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（1）Unit 1 Looking forwards—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修四期末易错题集训
十大时态复习
一、一般过去时、过去将来时、一般现在时、一般将来时
(一)一般过去时
1．一般过去时的构成为did/was/were
2．一般过去时的用法
(1)表示过去某时间的动作或状态；
(2)在时间及条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。
(二)过去将来时
1．过去将来时的构成为would/should do/be
2．过去将来时的用法
表示从过去某时间看，将要发生的事情。
(三)一般现在时
1．一般现在的构成为do/does/am/is/are
2．一般现在时的用法
(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作、现在的特征或状态、客观事实及普遍真理等；
(2)在时间及条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。
(四)一般将来时
1．一般将来时的构成为will/shall do/be
2．一般将来时的用法
表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或状态；
3．一般将来时的其他构成形式及一般用法
(1)be going to do(表示打算去做的事或根据某种迹象预示要发生某事)；
(2)be to do(表示按计划或安排即将要做的事或按照职责、义务、规定、命令等应该做某事)；
(3)be about to do(表示即将要发生的动作)；
(4)另外，go、leave等动词的现在进行时形式也可表示按计划或安排即将要做的事。
(be about to do不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词 when(＝and at that time)引出的分句连用。)
二、过去进行时、现在进行时、将来进行时
(一)过去进行时
1．过去进行时的构成为was/were doing
2．过去进行时的用法
(1)表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有：at this/that time＋过去时间；at...o'clock＋过去时间；from...to...＋过去时间；those days；just now等；
(2)表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用；
(3)一些非延续性动词可用过去进行时表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，多用于从句中。
(二)现在进行时
1．现在进行时的构成为am/is/are doing
2．现在进行时的用法
表示现在(说话人说话时)正在进行的动作或存在的状态，或现阶段一直进行着的动作，常与now；right now；at present；these days；at this moment 等时间状语连用。
(三)将来进行时
1．将来进行时的构成为will/shall be doing
2．将来进行时的用法
表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作，常与 at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow；(by) then; from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow/ the day after tomorrow等时间状语连用。
(现在进行时及过去进行时常与always，constantly，continually, all the time等状语连用。表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，或强调赞赏、厌恶、生气、好奇等感彩，不强调动作正在进行或发生。)
三、过去完成时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时
(一)过去完成时
1．过去完成时的构成为had done
2．过去完成时的用法
(1)表示过去某一时间或动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态(即表示“过去的过去”)；
(2)表示过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去的另一时间，常用的时间状语有 by/until/before/by the end of＋“表示过去的某一时间”；
(3)表示愿望、打算的词，如：hope，expect，mean，intend，want，suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图；
(4)在“It was/had been＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型中，since从句的谓语用过去完成时。
(二)现在完成时
1．现在完成时的构成为has/have done
2．现在完成时的用法
(1)表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，也许还将持续下去的动作或状态。常用的时间状语有：lately; recently; in the last/past few days/years; since then；up to now；so far 等；
(2)表示过去已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。注意这时说话者强调过去的事情对现在造成的影响。常用的时间状语有：already；just(刚刚)；yet；before等；
(3)在“最高级＋名词”或“It/This is＋the first/second...time”之后的定语从句中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
(三)现在完成进行时
1．现在完成进行时的构成为has/have been doing
2．现在完成进行时的用法
(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作；
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。
易错题
一、句子填空
1.The car ______ (drive) smoothly and his owner likes it very much.
2.The researchers ______ (analyze) climate data from satellite images since January.
3.He was able to participate in the competition because a local business ______ (sponsor) him.
4.Over the past years, the company ______ (promote) its new products through various marketing strategies.
5.Before humans arrived on the island, the species ______ (live) in isolation and eaten the plants that naturally grew there.
6.As the spring comes, the weather ______ (get) warmer and warmer.
7.Henry ______ (fix) his car when he heard the screams.
8.Don't phone me between 8:00 am and 9:00 am tomorrow, for I ______ (attend) an academic lecture then.
9.It's neither aliens nor a disease that ______ (threaten) the human race in the future, but climate change.
10.The manager got to the company hurriedly, only to find that he ______ (leave) his laptop and files at home.
二、阅读理解
Mavuram Mallikarjun Reddy is the only farming person from India to receive “Jagjivan Ram Abhinav Kisan Puruskar” from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). The award was given to him for the growing of different types of crops through organic farming.
The journey began in 2014 when Mallikarjun left his software job. The decision wasn’t too sudden. When he visited the hospital, he heard patients and doctors talking about the effects of harmful chemicals on food and milk. It was alarming to see how we pollute ourselves and the environment. The last straw was the death of his friend’s daughter from cancer. “I didn’t want to offer harmful food to my family and I started the change,” says Mallikarjun.
Farming wasn’t new to his family. He took over the land that his farmer father owned, and began running a semi — organic farm with the rice crop. As the results were not as expected, he grew the rice crop in drip irrigation (滴灌) and then attempted hybrid farming. He then practiced the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) farming methodology to increase the productivity of rice. If regular farming requires an investment (投资额) of $600 for 6,000 kg of rice, Mallikarjun invests only $300 to obtain the same output. Efforts by Mallikarjun in rainwater harvesting through lakes and open wells for increased groundwater and raising awareness among other farmers of the misuse of pesticides and field management have also been appreciated. He also recommends using techniques researched by agricultural universities to deal with stubble (残梗) in the fields instead of burning stubble.
Mallikarjun manages the fields on his own, without employees, and he follows a 12-hour work schedule — awakening at 4 a. m. to feed sheep, goats and cows before going to the farm. The software engineer-turned-farmer has also launched an organic shop, where he sells the produce of farmers from his village. “Organic farming helps the environment,” he describes. “Small farmers must start small to maintain organic agriculture and their livelihoods as well.”
1. How did Mallikarjun probably feel when he visited the hospital in 2014
A. Puzzled. B. Curious.
C. Concerned. D. Doubtful.
2. What do Mallikarjun’s farming approaches reveal according to paragraph 3
A. The value of traditional methods.
B. The importance of high investments.
C. The disadvantages of organic farming.
D. The effectiveness of innovative techniques.
3. What does Mallikarjun intend to promote through his efforts in paragraph 4
A. Profit-driven farming. B. Crop waste recycling.
C. Personalized farming techniques. D. Eco-friendly agricultural practices.
4. Which of the following best describes Mallikarjun
A. Creative and caring. B. Energetic and patient.
C. Honest and passionate. D. Conventional and serious.
三、七选五
Certain Chinese cuisines, such as the well-known Roasted Duck from Beijing or the delicious Tianjin-style Pancakes, might appear commonplace to the Chinese, but they have gained global recognition. The appeal of these delicacies is deeply rooted in vast geographical diversity.
Stretching from the extremely cold northern plains to the southern rainforests, different regions have their unique ingredients and cooking techniques. ①_______, commonly referred to as the Eight Major Cuisines of China. These include the rich and flavor-packed dishes of Sichuan, the delicate and varied tastes of Guangdong, the mouth-watering and hearty foods of Shandong, and the spicy and sour flavors of Hunan, among others.
Climate plays a crucial role in shaping regional cuisines. In Sichuan, for example, the hot and wet climate, coupled with the region’s mountainous physical geography, has led to a preference for spicy foods, like Stir-Fried Tofu in Hot Sauce or Spicy Chicken. The spicy flavors add appetite to dishes. In addition, ②_______. The unique conditions of the Sichuan Basin, with its low-lying land and difficulty in losing heat through evaporation (蒸发), contribute to this preference.
One of the most noteworthy contrasts between southern and northern Chinese cuisines lies in the employment of ingredients. Southern dishes tend to be lighter and more delicate, featuring seafood, vegetables, and rice. In contrast, ③_______. They have a wealth of wheat-based dishes like noodles and dumplings.
④_______, regardless of their differences. Dishes are attentively cooked to stimulate the senses and promote a sense of pleasure. The use of fresh, seasonal ingredients, along with the close attention to details in preparation and presentation, defines Chinese cuisine.
Another important aspect of Chinese dining culture is the significance of table manners. Meals are often shared among family and friends, with each person taking turns to serve and pour. Chopsticks, rather than forks or knives, are preferred, symbolizing closeness and familiarity. The act of eating together goes beyond food alone. ⑤ _______.
A. northern cuisines are heavier and more hearty
B. they serve to warm up and remove dampness from the body
C. This diversity comes down to its geographical and climatic conditions
D. The Chinese people have for centuries crafted varieties of delicious dishes
E. This geographical diversity has given birth to eight major cooking traditions
F. That is to say, it represents a sense of community and the strength of bonds
G. Chinese cuisines share emphasis on the perfect harmony of color, flavor and taste
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：drives
解析：考查动词。句意:这辆车行驶得很平稳，它的主人非常喜欢它。drive(驾驶;开车)作谓语，句子描述的是一般性事实，用一般现在时，且强调汽车本身的性能，为主动语态，主语The car是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填drives。
2.答案：have been analyzing
解析：考查时态。句意：自从一月，研究者就一直在分析卫星图像的气候数据。此处作谓语动词，主语为The researchers，为复数，且根据时间状语since January可知，此处应用现在完成时，且此处意为“一直在分析”，故应用现在完成进行时，故填have been analyzing。
3.答案：sponsored
解析：考查时态。句意:他能够参加比赛是因为当地一家企业赞助了他。此处为because引导的原因状语从句的谓语，根据主句中的was可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，谓语用sponsor“赞助”的过去式sponsored。故填sponsored。
4.答案：has promoted
解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意:在过去的几年里，该公司通过各种营销策略推广其新产品。空处是句子的谓语动词，由“Over the past years”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，主语the company是单数，助动词用has。故填has promoted。
5.答案：had lived
解析：句意为:在人类抵达该岛之前,该物种一直生活在与世隔绝的环境中,并以自然生长在那里的植物为食。根据句意和 Before humans arrived on the island可知,live 表示的动作应发生在arrived的动作之前,为“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故填 had lived。
6.答案：is getting
解析：考查动词时态。句意:随着春天的到来,天气变得越来越暖和。由时间状语从句中谓语动词的时态可知主句用现在时,天气变得越来越暖和,表示正在进行,故填is getting。
7.答案：was fixing
解析：句意为:亨利听到尖叫声时正在修车。分析句子结构可知,设空处作主句谓语。此处考查be doing sth when...结构,意为“正在做某事,这时……”,同时根据 heard 可知,该句描述的是过去发生的事情,应用过去进行时,主语为第三人称单数,故填was fixing。
8.答案：will be attending
解析：句意为:明天上午8点到9点之间不要给我打电话,因为那时我正在参加一个学术讲座。时间状语then 指between 8:00 am and 9:00 am tomorrow这个将来时间。结合句意可知,明天上午8点到9点之间“我”将正在听讲座,使用将来进行时表原因。故填 will be attending。
9.答案：will threaten
解析：句意为:未来威胁人类的既不是外星人,也不是疾病,而是气候变化。根据时间状语 in the future可知,此处应用一般将来时。故填 will threaten。
10.答案：had left
解析：句意为:经理匆忙赶到公司,结果却发现他把笔记本电脑和文件夹忘在家里了。分析句子可知,got to the company用的是一般过去时,“电脑和文件夹忘在家里”应该发生在“经理赶到公司”之前,所以是“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故填had left。
二、
1.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“When he visited the hospital, he heard patients and doctors talking about the effects of harmful chemicals on food and milk. It was alarming to see how we pollute ourselves and the environment. The last straw was the death of his friend’s daughter from cancer. ‘I didn’t want to offer harmful food to my family and I started the change,’ says Mallikarjun.(当他参观医院时，他听到病人和医生谈论有害化学物质对食品和牛奶的影响。看到我们如何污染自己和环境是令人震惊的。他朋友的女儿死于癌症，这使他忍无可忍。“我不想给我的家人提供有害的食物，我开始改变，” Mallikarjun说)”可知，2014年马利卡君访问医院时，他可能是担心的，不想给家人提供有害的食物。故选C。
2.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段"He then practiced the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) farming methodology to increase the productivity of rice. If regular farming requires an investment (投资额) of $600 for 6,000 kg of rice, Mallikarjun invests only $300 to obtain the same output. Efforts by Mallikarjun in rainwater harvesting through lakes and open wells for increased groundwater and raising awareness among other farmers of the misuse of pesticides and field management have also been appreciated. He also recommends using techniques researched by agricultural universities to deal with stubble (残梗) in the fields instead of burning stubble.(然后，他实践了水稻集约化系统(SRI)耕作方法，以提高水稻的生产力。如果常规农业需要投资600美元来生产6000公斤大米，Mallikarjun只需要投资300美元就能获得同样的产量。Mallikarjun在通过湖泊和露天水井收集雨水以增加地下水和提高其他农民对滥用农药和田间管理的认识方面所作的努力也受到赞赏。他还建议使用农业大学研究的技术来处理田间的残茬，而不是焚烧残茬)”可知，常规农业需要投资600美元来生产6000公斤大米，Mallikarjun只需要投资300美元就能获得同样的产量，所以Mallikarjun的耕作方法揭示了创新技术的有效性。故选D。
3.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Mallikarjun manages the fields on his own, without employees, and he follows a 12-hour work schedule — awakening at 4 a. m. to feed sheep, goats and cows before going to the farm. The software engineer-turned-farmer has also launched an organic shop, where he sells the produce of farmers from his village. ‘Organic farming helps the environment,’ he describes. ‘Small farmers must start small to maintain organic agriculture and their livelihoods as well.’(Mallikarjun自己管理田地，没有员工，他遵循12小时的工作时间表——早上4点起床，喂绵羊、山羊和奶牛，然后去农场。这位软件工程师出身的农民还开了一家有机商店，在那里出售他村里农民的产品。“有机农业有利于环境，”他说。“小农户必须从小做起，以维持有机农业和他们的生计。“)”可知，Mallikarjun希望促进生态友好型农业实践。故选D。
4.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Mallikarjun为家人毅然辞去软件工作，开始从事有机农业，因为不想给家人提供有害的食物，所以是有爱心的，根据第三段内容可知，Mallikarjun实践了水稻集约化系统(SRI)耕作方法，取得了很好的成果，说明他是有创造力的。故选A。
三、
答案：EBAGF
解析：①联系上文题。根据上文Stretching from the extremely cold northern plains to the southern rainforests, different regions have their unique ingredients and cooking techniques.(从极寒的北方平原到南方的雨林,不同的地区有他们独特的食材和烹饪技术。)可知,空处与地理和气候条件和饮食的关系有关,结合选项E.This geographical diversity has given birth to eight major cooking traditions(这种地理多样性催生了中国的八大烹饪传统。)符合语境。故选E。
②联系上文题。根据上文The spicy flavors add appetite to dishes.In addition(辣味增加了菜肴的食欲。此外。)可知,空处与辣菜的好处有关,结合选项B.they serve to warm up and remove dampness from the body(它们用来暖和身体,消除身体的湿气。)符合语境。故选B。
③联系上文题。根据上文Southern dishes tend to be lighter and more delicate, featuring seafood, vegetables,and rice. In contrast,(南方菜肴往往更清淡、更精致,以海鲜、蔬菜和米饭为特色。相反),可知,空处与北方菜系的特点有关,结合选项A.northern cuisines are heavier and more hearty (北方菜系更为丰富和实在。)符合语境。故选A。
④联系下文题。根据下文regardless of their differences. Dishes are attentively cooked to stimulate the senses and promote a sense of pleasure.(不管他们有什么不同。菜肴经过精心烹饪,以刺激感官,增进愉悦感。)可知,空处与中国菜系的共同特点有关,结合选项G.Chinese cuisines share emphasis on the perfect harmony of color, flavor and taste (中国菜系强调色、香、味的完美和谐。)符合语境。故选G。
⑤联系上文题。根据上文The act of eating together goes beyond food alone.(一起吃饭的行为超越了食物本身。)可知,空处与一起用餐的意义有关,结合选项F.That is to say, it represents a sense of community and the strength of bonds(也就是说,它代表了社区感和纽带的力量。)符合语境。故选F。

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