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（1）Unit 1 Nature in the balance—高一英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册期末易错题集训
一、易错点分析
1. 倍数表达法
常见的倍数表达法有以下几种：
(1)A + be+倍数+the size/height/weight/length/width/depth/...+ of +B
This mountain is four times the height of that small one.这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。
(2)A+be+倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than+B
My room is twice larger than yours.我的房间比你的房间大两倍。
(3)A+be+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B
This tree is three times as tall as that one.这棵树的高度是那棵树的三倍。
(4)倍数+ what从句
The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。
注意：
(1)对于这几种倍数表达法，我们需要注意的是倍数的位置；倍数部分也可用分数、百分数代替。
(2)表达倍数时，两倍常用twice或 double，三倍及三倍以上常用"基数词+times"。
2. "介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句
(1)在"介词+关系代词"结构中，关系代词一般用whom(先行词指人)或which (先行词指物)。
(2)"介词+关系代词"可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
在限制性定语从句中，介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略；但若介词后置，则可用that代替which，用that/who代替whom，也可省略关系代词。
The colourless gas, without which we can't live, is called oxygen.
这种无色的气体就是氧气，离了它我们无法生存。
This is the teacher from whom we've learnt a lot.
这就是我们从他那里学到很多东西的那位老师。
Do you know the girl to whom our teacher is talking
=Do you know the girl (that/who/whom) our teacher is talking to
你认识正和我们老师谈话的那个女孩吗
The school in which my friend once studied is very famous.
= The school (that/which) my friend once studied in is very famous.
我的朋友曾经就读的那所学校很有名。
(3)介词的确定要遵循三点原则：
①根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；
②根据定语从句中动词或形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；
③根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。
Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time
你还记得我们第 一次见面的那一天吗？ (on the day)
He was generous with his time to help me study, for which I was grateful.
我很感激他花很多时间帮助我学习。(be grateful for sth.感激某事)
The theory, on which my opinions are based, consists of three parts.
我的观点所依据的理论包括三个部分。(be based on 依据……)
This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
(4)某些在从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语的"介词+关系代词"结构可以同关系副词when，where，why互换。
I shall never forget the days during which (=when) we studied in the library together.
我永远也不会忘记我们一起在图书馆学习的那些日子。
I have never been to the places in which (= where) the Indians live.
我从未去过那些印第安人居住的地方。
I'd like you to explain the reason for which (= why) you were absent.
我想让你解释一下你缺席的原因。
二、语法填空
1. Freshkills Park , the largest park to be developed in New York City in more than a century, is 2, 200 acres, and it is approximately three times_________ (large) than Central Park.
2. Much to the couple’s comfort, their income is now double _______ it was five years ago.
3. Peter’s jacket looks similar to mine, but costs twice ___________ much.
4. Linda's hair is twice as long _____her younger sister's.
5. The book _________ which we had a discussion yesterday is very interesting.
6. He is an expert on rice planting from _________ the local villagers have learnt a lot.
7. Many young people, most of ________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
8. Mary took a few friends to my birthday party, none of ________ I was familiar with.
9. The project, ________ which the team attaches significant value and sees as a key foundation for future development, is expected to succeed.
10. Participants, most of______________ are middle school students, will meet at the Olympic forest park.
三、阅读理解
AI is already part of our daily lives. However, dependence on it can cause great harm to our ability to think critically. According to researchers from Microsoft and Carnegie Mellon University, too much reliance on these tools can cause great harm to critical thinking, as well as negatively affect the brain’s ability to combine different ideas, styles, or systems into a single idea or system. The study defined the structure of thought as a pyramid. In this way, knowledge is at the top, followed by understanding ideas, practice, comparing ideas and, finally, synthesizing (合成) them.
Based on surveys of 319 so-called “knowledge workers”, who can generally be categorized as “white-collar jobs”, the study found that while generative AI can improve efficiency, it can hold back critical engagement with work. In this way, it potentially ends up leading to increasing dependence on the tool in the long term, in addition to a decrease in the ability to independently solve problems.
The impact of this problem is being seen mainly in the business sector. According to a report published by the World Economic Forum, there was a decrease of around 41% in the workforce. Big tech CEOs have admitted that they are distributing much of their work to AI, according to CNET. This migration of functions to AI has led to a wave of layoffs and fewer job openings.
A series of executive (执行的) orders related to AI safety issued by former US President Joe Biden have been revoked by President Donald Trump, reducing limitations on big tech. In this regard, last week, Google lifted a ban on the use of AI in the development of weapons and surveillance (监视) tools.
Another very common use by workers is to use AI to correct and review their work already done. Although this action requires some critical thinking, researchers warn that long-term use can destroy the ability to synthesize.
1.Which part of the thought pyramid is most affected by AI
A. Practising. B. Comparing. C. Understanding. D. Synthesizing.
2.Why is workforce decrease in business mentioned
A. To show AI damages economy. B. To indicate AI-related job loss.
C. To advise workers to raise efficiency. D. To prove AI has more critical thinking.
3.What does the underlined word “revoked” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Analyzed. B. Cancelled. C. Considered. D. Strengthened.
4.What can be inferred from Google lifting the AI use ban
A. AI safety is no longer a concern. B. Google leads in AI military fields.
C. People grow more inclusive of AI. D. The previous ban ignores the reality.
四、七选五
For years, research has linked sitting too much with numerous health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes and cancer. Researchers have found that walking for five minutes every 30 minutes is the most effective way to reduce the harm of too much sitting. Want to spend less time sitting before your screens and more time on your feet in 2025 ① _________ Here are the top five tips.
Make a movement plan. ② _________ Make sure it’s a reasonable goal and try to push yourself. Five minutes every 30 minutes is best, but if you can’t, change that aim for every hour or two hours.
Get someone to join you. Having a partner can make taking movement feel less discouraging. Think: co-workers taking quick walks or friends encouraging each other through text! Long distance friends, husband, kids, co-workers, neighbors—anyone can be your companion! ③ _________
Keep going but take it slow. It’s tempting to get all your movement done first thing in the morning, but studies have shown that one longer workout doesn’t reduce the harm of long sitting. ④ _________ Besides, walking slowly is enough to get the physical and mental benefits of movement.
⑤ _________ Your 5-minute walks don’t have to all be walking. You can turn your movement breaks into dance breaks! Or you can get housework done, like taking out the garbage cans.
Get creative! If standing isn’t a choice, chair-based exercises are great too.
Track your progress. Counting your movement encourages you to keep going and helps you be mindful of how your body is feeling throughout the day.
A. Mix up your movement.
B. Add regular breaks to your movement.
C. What can help you stick to your movement
D. Send them an invitation and take the challenge together.
E. But missing some movement is not the end of the world.
F. What amount of movement will you build into your day
G. There is no replacement for short but regular movement throughout the day.
答案以及解析
二、语法填空
1.答案：larger
解析：考查倍数表达法。句意:弗莱士河公园是纽约市一个多世纪以来开发的最大的公园,占地2200英亩,大约是中央公园的三倍大。分析句子结构可知,此处考查"…is X times+形容词/副词的比较级+than..."结构,表示"……是……的几倍大"。故填larger。
2.答案：what
解析：考查倍数表达的固定句型。句意：令这对夫妇感到欣慰的是，他们现在的收入是五年前的两倍。“A+谓语+倍数+what从句”是倍数表达法之一，句中double为形容词，相当于twice as much as...。故填what。
3.答案：as
解析： 考查数词的倍数表达法。句意：彼得的夹克看起来和我的相似，但价钱是我的两倍。根据句意可知，此处表示第一件夹克价格是另一件价格的两倍。需使用短语“倍数+as+名词”意为“……的几倍”。故填as。
4.答案：as
解析：考查倍数表示法。句意：Linda的头发是她妹妹的两倍长。根据句意可知，此处是倍数表达：“倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as”。故填as。
5.答案：about
解析：考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意:我们昨天讨论过的那本书很有趣。分析句子可知，“have a discussion about sth.”是固定短语，意为“关于某事进行讨论”。在这个句子中，“The book”是先行词,which和about构成“介词+which”结构引导定语从句。故填about。
6.答案：whom
解析：考查定语从句。句意：他是一位水稻种植专家，当地村民从他那里学到了很多东西。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词expert，关系代词作介词的宾语，指人，故填whom。
7.答案：whom
解析：定语从句先行词Many young people"许多年轻人"，用who或whom引导。介词of后用whom。故答案为:whom。
8.答案：whom
解析：这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 “a few friends”，在从句中作 “of” 的宾语，所以用关系代词 “whom” 引导。
9.答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意:该项目被团队视为重要的价值,并被视为未来发展的关键基础,预计将取得成功。attach significant value to“重视”,固定短语,故此处使用“to which”引导非限制性定语从句,修饰project,故填to。
10.答案：whom
解析：这里是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 “Participants”（参与者），指人，且在从句中作介词 “of” 的宾语，所以要用关系代词 whom。
三、阅读理解
1.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“According to researchers from Microsoft and Carnegie Mellon University, too much reliance on these tools can cause great harm to critical thinking, as well as negatively affect the brain’s ability to combine different ideas, styles, or systems into a single idea or system. The study defined the structure of thought as a pyramid. In this way, knowledge is at the top, followed by understanding ideas, practice, comparing ideas and, finally, synthesizing (合成) them .(根据微软和卡耐基梅隆大学的研究人员的说法，过度依赖这些工具会对批判性思维造成极大的伤害，同时也会对大脑将不同的想法、风格或系统组合成一个单一的想法或系统的能力产生负面影响。该研究将思维结构定义为金字塔。这样，知识是最重要的，其次是理解思想、实践、比较思想，最后是综合思想)”可知，思维金字塔中受人工智能影响最大的部分是综合思想。故选D。
2.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“The impact of this problem is being seen mainly in the business sector. According to a report published by the World Economic Forum, there was a decrease of around 41% in the workforce. Big tech CEOs have admitted that they are distributing much of their work to AI, according to CNET. This migration of functions to AI has led to a wave of layoffs and fewer job openings.(这个问题的影响主要表现在商业领域。根据世界经济论坛发布的一份报告，劳动力减少了41%左右。据CNET报道，大型科技公司首席执行官承认，他们正在将大部分工作分配给人工智能。这种功能向人工智能的迁移导致了一波裁员和职位空缺的减少。)”可推知，文中提到商业领域劳动力减少是为了表明与人工智能相关的工作岗位流失。故选B。
3.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“In this regard, last week, Google lifted a ban on the use of AI in the development of weapons and surveillance (监视) tools.(在这方面，上周，谷歌取消了对在武器和监视工具开发中使用人工智能的禁令。)”可知，美国前总统乔·拜登发布的一系列与人工智能安全相关的行政命令被美国总统唐纳德·特朗普撤销，减少了对大型科技公司的限制。由此可知，revoked意为“撤销”。故选B。
4.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“A series of executive (执行的) orders related to AI safety issued by former US President Joe Biden have been revoked by President Donald Trump, reducing limitations on big tech. In this regard, last week, Google lifted a ban on the use of AI in the development of weapons and surveillance (监视) tools.(美国前总统乔·拜登发布的一系列与人工智能安全相关的行政命令被美国总统唐纳德·特朗普撤销，减少了对大型科技公司的限制。在这方面，上周，谷歌取消了对在武器和监视工具开发中使用人工智能的禁令。)”可推知，从谷歌解除人工智能使用禁令可以推断出人们对人工智能的包容性更强了。故选C。
四、七选五
答案：①-⑤CFDGA
解析：①根据上文的“Researchers have found that walking for five minutes every 30 minutes is the most effective way to reduce the harm of too much sitting. Want to spend less time sitting before your screens and more time on your feet in 2025 (研究人员发现，每30分钟步行5分钟是减少久坐危害最有效的方法。想在2025年减少屏幕前的久坐时间，多站起来活动吗？)”可知，此处提到久坐对健康的危害以及步行5分钟每30分钟的好处，并提出“想要减少久坐时间、多站立活动”的目标，结合下文的“Here are the top five tips.(以下是五大建议)”可知，下文讲述五个建议，由此可知，此处需要一个引导性的问题来过渡到具体的建议内容，C选项“What can help you stick to your movement (什么可以帮助你坚持运动？)”承接上文提出的目标，同时引出下文的建议，符合语境。故选C项。
②根据本段的主题句“Make a movement plan. (制定运动计划)”可知，本段讲述的是建议制定运动计划，让自己坚持运动，结合下文的“Make sure it’s a reasonable goal and try to push yourself. Five minutes every 30 minutes is best, but if you can’t, change that aim for every hour or two hours. (确保目标合理，并努力挑战自己。每30分钟5分钟最佳，但如果做不到，可以调整为每小时或每两小时一次)”可知，此处讲述的内容与运动量相关，F选项“What amount of movement will you build into your day (你会在一天中安排多少运动？)”与本段的主题吻合，且引出下文对制定运动量计划的标准，符合语境。故选F项。
③根据本段的主题句“Get someone to join you.(找一个同伴)”可知，本段建议通过找一个同伴一起参加运动，结合上文的“Think: co-workers taking quick walks or friends encouraging each other through text! Long distance friends, husband, kids, co-workers, neighbors — anyone can be your companion!(想象一下：同事一起快步走，或者朋友通过短信互相鼓励！远方的朋友、丈夫、孩子、同事、邻居——任何人都可以成为你的伙伴！)”可知，此处提出可以寻找的伙伴对象，D选项“Send them an invitation and take the challenge together.(给他们发送邀请，一起接受挑战！)”与本段的主题吻合，且其中的them指代的是上文中提到的可以成为运动伙伴的对象，符合语境。故选D项。
④根据本段的主题句“Keep going but take it slow. (保持运动但放慢节奏)”可知，本段建议保持运动但放慢节奏，结合上文的“It’s tempting to get all your movement done first thing in the morning, but studies have shown that one longer workout doesn’t reduce the harm of long sitting.(早上一次性完成所有运动可能很诱人，但研究表明，一次长时间的锻炼并不能减少久坐带来的危害)”可知，一次长时间的锻炼并不能减少久坐带来的危害，G选项“There is no replacement for short but regular movement throughout the day.(全天短暂而规律的运动是无可替代的)”对上文内容进一步进行阐述，且与本段的主题句吻合，符合语境。故选G项。
⑤分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的主题句，结合其他段落的主题句可知，此处应为祈使句，结合下文的“Your 5-minute walks don’t have to all be walking. You can turn your movement breaks into dance breaks! Or you can get housework done, like taking out the garbage cans.(你的5分钟步行不必全是走路。你可以把运动休息时间变成舞蹈时间！或者利用这段时间完成家务，比如倒垃圾)”可知，此处提到5分钟的步行不一定是纯粹的步行，你可以跳舞、做家务等，强调运动形式的多样性，A选项“Mix up your movement.(多样化你的运动方式)”为祈使句，且准确概括了这一段落的主题，符合语境。故选A项。

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