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（4）Unit 4 Adversity and Courage—高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册期末易错题集训
一、易错点分析
现在完成进行时
1. 构成：have/has+been+v-ing
2. 用法：
(1)表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，将来还可能延续下去，强调动作的延续性。
例：I have been waiting for an hour, but she hasn't come yet.
我都等了一个小时了，但是她还没来。
Tom has been working hard since the new term began.
自新学期开始，汤姆一直在努力学习。
(2)表示从过去某时开始到现在这一段时间内动作一再重复发生。
例：She has been phoning Jim every night for the past two weeks.
两星期以来，她每天晚上都给吉姆打电话。
You have been telling me not to be late all the way.
一路上你一直在告诉我不要迟到。
(3)表示动作刚刚结束，该动作一般不再继续，有时会指出结果。
例：I have been playing ping-pong all morning, so I'm sweating.
整个上午我一直在打乒乓球，所以我浑身是汗。
I've been painting the door, so my hands are very dirty.
我一直在给门刷油漆，所以我的手很脏。
(4)表示某种感彩。
例：You have been daydreaming but never make an effort.
你一直在做白日梦，但从不努力。(指责)
You have been lying to me. 你一直在对我说谎。(气愤)
3. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
(1)现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作或某个过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果；现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性。
试比较：
I have thought it over. 我已经考虑过这件事了。
I have been thinking it over. 我一直在考虑这件事。
(2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的反复性；现在完成时一般不表示反复性。
试比较：
Have you been meeting him recently 你最近经常见他吗？
Have you met him recently 你最近见过他吗？
(3)现在完成进行时有时含有感彩；现在完成时一般表示平铺直叙。
试比较：
亨利工作有条不紊。
Henry has been doing his work orderly. (含表扬的意味)
Henry has done his work orderly. (描述事实)
二、语法填空
1.Tom looks tired because he______ (clean) the house since 9 am.
2.The washing machine______ (run) all morning. What on earth are you washing
3.—Hi, George, you look exhausted.
—Yes, I am exhausted. I ______ (paint) the cafeteria all day.
4.It ______ (rain) heavily for several days. I wonder when it will stop.
5.Lucy _____ (consider) going back to school, but she hasn't decided yet.
6.—Do you find the missing couple in the mountain
—No, but we _____ (try) to get in touch with them ever since.
7.A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson _____ (offer) free rides to college students for the past eight years.
8.The woman _____ (make) shoes since she was 19 years old and this year marks her 31st year in making cloth shoes.
9.I _____(read) the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.
10.We _____(discuss) the problem for quite a long time, but we haven't reached any conclusions yet.
三、阅读理解
“WHAT KIND OF BIRD is this ” the text from my wildlife protector friend had asked. I had to look closely at the photo. It was an owl (猫头鹰), found dragged and dropped on someone’s backyard. I figured that she was about two weeks from being old enough to fly.
Cleaned and warmed, the tiny owl survived. Together we planned a “soft release”. “The idea was that as she gained the ability to fly, we would let the young owl wander off rather naturally, on her own schedule, into the very suitable woodland behind our home.”
Her care came to us for what we thought would be a few weeks at most. We called her Alfie. But the recovery took longer than expected. When she should have been able to fly, Alfie could only walk on the ground. Winter was in the air, making easy food much less available, and she had never learned to hunt. I would not risk letting her loose and having her starve. When summer was again at its fullest, I left the door open. Alfie disappeared one day. A week later, my wife texted me: “Guess who’s back. After that, Alfie centered her territory around our backyard, and before long, we started seeing another owl.
Alfie became the owl she was born to be when she left our protection for the risks and rewards of free agency. She and her mate raised three baby birds that first year, building new links in the great chain that has gone unbroken for millions of owl generations.
Alfie lives in relationship, and our surprising capacity to relate to one another expanded my perspective on her life and mine. Birds and humans have not had a common ancestor for more than 300 million years, yet Alfie always enjoyed a little head scratch that we enjoyed giving. Our nervous systems still relate, allowing us to share such pleasures. People for thousands of years lived in relationship with nature and with their communities. If there is one lesson from Alfie, it is that to live in relationship is how we might heal.
1.According to the article which is TRUE when Alfie the owl was initially found
A. It was found from a photo in a magazine.
B. It was found by the author’s fellow staff.
C. It was found in the author’s backyard.
D. It was tiny and in poor condition.
2.What is their attitude toward the release of Alfie
A. Alfie should be released softly in summer.
B. They want to release Alfie when she is ready
C. They want to adopt Alfie when she is old enough.
D. They want Alfie to wander when food is sufficient.
3.Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 3 and 4
A. Alfie contributed to the ongoing chain of owl generations.
B. Alfie was struggling in winter during the recovery.
C. Alfie was rewarded by a free agency after it disappeared.
D. Alfie went back to establish her territory to thank the author.
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing this article
A. To teach readers how to find and help injured animals.
B. To remind readers to protect and value the beauty of nature.
C. To remind readers to rethink our relationship with wildlife and the environment.
D. To encourage readers to strengthen their bond with birds.
四、七选五
Just Go for a University
For any student, going to a university is one of the most important stages of their lives. It is a time when a young person will move out of their home to be independent. ① _________ Are you ready for such an exploration The following information may be helpful.
Why should you go to university
Learning is a life-long process. University is the right place where you can learn both academically and socially. At university, you will be taught by leading lecturers in their fields of study. ② _________ Meanwhile, you will meet people with different backgrounds at university. This offers you the chance to learn to look after yourself, to develop your own values and to accept those who may be different.
③ _________
Once you have decided that you do want to go to university, how can you choose a dream one ④ _________ Your interest, the major and the course to be taken are all the concerns. Many universities have open days or send tutors out to talk to the students on what they offer. This also gives you a chance to ask questions. Finding out what their predicted exam grades will also help students determine which university may be the most suitable.
What can you learn at university
In many universities, each student begins with a general knowledge base in the first year. Students can have more time to explore their interests before committing to a specific subject. Apart from the academic achievements, various societies, where freshmen can meet like-minded friends, offer you chances to develop the extra-curricular interests in many fields. ⑤ _________
A. How can you choose a university
B. You have to first think of various aspects.
C. What should you prepare before going to university
D. You can thus equip yourself with enough academic knowledge.
E. Besides, it is a great honor to be admitted into such a university.
F. In one sense, the university can be a completely new world to explore.
G. University provides the all-important stepping-stone for your future life.
答案以及解析
二、语法填空
1.答案：has been cleaning
解析：句意为: 汤姆看起来很累,因为从上午 9 点开始他一直在打扫房屋。设空处为从句谓语, 表示动作从上午 9 点开始持续到现在, 并可能要继续持续下去, 应用现在完成进行时; 从句主语为第三人称单数, 谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。故填 has been cleaning。
2.答案：has been running
解析：句意为: 洗衣机已经运转一上午了。你到底在洗什么 根据时间状语 all morning 可知, 此处表示动作一直在持续, 后句用的是现在进行时, 说明在说话的时候, “洗衣机运行”这个动作还在进行, 且这个动作可能仍会继续进行, 所以应用现在完成进行时。故填 has been running。
3.答案： have been painting
解析：考查现在完成进行时。句意：——嗨，George，你看起来很疲惫。——是的，我累坏了。我一整天在自助餐厅刷漆。结合句意及“all day”可知，此处应用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，并还有可能持续下去，主语是I，故填have been painting。
4.答案：has been raining
解析：句意为:大雨已经下了好几天。不知道什么时候会停。根据时间状语 for several days及语境可知,此处表示雨从过去开始下一直持续到现在且还在继续,应用现在完成进行时。
5.答案：has been considering
解析：句意:露西一直在考虑重返学校,但她还没有决定。根据句意可知,此处应用现在完成进行时。主语为Lucy,故填 has been considering。
6.答案：have been trying
解析：句意:—你们在山上找到那对失踪的夫妇了吗 一没有,但是从那以来(从他们失踪以来),我们一直试图与他们取得联系。根据句中的ever since和句意可知,我们一直试图与他们取得联系,并且很可能继续下去。所以用现在完成进行时。主语为we,故填have been trying。
7.答案：has been offering
解析：句意:76岁的威尔逊是一个退休的工程师,他在过去八年里一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务。根据句中的for the past eight years和句意可知,威尔逊在过去的八年里一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务,并且很可能继续下去,所以用现在完成进行时。主语为第三人称单数,故填has been offering。
8.答案：has been making
解析：句意:这位女士从19岁起就一直在做鞋,今年是她做布鞋的第31个年头。根据句中的since she was 19 years old和句意可知,这位女士一直在做鞋,并且有可能继续做下去,所以用现在完成进行时。主语为The woman,故填 has been making。
9.答案：have been reading
解析：句意:我一直在读这本英文小说,并且我尽力在这周末把它读完。结合句意可知,此处应用现在完成进行时。主语为I,故填have been reading。
10.答案：have been discussing
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据“for quite a long time”和“but we haven't reached any conclusions yet”可知,问题还没讨论完,所以用现在完成进行时。主语为We,故填have been discussing。句意:这个问题我们已经讨论了很长时间,但还没有得出任何结论。
三、阅读理解
1.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段It was an owl (猫头鹰), found dragged and dropped on someone’s backyard.(这是一只猫头鹰，被人拖着丢在了别人的后院)"以及第二段" Cleaned and warmed, the tiny owl survived.(经过清洗和取暖，这只小猫头鹰活了下来)可知，被拯救的小猫头鹰很小，而且状况很差。故选D。
2.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段Winter was in the air, making easy food much less available, and she had never learned to hunt. I would not risk letting her loose and having her starve.(冬天来临了，容易得到的食物越来越少，而她从来没有学会打猎。我不会冒险放了她，让她饿死。)可知，作者想等Alfie准备好了再放她。故选B。
3.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段She and her mate raised three baby birds that first year, building new links in the great chain that has gone unbroken for millions of owl generations.(第一年，她和她的伴侣养育了三只幼鸟，在这个已经延续了数百万代的巨大链条上建立了新的纽带)可知，Alfie促成了猫头鹰世代的延续。故选A。
4.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Alfie lives in relationship, and our surprising capacity to relate to one another expanded my perspective on her life and mine.(Alfie生活在一种亲密关系中，我们令人惊讶的相互关联能力扩展了我对她的生活和我的生活的视野。)以及最后一段中People for thousands of years lived in relationship with nature and with their communities. If there is one lesson from Alfie, it is that to live in relationship is how we might heal.(几千年来，人们一直生活在与自然和社区的关系中。如果我们能从Alfie身上学到什么，那就是生活在一段关系中，我们才能痊愈。)可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是提醒读者重新思考我们与野生动物和环境的关系。故选C。
四、七选五
答案：①-⑤FDABG
解析：①根据上文It is a time when a young person will move out of their home to be independent.可知，上大学是年轻人离开家独立的时刻，再根据下文Are you ready for such an exploration 可知，F项：In one sense, the university can be a completely new world to explore.(从某种意义上说，大学对于他们来说是未来要探索的全新世界。)连接上下文，关键词是explore。故选F项。
②根据上文At university, you will be taught by leading lecturers in their fields of study.可知，在大学里，你将由专业领域的顶尖讲师授课。D项：You can thus equip yourself with enough academic knowledge.(因此，你可以用足够多的学术知识来武装自己。)符合语境，故选D项。
③根据下文Once you have decided that you do want to go to university, how can you choose a dream one 可知，一旦你决定了你要上大学，那么如何选择一个梦想中的大学呢 A项：How can you choose a university (你如何选择一所大学 )概括本段内容，故选A项。
④根据下文Your interest, the major and the course to be taken are all the concerns.可知，你的兴趣、专业和即将选择的课程都应考虑。B项：You have to first think of various aspects.(你首先得考虑到各方面的因素。)符合语境，故选B项。
⑤根据上文Apart from the academic achievements, various societies, where freshmen can meet like-minded friends, offer you chances to develop the extra-curricular interests in many fields.可知，大学不仅让学生获得学业上的成就，而且通过参加各种社团他们能找到志同道合的朋友，并培养各个领域的课外兴趣。G项：University provides the all-important stepping-stone for your future life.(大学为你未来的生活提供了所有重要的基石。)总结上文内容，故选G项。

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