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（1）Unit 1 Science Fiction—高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册期末易错题集训
一、易错点分析
被动语态
(一) 被动语态的构成
英语有种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，其构成为：助动词be+动词过去分词。在被动语态中，动作的执行者一般由by引出，但在多数情况下被省略。通常只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。
1. 被动语态的时态形式表（以动词do为例）：
形式 构成
现在时 一般式 am/is/are + done
进行式 am/is/are + being done
完成式 has/have + been done
过去时 一般式 was/ were + done
进行式 was/were + being done
完成式 had been + done
过去将来时 should/would be done
一般将来时 will/ shall be done
2. 被动语态的特殊情况
（1）含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词＋be+及物动词的过去分词。
例：All the letters should be answered immediately.
所有信件均应立刻回复。
（2）不定式的被动语态
① 一般式（to be done）:表示不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生或与其（几乎）同时发生
② 完成式（to have been done）:表示不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
例：The book is said to be published soon.
据说这本书很快就会出版。
The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
据说这本书已被译成很多种语言。
(二) 主动形式表示被动意义的情况
1. 连系动词（如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain等）后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
例：Your advice sounds practical.
你的建议听起来是可行的。
Whether we can have a holiday remains unknown.
我们还不知道能否休假。
The material feels very soft.
这种材料摸起来很软。
The food tastes delicious.
这种食物尝起来味道很好。
2. 当open，close，shut，lock，move，read，wash，clean，cook，sell，cut，wear，carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
例：The door doesn't shut. 这门关不上。
The book sells well. 这书卖得不错。
3. want，need，require等少数表示需要的动词后跟v-ing时，常用主动形式表示被动意义。其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例：The house needs cleaning. =The house needs to be cleaned.
这所房子需要打扫。
This wall requires repairing. = This wall requires to be repaired.
这面墙需要修理。
(三) 使用被动语态时要注意的问题
1. 常见的不能用于被动语态的（短语）动词有 appear，belong，disappear，happen，break out，come true，take place，run out，date back等。
例：We cannot say for sure what will happen.
我们无法确切地说会发生什么事。
2. 在主动语态里，跟在动词see，make，hear，watch，notice 等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态时，to必须补上。
例：他们让他独自去那里。
They made him go there alone. （主动语态）
He was made to go there alone by them. （被动语态）
3. 接双宾语的动词变被动语态。有些动词在主动语态中常接双宾语，即间接宾语（一般指人）和直接宾语（一般指物）。在变为被动语态时，如果间接宾语被提前作主语，那么直接宾语保持不变；如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语前一般要加上相应的介词to或for.
例：We gave him the letter.
=He was given the letter by us.
=The letter was given to him by us.
我们把那封信给他了。
She bought her mother a new coat.
=Her mother was bought a new coat by her.
= A new coat was bought for her mother by her.
她给她妈妈买了一件新大衣。
4. 将含有动词＋介词/副词类短语动词（如 look after，put on）的主动句变为被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词应保留。
例：她经常照看老人。
She often looks after the old. （主动语态）
The old are often looked after by her.（被动语态）
二、语法填空
1. Ryan had raised some money, with which a well ______ (build) near a primary school. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2. With the intention of achieving his academic goals, he______________(commit) to his study ever since. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3. We ______ (request) to wear the uniform in formal situations. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4. With the appearance of computers, complicated issues_________ (simple) so far. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5. By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners_____ (seat). （所给词的适当形式填空）
6. Some of the exercise machines ________________ (test) by a group of energetic young people now.
7. He told me that the injured man_____ (send) to the hospital half an hour before. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8. I had to go to work by taxi yesterday, because my car_____ (repair).
9. All his lifetime he produced a large number of works of calligraphy, but up to now ,the majority of his original works_____ (destroy) or lost.
10. Your application______ (access) by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months.
三、阅读理解
Through intercultural communication, we come to create, understand, and transform culture and identity. Intercultural communication is communication between people with different cultural identities.
One reason we should study intercultural communication is to enhance self-awareness. Our thinking process regarding culture is often “others-focused”, meaning that the culture of the other person or group is what stands out in our view. However, the old saying “know thyself” is appropriate, as we become more aware of our own culture by better understanding other cultures and views.
Intercultural communication can allow us to step outside of our comfortable, usual frame of reference and see our culture through a different aspect. Additionally, as we become more self-aware, we may become more ethical communicators as we challenge our tendency to view our culture as superior to others.
As was noted earlier, differences matter, and studying intercultural communication can help us better negotiate in our changing world. Changing economies and technologies intersect with culture in meaningful ways. Technology has created a global village where vast distances are much shorter due to new technology that makes travel and communication more accessible and convenient. However, as the following “Getting Plugged In” box indicates, there is also a digital divide, which refers to the unequal access to technology and related skills that exist throughout much of the world. People in most fields will be more successful if they are prepared to work in a globalized world.
Obviously, the global market sets up the need for intercultural competence for employees who travel between locations of a multinational corporation. Perhaps less obvious may be the need for teachers to work with students who do not speak English as their first language and for police officers, lawyers, managers, and medical personnel to be able to work with people who have various cultural identities.
1.Why does the author mention the old saying “know thyself” in paragraph 2
A. To stress the right attitude towards cultures.
B. To state the advantages of our culture over others.
C. To explain we have a great sense of self-awareness.
D. To show the other group’s culture stands out in our eyes.
2.Intercultural communication makes us view our culture ________.
A. with more confidence B. in more diverse ways
C. as much superior to other cultures D. from different times and occasions
3.What does the author imply about intercultural communication in the last paragraph
A. It is a must for all people. B. It is essential for lawyers.
C. People need it differently. D. Employers regard it as a basic skill.
4.What attitude does the author have towards intercultural communication
A. Doubtful B. Supportive C. Indifferent D. Ambiguous
四、七选五
How to Develop Curiosity
Curiosity is the engine that drives learning and innovation. ① _________ Recent studies show curious students achieve 20% higher academic performance on average. Developing curiosity not only enhances knowledge acquisition but also improves problem-solving skills. So how can we effectively cultivate this valuable quality
② _________ Begin by stepping beyond familiar boundaries. If you always take the same route to school, try alternative paths. When reading textbooks, challenge yourself to find three questions per chapter. This intentional disruption of habits trains your brain to notice details and ask “why”.
Another key approach is to embrace diverse experiences. ③ _________ Visit museums you’ve never entered, try cooking foreign dishes, or learn basic phrases in a new language. Each novel experience creates neural connections that make your mind more adaptable. A student who joined an astronomy club discovered an unexpected interest in physics through stargazing.
Equally important is linking different subjects. When studying history, relate events to geographical changes; when solving math problems, consider their real-world applications. ④ _________ A biology enthusiast improved her chemistry grades by comparing cell structures to chemical reactions.
Finally, maintain a growth mindset. Curious people view failures as learning opportunities rather than setbacks. ⑤ _________ Remember, every expert was once a beginner. With consistent practice, you’ll gradually develop the curious mindset that turns ordinary observations into extraordinary discoveries.
A. This cross-subject approach often brings fresh perspectives.
B. Start with small challenges to expand your comfort zone.
C. For instance, keep a “question journal” to record daily inquiries.
D. However, curiosity requires deliberate cultivation.
E. Scientists confirm curious brains process information 30% faster.
F. Instead of fearing mistakes, analyze what went wrong.
G. Schedule weekly experiments like planting seeds to observe growth.
答案以及解析
二、语法填空
1.答案：was built
解析：这里考查被动语态。句子的主语 a well 和动词 build 之间是被动关系，即 “井被建造”，且根据前面的 had raised 可知，这里是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为 was/were + 过去分词，主语 a well 是单数，所以填 was built。
2.答案：has been committed
解析：根据时间状语 “ever since”（自从那时起）可知，句子要用现在完成时。“he” 与 “commit” 之间是被动关系，即 “他致力于学习” 是 “他被使致力于学习” 的意思，所以要用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为 “have/has been + 过去分词”，主语是 “he”，所以填 has been committed。
3.答案：are requested
解析：考查时态和语态。句意:我们被要求在正式场合穿制服。空处是句子的谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语we与request“要求”之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是We，be动词用are。故填are requested。
4.答案：have been simplified
解析：“so far” 常与现在完成时连用，“issues” 与 “simplify” 之间是被动关系，即问题被简化，所以用现在完成时的被动语态 “have been simplified”。
5.答案：had been seated
解析：考查谓语动词时态。句意:演讲者进入大厅时,所有的听众都已就座。该空为句子的谓语部分,所给词seat为名词兼动词,作动词为及物动词,seat somebody/oneself意为“请某人就座”,在本句中后面没有宾语,表示已就座,应使用被动语态be seated表示状态,根据时间状语By the time the speaker entered the hall可知,by the time的从句为一般过去时,主句应使用过去完成时。故填had been seated。
6.答案：are being tested
解析：由now可知，句子用现在进行时，主语Some of the exercise machines（一些健身器材）与test（测试）之间是被动关系，即器材被测试，所以用现在进行时的被动语态are being tested。
7.答案：had been sent
解析：考查时态和语态。句意:他告诉我受伤的人半小时前就被送往医院了。空处是that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词,根据句意和主句谓语动词told可知,send发生在1old之前,表示过去的过去,应用过去完成时态,从句主语the injured man和send之间是被动关系,故用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been sent。
8.答案：was being repaired
解析：句意为:我昨天不得不打车去上班,因为我的车正在修理中。此处表示昨天正在进行的动作,从句的主语my car 为单数,从句谓语也应用单数形式,且 repair与my car之间为被动关系,应用过去进行时的被动语态。故填was being repaired。
9.答案：have been destroyed
解析：句意为:他一生创作了大量的书法作品,但迄今为止,他的大部分原创作品已被损毁或遗失。but后为第二个并列分句,设空处为该分句的谓语;根据时间状语 up to now 可知,应用现在完成时;destroy与分句主语the majority of his original works之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;“the majority of +可数名词复数”作主语,意为“大多数……”,谓语动词用复数形式。故填 have been destroyed。
10.答案：will be accessed
解析：考查时态和语态。句意:你的申请将由联合国教科文组织管理人员访问,并将在我们的数据库中保存6个月。由后面的 and will stay可知要用一般将来时。结合语境可知,主语Your application与access之间为被动关系,需用被动语态。故填 will be accessed。
三、阅读理解
1.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“One reason we should study intercultural communication is to enhance self-awareness. Our thinking process regarding culture is often ‘others-focused’, meaning that the culture of the other person or group is what stands out in our view. However, the old saying ‘know thyself’ is appropriate, as we become more aware of our own culture by better understanding other cultures and views. (我们研究跨文化交流的一个原因是提高自我意识。我们对文化的思考过程往往是“以他人为中心”的，这意味着其他人或群体的文化在我们看来是突出的。然而，正如古语“认识你自己”所言，通过更好地理解其他文化和观点，我们对自己的文化有了更多的了解)”可知，作者在第2段中提到古语“认识你自己”是为了强调要正确对待文化，先了解他人文化，才能更好认识自己的文化。故选A。
2.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Intercultural communication can allow us to step outside of our comfortable, usual frame of reference and see our culture through a different aspect. (跨文化交流可以让我们走出舒适、平常的参照系，从不同的角度看待我们的文化)”可知，跨文化交流让我们以更多样化的方式看待我们的文化。故选B。
3.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Obviously, the global market sets up the need for intercultural competence for employees who travel between locations of a multinational corporation. Perhaps less obvious may be the need for teachers to work with students who do not speak English as their first language and for police officers, lawyers, managers, and medical personnel to be able to work with people who have various cultural identities. (显然，对于跨国公司不同地区之间的员工来说，全球市场对跨文化能力提出了要求。也许不那么明显的是，教师需要与不以英语为母语的学生合作，警察、律师、经理和医务人员需要能够与具有不同文化身份的人合作)”可知，作者在最后一段暗示不同的人对跨文化交流的需求不同。故选C。
4.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Through intercultural communication, we come to create, understand, and transform culture and identity. (通过跨文化交流，我们开始创造、理解和转变文化和身份)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了跨文化交流的重要性、目的、作用以及在当今全球化背景下的必要性。由此可知，作者对跨文化交流持支持态度。故选B。
四、七选五
答案：①-⑤EBGAF
解析：①根据上文“Curiosity is the engine that drives learning and innovation.(好奇心是驱动学习与创新的引擎)”可知，此处需要一个同样能体现好奇心积极作用的内容。选项E“科学家证实，充满好奇心的大脑处理信息的速度要快 30%”，通过具体数据进一步说明了好奇心对大脑处理信息的积极影响，与前文内容相呼应，故选E。
②根据下文“Begin by stepping beyond familiar boundaries. If you always take the same route to school, try alternative paths. When reading textbooks, challenge yourself to find three questions per chapter.(从走出熟悉的界限开始。如果你总是走同一条路去学校，试试其他的路线。当阅读教科书时，挑战自己每章找出三个问题)”可知，该段重点在讲述从一些小的行为改变来突破舒适区，培养好奇心。选项 B“从一些小挑战开始来扩大你的舒适区”，准确地概括了该段通过小挑战突破舒适区的核心内容，故选B。
③根据上文“Another key approach is to embrace diverse experiences.(另一个关键方法是接受多样化的体验)”可知，设空处需要一个能体现多样化体验的具体例子。选项 G“每周安排一些像种植种子来观察生长这样的实验” 属于多样化体验的具体方式，符合该段主题，故选G。
④根据上文“Equally important is linking different subjects. When studying history, relate events to geographical changes; when solving math problems, consider their real-world applications.(同样重要的是将不同学科联系起来。学习历史时，把事件和地理变化联系起来；解决数学问题时，考虑它们在现实世界中的应用)”强调了跨学科联系的重要性及具体做法。选项 A“这种跨学科的方法常常会带来新的视角”，总结了跨学科联系能够带来新视角这一好处，与该段内容相符，故选A。
⑤根据上文“Finally, maintain a growth mindset. Curious people view failures as learning opportunities rather than setbacks. (最后，保持成长型思维。有好奇心的人把失败看作是学习的机会，而不是挫折) ”可知，设空处应进一步阐述如何以成长型思维面对失败。选项 F“不要害怕错误，分析哪里出了问题”，体现了不害怕失败，而是分析问题的成长型思维，与该段内容一致，故选F。

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