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（5）Unit 5 Into the unknown—高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修四期末易错题集训
名词性从句
一、连接词that，whether，if引导的名词性从句
1. that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，that不作从句的任何成分，但通常不可省略。
It is amazing that he finished the work ahead of time.
2. 引导宾语从句的that不作从句的任何成分，常可省略。
I believe (that) he will succeed in the competition.
3. 引导表语从句和同位语从句的that不作从句的任何成分，通常不可省略。
The fact is that he didn't tell the truth.
The news that he won the first prize is exciting.
4. whether与if都可以引导宾语从句。
I wonder if/whether he will come to the party.
5. whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句，其中引导同位语从句时不可以用if来替换。
Whether he will attend the meeting is still unknown.
The question whether he can pass the exam is worrying him.
其他：
1. 动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后面有宾语补足语时，需用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置，that通常不可省略。
I feel it important that we should learn a foreign language well.
2. that引导两个以上的宾语从句时，通常只省略第一个从句中的that。
He said (that) he would go to the park and that he would stay there for a while.
3. whether与if引导宾语从句时，大多数情况下可以互换。但or not前面用whether；用于介词后的宾语从句也用whether引导。
We are discussing whether or not we should start the project.
She is interested in whether he can solve the problem.
4. 有时主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句的内容较长，这时为避免“头重脚轻”，常常将谓语部分提到从句前面，形成分隔式同位语从句。
The hope will come true one day that he will travel around the world.
二、连接代词和连接副词引导的名词性从句
1. 引导名词性从句的连接代词有who，whom，whose，what等。它们不但起连接作用，还在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。缺少连接代词，从句不完整。
Whom he met yesterday is a famous writer.
2. 引导名词性从句的连接副词有when，where，why，how。它们不但起连接作用，还在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因和方式等。缺少连接副词，从句也不完整。
How he solved the problem is a mystery.
（引导名词性从句的还有“疑问词＋ever”，如whoever 、whomever、wherever、whichever等，它们在从句中充当某些句子成分。）
Whoever breaks the rule will be punished.
易错题
一、句子填空
1.The journalist echoed the villagers’ doubt in the newspaper ______ the tourist resorts would really benefit the local economy.
2.Word came ______ their hard work paid off and they won first prize.
3.I can’t wait to describe to you ______ senior high school life is like.
4.Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on ______ you feel about your physical appearance.
5.I am fairly confident ______ everything will come out right in time.
6.He added that the present plan would be discussed the next day and ______ the new one would come up the next week.
7.My suggestion is ______ we should have a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside.
8.However, they never give up. This is ______ we should learn from them.
9.She said, “It took me by surprise ______ we can have a delivery service here.”
10.______ we need most are popular science books.
二、阅读理解
If someone asked whether you like the arts, you’d probably say you do—at least in theory. According to a survey, more than two-thirds of U.S. adults say the arts “lift me up beyond everyday experiences.” However, only 30 percent attended a concert of any type in 2017; 23 percent went to an art museum. Fewer than half actively created art of any kind.
The mismatch can boil down to the fact that we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities, leaving our schedule packed. Maybe you like to play a little background music while you work or do the chores, but even before the pandemic, most of us rarely, if ever, saw a live performance, let alone visited a gallery or watched a play.
Too often, we let the dull reality of life get in the way of the arts. But this is a mistake. The arts are the opposite of an escape from reality; they might just be the most realistic glimpse we ever get into the nature and meaning of life. If you make time for consuming and producing art — the same way you make time for work and exercise and family commitments — I assure you that you’ll find your life getting fuller and happier. Think of a time when you heard a piece of music and wanted to cry. Or maybe your dizziness as you emerged from a narrow side street in an unfamiliar city and found yourself in a beautiful town square as if in a fantasy. They probably stimulated a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air.
If you are among the people who feel that art is pure pleasure to experience and participate in, you might see it as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is to treat art less like a distracting pleasure, and more like exercise or sleep, a necessity. Then draw up a schedule of your art exposure journey, and gradually weave art into your everyday life.
1. What prevents people from enjoying the arts
A. Shortage of time.
B. Avoidance of duty.
C. Lack of interest.
D. Art space inaccessibility.
2. What can we learn about the role of art according to the passage
A. It explores mysteries of life.
B. It sparks emotional responses.
C. It enhances physical well-being.
D. It offers a getaway from daily life.
3. What will be talked about next in the passage
A. Ways to integrate art into routine.
B. Barriers to combine art and life.
C. Forms of distracting pleasures.
D. Benefits of engaging with art.
4. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. Art Journey: Refreshing Soul
B. Art Pursuit: Transforming Dull into Full
C. Embracing Art: From Luxury to Necessity
D. Connecting with Art: From Reality to Fantasy
三、七选五
Green-eyed monster
It is all too human to feel envious of others’ success, but what can we do when those feelings threaten to overcome us
The obvious solution would be to avoid comparing ourselves to the people around us.①_______ Humans are social creatures, and our standing within a group would have serious consequences for our welfare. As a result, we unavoidably use others as a measure of our success. This can kill satisfaction we’ve gained from our achievements.
②_______ The relative ranking of people’s earnings, compared with friends or coworkers, matters more for life satisfaction than how much they earn. This is the same case in other aspects like education or intelligence. It is how we match up to others that shapes how good we feel about ourselves.
Envy may be worsened by a “focusing illusion (幻想)”. ③_______ We imagine that our successful friend is living in a constant state of joy, and forget that they have to face everyday difficulties like an argument with their partner or the death of a pet.
In one study, participants were asked to imagine a peer with a desirable life. Simply reminding them of the “small annoyances” this person regularly faced significantly reduced their envy. ④_______ Realizing this should make us think twice about wishing ourselves in another’s shoes.
When we are feeling bitter, we might also interpret others’ achievements as evidence that our own goals are achievable. Try remembering all the things within your control, and make a step-by-step plan of how you might achieve that. ⑤________
We may never escape social comparison. When life gives us sour grapes, however, we can choose to make wine from those momentarily bitter fruits.
A. But that is easier said than done.
B. It refers to a habit of focusing on our failures.
C. So we can’t help envying friends’ promotion.
D. We can see this in how people think of their income.
E. It describes fixing on a single aspect of someone’s life.
F. We can never know what emotional problems someone may have.
G. In this sense, feeling envious will motivate you to take positive actions.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：whether
解析：考查连词。句意：记者在报纸上回应了村民们的质疑，即旅游胜地是否真的会给当地经济带来好处。根据句意可知，旅游胜地是否真的会给当地经济带来好处，该空应填连词“是否whether”引导同位语从，对前文抽象名词doubt进行解释说明。故填whether。
2.答案： that
解析：句意为:消息传来,他们的努力得到了回报,他们获得了一等奖。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导同位语从句,解释抽象名词Word 的具体内容;从句不缺成分,且语义完整, 故填that。
3.答案：what
解析：这里是一个宾语从句，从句中“like”是介词，缺少宾语，所以要用连接代词 what 来引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示 “高中生活是什么样的”。故填what。
4.答案：how
解析：句意为:媒体的审美标准会对你如何看待自己的外表产生很大影响。设空处引导宾语从句,作on的宾语,引导词在从句中作方式状语,表示“如何;怎样”,应用how引导该从句。故填how。
5.答案：that
解析：句意为:我坚信一切终究都会好起来。be confident that...表示“确信……”, that引导宾语从句。故填that。
6.答案：that
解析：考查that引导宾语从句时不能省略的一种情况。that the present plan would be discussed the next day和_____ the new one would come up the next week为and连接的两个并列的宾语从句,作added的宾语,第二个宾语从句中不缺少成分,且意义完整。当动词后带有多个that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that 可以省略,而其他的that一般不能省略。故填that。
7.答案：that
解析：考查表语从句。此处引导表语从句, 且从句成分和句意完整, 应填that。that引导表语从句时一般不可省略。 故填that。
8.答案：what
解析：句意:然而,他们从不放弃。这就是我们应该向他们学习的。设空处引导表语从句,且在从句中作learn的宾语,故填what。
9.答案：that
解析：句意为: 她说: “真是出乎我的意料,我们这里居然有送货服务。”分析句子结构可知, It 为形式主语, 设空处引导的主语从句为真正主语, 此处在从句中无实际意义且不充当成分, 应用 that。故填 that。
10.答案：What
解析：考查主语从句。句意:我们最需要的是科普书籍。"______ we need most"是主语从句,从句中缺少宾语,根据语境可知设空处指物,应用 What引导。故填What。
二、
1.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“The mismatch can boil down to the fact that we are weighed down by our day-to-day responsibilities, leaving our schedule packed.(这种不匹配可以归结为这样一个事实：我们被日常的责任压得喘不过气来，把我们的日程安排得满满的。)”可知，阻止人们享受艺术的是安排满满的日程，即，缺少享受艺术的时间。故选A。
2.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“They probably stimulated a sudden awakening, much like the shock from a lungful of pure oxygen after breathing in smoggy air.(它们可能刺激了一种突然的觉醒，很像吸入烟雾弥漫的空气后，一大口纯氧引起的震惊。)”可知，艺术可能会刺激一种突然的觉醒，给人带来震惊。由此可推知，艺术会给人带来情绪方面的刺激。故选B。
3.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章末尾段末尾句内容“Then draw up a schedule of your art exposure journey, and gradually weave art into your everyday life.(然后制定一个你的艺术接触之旅的时间表，并逐渐将艺术融入你的日常生活。)”提到了制定一个时间表，将艺术融入日常生活，由此可推知，后文应以这一话题继续讲述如何设计这样的时间表，如何将艺术融入日常生活规划中。故选A。
4.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章最后一段内容“If you are among the people who feel that art is pure pleasure to experience and participate in, you might see it as a luxury item, while a preferable attitude is to treat art less like a distracting pleasure, and more like exercise or sleep, a necessity.(如果你认为艺术是一种纯粹的体验和参与的乐趣，你可能会将其视为奢侈品，而更可取的态度是将艺术视为一种分散注意力的乐趣，而更像是一种锻炼或睡眠，一种必需品。)”点明了作者想要表达的核心，即，摒弃掉“对艺术理论式的喜爱”，将艺术真正地融入生活，使其成为生活必需品，而非奢侈品。因此，选项C“Embracing Art: From Luxury to Necessity(拥抱艺术：从奢侈品到必需品)”贴合主旨，可作最佳标题。故选C。
三、
答案：ADEFG
解析：①前文“The obvious solution would be to avoid comparing ourselves to the people around us.”（显而易见的解决办法是避免将自己与周围的人进行比较），后文“Humans are social creatures, and our standing within a group would have serious consequences for our welfare. As a result, we unavoidably use others as a measure of our success.”（人类是社会性动物，我们在群体中的地位会对我们的幸福产生严重影响。因此，我们不可避免地会以他人为衡量自己成功的标准）。A选项“But that is easier said than done.”（但说起来容易做起来难），“But”表示转折，“that is easier said than done”承接前文提到的避免比较的解决办法，引出后文说明难以做到的原因，起到了承上启下的作用，故选A。
②后文“The relative ranking of people’s earnings, compared with friends or coworkers, matters more for life satisfaction than how much they earn. This is the same case in other aspects like education or intelligence.”（与朋友或同事相比，人们收入的相对排名对生活满意度的影响，比他们实际挣了多少钱更重要。在教育或智力等其他方面也是如此），整段围绕人们对收入等方面的看法展开。D选项“We can see this in how people think of their income.”（我们可以从人们对自己收入的看法中看到这一点），“We can see this”引出后文对人们收入看法的具体阐述，“in how people think of their income”能准确概括该段关于收入的话题，故选D。
③前文“Envy may be worsened by a ‘focusing illusion (幻想)’.”（嫉妒可能会因“聚焦错觉”而加剧），后文“We imagine that our successful friend is living in a constant state of joy, and forget that they have to face everyday difficulties like an argument with their partner or the death of a pet.”（我们想象我们成功的朋友一直生活在快乐之中，却忘记了他们也必须面对日常的困难，比如和伴侣争吵或宠物的死亡）。E选项“It describes fixing on a single aspect of someone’s life.”（它描述的是专注于某人生活的一个方面），“It”指代前文的“focusing illusion”，“describes fixing on a single aspect of someone’s life”承接前文对“聚焦错觉”的描述，引出后文人们只关注朋友成功快乐的一面而忽略其困难的例子，故选E。
④前文“In one study, participants were asked to imagine a peer with a desirable life. Simply reminding them of the ‘small annoyances’ this person regularly faced significantly reduced their envy.”（在一项研究中，参与者被要求想象一个拥有理想生活的同龄人。仅仅提醒他们这个人经常面临的“小烦恼”，就显著减少了他们的嫉妒），后文“Realizing this should make us think twice about wishing ourselves in another’s shoes.”（意识到这一点应该会让我们在希望自己能过上别人的生活时三思而后行）。F选项“We can never know what emotional problems someone may have.”（我们永远不知道别人可能有什么情感问题），“We can never know what emotional problems someone may have”承接前文提醒参与者他人有小烦恼能减少嫉妒的内容，“never know what emotional problems someone may have”进一步说明我们不了解他人的情感问题，引出后文对希望过别人生活的反思，故选F。
⑤前文“When we are feeling bitter, we might also interpret others’ achievements as evidence that our own goals are achievable. Try remembering all the things within your control, and make a step-by-step plan of how you might achieve that.”（当我们感到痛苦时，我们也可以把别人的成就看作是我们自己的目标可以实现的证据。试着记住所有在你控制范围内的事情，并制定一个如何实现目标的分步计划）。G选项“In this sense, feeling envious will motivate you to take positive actions.”（从这个意义上说，感到嫉妒会激励你采取积极的行动），“In this sense”承接前文把别人成就当作目标可实现的证据以及制定计划的内容，“feeling envious will motivate you to take positive actions”总结了嫉妒在这种情况下能起到的积极作用，故选G。

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