会成功。
句式结构
句式 3：as long as 引导条件状语从句
教材原句
If
it
weren't
for
4.________ ________ ________ ________ sea animals, we
would all starve.如果没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死。
句式结构
句式 4：if 引导的虚拟条件句
课文复现
My name is Perce Blackborow and I have been 1._________
(dream) of an expedition to Antarctica with Sir Ernest Shackleton.One
day, I read the 2.________________ (advertise) about the Antarctic
expedition in the newspaper, but when I applied to join it, I was turned
3.________ because I was too young and inexperienced.I got aboard
the ship without 4._________ (permit) and hid in a small cupboard,
but was discovered three days later.Shackleton assigned me 5._______
(be) a steward, and I cooked for twenty-eight men.How excited I was!
The journey was 6._________ (hard) than I expected.When we went
near the Antarctica, our ship became stuck 7.________ the ice and got
dreaming
advertisement
down
permission
to be
harder
in
crushed
abandoning
8.________ (crush).Before 9.______________ (abandon) the ship, we
were only allowed to take some of our necessities and throw away the
rest.We were camping on the ice, but with spring coming, the ice
began to melt.
Having struggled for days, the conditions on Elephant Island
were going from bad to worse.Shackleton left us to find help on South
Georgia Island, which is 1，330 kilometres away.There was no food on
the island except seals or penguins we sometimes caught.I was in low
spirit.However, with the genuine concern of Frank and Ernest, I was
filled with hope and thought there was 10.________ chance we would
return home, after all.
a
单句语法填空
sank/sunk
down
qualified
1.My heart ___________ (sink) when I was informed that my
moderate reforms ended up in failure.
2.When I submitted the regulations I designed to my boss, he
turned me ________ immediately.
3.Dozens of workers are ________ (qualify) for their jobs in the
international firm.
4.Our monitor is enthusiastic ________ creating a harmonious
campus and he often launches some campaigns to promote it.
5.These policies _____________________ (abandon) because of
financial problems next year.
about
will be abandoned
6.We have resolved ________ (reduce) our carbon footprint by
restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
7.____________ (fortunate), I succeeded in seizing this precious
chance to be a volunteer in the activity.
to reduce
Fortunately
to
off
thoroughly
8.I promise that I will be loyal ________ the enterprise and I will
never quit my job.
9.Riding bicycles benefits the environmental conservation
because they won't give ________ waste gases.
10.The enterprises have _____________ (thorough) implemented
what they have promised to the public.
1.qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
【典例】
①Honestly speaking, I don't know much about it, so I don't feel
qualified to comment.老实说，我对它不太了解，所以我觉得我没
有资格发表评论。
②This training course will qualify you for a better job.本培训课
程将使你胜任更好的工作。
【归纳】
be/feel qualified to do sth.(觉得)有资格做某事
be qualified for sth.符合某事的条件；适合某事
【拓展】
(1)qualify vt.取得资格(或学历)；合格；使合格；使具备资格
vi.达标
qualify for...取得……的资格
qualify sb.for...使某人能胜任……
qualify sb.to do...使某人有资格做……
(2)qualification n.资格；资历；资格证
have (no) qualifications for (doing) sth.(没)有做……的资格
have (no) qualifications to do sth.(没)有做……的资格
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
qualification
qualified
(1)Now that you have gained your teaching ____________，I am
sure you will be _______ for the job they advertised on the newspaper.
(qualify)
完成句子
me for the voluntary work
(2)我参加过几个类似的活动，这使我能胜任这个志愿者工作。
(应用文写作之申请信)
I have taken part in several similar activities, ________________
________________________.
which will qualify
(3)我的英语很好，我确信我可以胜任这份工作。(应用文写作
之申请信)
Having a good command of English，______________________
_______________________________________________.
I'm confident that I will be
qualified for the job/have qualifications for/to do the job
2.assign vt.分派；布置；分配
【典例】
①The teacher assigned a different task to each of the children.这
位老师给每个孩子分配的任务都不相同。
②Which police officer has been assigned to this case ？哪一位
警官被指派负责这个案件？
【归纳】
assign sb.sth.＝assign sth.to sb.分配给某人某物/某事
assign sb.as sth.指派某人任……(职务)
assign sb.to do sth.指派某人做某事
【拓展】
assignment n.[C，U](分派的)工作，任务；[U](工作等的)分派，
布置
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
to teach
assignments
(1)They volunteered to be assigned _________ (teach) in rural
areas because they are eager to help develop rural education.
(2)The teacher demanded that we should hand in our _________
(assign) involved in the protection of wild animals tomorrow.
3.abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
【典例】
①In view of my poor health, I'm considering abandoning
smoking soon.鉴于我身体状况不好，我正在考虑尽快戒烟。
②Playing computer games is harmful to your health.Don't
abandon yourself to this kind of pleasure.玩电脑游戏对你的健康有
害。不要沉溺于这种娱乐。
③We saw the abandoned farms which were built more than a
hundred years ago.我们看到了那些建于一百多年前的废弃农场。
【归纳】
abandon doing sth.放弃做某事
abandon oneself to (doing) sth.使某人自己沉溺于(做)某事
【点津】
abandon oneself to 中的 to 为介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing
形式。
【拓展】
abandoned adj.(人或动物)被遗弃的；(建筑、汽车、船等)废弃
的；放纵的(可做前置定语或表语)
abandon n.放任；放纵
with abandon 放纵地；放任地
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
carrying
(1)Unfortunately, the crew abandoned ________ (carry) out the
experiment for lack of fund.
完成句子
(2)你沉湎于过去的辉煌是不明智的，你应该记住，不进则退。
____________________________________________ ，and you
should keep in mind that not to advance is to go back.
It is unwise of you to abandon yourself to the past glory
(3)我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。(读
后续写之情感描写)
________________________________________，forgetting the
troubles in our lives.
We sang, danced, and laughed with abandon
4.commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献
【典例】
①Take a deeper look at the person behind the face before you
make a commitment.一定要在做出承诺前深入地了解这个人。
②He committed an unforgivable error in handling this business.
他在处理这一业务时犯了一个不可原谅的错误。
③The government is committed to greatly developing education
in the country.政府决心要大力发展本国的教育事业。
【归纳】
make a commitment 做出承诺
make a commitment to...对……做出承诺
make a commitment to do sth.承诺做某事
commitment to sth.对某事的奉献/投入
carry out one's commitment 履行某人的承诺
【拓展】
(1)commit vi.&vt.承诺；忠于；使承担义务；做出保证 vt.犯
(罪或错等)；投入(钱/时间等) vi.全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
commit a crime/an error/a mistake 犯罪/错误
commit oneself to (doing) sth.承诺做某事；致力于做某事
commit to...忠于……
(2)committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
be committed to (doing) sth. ＝ be devoted/dedicated to (doing)
sth.致力于(做)某事
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
working
commitment
(1)I would advise people to think very carefully about
committing themselves to ________ (work) Sundays.
(2)He made a ____________ (commit) to himself that he would
never show any prejudice to anyone.
完成句子，每空一词
commit
a
crime
(3)未经允许使用他人的财物等于犯罪。
To use someone's property without permission is to ________
________ ________.
1.turn sb.down 拒绝(某人)
【典例】
①Could you please turn up the heat I feel freezing cold.你能把
暖气调大点吗？我觉得冷得要命。
②Please turn the volume down, for I can't get what my friend
said on the phone.请把音量调低些，我都听不清我的朋友在电话里
说了些什么。
【拓展】
turn down 调小(音量)；拒绝
turn up 调大(音量)；出现
turn out 证明；结果是
turn over 移交；翻身；翻阅
turn away 不准进入；拒绝
turn around 转身；(使)转变
turn to 求助于
turn into 变成……
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
down
over
(1)Tom had to turn ________ the invitation to the party last
weekend because he was too busy.
(2)I felt a little bored with reading the book, just turning _______
the pages.
up
out
(3)Don't worry.I'm sure your missing glasses will turn ________
sooner or later.
(4)Unexpectedly the weather turned ________ pretty nice that
day.
2.hold on 稍等；(打电话)别挂断；坚持住；继续
【典例】
①In the earthquake, the survivor managed to hold on until help
arrived.在地震中，幸存者设法坚持到救援的到来。
②Children should hold on to their parents' hands when crossing
the road.儿童应该在过马路时抓紧父母的手。
【拓展】
hold on to 抓紧；不放开；保留；坚持
hold up 举起；延迟，阻碍
hold back 隐瞒；控制
hold out 伸出
catch/get hold of 抓住，握着
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
of
to
hold
on
(1)Catch hold ________ every opportunity and you will succeed
in getting what you want.
(2)Hold on ________ your dreams and one day they may come
true.
完成句子，每空一词
(3)他们坚信只要坚持一段时间，奇迹就会发生。
They hold the belief that so long as they ________ ________ for
a while, a miracle will happen.
3.give off 发出(热、光、气味或气体)
【典例】
①Fireflies give off flashes of light when they fly at night.萤火虫
夜间飞行时发出闪光。
②He finally gave in to his daughter's repeated requests to further
her education abroad.对女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步
了。
【拓展】
give up (doing) sth.放弃(做)某事
give in (to...) (向……)屈服/让步/投降
give away 赠送；泄露(秘密等)；分发(奖品等)
give out 分发；用完，用尽(意为“用完；耗尽”时，不用于
被动语态)
give back 归还，送回
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
teaching
(1)He gave up ________ (teach) in 2001, much to the regret of
his students.
完成句子，每空一词
give
off
(2)要是塑料和橡胶被焚，就会放出有毒的气体。
If plastic and rubber are burnt, they'll ________ ________
poisonous gases.
(3)他假装不在乎，但那句话暴露了他对这件事的真实看法。
He pretended not to care but that remark _______ ________ his
real opinion on the matter.
gave
away
1.Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper
and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.(教材
P38)哦，有一天早上我碰巧买了一份报纸，看到了南极探险的广
告。
【剖析】 本句是复合句。此句中 it 作形式主语，真正的主语
是 that 引导的从句。It (so) happened that...意为“碰巧……”。
【典例】
①(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)It happened that the plant downtown needed
eight kids for temporary help during our spring break, for which I had
no plans beyond listening to my favourite records.碰巧在我们春假期
间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，而我除了听我最喜欢
的唱片之外没有别的计划。
②It hit me that I had been paying attention to what was going
wrong with my life rather than what was right.我突然意识到我一直
都在关注生活中错误的而不是正确的事情。
【归纳】
It happened that...碰巧……
It hit/struck/occurred to sb.that...某人突然想起……
It makes no difference that...……没有任何区别
It remains to be seen...……有待于被关注
It turned out that...结果是/证明是……
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
(1)It occurred ________ me that I could turn to my teacher for
help and he was always helpful.
(2)________ makes no difference to me whether he will go to the
party or not.
to
It
完成句子，每空一词
(3)碰巧我带着一张上海地图，因此我没有迷路。
________ ________ ________ I had a map of Shanghai with me,
so I didn't get lost.
It
happened
that
2.If it weren't for sea animals, we would all starve.(教材 P44)
如果没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死。
【剖析】 本句是复合句。此句表示与现在事实相反的情况，
if 从句用 did(were)，主句用 would＋动词原形。
【典例】
①(2021·新课标Ⅰ卷)If I had to make just one recommendation
for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel.如果要我推荐
罗马的哪一处住宿，那一定是黄之旅馆。
②If things were to be twice, all would be wise. 假如凡事都可
以重新做一次，人人皆可成为聪明人。
表示与事实情况相反 if 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
表示与现在情况相反 过去式(did)
(be常用were) would/could/might/should ＋
do
表示与过去情况相反 过去完成式(had＋done) would/could/might/should ＋
have done
【归纳】
表示与事实情况相反 if 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
表示与将来情况相反 ①过去式 (did)
②should＋do
③were to do would/could/might/should＋do
(续表)
【注意】
在虚拟条件句中，可省略 if，把 were, had, should 提到句首，
变为倒装句式。如：
①If I were at school again, I would study harder.
→Were I at school again, I would study harder.如果我再上学，
我会更加努力学习。
②If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
→Had you come earlier, you would have met him. 如果你来早
一点，你就会见到他了。
③If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
→Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.如果明天
下雨，我们就不去爬山了。
【即学即用】
单句语法填空
(1)If I had time, I ______________ (attend) the meeting.
(2)If I ________ (be) you, I would work harder at my lessons.
(3)________ I known his telephone number, I would have called
him.
would attend
were
Had
【句型升级】
按要求完成句子
Abandoning myself to computer games
1.I abandoned myself to computer games.I performed extremely
badly in the end-of-term examination.
①________________________________________, I performed
extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.(用现在分词短语作
状语改写句子)
Abandoned to computer games
②__________________________, I performed extremely badly
in the end-of-term examination.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
2.If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the
match.(改写句子)
Should it rain
Had
______________ tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.
3.If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus.(改写
句子)
________ you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.
4.I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was
open.(用 it 作形式主语改写句子)
It so happened that
_________________________ I was upstairs one evening when
the window was open.
5.It is such a challenging job that he couldn't finish it on his
own.(用 so...that...改写句子)
____________________________________________________
The job is so challenging that he couldn't finish it on his own.
【语篇写作】
应用文写作
你校英文报正开展以“My Story of Courage and Determination”
为题的征文活动，请你结合自己的经历，写一篇短文投稿，讲述
你成长过程中关于勇气与毅力的故事。内容包括：
1.故事的过程；
2.这件事给你的启发。
注意：写作词数应为 80 左右。
My Story of Courage and Determination
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
参考范文：
My Story of Courage and Determination
I will never forget the first time when I learnt how to ride a bike.
At the beginning, with Dad holding the back of the bike, I rode
happily and safely.After some time, Dad told me to ride independently.
Though scared, I gave it a try.It was not easy.After several attempts, I
finally rode the bike steadily.At that moment, I felt like I was flying.
Whenever I meet with difficulties, this experience inspires me to
be brave and determined.

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