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（2）Unit 2 Lessons in life—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修四期末易错题集训
被动语态
一、各种时态的被动语态形式(以do为例)
时态 被动语态
一般现在时 am/is/are＋done
一般将来时 will/shall/be going to/ be to＋be＋done
现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋done
一般过去时 was/were＋done
现在完成时 have/has＋been＋done
过去完成时 had＋been＋done
过去进行时 was/were＋being＋done
情态动词＋be＋done
二、使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题
1. 主动变为被动时，宾语成了主语 ，(作补语的)不定式前需加to (位置不变)。
The coach made the players run five laps.
→The players were made to run five laps (by the coach).
2. 主动变为被动时，可将双宾语中的任何一个作为主语。
My aunt sent me a beautiful scarf on Christmas.
→A beautiful scarf was sent to me (by my aunt) on Christmas.
→I was sent a beautiful scarf (by my aunt) on Christmas.
3. 短语动词变被动语态时，不要掉“尾巴”(即不要丢掉后面的介词或副词)。
The children were taken good care of(by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
4. 情态动词，be going to，be to，be sure to，have to等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be＋过去分词”。
They must finish the project before Friday.
→The project must be finished before Friday.
5. 当句子的谓语为say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等时，被动语态有两种形式：(1)谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主语补足语。(2)谓语动词用被动语态，用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。
People believe she is a talented singer.
→She is believed to be a talented singer.
→It is believed that she is a talented singer.
Scientists think dinosaurs became extinct millions of years ago.
→Dinosaurs are thought to have become extinct millions of years ago.
→It is thought that dinosaurs became extinct millions of years ago.
三、不能用被动语态的几种情况
(1)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last，hold，contain，fit，cost等。
(2)表示归属的动词或短语，如have，belong to等。
(3)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。
(4)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
(5)宾语是同源宾语、动词不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。
四、主动形式表示被动意义
(1)当连系动词feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时；当cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作为不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
The silk shirt feels soft.
这件丝绸衬衫摸起来很柔软。
This book reads easily.
这本书读起来很轻松。
(2)break out，shut off，take place，turn off，work out等短语表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意义时。
The new policy worked out well.
新政策实施得很顺利。
易错题
一、句子填空
1.Human life _______ (regard) as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
2.We _______ (request) to wear the uniform in formal situations.
3.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who _______ (trap) and to bury the dead.
4.He _______ (threat) to be fired if he continued to turn up late for work.
5.Due to the bad weather, the school sports meeting _______ (postpone) to next Monday.
6.Some of the exercise machines _______ (test) by a group of energetic young people now.
7.The little babies _______ (take) care of by this nurse right now.
8.We had to take a different path because the road _______ (repair).
9.Some valuable cultural relics _______ (damage) while only a few have survived over the past few years.
10.The rubbish _______ (remove) by the cleaner when we arrived at the spot.
二、阅读理解
An art exhibition that combines scientific knowledge with creative inspiration was recently presented in Albany. The exhibition featured artworks from MIX Artists in the Great Southern that showcased unique art-science cooperation between contemporary artists and marine (海洋的) scientists working in the region. The waters of the south coast and around Albany are well-known for their unique diversity of plants and animals, and the works conveyed important marine science knowledge and current research to a broad audience.
The Western Australian Marine Science Institution (WAMSI) provided opportunities for the artists to learn from marine scientists through talks, presentations and field trips. The artists also followed up with ongoing self-research and observation of their environment.
Dr Jenny Shaw, WAMSI Research Director, said, “It’s been a great opportunity to move science into the community and also see different interpretations of marine research topics.” The scientists benefited from explaining their work to different audiences, and the interest from the artists was incredibly high, contributing to a shared appreciation for the marine environment.
MIX Artists coordinator Annette Davis said the cooperation gave the artists fantastic insight into another world, and working with the scientists was fundamental to how the artworks had developed. “Responding with intuition (直觉), curiosity and imagination, the artists have interpreted their findings through chosen materials and techniques and created artworks to help move this understanding into the wider community,” Davis said.
The pursuit of marine science inspired some artists, whose artworks often centre around the finely-balanced coastal environment and the impact of structural change. Catherine Higham used seagrass and bamboo to make a large listening horn (喇叭) to listen to underwater life. Christine Baker’s work, titled Micro Plastic Menu, was inspired by a talk on microplastic pollution and how it enters food chains.
1. How did WAMSI assist the artists
A. By aiding in materials creation.
B. By providing technical guidance.
C. By offering a platform for art sales.
D. By organizing educational events.
2. What can we infer from the text
A. The art exhibition of scientists is very eye-catching.
B. People are much more interested in science than in art.
C. The participation of artists contributes to the spread of marine knowledge.
D. Artists should go into the classroom to learn cultural knowledge.
3. Why is the work Micro Plastic Menu mentioned in the text
A. To highlight the personal experiences of the artist.
B. To illustrate that artists draw inspiration from science.
C. To demonstrate the use of technology in contemporary art.
D. To emphasize the role of art in environmental conservation.
4. Which is the best title for the text
A. An Art Exhibition by a Famous Marine Artist.
B. A Cooperative Art and Marine Science Exhibition.
C. An Exhibition Showcasing Traditional Art Forms.
D. A Conference Discussing Marine Science Advancements.
三、七选五
Just Go for a University
For any student, going to a university is one of the most important stages of their lives. It is a time when a young person will move out of their home to be independent. ①________ Are you ready for such an exploration The following information may be helpful
Why should you go to university
Learning is a life-long process. University is the right place where you can learn both academically and socially. At university, you will be taught by leading lecturers in their fields of study. ②________ Meanwhile, you will meet people with different backgrounds at university. This offers you the chance to learn to look after yourself, to develop your own values and to accept those who may be different.
③________
Once you have decided that you do want to go to university, how can you choose a dream one ④________ Your interest, the major and the course to be taken are all the concerns. Many universities have open days or send tutors out to talk to the students on what they offer. This also gives you a chance to ask questions. Finding out what their predicted exam grades will also help students determine which university may be the most suitable.
What can you learn at university
In many universities, each student begins with a general knowledge base in the first year. Students can have more time to explore their interests before committing to a specific subject. Apart from the academic achievements, various societies, where freshmen can meet like-minded friends, offer you chances to develop the extra-curricular interests in many fields. ⑤________
A. How can you choose a university
B. You have to first think of various aspects.
C. What should you prepare before going to university
D. You can thus equip yourself with enough academic knowledge.
E. Besides, it is a great honor to be admitted into such a university.
F. In one sense, the university can be a completely new world to explore.
G. University provides the all-important stepping-stone for your future life.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：is regarded
解析：考查被动语态。句意:人类生命被视为自然的一部分，我们生存的唯一方式是与自然和谐共处。根据句意，人类生命是被视为自然的一部分，regard是动词，意思是“看作”，应该使用被动语态形式。根据下文的is，这句话使用了一般现在时，故填is regarded。
2.答案：are requested
解析：考查时态和语态。句意:我们被要求在正式场合穿制服。空处是句子的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语we与request“要求”之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是We，be动词用are。故填are requested。
3.答案： were trapped
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：地震发生后不久，军队派遣15万士兵前往唐山，挖掘被困人员并掩埋死者。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据上文sent判断为一般过去时，主语who指代先行词those（那些人）为复数意义，且和trap之间为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were trapped。
4.答案：was threatened
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:有人威胁他说如果他继续上班迟到，就解雇他。分析句子可知提示词作主句谓语，应用动词threaten，意为“威胁”，与主语He之间是被动关系，结合从句中时态可知，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是第三人称单数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填was threatened。
5.答案：will be postponed
解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据next Monday和语境可知,学校运动会将被推迟到下周一,所以应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be postponed。
6.答案：are being tested
解析：由now可知，句子用现在进行时，主语Some of the exercise machines（一些健身器材）与test（测试）之间是被动关系，即器材被测试，所以用现在进行时的被动语态are being tested。 故填are being tested。
7.答案：are being taken
解析：考查现在进行时的被动语态及主谓一致。句意:这些小宝宝现在正在被这个护士照顾着。The little babies和take care of 之间为被动关系,根据时间状语right now以及句意可知应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填are being taken。
8.答案：was being repaired
解析：考查过去进行时的被动语态。根据句子 “We had to take a different path because the road...” 可知，这里表示因为道路正在被修理，所以我们不得不走另一条路。“was being repaired” 是过去进行时的被动语态，结构为 “was/were being + 过去分词”，表示过去某个时刻正在进行的被动动作，在此处强调当时道路正在被修理的状态。故填 was being repaired。
9.答案：have been damaged
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的几年里,一些珍贵的文物遭到破坏,而只有少数幸存下来。动词damage与主语relics之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,结合时间状语over the past few years可知,此处应用现在完成时的被动语态,主语为复数形式,故填have been damaged。
10.答案：had been removed
解析：句意为:我们到达现场时,清洁工已经把垃圾清理掉了。结合句意可知,“清理垃圾”发生在“我们到达现场”这个过去时间之前,应使用过去完成时;又因为remove 和主句的主语The rubbish之间是被动关系,所以应使用被动语态。故填 had been removed。
二、
1.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The Western Australian Marine Science Institution (WAMSI) provided opportunities for the artists to learn from marine scientists through talks, presentations and field trips.(西澳大利亚海洋科学研究所（WAMSI）为艺术家们提供了通过讲座、演讲和实地考察向海洋科学家学习的机会。)”可知，WAMSI通过组织教育活动来帮助艺术家。故选D。
2.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“The scientists benefited from explaining their work to different audiences, and the interest from the artists was incredibly high, contributing to a shared appreciation for the marine environment.(科学家们从向不同的受众阐释自己的研究工作中获益匪浅，而艺术家们对此表现出了极高的兴趣，这有助于大家对海洋环境形成一种共同的珍视之情。)”以及第四段“Responding with intuition (直觉), curiosity and imagination, the artists have interpreted their findings through chosen materials and techniques and created artworks to help move this understanding into the wider community(艺术家们凭借直觉、好奇心和想象力，通过选定的材料和技术诠释他们的发现，并创作艺术作品，帮助将这种理解传播到更广泛的社区。)”可推知，艺术家的参与有助于海洋知识的传播。故选C。
3.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“The pursuit of marine science inspired some artists, whose artworks often centre around the finely-balanced coastal environment and the impact of structural change.(对海洋科学的探索激发了一些艺术家的创作灵感，他们的艺术作品常常围绕着微妙平衡的沿海环境以及结构变化所带来的影响展开。)”可推断，文中提到《微塑料菜单》这个作品是为了说明艺术家从科学中汲取灵感。故选B。
4.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“An art exhibition that combines scientific knowledge with creative inspiration was recently presented in Albany. The exhibition featured artworks from MIX Artists in the Great Southern that showcased unique art-science cooperation between contemporary artists and marine (海洋的) scientists working in the region. The waters of the south coast and around Albany are well-known for their unique diversity of plants and animals, and the works conveyed important marine science knowledge and current research to a broad audience.(最近在奥尔巴尼举办了一个将科学知识与创作灵感相结合的艺术展览。该展览展出了来自大南方MIX艺术家的作品，展示了当代艺术家和在该地区工作的海洋科学家之间独特的艺术科学合作。南海岸和奥尔巴尼附近的水域以其独特的动植物多样性而闻名，这些作品向广大观众传达了重要的海洋科学知识和当前的研究。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一个艺术展览，艺术作品展示了当代艺术家和海洋科学家之间独特的艺术科学合作。该展览向广大观众传达了重要的海洋科学知识和当前的研究。由此可知，B选项“一个艺术与海洋科学合作展览”最符合文章标题。故选B。
三、
答案：FDABG
解析：①根据上文It is a time when a young person will move out of their home to be independent.可知，上大学是年轻人离开家独立的时刻，再根据下文Are you ready for such an exploration 可知，F项：In one sense, the university can be a completely new world to explore.(从某种意义上说，大学对于他们来说是未来要探索的全新世界。)连接上下文，关键词是explore。故选F项。
②根据上文At university, you will be taught by leading lecturers in their fields of study.可知，在大学里，你将由专业领域的顶尖讲师授课。D项：You can thus equip yourself with enough academic knowledge.(因此，你可以用足够多的学术知识来武装自己。)符合语境，故选D。
③根据下文Once you have decided that you do want to go to university, how can you choose a dream one 可知，一旦你决定了你要上大学，那么如何选择一个梦想中的大学呢 A项：How can you choose a university (你如何选择一所大学 )概括本段内容，故选A。
④根据下文Your interest, the major and the course to be taken are all the concerns.可知，你的兴趣、专业和即将选择的课程都应考虑。B项：You have to first think of various aspects.(你首先得考虑到各方面的因素。)符合语境，故选B。
⑤根据上文Apart from the academic achievements, various societies, where freshmen can meet like-minded friends, offer you chances to develop the extra-curricular interests in many fields.可知，大学不仅让学生获得学业上的成就，而且通过参加各种社团他们能找到志同道合的朋友，并培养各个领域的课外兴趣。G项：University provides the all-important stepping-stone for your future life.(大学为你未来的生活提供了所有重要的基石。)总结上文内容，故选G。

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