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（5）Unit 5 Learning from nature—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修三期末易错题集训
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
一、非谓语作主语
1. ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing...；It's no use/good doing...；It is useless doing...；There is no...等中。
It's a waste of time arguing about minor details. 为琐事争论是浪费时间。
There is no denying that he is a talented musician. 不可否认他是个有才华的音乐家。
2. 不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用 it作形式主语。
It's important to review the lessons before exams. 考试前复习功课很重要。
3. it作形式主语时，不定式或 ing形式是真正的主语，放在句子后部，以使句子保持平衡。
二、非谓语作宾语
1. 下列动词后只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等
2. 下列动词或动词短语后只能用 ing形式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon; admit，delay/put off，fancy(想象，设想); avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice; deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate; forbid，imagine，risk; can't help，mind，allow/permit，escape
此外，下列动词短语后也要用 ing形式作宾语：
be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，go back to，stick to，object to，get down to，pay attention to，can't stand (无法忍受)，give up，feel like，insist on，thank...for，apologize for，be busy (in)，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)，spend time (in)，look forward to
3. 下列动词或动词短语后既可以用 ing形式作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：
后接不定式 后接动名词
regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事
forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事
remember to do sth.记得要去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事
try to do sth.努力/企图去做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事
cant help (to)do sth.不能帮助做某事 can't help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
三、非谓语作表语
1. 不定式作表语常用来表示预计要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，而不具有未来的含义。
My goal is to become a qualified teacher. 我的目标是成为一名合格的教师。(未来计划)
The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the budget. 会议的目的是讨论预算。(说明内容)
2. -ing形式作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
Her favorite hobby is painting landscapes. 她最喜欢的爱好是画风景。(抽象动作)
What I enjoy most is reading novels by the fireplace.
我最喜欢的是在壁炉旁读小说。(what 从句作主语)
易错题
一、句子填空
1.It is proved that ______ (use) the latest scientific equipment allows the sportsmen to get the best out of their training.
2.The aim of the activity is ______ (raise) people’s awareness of environmental protection.
3.She is keen on ______ (learn) how to play the piano, so she practices every day.
4.______ (master) a foreign language requires consistent practice and cultural immersion.
5.Approaches to ______ (deal) with the problem have caused heated discussion among the students.
6.The most effective way to reduce stress is ______ (set) realistic goals for yourself.
7.Keep in mind that it is no good ______ (recite) without understanding.
8.______ (combine) pleasure with education is a crucial way to improve our teaching efficiency.
9.The project will contribute to ______ (develop) the economy when it is completed.
10.The theory would explain why, when we miss a night's sleep, we find it harder the next day ______ (concentrate) and learn new information.
二、阅读理解
Research has found that loneliness and social isolation are associated with an increased risk of conditions like anxiety, depression, heart disease, and stroke. In fact, a 2010 analysis found that loneliness is as harmful to physical health as smoking 15 cigarettes a day — meaning using friendship to reduce loneliness is good for you. But how many friends should you have
According to Jeffrey Hall, a professor of communication studies at the University of Kansas, if you want to ease the health impacts of loneliness, the most important thing you can do is to have at least one important person in your life. But if you want to have the most meaningful life, one where you feel very bonded and connected to others, more friends are better.
Some research endorses his remarks. One study from 2016 found that those with at least six friends have better health throughout their lives, and a study from 2020 found that middle-aged women who have at least three friends typically have higher levels of overall satisfaction with their lives.
To figure out whether you need more friends in your life, psychologist Marisa Franco recommends asking yourself, “Do I feel lonely ” Loneliness is sort of an alarm system. While everyone feels lonely sometimes, you should determine whether you feel left out or isolated regularly.
Franco also recommends asking yourself if there are parts of your identity that you feel are restricted. “Different people bring out different parts of us. So when you have a large friend group, you’re able to experience this side of yourself that loves basketball, and that side of yourself that loves flowers,” Franco said. “If you’re not feeling quite like yourself, that might indicate you need different types of friends.”
Since making new friends can be difficult, Franco said it’s often easier to rekindle old relationships. She added that you should take the initiative and not assume that friendships will naturally happen.
“Ultimately, there ‘isn’t a magic number’ of friends for everyone,” Hall said. “Your personality and the characteristics of your life are going to make a difference.”
1. What might Jeffrey Hall agree with
A. Having just one friend leads to more happiness.
B. Everyone’s ideal number of friends doesn’t vary.
C. A broad friend network enables strong connections.
D. Friendship should be prioritized in social relations.
2. What does the underlined word “endorses” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Creates. B. Supports.
C. Satisfies. D. Introduces.
3. Which one suggests a person needs more friends according to Franco
A. Continuous self-doubt. B. Few exciting experiences.
C. Ineffective social activities. D. Constant feelings of isolation.
4. What does Franco say about having a large friend group
A. It requires befriending those with shared values.
B. It ensures personal growth by wide social circles.
C. It means a person won’t feel restricted any longer.
D. It helps explore different aspects of one’s personality.
三、七选五
Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. ①_______ The mental health benefits from music can’t be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.
②_______ However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain. By distracting (分心) the mind from the pain, music, people say, can lower-stress and anxiety levels. This, of course, can lead to less pain.
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. ③_______ While the validity of the idea is still being assessed, the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure. Similarly, according to researchers, listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels, through the lowering of stress and anxiety.
When it comes to heart health, there is speculation (推测) that it’s not the style of music, but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health. In one European study, participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. ④_______ On the other hand, when the music slowed, the participants’ stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.
⑤_______ It is what makes music so valuable.
A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems.
B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud.
C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing.
D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep.
E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive.
F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety,
G. Interestingly, the more cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：using
解析：句意为:事实证明,使用最新的科学设备能使运动员获得最佳训练效果。分析句子结构可知,此处使用It作形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的从句,从句缺少主语,表示一件已知的事或经验,用动名词作主语。故填using。
2.答案：to raise
解析：句意为:这个活动的目的是提高人们的环保意识。动词不定式在此处作表语,用来说明主语的内容。故填to raise。
3.答案：learning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意:她热衷于学习弹钢琴，所以她每天都练习。空前on是介词，空处动词需用动名词形式learning作宾语。故填learning。
4.答案：To master
解析：考查不定式。句意：掌握一门外语需要不断的联系和文化融入。此处在句中作主语，且此处表示“具体的行为”，故应用不定式作主语，故填To master。
5.答案：dealing
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：解决这个问题的方法在学生中引起了热烈的讨论。approach(es) to...意为“……的方法”，to是介词，跟动名词作宾语。故填dealing。
6.答案：to set
解析：考查不定式。句意：减小压力最有效的方式是为自己制定现实的目标。此处作表语，根据主语The most effective way可知，此处应用不定式作表语，故填to set。
7.答案：reciting
解析：考查非谓语。句意:记住，没有理解就背诵是没有用的。分析句子可知，这里考查It is no good doing sth.，是一个固定句型，意思是“做某事没有好处/意义”。这个句型中的“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是动名词短语“doing sth.”。故填reciting。
8.答案：Combining
解析：分析句子结构，这里需要用动名词短语作主语，“combine...with...” 表示 “把…… 和…… 结合起来”，故填Combining。
9.答案：developing
解析：句意为:这项工程在竣工后,将会有助于经济发展。contribute to 意为“有助于;促成;造成”,to为介词,后接动名词作介词宾语,故填 developing。
10.答案：to concentrate
解析：句意为:这个理论将解释为什么当我们一夜没睡好时,我们发现第二天就更难集中精力学习新知识。本句中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语为设空处及其后的内容,应用不定式作真正的宾语。故填 to concentrate。
二、
1.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段According to Jeffrey Hall, a professor of communication studies at the University of Kansas, if you want to ease the health impacts of loneliness, the most important thing you can do is to have at least one important person in your life. But if you want to have the most meaningful life, one where you feel very bonded and connected to others, more friends are better (根据堪萨斯大学传播学教授Jeffrey Hall的说法，如果你想减轻孤独对健康的影响，你能做的最重要的事情就是在你的生活中至少有一个重要的人。但如果你想拥有最有意义的生活，一个你感觉与他人紧密相连的生活，那么朋友越多越好。)可知，Jeffrey Hall可能会同意的是广泛的朋友网络可以建立牢固的联系。故选C。
2.答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段One study from 2016 found that those with at least six friends have better health throughout their lives, and a study from 2020 found that middle-aged women who have at least three friends typically have higher levels of overall satisfaction with their lives (2016年的一项研究发现，拥有至少6个朋友的人一生都更健康，2020年的一项研究发现，拥有至少3个朋友的中年女性通常对生活的总体满意度更高。)可知，这些研究发现与Jeffrey Hall的观点相一致，因此，endorses意为"支持",和supports意思相近。A.Creates创造；B.Supports支持；C.Satisfies使满意；D.Introduces介绍。故选B。
3.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段To figure out whether you need more friends in your life, psychologist Marisa Franco recommends asking yourself, ‘Do I feel lonely ’(为了弄清楚你的生活中是否需要更多的朋友，心理学家Marisa Franco建议你问问自己：“我感到孤独吗 ")可知，Franco表示，为了弄清楚你的生活中是否需要更多的朋友，你应该确定自己是否经常感到被冷落或孤立。故选D。
4.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段Different people bring out different parts of us. So when you have a large friend group, you’re able to experience this side of yourself that loves basketball, and that side of yourself that loves flowers (不同的人展现出我们不同的一面。所以当你有一大群朋友的时候，你就能体会到自己热爱篮球的这一面，以及自己热爱鲜花的那一面)可推断出，拥有一个大的朋友群有助于探索一个人性格的不同方面。故选D。
三、
答案：FBDGE
解析：①空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can’t be argued.(音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的)”，可知，选项承接下文说明音乐是有益处的，而受到欢迎。F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits，因此F选项“它还因其对压力和焦虑的个性化影响而广受欢迎。”切合题意，故选F。
②空格后说“However, for the same reason, music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项“一些专家说，如果音乐太大声，它可能是有害的。”切合题意，故选B。
③空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed.(许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐)”，选项承接上文说明其作用。D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed相呼应，因此D选项“他们说，它可以在很大程度上起到让大脑平静下来，从而有助于睡眠的作用。”切合题意，故选D。
④空格前说“In one European study, participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure.(在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压)”选项承接上文说明其结果，G选项Interestingly, the more cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G选项“有趣的是，音乐越欢快，他们的心率就越快。”切合题意，
⑤空格后说“It is what makes music so valuable.(这就是音乐如此有价值的原因)”，因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康有好处，因此E选项“音乐对整体福祉的影响确实令人印象深刻。”切合题意，故选E。

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