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（6）Unit 6 Space and beyond—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修四期末易错题集训
情态动词
一、情态动词的基本用法(1)
1. 表示能力：(1)can 表示现在的能力；(2)could表示过去的能力。
2. 表示推测：推测即可能性。
3. 表示必要性：(1)must表示主观上的必要性；(2)have to表示客观上的必要性。
表示推测的情态动词的用法比较(由强到弱)：
情态动词 肯定式 否定式 疑问式
must 必定，必然 / /
should 按说应该 应该不会 /
ought to 按说应该 应该不会 /
can / 不可能 有可能吗？
could 微弱的可能 不可能 语气比can弱
may 或许，也许，也说不定 可能不 /
might 比may还弱 比may not还弱 /
二、 情态动词的基本用法(2)
1. shall表示征求意见和宣布法律、规定。
2. should意为“按说应该”，表示推测，相当于ought to。
3. will 表示主观的意志、意愿及用来叙述目前的习惯。
4. would 用来叙述过去的习惯。
5. dare有时态的变化。
6. need无时态的变化。
其他：
1. shall还可表示说话者给对方的命令、指示或允诺
You shall get a promotion if you keep working hard.
如果你继续努力工作，你会得到晋升的。
2. should还可表示“(义务上的)应该”，在语气上比must (必须)弱。
I should help my parents with the housework this weekend, but I have a lot of work to do.
这个周末我应该帮父母做家务，但我有很多工作要做。
3. will/would还可表示请求、建议，主语为第二人称，would在语气上更委婉。
Will/Would you help me carry these books
你能帮我搬这些书吗？
4. would和used to都可表示过去的习惯，但前者表示过去反复的动作，常与every day，often，frequently等连用；后者表示过去的状态或过去的习惯，但现在已不存在。
He would often go fishing by the river. Now he is too busy to do that.
他过去常常去河边钓鱼。现在他太忙而不能那样做了。
5. dare作情态动词时，还可用于条件状语从句中。
If you dare speak to your teacher like that again, you’ll be in trouble.
如果你敢再那样和你的老师说话，你会有麻烦的。
三、情态动词的特殊用法——表示对过去的推测
1. must have done sth.表示“(过去)一定做了某事”；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句。
He must have gone to the library because he often goes there after school.
他一定去图书馆了，因为他放学后经常去那里。
2. may have done sth.表示“也许已经做了某事”，may not have done sth.表示也许还没做某事。
She may have finished the project.
她也许已经完成了那个项目。
3. might have done sth.表示“过去可能/也许做了某事”；语气不确定；用于肯定句。might not have done sth.表示过去也许没做某事。
They might not have known about the change of the schedule.
他们也许不知道日程安排的变动。
4. could have done sth.表示“过去可能做了某事”，could not have done sth.表示过去不可能做了某事。
He couldn't have gone to the party because he was ill.
他不可能去参加聚会了，因为他生病了。
5. can have done sth.表示“疑虑或惊讶”，用于疑问句，其否定形式为can't/cannot have done sth.
Can he have finished the work so quickly
他能这么快就完成工作吗？
四、情态动词的特殊用法——表示与过去事实相反
1. could have done sth.表示过去本可以做某事但实际上没做。
I could have won the game, but I made some stupid mistakes.
我本可以赢得比赛的，但我犯了一些愚蠢的错误。
2. needn't have done sth.表示过去本不必做某事但实际上做了。
You needn't have bought so much food. There's plenty at home.
你本不必买这么多食物的。家里已经有很多了。
3. should have done sth.表示过去本应该做某事但实际上没做，可与ought to have done 换用。
You should have told me the truth earlier.
你本应该早点告诉我真相的。
4. shouldn't have done sth.表示过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了。
He shouldn't have stayed up so late last night. It affected his work today.
他昨晚本不应该熬夜这么晚的。这影响了他今天的工作。
5. might have done sth.表示过去也许可以做某事但实际上没做。
She might have joined us, but she had other plans.
她也许本可以加入我们的，但她有其他的计划。
易错题
一、句子填空
1.He ______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside.
2.Parents ______ put the things like knives and medicine away in the house to keep children safe.
3.Reading English novels has greatly increased my vocabulary—I suggest you ______ try it too.
4.People ______ talk on a mobile phone while they are driving.
5.My younger sister always sets the alarm clock at 6:00 am so that she ______ get up early and catch the bus.
6.From the moment he ______ read, he was never without a book in his hands.
7.We ______ have different opinions in organising class activities, but we can discuss together to make them better.
8.One of our rules is that every student ______ wear school uniform while at school.
9.A machine ______ work for itself; it must be operated by man.
10.This is Danny Jackson from the Market Research Company. ______ I ask you a few questions
二、阅读理解
Nowadays, hunger and malnutrition remain major global problems and the lack of decisive action could worsen the situation. With the world population continuing to increase, mostly in Africa and Asia — it is expected to reach almost 10 billion by 2050 — a considerable increase in food production is required to feed the additional people. But this is difficult to achieve because of land and water scarcity and other environmental issues. What complicates the matter further is the climate-change-induced decline in food production growth in many parts of the world.
In January 2025, more than 150 Nobel Prize and World Food Prize winners, mostly scientists, urged global leaders to prioritize research and development in agriculture, and develop “moonshot” technologies to address the tragic mismatch between global food supply and demand. To solve the problem, especially to boost food production and strengthen global food security, the world needs to promote smart innovation in agriculture and food systems.
An important part of the solution is harnessing new technologies, such as digital innovation and genomics-assisted breeding. These technologies can help increase crop yield while reducing fluctuations in production due to climate shocks. New technologies can also help reduce the negative environmental effects of intensive farming. For instance, digital sensors scan plants and the soil to detect diseases and nutrient deficiency, which can then be treated through precise applications. Such systems can significantly reduce the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers.
Apart from increasing crop yield and reducing inputs, new technologies can also help preserve, if not restore, diversity in farmlands, food markets and people’s diets. For the last 70 years, most farmers across the world have been growing a few staple crops, such as rice, wheat, maize and soybean, neglecting other crops. This means competitive seed varieties and technologies are often not available to farmers.
In many middle- and high-income countries, farmlands are large and homogeneous, mainly because it is easier to operate big machines on them. And the use of machines in places where labor is costly and scarce can help farmers to remain competitive.
Yet to preserve biodiversity, we need smaller fields and more diverse farms. Such diverse farms cannot easily be operated by large machines, but by smaller robots. Obviously, the use of robots is unnecessary where human labor is cheap and abundant.
1. Why did over 150 prize winners urge global leaders to prioritize agricultural research
A. To resolve the imbalance between global food supply and demand.
B. To replace traditional crops with genetically modified ones.
C. To reduce the cost of labor in farming.
D. To promote the use of large machines in agriculture.
2. How might digital sensors help reduce environmental harm from farming
A. By increasing the use of chemical fertilizers.
B. By replacing human labor with robots in all regions.
C. By encouraging farmers to grow only staple crops.
D. By identifying plant diseases and nutrient shortages for targeted treatment.
3. The bold word “homogeneous” in the paragraph 5 most likely means ________.
A. diverse in crop types B. difficult to operate
C. similar or uniform in structure D. environmentally friendly
4. What is the primary focus of the passage
A. The environmental challenges caused by climate change.
B. The role of new technologies in addressing global food shortages.
C. The importance of biodiversity in farmlands and diets.
D. The economic impact of labor scarcity in agriculture.
三、七选五
Climate Change Causes Damage to Small Farms
A new study says the speed and severity of climate change could cause major damage to small African farms. These farmers are already struggling to deal with the effects of climate change. The study was released at the African Green Revolution Forum in Addis Ababa last month. It is called the 2014 African Agriculture Status Report.
“①_______ About 70 percent of the rural population in sub-Saharan Africa are small-scale farmers. They produce about 80 percent of the food need in Africa,” said Ameyaw, a lead producer of the report. ②_______
Climate change may be impacting some farmers more than others. Scientists have found that small-scale family farmers across Africa are being overwhelmed (压垮) with the impact and severity of climate change.
Small-scale farmers grow most of the crops in Africa on fields that are usually from 2 to 10 hectares (公顷). ③_______ In African countries, farmers produce about one-point-five tons of cereal (谷物) from each hectare. Farmers in many other countries produce more than five tons per hectare. Mr. Ameyaw says there are several reasons for this difference.
“④_______ Weather is rainfall. Weather is drought. Weather is an increase in temperature. They are more exposed to these climate effects than any other part of the world. On top of that most of them use their own labor or family labor. They are not mechanized,” he said.
Climate change is also expected to affect the average length of the growing season. This could continue to reduce the already low amount of crops that come from each hectare. Mr. Ameyaw says experts are urging African farmers to reduce the effects of climate change with a program called Climate Smart Agriculture.⑤_______ “We are talking about farmers being able to adopt nutrient-enriching technology to improve their soil fertility,” Ameyaw said.
A. The program includes ways to improve and care for soil.
B. Small-scale farmers are the backbone of African agriculture.
C. This major rise in temperature brings a lot of issues to African food security.
D. Small-scale farmers in Africa are much less productive than those in other continents.
E. There is a great possibility for agricultural growth in Africa led by small-scale farmers.
F. About 90-percent of these farms are rain-fed, which means that they depend on the weather.
G. However, they are also the greatest victims of climate change.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：must
解析：句意为:他一定已经完成了工作;否则,他不会在海边玩得很开心。根据分号后的内容可知,此处表示对过去事情的肯定推测,应用 must have done。故填must。
2.答案：should
解析：句意为:为了保证孩子的安全,父母应该把家里的刀子和药品之类的东西收起来。根据句意可知,此处表示劝告或建议,意为“应该”,故填 should。
3.答案：should
解析：考查情态动词。句意：阅读英文小说大大增加了我的词汇量——我建议你也试一试。suggest表示“建议”,后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气,从句谓语部分使用“should+动词原形”,故填should。
4.答案：mustn’t
解析：句意为:人们不能在开车时打电话。根据句意及常识可知,此处表示“禁止”,应用情态动词must的否定形式mustn’t。故填mustn’t。
5.答案：can
解析：so that 引导目的状语从句,常与情态动词can ,could等连用;主句为一般现在时,此处应用情态动词can,表示“能够”。故填can。
6.答案：could
解析：句意为:从他能读书的那一刻起,他手里随时都有一本书。根据句中的was可知,此处表示过去的动作,结合句意,设空处表示过去的某种能力,故填could。
7.答案：may/might
解析：句意为: 在组织班级活动方面我们也许有不同的意见,但是我们可以一起讨论使活动变得更好。此处应为情态动词表推测的用法, 结合句意可知, 该句表示的是对现在情况不确定性的一种推测, 所以使用情态动词 may/might 。故填 may/might。
8.答案：shall
解析：句意为:我们有一条规定是每个学生在校期间必须穿校服。shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者的命令、威胁警告、允诺等，此处表示命令。故填shall。
9.答案：can’t
解析：考查情态动词。句意：机器自己不能工作；必须有人操纵。can可以表示一种客观上的能力，根据下文“it must be operated by man.”，设空处应用否定词can’t，表示“不能，不会”，表没有能力。故填can’t。
10.答案：May/Might/Can/Could
解析：考查情态动词。句意：我 是市场调查公司的丹尼·杰克逊。我可以问您几个问题吗？本句表示征求对方的许可，may、might、can、 could均可用。故填May/Might/Can/Could。
二、
1.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“In January 2025, more than 150 Nobel Prize and World Food Prize winners, mostly scientists, urged global leaders to prioritize research and development in agriculture, and develop “moonshot” technologies to address the tragic mismatch between global food supply and demand. (2025年1月，超过150位诺贝尔奖和世界粮食奖得主，其中大部分是科学家，敦促全球领导人优先发展农业研发，并开发“登月计划”级别的技术，以解决全球粮食供需之间的严重失衡问题)”可知，这些获奖者呼吁加强农业研究，以解决全球粮食供需失衡问题。故选A。
2.答案： D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“For instance, digital sensors scan plants and the soil to detect diseases and nutrient deficiency, which can then be treated through precise applications. Such systems can significantly reduce the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers. (例如，数字传感器通过扫描作物和土壤来检测病虫害和营养缺失情况，随后可进行精准施治。这类系统能大幅减少化学农药和化肥的使用量)”可知，数字传感器通过识别植物病害和营养缺失情况，实现精准施治，从而降低农业对环境的影响。故选D。
3.答案： C
解析：词句猜测题。根据划线词的下文“mainly because it is easier to operate big machines on them (主要是因为在这种农田上更容易操作大型机械)”和下一段开头的“Yet to preserve biodiversity, we need smaller fields and more diverse farms. (然而，为了保持生物多样性，我们需要更小的田地和更多样化的农场)”可知，中高收入国家的农田的这一特征是为了便于大型机械操作，且这种特征与“更多样化”相反。由此可知，这些农田“结构单一”，这样才能便于机械化耕作。故选C。
4.答案： B
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“An important part of the solution is harnessing new technologies, such as digital innovation and genomics-assisted breeding. (解决方案的一个重要组成部分是利用新技术，例如数字创新和基因组辅助育种)”可知，全文的重点是全球粮食供需失衡问题严峻背景下，如何利用新技术帮助解决全球粮食短缺问题。故选B。
三、
答案：BGDFA
解析：①后文“About 70 percent of the rural population in sub-Saharan Africa are small-scale farmers. They produce about 80 percent of the food need in Africa”（撒哈拉以南非洲约70%的农村人口是小规模农民。他们生产非洲约80%的所需食物），强调了小规模农民在非洲农业中的重要地位。B选项“Small-scale farmers are the backbone of African agriculture.”（小规模农民是非洲农业的支柱），“the backbone of African agriculture”与后文描述的小规模农民对非洲食物生产的贡献相呼应，能引出后文对小规模农民情况的进一步阐述，故选B。
②前文提到小规模农民在非洲农业中的重要性，后文“Climate change may be impacting some farmers more than others. Scientists have found that small-scale family farmers across Africa are being overwhelmed (压垮) with the impact and severity of climate change.”（气候变化对一些农民的影响可能比其他农民更大。科学家发现，非洲各地的小规模家庭农民正被气候变化的影响和严重程度压垮），说明小规模农民受到气候变化的严重影响。G选项“However, they are also the greatest victims of climate change.”（然而，他们也是气候变化的最大受害者），“However”表示转折，“they are also the greatest victims of climate change”承接前文小规模农民的重要性，引出后文他们受气候变化影响的内容，起到承上启下的作用，故选G。
③前文“Small-scale farmers grow most of the crops in Africa on fields that are usually from 2 to 10 hectares (公顷).”（小规模农民在非洲种植的大部分作物的农田通常为2到10公顷），后文“In African countries, farmers produce about one-point-five tons of cereal (谷物) from each hectare. Farmers in many other countries produce more than five tons per hectare.”（在非洲国家，农民每公顷生产约1.5吨谷物。许多其他国家的农民每公顷生产超过5吨），对比了非洲小规模农民和其他国家农民的产量。D选项“Small-scale farmers in Africa are much less productive than those in other continents.”（非洲的小规模农民的生产力比其他大陆的农民低得多），“much less productive than those in other continents”与后文非洲和其他国家农民产量的对比相契合，能衔接前后文内容，故选D。
④后文“Weather is rainfall. Weather is drought. Weather is an increase in temperature. They are more exposed to these climate effects than any other part of the world.”（天气因素包括降雨、干旱和气温升高。他们比世界上任何其他地区都更容易受到这些气候影响），强调了天气对非洲小规模农民的影响。F选项“About 90-percent of these farms are rain - fed, which means that they depend on the weather.”（这些农场中约90%是靠雨水灌溉的，这意味着它们依赖天气），“depend on the weather”与后文提到的天气对农民的影响相呼应，解释了为什么非洲小规模农民受气候影响大，故选F。
⑤前文“Mr. Ameyaw says experts are urging African farmers to reduce the effects of climate change with a program called Climate Smart Agriculture.”（Ameyaw先生说，专家们敦促非洲农民通过一个名为“气候智能农业”的项目来减少气候变化的影响），后文“We are talking about farmers being able to adopt nutrient-enriching technology to improve their soil fertility,” Ameyaw said.（Ameyaw说：“我们说的是农民能够采用营养富集技术来提高土壤肥力”）。A选项“The program includes ways to improve and care for soil.”（该项目包括改善和养护土壤的方法），“The program”指代前文的“Climate Smart Agriculture”，“includes ways to improve and care for soil”与后文提到的提高土壤肥力相呼应，能衔接前后文关于该项目的内容，故选A。

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