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（4）Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world—高一英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第三册期末易错题集训
一、易错点分析
1. 不定式作后置定语的用法
①不定式（短语）与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系。
②不定式（短语）与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系。不及物动词构成的不定式作定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。
③不定式（短语）与其所修饰的名词是同位语关系，如ability能力，本领；ambition 抱负，野心；campaign 战役，运动；chance 机会；courage 勇气；decision 决定；determination 决心，决定；drive 欲望；effort 努力；failure失败，不及格；wish 希望，愿望，祝愿等
The train to arrive was from London.
将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。
Get him something to eat. 给他拿点儿东西吃。
She has a lot of work to do in the morning. 早上她有很多工作要做。
I need a pen to write with. 我需要一支钢笔写字。
A gentle form of exercise will increase your ability to relax.
和缓的运动锻炼会提高自我放松的能力。
2. 含蓄条件虚拟句
虚拟的条件并不是直接通过条件句来表示，而是用一些介词短语或连词等方式体现出来，甚至上下文暗示。表示含蓄条件的方法：
①连词 but，but that，or，or else;副词otherwise，unfortunately等表示转折假设。
②介词短语暗含假设条件，常用的有：without，but for，under more favourable conditions 等。
③intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were＋不定式完成式或had intended/ meant/ planned/hoped/wished+不定式一般式暗示虚拟语气。
Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened; otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark.
维克托显然不知道发生了什么事，否则他不会说这么愚蠢的话。
Without water, there would be no life. 如果没有水，就不会有生命。
二、语法填空
1. There will be many tasks for them ____________ (complete) next month.
2. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far.
3. I had a strong desire ______ (look) at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes.
4. To guarantee the security of the sensitive data, there is no choice but ____________(surround) the system with advanced encryption measures and continuous monitoring.
5. China became the third country in the world_____ (send) independently humans into space in 2003.
6. Marriage without ____(register) is not recognized by law.
7. Some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream ______ (explore) space.
8. Like university students, students in this high school have the freedom______ (choose) the courses that most interest them.
9. You _____ hand in your homework; otherwise, you are not allowed to play outside.
10. Unfortunately, he ______ (remove) from the company last week.
三、阅读理解
In the world of crime-solving, forensic sketching has emerged as a powerful tool in identifying and capturing criminals. This technique, which involves creating a visual representation of a suspect based on eyewitness descriptions, has been used in solving numerous cases. The process is both an art and a science, requiring not only artistic skills but also a deep understanding of human psychology and memory.
Forensic sketching is not a new concept. It has been used for decades, but recent advancements in technology and psychology have significantly improved its accuracy and effectiveness. Today, forensic artists work closely with law enforcement agencies, using detailed interviews and advanced software to create sketches that can be distributed to the public and used in investigations. One of the most fascinating aspects of forensic sketching is its reliance on the human memory. Eyewitnesses play a crucial role in this process, as their descriptions form the basis of the sketch. However, human memory is not always reliable. Factors such as pressure, injuries, and the passage of time can affect a person’s recollection of events and faces. This is where the skill of the forensic artist comes into play. They must navigate these challenges, asking the right questions and interpreting the descriptions to create a likeness that can lead to the identification of a suspect.
The process begins with a detailed interview. The forensic artist asks the eyewitness to describe the suspect’s facial features, using a database of facial features to help the witness refine their description. Once the initial sketch is completed, it is reviewed and revised based on further feedback from the witness.
Despite its challenges, forensic sketching remains a valuable tool in the fight against crime. It bridges the gap between art and science, combining creativity with precise attention to detail. As technology continues to evolve, the future of forensic sketching looks promising, with the potential for even greater accuracy and efficiency in solving crimes.
1.What is forensic sketching according to Para.1
A. Drawing crime scenes. B. Creating suspect images.
C. Conducting scientific tests. D. Analyzing criminal evidence.
2.What may affect eyewitness descriptions
A. Stress and time delays. B. Facial feature databases.
C. Distribution of sketches. D. Drawing skills of forensic artists.
3.What does the passage say about forensic sketching’s future
A. It will disappear. B. It will stick around.
C. It will be overlooked. D. It will be more of an art.
4.Which is the best title for the text
A. Artists Helping Solve Crimes B. History of Forensic Sketching
C. New Technology in Police Work D. Problems with Eyewitness Memory
四、七选五
Laziness and tiredness are so alike that it is difficult to tell them apart. ① _________ .
Feel unrelated to everything.
People experiencing·tiredness-most commonly don’t feel like themselves anymore, don’t feel interested in anything and always struggle with sense of helplessness to manage their lives.
Used to be active.
A clear difference between someone who’s tired and someone who’s lazy is that tired people felt attracted by many things before. ② _________ . And they find it hard to do the things they once loved.
Become moody and angry.
③ _________ Do you often feel emotionally (情感上地) out of control and don’t know why If you start to have trouble controlling your emotions, especially when it never used to be a problem for you, this might be a warning sign of tiredness rather than laziness.
④ _________ .
One of the signs is that you care little about yourself and try to keep away from others. You don’t want to dress up yourself and you spend most of your time by yourself doing nothing.
Change day by day.
Tiredness develops in different stages. All of the points mentioned above won’t just happen overnight. However, by the time you reach the final stage, tiredness has already become rooted so deeply in your life that the continuous mental and physical tiredness become much greater and harder to treat. ⑤ _________ .
A. Focus on signs
B. Pay little attention to your selfcare
C. Do you suddenly find yourself easily angry
D. Do lazy people always feel uninterested in things around
E. But they may now be struggling to find interest or enjoyment
F. Here are five obvious signs to show you’re experiencing tiredness rather than laziness
G. So the earlier you notice signs of tiredness, the more easily you can get help and recover from it
答案以及解析
二、语法填空
1.答案：to complete
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:下个月他们将有许多任务要完成。空处修饰tasks，表示将要做的事情complete与tasks构成动宾关系，此处用不定式作后置定语。故填to complete。
2.答案：whose
解析：句意为:我要感谢史密斯先生,(如果)没有他的帮助,我不可能如此成功。此处without _____ help I would never have got this far是非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作定语。故填关系代词whose。
3.答案：to look
解析：考查不定式。句意：我有一种强烈的渴望，想看看眼前闪过的那些随机的东西。desire意为“渴望”，其后跟不定式作后置定语，因此空格处是不定式。故填to look。
4.答案：to surround
解析：“there is no choice but to do sth.” 是固定句型，意为 “除了做某事别无选择”，所以填 “to surround”，表示除了用先进加密措施和持续监控来包围系统别无选择，以保障敏感数据安全。
5.答案：to send
解析：考查不定式。句意：2003年，中国成为世界上第三个独立将人类送入太空的国家。the+序数词+名词+动词不定式，为固定结构，动词不定式作后置定语。故填to send。
6.答案：registration
解析：考查名词。句意:没有登记的婚姻是不被法律承认的。分析句子可知空处缺名词作介词without的宾语;根据英文提示,故填registration。
7.答案：to explore
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。根据句意可知，此处应用动词explore的不定式to explore作后置定语，修饰名词dream，这是不定式的习惯用法。故填to explore。
8.答案：to choose
解析：句意为:和大学生一样,这所高中的学生可以自由选择他们最感兴趣的课程。分析句子结构可知,主句中已有谓语动词 have,设空处与其之间无连词连接,应用非谓语动词,设空处作后置定语,freedom 后常接动词不定式作后置定语。故填to choose。
9.答案：must
解析：句意: 你必须上交你的作业, 否则不允许你出去玩。设空处意为"必须", 对对方提出要求。故填must。
10.答案：was removed
解析：考查动词语态。句意：不幸的是，他上周被公司开除了。根据时间状语last week可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，remove“开除”与主语he之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was removed。
三、阅读理解
1.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“This technique, which involves creating a visual representation of a suspect based on eyewitness descriptions, has been used in solving numerous cases.(这项技术包括根据目击者的描述为嫌疑人创建一个视觉形象，已被用于解决众多案件)”可知，forensic sketching(法医素描)是创建嫌疑人图像。故选B项。
2.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“However, human memory is not always reliable. Factors such as pressure, injuries, and the passage of time can affect a person’s recollection of events and faces.(然而，人类的记忆并不总是可靠的。压力、受伤和时间的推移等因素会影响一个人对事件和面孔的回忆)”可知，压力和时间的推移等因素会影响目击者的描述。故选A项。
3.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“As technology continues to evolve, the future of forensic sketching looks promising, with the potential for even greater accuracy and efficiency in solving crimes.(随着技术的不断发展，法医素描的未来看起来很有前景，在解决犯罪问题上有可能实现更高的准确性和效率)”可知，随着技术发展，法医素描未来很有前景，有更高的准确性和效率，所以它会继续存在并发挥作用。故选B项。
4.答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了法医素描这一技术在犯罪解决中是一种强大的工具，法医艺术家通过根据目击者描述创作嫌疑人图像来协助执法机构破案，强调了艺术家（法医艺术家）在解决犯罪问题上的作用。文章第一段第一句“In the world of crime-solving, forensic sketching has emerged as a powerful tool in identifying and capturing criminals.(在犯罪侦破领域，法医素描已成为识别和抓捕罪犯的有力工具。)”点明主题，所以A选项Artists Helping Solve Crimes(帮助破案的艺术家们)符合文章主旨，可以作为最佳标题。故选A项。
四、七选五
答案：①-⑤FECBG
解析：①根据前文“Laziness and tiredness are so alike that it is difficult to tell them apart.(懒惰和疲劳是如此相似，以至于很难将它们区分开来)”可知，空格处的句子应该提到“疲劳和懒惰的不同”，F项“Here are five obvious signs to show you’re experiencing tiredness rather than laziness(这里有五个明显的迹象表明你正在经历疲劳而不是懒惰)”承接上文，开始讲述懒惰和疲劳区别，并引出下文，符号语境。故选F项。
②根据前文“A clear difference between someone who’s tired and someone who’s lazy is that tired people felt attracted by many things before.(疲倦的人和懒惰的人之间有一个明显的区别，那就是疲倦的人以前会被很多事情吸引)”以及后文“And they find it hard to do the things they once loved.(他们发现很难再做自己曾经热爱的事情了)”可知，疲倦的人之前会被很多事情吸引，现在发现很难再做自己曾经热爱的事情了，所以空处应是表转折，承接前后文，E项“But they may now be struggling to find interest or enjoyment(但他们现在可能正在努力寻找兴趣或乐趣)”符合文意，承接上文，引出下文。故选E项。
③设空是问句，答案在B，D两项中，位于句首，是本段中心句，根据后文“Do you often feel emotionally (情感上地) out of control and don’t know why If you start to have trouble controlling your emotions, especially when it never used to be a problem for you, this might be a warning sign of tiredness rather than laziness.(你是否经常感到情绪失控而不知道为什么 如果你开始难以控制自己的情绪，尤其是当它从来都不是你的问题时，这可能是疲劳的警告信号，而不是懒惰)”可知，本段讲述的是疲倦的人情绪会变得难以控制，所以C项“Do you suddenly find yourself easily angry(你是否突然发现自己很容易生气)”符合本段主题。故选C项。
④分析设空，是本段的小标题，对本段的高度概括，根据后文“One of the signs is that you care little about yourself and try to keep away from others. You don’t want to dress up yourself and you spend most of your time by yourself doing nothing.(其中一个迹象是你不关心自己，并试图远离他人。你不想打扮自己，而且你大部分时间都是一个人无所事事)”可知，本段主要讲述了，疲倦的人，不太关注自己，所以B项“Pay little attention to your selfcare(很少注意你的自我护理)”符合文意，是本段小标题。故选B项。
⑤分析设空，位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Tiredness develops in different stages. All of the points mentioned above won’t just happen overnight. However, by the time you reach the final stage, tiredness has already become rooted so deeply in your life that the continuous mental and physical tiredness become much greater and harder to treat.(疲劳的发展有不同的阶段。上面提到的所有要点都不会在一夜之间发生。然而，当你到达最后阶段的时候，疲劳已经深深地扎根在你的生活中，持续的精神和身体疲劳变得更加严重和难以治疗)”可知，本段主要讲述疲劳的发展有不同的阶段，最后会难以治疗，所以G项“So the earlier you notice signs of tiredness, the more easily you can get help and recover from it(所以你越早注意到疲劳的迹象，你就越容易得到帮助并从中恢复过来)”和前文构成因果关系，是对前文的总结。故选G项。

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