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选择性必修第四册 UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS(二)
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Suppose you’re eager to watch the latest televised sport.Nothing looks more attractive to you than your couch.But you also could use that time to figure out how to complete the home craft project，which will take you at least an hour of watching instructional videos to complete it.You know that you’d feel proud of yourself if you got it done.However，the couch’s attraction becomes too hard to resist.
According to a research，your dilemma is an example of what’s called the “happiness paradox(悖论)．” Simply stated，this is the tendency for people to choose a leisure activity that requires very little effort even though they know that a true mood boost would come from sharpening and applying their skills.Prior research showed that when given a choice，people would rather engage in passive rather than active pursuits during their leisure time.However，it’s an ①unreasonable choice because what will really make you happier is being busy in an activity that allows you to expand and strengthen your skills.
Why would engaging in a more challenging activity increase happiness The answer lies in the concept of “flow”，that is，when you’re using your abilities at their peak，you experience an uprush of happiness that pushes you through a challenging task.You won’t feel that way if you just do the simple task.
Although the couch is inviting compared to a halfway-done project，we still have a way to approach it.You can break the activity down into what can be more ②manageable sections.Looking more realistically at your abilities，and then seeking guidance，you can now feel better about the whole enterprise.
The finding doesn’t mean that you have to abandon your couch all the time when you’ve got a choice about how to use your leisure time.Instead，you could put some variety into your choices.If you had a particularly tough week，either with managing your family or responsibilities at work，it’s fine to take a break.You don’t even need to feel guilty about that occasional use of “me-time.”
1．What is paragraph 1 about
A．Introducing a project. B．Defining a concept.
C．Stating a phenomenon. D．Providing an instruction.
2．What is happiness paradox
A．An active pursuit. B．A conflicting mindset.
C．A leisure activity. D．An effortless choice.
3．How can you entertain yourself when doing a challenging task
A．By breaking the task into small units.
B．By stepping out of your comfort zone.
C．By finishing undone project right now.
D．By reducing the variety of your choice.
4．What does the research show
A．The method of improving skills.
B．The management of responsibility.
C．The happiness from easy activities.
D．The wisdom of using your “me-time”．
语境猜词 ①unreasonable(派)＝un＋reason＋able ②manageable(派)＝manage＋able
B
(2025·山东济南模拟预测)
For some of us，going to the dentist for routine check-ups is a thing of the ordinary.But for many people around the world，especially those in impoverished(贫困的) areas，having dental improvement and their teeth checked simply isn’t possible.A Brazilian dentist Felipe Rossi has devoted himself to helping changing that situation.
Growing up in the USA，Felipe Rossi had just obtained the Bachelor of Medicine Degree and was about to start a master’s degree in Pediatric Dentistry(儿童口腔学) when a journey to his father’s home—Balsabo in Brazil—converted his initial plan.“All locals didn’t have access to dental care，and consequently，many of them suffered ①deformed teeth or even loss of teeth，leading to many people not daring to laugh with mouth open，” Felipe Rossi recalled.“A desire was ②planted in my heart.That is，to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems.”
With the support of his parents，Felipe formed an NGO (non-government organization) called Porsorriso to give free oral treatments to individuals with low incomes who require cleaning，fillings，crowns，restoration work and more.His team is composed of approximately 30 registered volunteers who go with him to poor towns and villages in Brazil.
Sponsorship is generally provided by two private companies.Individuals may also make donations through the “Smile Solidarity” program，where they can choose monthly amounts to contribute.Porsorriso also holds regular ③fundraisers to afford the cost of providing free dental services around the country.
As noble as its objective is，Felipe admits that Porsorriso is “struggling to survive” because of the huge cost of providing dental work and the constant fundraising events they have to hold to keep the NGO in normal functioning.“Challenging as it is，it did bring healthy teeth as well as renewed confidence to the locals.We will continue this transformative act whatever difficulties we will face，” Felipe said with a strong will.
5．How does the author introduce the topic of the text
A．By posing a contrast. B．By reporting an event.
C．By assuming a situation. D．By making an appeal.
6．What motivated Felipe to offer dental treatments to Brazilians
A．The support from his parents.
B．The passion for dental health.
C．The encounter with locals’ lacking dental care.
D．The professional skills and knowledge from college.
7．Which of the following can best describe Felipe Rossi
A．Hopeful and diligent. B．Faithful and ambitious.
C．Intelligent and creative. D．Charitable and dedicated.
8．What do we know about Porsorriso
A．It gives free oral treatments to anyone in need.
B．It is cooperated by Felipe Rossi and the local authority.
C．It is financially supported by corporations and individuals.
D．It holds regular fundraisers to educate people about dental care.
语境猜词 ①deformed(派)＝deform＋ed ②plant(熟义：v.种植) 生义(文义)： ③fundraisers(合)＝fund＋raiser
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
(2025·山东烟台期末)
75 years after humans successfully put their first object into space，it’s much easier to launch a satellite，but a lot messier once we’re up there. 1 There are around 5,000 satellites in orbit with fewer than half actually working.When a satellite stops functioning，it keeps orbiting at very high speeds，making a great threat for the useful ones.
So space sustainability has become a big concern. 2 One suggested solution is to ①refuel the dead satellites and bring them back to life.Another concept is to use a robot with four arms to catch a dead satellite before pulling it into the atmosphere to burn it up.
3 Operating a robot from hundreds of miles away is tough.And the world hasn’t yet reached a consensus(共识) on why we should clear the space junk and there are no real rules that govern how we work out there.
First why should we keep things clean in orbit We use satellites to check the weather，find our way around，and for financial purposes.Space data gives us not just beautiful pictures of the earth，but also information about climate change，natural disasters and other things that can help humans with ②earthbound challenges. 4
Then how can we humans think as one big community Governments should make powerful panies ought to engage in shared practices and scientists are expected to think up practical methods. 5 Only in this way can we keep those orbital highways open for the next generation and beyond before they are deadly blocked by space junk.
A．They provide services closely related to our life.
B．This is hard both technically and politically，though.
C．Anyway，we should ③quicken the pace of clearing up.
D．Space is getting increasingly crowded and dangerous.
E．So we depend largely on space and it needs to be tidied up.
F．Scientists are struggling for strategies to tackle the problem.
G．All of these have been integrated into the solutions we really need.
语境猜词 ①refuel(派)＝re＋fuel ②earthbound(合)＝earth＋bound ③quicken(派)＝quick＋en
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
Last Christmas，I volunteered for WNWNB，a charity which takes surplus(剩余的) produce from New Covent Garden Market and 1 it to the local community.
The food was already in containers.So we set up the ①stand and got ready to distribute some Christmas 2 .At first，it was 3 .People seemed a bit suspicious of taking food for free.But they gradually 4 us and we had a fun afternoon singing and trying to 5 passers-by to take our food.
It was then time to deliver meals to those who weren’t able to come.This is 6 things changed for me.The first door I knocked on was 7 by a woman in her 30s.She had children and looked absolutely worn out.I told her I was from WNWNB and gave her the 8 meals.It was probably only about two days’ worth of food but，the way she 9 ，I felt as if I was handing her gold.
I had similar responses to my next 10 .In some cases，when people were elderly or alone，I’d go into their homes and have a brief 11 before heading off.Many felt 12 .I saw how happy they were to have another adult human to 13 .
As a local politician I knock on doors and talk to people a lot，but there was something deeper about those 14 on Christmas Day.I finished my day at WNWNB a slightly different person from the one who 15 .
1．A.distributes B．introduces
C．sells D．exhibits
2．A.forgiveness B．images
C．recipes D．cheer
3．A.easy B．nice
C．slow D．safe
4．A.broke away from B．put up with
C．cut in on D．warmed up to
5．A.threaten B．encourage
C．allow D．command
6．A.why B．how
C．where D．when
7．A.opened B．repaired
C．cleaned D．guarded
8．A.costly B．unfinished
C．②deserted D．ready
9．A.declined B．reacted
C．argued D．traded
10．A.purchases B．interviews
C．deliveries D．schedules
11．A.meal B．chat
C．report D．silence
12．A.proud B．free
C．lonely D．content
13．A.connect with B．look after
C．turn to D．rely on
14．A.conversations B．budgets
C．explanations D．deals
15．A.hesitated B．started
C．ignored D．struggled
语境猜词 ①stand(熟义：v.站立 ) 生义(文义)： ②deserted(派)＝desert＋ed
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
As is known to all，we 1. (human) are social by nature.The connections we build with others 2. (be) critical to social，emotional，and physical health.Knowing how to maintain interpersonal relationships can help you build a support system 3. provides strength as you cope with life’s challenges.
Interpersonal relationships need openness.4. (maintain) strong bonds with others，there needs to be a mutual give-and-take 5. it comes to sharing information with one another.It is through this mutual sharing that you get to know each other.This process,6. (know) as self-disclosure，strengthens bonds and deepens intimacy between people.Consider how you might feel if someone you care about doesn’t share important information with you about things that are happening in their life.You might be left 7.______________(feel) that they don’t trust you or that they don’t consider you as a close friend.
Being open doesn’t 8. (necessary) mean you should give others unlimited access to your thoughts，feelings，or time.Healthy boundaries are also 9. vital foundation of any strong relationship.It’s important that others respect your boundaries，but it is just as important for you to respect 10. (they)．Respecting these boundaries shows that you care about each other’s values，goals，emotions，and needs.
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①adj.不合理的　②adj.易管理的；易控制的
B．①adj.畸形的　②v.(使思想、信念等)植根于　③n.募集资金的活动
Ⅱ.①v.补充燃料　②adj.地球上的　③v.加快
Ⅲ.①n.摊位　②adj.被遗弃的
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章通过阐述“幸福悖论”这一概念，解释了人们在闲暇时间倾向于选择低努力活动而非能提升技能的活动这一现象，并说明了如何更有效地利用时间以获得更大幸福感，包括采用“心流”理论和合理安排个人时间。
1．C　[段落大意题。根据第一段“Suppose you’re eager to watch the latest televised sport...You know that you’d feel proud of yourself if you got it done.However，the couch’s attraction becomes too hard to resist.”可知，本段通过描述一个人在决定是看电视还是做手工艺项目时的心理斗争，说明了一个普遍现象，即人们在休闲时常常选择无须太多努力的活动，尽管他们知道通过提升和应用技能会带来更多的心情提升。故C选项“Stating a phenomenon.”符合题意。故选C。]
2．B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“...your dilemma is an example of what’s called the ‘happiness paradox(悖论)．’ Simply stated，this is the tendency for people to choose a leisure activity that requires very little effort even though they know that a true mood boost would come from sharpening and applying their skills.”可知，“幸福悖论”指的是人们倾向于选择轻松的休闲活动，即使他们明白真正能提升心情的是参与需要技能提升和应用的活动。这是一种矛盾的思维模式。故选B。]
3．A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Although the couch is inviting compared to a halfway-done project，we still have a way to approach it.You can break the activity down into what can be more manageable sections.”可知，面对有挑战性的任务时，可以将其分解为更易于管理的部分来应对。故选A。]
4．D　[推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后三段可知，研究显示了应如何智慧地利用个人时间，包括理解在有挑战性的活动中寻找“心流”状态，将任务进行分解以及在需要时合理安排休息并不感到内疚。故D选项“The wisdom of using your ‘me-time’．”符合题意。故选D。]
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在美国长大的巴西牙医Felipe Rossi创建了非政府组织Porsorriso，致力于为巴西贫困地区的低收入人群提供免费的口腔治疗服务。
5．A　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“For some of us，going to the dentist...is a thing of the ordinary.But for many people around the world，...having dental improvement and their teeth checked simply isn’t possible.”可知，作者通过对比来引入文章的主题。故选A。]
6．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘All locals didn’t have access to...many of them suffered deformed teeth or even...，leading to...’ Felipe Rossi recalled.‘A desire was planted in my heart.That is，to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems.’”可知，Felipe看到很多当地人牙齿变形甚至失去牙齿，这激发了他利用自己的技能解决当地人牙齿问题的决心；由此可知，是看到当地人缺乏牙齿护理促使Felipe为巴西人提供牙齿治疗。故选C。]
7．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段首句可知，Felipe成立了非政府组织为低收入群体提供免费的口腔护理，因此他具有慈善精神。根据最后一段中“‘Challenging as it is，it did bring...We will continue this...’ Felipe said with a strong will.”可知，无论将面临什么困难，他们将继续进行这项具有变革意义的行动，这表明他做事是投入的。故选D。]
8．C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“Sponsorship is generally provided by two private companies.Individuals may also make donations through...”可知，Porsorriso是由企业和个人提供经济支持。故选C。]
Ⅱ.1.D　2.F　3.B　4.E　5.G
Ⅲ.
1．A　[distribute分发；introduce介绍；sell出售；exhibit展览。根据下文“So we set up the stand and got ready to distribute some Christmas ________.”可知，此处表示将剩余农产品分发给当地社区。故选A。]
2．D　[forgiveness宽恕；image图像；recipe食谱；cheer欢乐的氛围。根据上文“a charity which takes surplus(剩余的) produce from New Covent Garden Market and ________ it to the local community”以及“The food was already in containers.”可知，此处表示作者摆好摊位，准备将食物分发给当地社区的人们，为人们带去一些节日的快乐。故选D。]
3．C　[easy容易的；nice漂亮的；slow慢的；safe安全的。根据下文“People seemed a bit suspicious of taking food for free.”可知，人们似乎对免费领取食物有些怀疑，所以作者分发的速度很慢。故选C。]
4．D　[break away from脱离；put up with忍受；cut in on切入；warm up to对……热情起来。根据下文“and we had a fun afternoon singing and trying to ________ passers-by to take our food”以及语境可知，逐渐地，人们对作者热情起来。故选D。]
5．B　[threaten威胁；encourage鼓励；allow允许；command命令。根据上文“People seemed a bit suspicious of taking food for free.But they gradually ________ us”以及语境可知，志愿者们感受到人们的热情，还鼓励路人来领取食物。故选B。]
6．D　[why为什么；how如何；where何地；when何时。根据上文“It was then time to deliver meals to those who weren’t able to come.”以及语境可知，此处表示在作者给那些不能来的人们送餐的时候，事情发生了变化。故选D。]
7．A　[open打开；repair修复；clean清洁；guard保卫。根据上文“The first door I knocked on”可知，作者敲门后，一位30多岁的女士打开门。故选A。]
8．D　[costly昂贵的；unfinished未完成的；deserted被遗弃的；ready准备好的。根据上文“The food was already in containers.”可知，食物已经被装在容器里准备好了，作者送去的是准备好的饭菜。故选D。]
9．B　[decline拒绝；react反应；argue争辩；trade交易。根据下文“I felt as if I was handing her gold”以及语境可知，这位女士的反应使得作者觉得自己好像在给她金子。故选B。]
10．C　[purchase购买；interview访谈；delivery递送；schedule时间表。根据上文“It was then time to deliver meals to those who weren’t able to come.”以及语境可知，此处表示给那位女士送完之后的接下来的几次递送。故选C。]
11．B　[meal餐；chat聊天；report报告；silence沉默。根据下文“As a local politician I knock on doors and talk to people a lot”可推知，此处表示作者会走进老人或者独居的人家里，和他们简短地聊天。故选B。]
12．C　[proud骄傲的；free自由的；lonely孤独的；content满足的。根据上文“when people were elderly or alone”可知，本句中Many指代上文提及的老人和独居的人，结合常识，他们会感到孤独。故选C。]
13．A　[connect with与……联系，沟通；look after照顾；turn to转向；rely on依靠。根据上文“In some cases，when people were elderly or alone，I’d go into their homes and have a brief ________ before heading off.”可知，作者会走进老人或者独居的人家里，和他们简短地聊天，所以此处表示他们感觉开心是由于他们可以和其他人沟通。故选A。]
14．A　[conversation对话；budget预算；explanation解释；deal交易。根据上文“As a local politician I knock on doors and talk to people a lot”以及语境可知，经常与人交谈的作者认为圣诞节这天的对话有更深层次的意义。故选A。]
15．B　[hesitate犹豫；start开始；ignore忽略；struggle挣扎。根据上文“I finished my day at WNWNB a slightly different person from”可知，作者在做志愿者结束后感受到不同，所以此处表示现在的自己与开始的那个自己不同。故选B。]
Ⅳ.1.humans　2.are　3.that/which　4.To maintain　5.when　6.known　7.feeling　8.necessarily　9.a　10.theirs选择性必修第四册 UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS(一)
62．5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Walking into the ①on-campus barbershop CutzbyOzzy，the student customers will be greeted by Alexander Garcia with clippers in hand，a barber chair，a full professional clipping set，and customers chatting about the latest DJ set in the background.
Garcia started cutting hair during his junior year of high school.He spent his time learning from barber videos about different hairstyles.That learning took trial and error，and he spent his time practicing on his younger cousin，but he never intended it to be a business.
He came into college as an Electrical and Computer Engineering major and spent his time in the students’ associations，working as a part-time DJ.His journey of cutting hair on campus began in the second year，with mainly roommates and close friends coming in for a cut and a chat，but his hobby fully developed into CutzbyOzzy earlier this year.Barbers in the city are expensive，he noticed，especially for college students，which pushed him to expand his hobby to a private business.
Garcia is busy，with appointments made usually a week in advance.Customers can pay $18 for a full haircut and $5 for a line-up.His business grows mostly through the ②word-of-mouth of his customers，who are mainly first-years.“Seeing that most of the customers are freshmen，I like to give them advice，try to explain my own experience and promote student organizations because I feel that enhances my experience，” he said.“I lead them through things I encounter on the way—internships(实习)，scholarships，job opportunities，and questions.”
To Garcia，it’s about creating the feel of walking into an actual barbershop；it’s about offering instructions and friendship to his customers.He’s found over time that these students start breaking out of their shells and coming to him with their problems.
“I can just never ③stay put，” he said.“I always like to try different things in different fields.Apart from being an engineer，the barbershop is truly my life.”
1．What inspired Garcia to start his barbershop business
A．His hobby as a part-time DJ.
B．The real demand from his friends.
C．The high cost of haircut in the city.
D．His barbering experience in high school.
2．What helps Garcia’s business grow
A．Discounts for the freshmen.
B．Recommendation by customers.
C．Advertisements via social media.
D．Partnership with local barbershops.
3．How does Garcia distinguish from other barbers in the city
A．He keeps his barbershop better-equipped.
B．He provides a wider selection of hairstyles.
C．He shares more practical guidance for students.
D．He introduces more job opportunities to graduates.
4．Which of the following can best describe Garcia
A．Ambitious and adventurous.
B．Multitalented and supportive.
C．Knowledgeable and intelligent.
D．Business-minded and fame-seeking.
语境猜词 ①on-campus(合)＝on＋campus ②word-of-mouth(合)＝word＋of＋mouth ③stay put
B
(2025·广东梅州期末)
Researchers have proposed a ①novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads，a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.
Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University，researchers proved that they could automatically and accurately measure counts of vehicles on urban roadways，detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.
In previous studies，Ohio State researchers found that using these mobile cameras provides much better spatial and temporal(时间的) coverage than relying on often temporarily placed sensors that don’t provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.
“If we collect and ②process more high-resolution(高清晰度的) spatial information about what’s happening on the roads，then planners could better understand changes in demand，effectively improving efficiency in the broader transportation system，” said Keith Redmill，lead author of the study.
“If we can measure traffic in a way that is as good or better than what is conventionally done with fixed sensors，then we will have created something incredibly useful extremely cheaply，” he said.“Our goal is to start building a system that could do this without much manual intervention because if you want to collect this information over lots of potential vehicles and lots of time，it’s worth fully automating that process.”
While still a long way from total implementation(实施)，the study suggests the system’s results bear promise for the future of intelligent traffic surveillance.Transportation planners，engineers and operators make vital decisions about the future of our roadways，so when designing transportation systems to work over the next 30 to 50 years，it’s necessary that we give them data that allows them to improve the efficiency of the system and the level of service provided to travelers.
5．How can cameras on buses benefit travelers
A．By shortening their travel time.
B．By making their schedules tight.
C．By decreasing their transport cost.
D．By improving their safety awareness.
6．What can we know about the sensors placed temporarily
A．They provide more spatial coverage.
B．They can’t detect objects on the road.
C．They cover less view of the urban traffic.
D．They accurately record the flow of traffic.
7．What does the underlined word “surveillance” in paragraph 6 mean
A．Operation. B．Monitoring.
C．Protection. D．Arrangement.
8．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Transportation Automation Is on Its Way
B．It Is Time to Improve the Efficiency of Traffic System
C．Transportation Planners Use Cameras to Make Policies
D．Cameras Installed on Buses Can Better Measure Traffic
语境猜词 ①novel(熟义：n.小说) 生义(文义)： ②process(转)n.→v.
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Do you like spending time alone If so，you probably know that there are people criticizing you for it.They think you are alone because you’re anxious about being around other people and just don’t have very positive relationships with humans. 1
These have been the common opinions on spending time alone for far too long. 2 Scholars believe that spending time alone helps you break free from pressures and is good for mental and physical health.
3 You need to feel the ①dissatisfaction with where you’re now to get the motivation to change and achieve what you want.Being around others constantly might distract(转移) yourself from the informative feeling.Spending time alone enables you to check how your life is in line with your plans，or research resources related to your aims.
Your creativity is increased when being alone.If you are constantly in the presence of others，your mind is more likely to be engaged in being social. 4 Those who enjoy creative pursuits，like writing and music，especially need to get alone time.If you’re not used to alone time，being alone while around others is a good way to start，such as writing at a library or in a café.
Keeping yourself away from others improves sleep quality.If you are always busy with others，you may notice that it’s difficult to ②wind down at night.Those moments right before you fall asleep can be uncomfortable if you are not used to being alone. 5 Consequently，you feel more comfortable transitioning(过渡) from wakefulness to sleep.
A．Alone time helps you focus on your goals.
B．Or they assume you are lonely and depressed.
C．You don’t need to worry about opinions others have.
D．Reasons for being alone vary from one person to another.
E．More recently，the value of aloneness has been increasingly recognized.
F．Having space from others can ③free up your mind to think of new ideas.
G．Taking time for yourself can help you practice being with your thoughts.
语境猜词 ①dissatisfaction(派)＝dis＋satisfaction ②wind down ③free(转)adj.→v.
Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
(2024·湖南长沙一模)
Medha Gupta sometimes felt worried making the 20-minute walk from the corner where the school bus dropped her off to her home in Herndon，Virginia—especially during the colder months in winter.
Her mother，Divya Gupta had a 1 ：write an app.She was half-kidding，but Medha took the challenge 2 .So she went to work.
The result was Safe Travel，an app 3 by Medha to help walkers feel more 4 when travelling alone.Using the iPhone，a person can ①programme it to send a warning to someone he or she trusts if he or she 5 to arrive at a destination within a certain time.
It was the first IOS app that Medha had created.While she didn’t think much would come from the project，her 6 caught the eye of judges for the annual Congressional App Challenge，who selected her as the winner for Virginia’s 10th District.
The App Challenge is designed to encourage 7 to consider careers in science，technology，engineering，and maths by 8 coding and computer science.Winning students are 9 to attend a reception on Capitol Hill in April and also receive $ 250 in Amazon Web Service credits.
Medha said it took her about 40 hours to design， 10 and test the app.As for her next app，Medha’s not certain.She 11 has her ②app-development tasks on hold because she’s 12 teaching herself AI to help deal with improper words on the Internet.Yes，she knows that there are teams of 13 probably doing the same thing.But she 14 it can’t hurt her own part，too.
“If we see something 15 with the world，we should do something about it，” she said.“After all，the only one stopping us from doing something is ourselves.”
1．A.suggestion B．clue
C．perception D．secret
2．A.optionally B．seriously
C．rudely D．unwillingly
3．A.recommended B．improved
C．bought D．designed
4．A.secure B．encouraged
C．comfortable D．mystical
5．A.attempts B．expects
C．fails D．plans
6．A.trouble B．effort
C．courage D．patience
7．A.employees B．competitors
C．students D．judges
8．A.continuing with B．coping with
C．contrasting with D．experimenting with
9．A.required B．invited
C．forced D．tempted
10．A.programme B．upgrade
C．change D．disprove
11．A.carelessly B．randomly
C．aimlessly D．temporarily
12．A.bound to B．worried about
C．busy in D．fond of
13．A.entrepreneurs B．volunteers
C．engineers D．physicians
14．A.concludes B．figures
C．suspects D．prays
15．A.painful B．distressing
C．ridiculous D．wrong
语境猜词 ①programme(转)n.→v. ②app-development(合)＝app＋development
Ⅳ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，满分15分)
It’s a race against time，as generations of cultural heritage conservators at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effort to protect the artistic charm of the Mogao Caves,1. UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The team 2. (devote) to protecting the 45,000 square meters of murals(壁画) and more than 2,400 painted sculptures of the 735 caves of the site，the construction of 3. takes about a thousand years，from the 4th century to the 14th century.The cultural relics are the product of the cultural exchanges that took place over the 4.________________(century) on the ancient Silk Road.
Commonly 5. (see) “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking，as well as erosion that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity of the caves，and the deposition of salts.To restore a mural requires an ①all-rounder.Restorers should know painting，master the skills of a mason(石匠) and have some knowledge of chemistry and physics,6.____________(be) able to recognize the problems and their 7. (correspond) causes and deliver a solution.They must also select proper materials and tools，and conduct experiments,8. formally carrying out the restoration and evaluating the effect afterward.
The restoration should respect the original work and aim to maintain the status quo of the murals rather than ②repainting them.When the restorers find some parts of murals missing 9.___________fading away，they never repaint them to create a “perfect” 10. (appear) in restoration.
语境猜词 ①all-rounder(合)＝all＋rounder ②repaint(派)＝re＋paint
语境猜词答案
Ⅰ.A.①adj.校园的；校内的　②adj.口头的；口述的　③待在原地
B．①adj.新颖的　②处理
Ⅱ.①n.不满意　②放松，休息　③使解脱出来
Ⅲ.①预调；预设　②n.应用程序开发
Ⅳ.①全才；多才多艺者　②重画；重漆
答案精析
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了Alexander Garcia在大学校园内开理发店，为学生理发，同时还为他们提供实习、奖学金、工作机会等方面的建议。
1．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Barbers in the city are expensive，he noticed，especially for college students，which pushed him to expand his hobby to a private business.”可知，本市高昂的理发费用促使Garcia自己开理发店。故选C。]
2．B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“His business grows mostly through the word-of-mouth of his customers，who are mainly first-years.”可知，顾客的推荐帮助Garcia的生意发展起来。故选B。]
3．C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“To Garcia，it’s about creating the feel of walking into an actual barbershop；it’s about offering instructions and friendship to his customers.”可知，Garcia与其他理发师的区别在于他为学生们提供了更多实用的指导。故选C。]
4．B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He came into college as an Electrical and Computer Engineering major and spent his time in the students’ associations，working as a part-time DJ.”以及第四段中的“I like to give them advice，try to explain my own experience and promote student organizations...”可知，Garcia不仅多才多艺，还乐于助人。故选B。]
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是研究人员证明安装在校园公交车上的摄像头可以统计和追踪公共道路上的车辆，这一发展有望改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地。
5．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers have proposed a novel method for counting and tracking vehicles on public roads，a development that could improve current traffic systems and help travelers get to their destinations faster.”和第二段“Using the cameras already installed on campus buses...”可知，公交车上的摄像头能够帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地，即缩短出行时间。故选A。]
6．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段“...often temporarily placed sensors that don’t provide a view of many streets and roads in a city.”可知，临时安置的传感器不能提供城市中许多道路和街道的视图，即它们对城市交通的覆盖较少。故选C。]
7．B　[词义猜测题。根据第二段“Using the cameras already installed on campus buses at the Ohio State University...detect objects in the road and distinguish parked vehicles from those that are moving.”以及画线词前面的内容“While still a long way from total implementation(实施)，the study suggests the system’s results bear promise for the future...”可知，安装在校园公交车上的摄像头能够自动、准确地测量城市道路上的车辆数量，探测道路上的物体，并区分停放的车辆和行驶的车辆。虽然距离全面实施这项技术还有很长的路要走，但研究表明，该系统的结果对未来的智能交通监控是充满希望的。故画线词“surveillance”意为“监控”。故选B。]
8．D　[标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一、二段可知，文章讲述的是研究人员证明安装在校园公交车上的摄像头可以统计和追踪公共道路上的车辆，这一发展有望改善当前的交通系统，帮助旅行者更快地到达目的地。故选D。]
Ⅱ.1.B　2.E　3.A　4.F　5.G
Ⅲ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Medha Gupta设计的一款名为“安全旅行”的应用程序，它可以帮助行人在独自旅行时感到更安全。
1．A　[suggestion建议；clue线索；perception感知；secret秘密。根据下文“write an app”可知，她的母亲给她提供了一条建议。故选A。]
2．B　[optionally可选择地；seriously认真地；rudely粗鲁地；unwillingly不情愿地。根据but可知，前后两句是转折关系，即她妈妈是半开玩笑，她却认真对待。故选B。]
3．D　[recommend推荐；improve改进；buy买；design设计。根据上文“Her mother，Divya Gupta had a ______：write an app.She was half-kidding，but Medha took the challenge ______.So she went to work.”可知，这款应用程序是由Medha设计的。故选D。]
4．A　[secure安全的；encouraged受到鼓舞的；comfortable舒服的；mystical神秘的。根据上文“The result was Safe Travel”可知，这款应用程序的名字叫“安全旅行”，故它旨在帮助行人在独自旅行时感到更安全。故选A。]
5．C　[attempt尝试；expect期望；fail未能(做到)；plan计划。根据空前“a person can programme it to send a warning to someone he or she trusts”及空后“to arrive at a destination within a certain time”可知，一个人如果未能在特定时间内到达目的地，就可以利用该程序向信任的人发出警告。fail to do意为“未能做……”。故选C。]
6．B　[trouble麻烦；effort努力；courage勇气；patience耐心。根据上文对Medha发明应用程序的介绍以及空后“caught the eye of judges for the annual Congressional App Challenge，who selected her as the winner for Virginia’s 10th District”可知，Medha对于发明的努力让她被选为弗吉尼亚州第十选区的获胜者。故选B。]
7．C　[employee员工；competitor竞争者；student学生；judge裁判。根据下文“Winning students”可知，这场应用程序挑战大赛旨在鼓励学生考虑科学、技术、工程和数学领域的职业。故选C。]
8．D　[continue with继续；cope with处理；contrast with对比；experiment with试验。根据空后“coding and computer science”可知，该大赛旨在通过试验编码和计算机科学来鼓励学生考虑科学、技术、工程和数学领域的职业。故选D。]
9．B　[require要求；invite邀请；force强迫；tempt引诱。根据空后“to attend a reception on Capitol Hill in April”可知，获奖学生将被邀请参加4月份在国会山举行的招待会。故选B。]
10．A　[programme编写程序；upgrade升级；change改变；disprove证明……错误。根据上文“by ______ coding and computer science”可知，她应该有编写程序的过程。故选A。]
11．D　[carelessly马虎地；randomly随机地；aimlessly漫无目的地；temporarily暂时地。根据下文“because she’s ______ teaching herself AI to help deal with improper words on the Internet”可知，因为她正忙于自学人工智能，所以她暂时搁置了应用程序开发任务。故选D。]
12．C　[bound to一定会；worried about担心；busy in忙于；fond of喜欢。根据上文“She ________ has her app-development tasks on hold”可知，她暂时搁置了应用程序开发任务，因为她正忙于自学人工智能。故选C。]
13．C　[entrepreneur企业家；volunteer志愿者；engineer工程师；physician医师。根据空后“probably doing the same thing”可知，她知道一些工程师团队在做同样的事情。故选C。]
14．B　[conclude结束；figure认为；suspect怀疑；pray祈祷。根据空后“it can’t hurt her own part，too”可知，她认为这不会影响到她自己。故选B。]
15．D　[painful痛苦的；distressing令人苦恼的；ridiculous荒唐的；wrong错误的。根据“we should do something about it”可知，当我们发现这个世界出现错误，有了问题的时候，我们应该做些事情。故选D。]
Ⅳ.1.a　2.is devoted　3.which　4.centuries　5.seen　6.to be
7．corresponding　8.before　9.or　10.appearanceⅠ.阅读单词——会意
1．clinic　　 　　n．诊所，(医院)门诊部
2．gallery n．美术馆，画廊
3．grocery n．超级市场；食品杂货
4．bakery n．面包烘房，糕饼店
5．cafeteria n．(工厂、学校等的)自助餐厅，食堂
6．canteen n．(工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅
7．suburb n．郊区，近郊，城郊
8．forum n．(互联网上的)论坛，讨论区；讨论会，电视专题讨论节目
9．intervention n．干涉，干预
10．friction n．不和，冲突，摩擦
11．network n．人际关系网，联络网；网络，网状系统
12．sociologist n．社会学家
13．bimonthly adj.两月一次的；一月两次的
14．closely-knit adj.紧密联结在一起的
15．outskirts n．市郊，郊区，远离城市中心的地区
16．gable n．山墙，三角墙
17．tear-stained adj.有泪痕的
18．orphan n．孤儿
19．faucet n．水龙头
20．pillow n．枕头
21．resolutely adv.坚决地，坚定地
22．emperor n．皇帝
23．republic n．共和国
24．loan n．贷款
25．document n．公文，文件 vt.记录，记载(详情)
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．stadium n．体育场，运动场
2．conflict n．抵触，冲突，矛盾 vi.冲突；抵触
3．theory n．学说，理论
4．chain n．一连串，一系列；链子，链条；连锁店，连锁集团
5．impression n．印象，感想
6．random adj.随机的，随意的
7．parcel n．包裹；邮包
8．release vt.& n．发表，发布；释放；发行
9．phrase n．成语，习语；警句
10．household n．一家人，同住一栋房子的人
11．bond n．纽带，联系 v．(使)黏合，(使)结合
12．stiff adj.挺的，硬的，不易弯曲的
13．freeze vi.& vt.呆住；突然停止；(使)结冰，(使)冻结
14．clasp vt.握紧，抱紧 n．紧握，紧抱
15．proceed vi.继续进行，继续做
16．reveal vt.展现，显露；揭示，揭露
17．sigh n．& vi.叹息，叹气
18．despair n．绝望 v．绝望，丧失信心
19．dare n．& vi.胆敢，敢于
20．bare adj.空的，无装饰的；赤裸的，裸露的；最基本的
21．shiver n．& vi.颤抖，哆嗦，发抖
22．bone n．骨头；骨质物
23．sob n．& vi.& vt.抽噎，啜泣；哭诉
24．dive vi.扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水；投身于
25．frown vi.皱眉
26．forgiveness n．原谅，宽恕
27．debt n．债务，欠款；人情债
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．envy n．羡慕，忌妒 vt.羡慕，妒忌→envious adj.羡慕的；妒忌的
2．disturb vt.干扰，打扰，使中断→disturbance n．干扰；扰乱→disturbing adj.令人不安的
3．apologis(z)e vi.道歉，谢罪；辩白→apology n．道歉；歉意
4．frequently adv.经常地，频繁地→frequent adj.经常的，频繁的→frequency n．频繁；发生率；频率
5．consequence n．后果；结果；重要性→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；结果
6．appeal v．& n．呼吁，恳请；有吸引力；上诉，申诉→appealing adj.有吸引力的；恳求的
7．sorrow n．悲伤，悲痛；不幸 v．感到(或表示)悲伤→sorrowful adj.悲痛的；悲哀的
8．legal adj.法律的；法律允许的，合法的→legally adv.合法地→illegal adj.不合法的
9．disagreement n．意见不合，分歧，争论→agreement n．同意；(意见)一致；协定→agree v．同意→disagree v．不同意
10．encouragement n．鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物→encourage vt.鼓励，鼓舞→encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的
11．amazement n．吃惊，惊奇→amazing adj.令人惊奇的→amazed adj.惊讶的→amaze vt.使大为吃惊；使感到惊愕
12．additionally adv.除此之外，此外→additional adj.另外的；附加的→addition n．添加；增加；加法；[C]增加物→add v．增加；添加；补充说
13．adopt vi.& vt.收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度等→adoption n．收养；采纳→adopted adj.收养的，领养的
14．investigate vi.& vt.查明，调查，侦查→investigation n．调查
15．interrupt vi.& vt.打断(某人的)讲话，中断(某人的)行动，打扰→interruption n．打扰；扰乱
积累——构词法　学一法　会一类
1．前缀inter- 意为“在……之间，相互”，如intervention＝inter＋ven(来)＋tion(名词后缀)→相互来→干预，interchangeable＝inter＋change(改变)＋able(形容词后缀)→可互换的，international＝inter＋national(国家的)→国际的。
2．数量关系前缀：①bi-表示“两个，双”，如bimonthly(两月一次的；一月两次的)，bicycle(自行车)；②tri-表示“三个”，如tricycle(三轮车)；③uni-表示“独；单；一”，如uniform(制服)，unique(独特的)；④multi-表示“多，很多”，如multimedia(多媒体的)，multiply(乘；成倍增加)；⑤semi-表示“半”，如semicircle(半圆)；⑥co-表示“和……一起；共同；联合”，如co-founder(共同创立者)，co-operate(合作)。
3．词根ceed/ced/cess表示“to go”。如proceed＝pro (向前)＋ceed(去)→继续前进，exceed＝ex(向外)＋ ceed(去)→走出界外→超过，超出，precede＝ pre(先，前)＋ced(to go)＋e→go before or go in front of→领先，在……之前，access＝ac(to)＋cess (to go)→go to some place走到某处→进入。
(1)Without cooperation，a person is unable to succeed，especially in this increasingly interdependent society.________________ (猜黑体词义)
(2)This design is suitable for intercontinental flights and larger passenger loads similar to a Boeing 777.________________
(3)Now that almost everything is wired and all kinds of services are offered online，machines and software need to be able to interconnect.________________
(4)They said firmly that no negative effects of bilingual education have been found.________________
(5)What is known to us all is that a triangle has three sides.________________
(6)I was riding my unicycle on the street when I met my former head teacher by accident.________________
(7)So in order to get the best out of any multicultural team，leaders should keep the following tips in mind.________________
(8)How can people and nature begin to coexist in balance again？________________
(9)Incessant rain in the past few days has made conditions almost intolerable.________________
(10)Just as I started to think that I was never going to get well，the illness began to recede.________________
1．feasibility/ fi z 'bIl ti/n.可行性
2．chip/t Ip/n.芯片
3．implant/'Implɑ nt/n.植入物
4．nanotechnology/ n n tek'n l d i/n.纳米技术
5．molecular/m 'lekj l /adj.分子的
6．simulation/ sImj 'leI n/n.模拟，仿真
7．fishy/'fI i/adj.可疑的，靠不住的
8．surgical/'s d Ik l/adj.外科的；外科手术用的
9．instantaneously/ Inst n'teIni sli/adv.即刻地，即时地
10．medication/ medI'keI n/n.药物，药剂
11．antibiotic/ ntIbaI' tIk/n.抗生素，抗菌素
12．toll/t l/n.死亡人数；伤亡人数
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．hang out 闲待，厮混；常去某处
2．be close to与……亲近；接近；差点儿
3．refer to指的是；提到；查阅
4．be connected to与……有联系
5．be due to do sth预期要做某事
6．intend to do sth打算做某事
7．in amazement惊讶地
8．burst into 闯入；突然发作；突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等)
9．send off给某人送行，打发某人走；寄送某物
10．come along跟着来；快点
11．in the depths of despair在极度绝望中
12．decide on决定，选定
13．put out熄灭；扑灭
14．set...on fire把……烧着
15．cry oneself to sleep一直哭到睡着了
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．...once released，the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.(once＋过去分词作状语)
……结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。
2．It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”．(强调句型)
正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。
3．I might have expected it.I might have known it was all too beautiful to last.I might have known nobody really did want me.(情态动词＋have done)
我早就应该料到。我早就应该知道这件事太美好，无法持久。我早就应该想到没人真的想要我。
4．“Well，well，there’s no need to cry so about it.”(there is no need to do...没有必要做……)
“好啦，好啦，没必要为这事儿哭成这样。”
5．You would cry，too，if you were an orphan and had come to a place you thought was going to be home and found that they didn’t want you because you weren’t a boy.(if 引导的虚拟条件句)
如果你是个孤儿，来到一个满以为会成为自己家的地方，却发现他们并不想要你，因为你不是个男孩，你也会哭的。
6．To bed went Matthew.And to bed，when she had put her dishes away，went Marilla，frowning most resolutely.(介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装)
马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。
体验——析真题长句　知高考难度
(2024·浙江1月)The tip that comes up most often is simple：build online courses into your weekly schedule，just like what you would do with in person courses.
[句式分析]　此句是________________句。that comes up most often是____________从句，修饰先行词the tip；what引导________________从句。
[尝试翻译]　
The students were asked to talk about what left the deepest 1.____________ on them.
What impressed Ben most was that his family moved frequently.There was a time when the household had to move bimonthly.He once lived in a neighbourhood 2.__________________ there were a clinic，a gallery，a grocery，a stadium and a bakery.The reason why Ben’s family moved frequently was 3.__________________ Ben dared hang out with other guys every night，which disturbed his neighbours and caused a chain of trouble.Filled with sorrow，his parents had to apologise to others and ask for forgiveness.Frictions often appeared.
Jay was an orphan.He remembered 4.________________________(live) in a small house in the outskirts with bare walls.It was freezing cold in winter.5.____________ no hot water，he hated the faucet，which sent him shivers through the bones in winter.His hands were often stiff because of the extreme cold.
To Jenny’s amazement，her mother burst into tears one night.She sighed with a tear-stained face，complaining about loans and debts all the time.Jenny 6.__________________(sob)，pressed her face down into the pillow and clasped the bedclothes，feeling in the 7.________________(deep) of despair.
Thomas remembered conflicting with his parents about his future career.His parents appealed to him 8.________________(study) law，but he was tired of dealing with legal documents.This disagreement existed for a long time.As 9.____________ consequence，Thomas left home with a small parcel and resolutely 10.________________(dive) into working with a sociologist ever since.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
conflict n．抵触，冲突，矛盾 vi.冲突；抵触
come into conflict with和……冲突(动作) (be) in conflict(with)(和……)冲突(状态) conflict with与……冲突
(1)She frequently found herself ____________ conflict with her parents over her future career.
(2)由于在孩子的教育问题上存在一些分歧，这对夫妇经常发生冲突。
________________________________________________________________________
because of some disagreements on their children’s education.
(3)(话题写作之校园时尚)另一方面，时尚是我们生活的重要组成部分，它与我们的学习并不冲突。
For another，fashion is an essential part of our life，which ________________________________ our studies.
envy n．羡慕，忌妒 vt.羡慕，妒忌(envious adj.羡慕的，忌妒的)
be green with envy羡慕不已，非常忌妒 be the envy of sb/sth成为……羡慕(或忌妒)的对象 be envious of羡慕/忌妒……
(1)Knowing that you have got first prize in the speech competition，we are all ____________(envy) of you.
(2)被一对善良而富有的夫妇收养后，他成了所有其他孤儿羡慕的对象。
Having been adopted by a kind and wealthy couple, _________________________________.
(3)海伦和她青梅竹马的恋人订婚了，这让她的所有朋友都羡慕不已。
Helen was engaged to her childhood sweetheart，________________________________________.
apologis(z)e vi.道歉，谢罪；辩白(apology n．道歉；歉意)
apologise to sb for (doing) sth为(做)某事而向某人道歉 accept/refuse sb’s apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉 owe sb an apology＝owe an apology to sb应该向某人表示歉意 make an apology to sb (for...)(为……)向某人道歉
(1)Additionally，I have been disturbing you by redecorating my room，and as a consequence，I owe an apology ________________ you.
(2)(应用文写作之道歉信) 我要为错把你的包裹拿回家而向你道歉。我真诚地希望你能接受我的道歉。盼望着你的原谅。
I have to ______________________________________________________ taking your parcel home by mistake.I sincerely hope _________________________.Looking forward to your forgiveness.
consequence n．后果；结果；重要性(consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的consequently adv.因此；结果)
as a consequence(＝in consequence＝consequently＝as a result)结果，因此 as a consequence of(＝in consequence of＝as a result of)由于…… take the consequences of承担……的后果
(1)由于老师的帮助，我掌握了如何润色我的文章的窍门。在接下来的日子里，我全身心地重写我的文章，直到它让我自己满意为止。因此，我在写作比赛中获得了一等奖，我几乎掩饰不住内心的激动。(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
__________________________________________________________________，I got the hang of how to polish my article.____________________________________，I devoted myself to rewriting my essay until it satisfied myself.____________________________________，I won first prize in the writing contest and I hardly concealed my inner excitement.
(2)既然你已经长大，你就应该为自己的不当行为承担后果。
Now that you have grown up，_______________________________________________.
appeal v．& n．呼吁，恳请；有吸引力；上诉，申诉 (appealing adj.有吸引力的；恳求的)
appeal to sb for/to do...向某人呼吁……/恳求某人做…… appeal to sb吸引某人；投某人所好 make an appeal to sb for sth为某事向某人呼吁/恳求 make an appeal to sb to do sth呼吁/恳求某人做某事
(1)He makes philosophical thought an ____________(appeal) exercise that improves the quality of our experiences，and he does so with plenty of humor.(2023·全国甲)
(2)正如短片所展示的那样，英语口语俱乐部自成立以来吸引了无数的学生。几乎所有的俱乐部成员都能与外国人自由交流，所以我呼吁你们马上加入我们的俱乐部。(2022·天津6月，书面表达)
Just as is shown in the short video clip，the Spoken English Club _________________________ since it was established.Almost all the club members can communicate with foreigners freely，so I ________________________________________________________________________.
(3)(应用文写作之倡议书)我们向学生会呼吁更多的课外活动，这不仅会丰富我们的校园生活，也会加强我们的友谊。
We ____________________________________________________________，which can not only enrich our campus life but also strengthen our friendship.
debt n．债务；欠款；人情债
in debt负债 out of debt不欠债 pay off one’s debts还清某人的欠款或债务
(1)With all their debts paid ____________，the household could finally breathe a sigh of relief.
(2)我突然想起我家负债的事实，因此我放下我最爱的玩具，撒腿往家跑去，希望我辛苦挣的钱可以帮助爸爸不再负债。(2021·浙江6月，读后续写)
The fact that my family was ________________________ occurred to me，so I dropped my favorite toy and sprang towards my home，hoping that my hard-earned money could help my father stay _________________________________.
hang out 闲待，厮混；常去某处
hang on to保留，保存；不放弃 hang about/around/round闲荡 hang up挂断(电话) hang on别挂断；稍等；紧紧握住；(在逆境中)坚持，不放弃
(读后续写之片段描写)I ________________________________________________(闲逛) with my friends in the nearby woods when a scream of help came.We found that a boy fell into a small cliff，hanging from a tree branch.We knelt down on the ground and comforted him calmly，“______________(坚持) for a few moments！Do ______________________(抓紧) the branch tightly.” With joint efforts，we pulled him over the cliff and we sighed in relief.Then we dialed his father’s cell phone number and after ____________________(挂断电话)，we kept the boy company until his parents arrived.
burst into闯入；突然发作；突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等)
burst in闯进；突然破门而入 burst out crying(＝burst into tears)突然哭起来 burst out laughing(＝burst into laughter)突然笑起来 burst with anger勃然大怒 a burst of一阵……
(1)听到这个坏消息，她双手掩面，悲痛大哭起来。
Hearing the bad news，she buried her face in her hands，_____________________with deep sorrow.
(2)他勃然大怒，冲了进来，发出一声可怕的尖叫。一阵惊恐席卷了我的全身，我僵在原地，一动也不敢动。
He ________________________________________ and ____________________，letting out a terrifying shriek.____________________swept over me and I was frozen to the spot，not daring to move an inch.
用法点拨　短语burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。
情态动词＋have done　I might have expected it.I might have known it was all too beautiful to last.I might have known nobody really did want me.我早就应该料到。我早就应该知道这件事太美好，无法持久。我早就应该想到没人真的想要我。
might have done sth本可能做某事而未做；可能做了某事 could have done sth本能够做某事而未做；可能做了某事 should (not) have done sth本(不)应该做某事而未做(做了) needn’t have done sth本不必做某事而做了 must＋have done对过去的肯定猜测 couldn’t/can’t have done对过去的否定猜测
(1)You ____________ have revealed the truth to the public，or he couldn’t have cheated so many people.
(2)I could ________________________(leave) a better impression in the interview，but I ignored something important.
(3)You ____________ not have apologised to him，because it was not your fault.
(4)If you went to school on foot this morning，you _____________ have avoided the accident.
(5)They ____________ have worked out a solution to the problem，or they couldn’t be so relaxed and at ease.
介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装　To bed went Matthew.And to bed，when she had put her dishes away，went Marilla，frowning most resolutely.马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。
表示地点的介词短语、作表语的形容词或现在分词置于句首，且主语是名词时，引起完全倒装。 在完全倒装句式中，要注意主语的位置，做到主谓一致。
(1)On the outskirts of the city ____________(lie) a new chemical factory.
(2)Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting ____________(be) the impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
(3)(读后续写之场景描写)出席典礼的有许多老师和我们的校长，他们聚精会神地听我发言。
________________________________________________________________________________，who listened to me attentively.
(4)农场前流过一条小河，这条小河给周围的风景增添了更多的美。
________________________________________________________________________，which adds more beauty to the surrounding scenery.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
1．He appealed① the case five times，always losing，which appealed② to the public’s attention.So he made an appeal③ to the public to do him a favor.
①________________　②________________
③________________
2．Since she adopted① the boy，she has been adopting② a positive and open attitude to educating him.
①________________　②________________
3．The committed doctor dived① into the hospital and immediately dived② into his work and this was why he was praised by his colleagues and patients.
①________________　②________________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．The twins come into conflict ____________ each other frequently and it is not surprising that there is an outbreak of quarrel.
2．The official apologised ____________ abusing power in the court，but he failed to get others’ forgiveness.
3．He didn’t study the policy in a thorough and systematic way.____________ a consequence，he couldn’t answer the questions about it correspondingly.
4．The experts appealed ____________ school kids to have a healthy diet and keep away from junk food.
5．It was really depressing that he was heavily ________________________________________ debt and didn’t have the capability to pay it off.
6．I am really ____________(envy) of your good luck—it is a blessing to be offered help by a stranger when in trouble.
7．His daughter，who was opposed to the marriage，burst ____________ crying with her face buried in her hands.
8．Wendy kept warning his son not to hang _____________________________________ at midnight with his so-called friends.
9．With an impatient frown on his face，he sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf _______________________________________________________________ random.
10．At the beginning of each paragraph ____________(be) two questions that provoke curiosity.
　　作为高三学生的你，肯定在适应高中生活和人际交往方面颇有心得，请你写一篇英语演讲稿，和高一的学弟学妹们谈一谈如何快速适应高中生活以及如何处理好人际关系。
完成句子
1．当我们步入高中时，我们可能会遇到各种各样的困难，但没有必要为此感到焦虑。(状语从句的省略；there is no need to do...)
________________________________________________________________________
2．在我们将遇到的所有事情中，有一个就是如何与我们的同学和老师好好相处，他们将在这段时间里发挥最大的作用。(介词短语置于句首的倒装句；who引导定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
3．如果你在高中时没有朋友，你会觉得学校生活像死水一样无聊。(if引导虚拟条件句)
________________________________________________________________________
4．因此，我呼吁你要诚实，避免与同学和老师发生冲突。(consequence；appeal；conflict)
________________________________________________________________________
5．此外，一旦你与他人发生冲突，你应该足够勇敢地首先做出真诚的道歉。(apology)
________________________________________________________________________
6．最重要的是，我们必须尊重、关心和同情他人，毫不犹豫地向那些需要帮助的人伸出援手。(分词短语作状语)
________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
教材语料整合
亮词 [情感描写]　envy n．& v．→envious adj.；amazement；despair；resolutely；sorrow
[动作描写]　conflict；hang out；disturb；apologise；adopt；freeze；clasp；burst into；investigate；sigh；shiver；sob；dive；frown；appeal；interrupt
美句 1.But when her eyes fell on the odd little figure in the stiff，ugly dress，with the long red hair and the eager，bright eyes，she froze in amazement.(外貌描写＋动作描写) 2．Sitting down on a chair by the table，throwing her arms on it，and burying her face in them，she proceeded to cry stormily.(动作链描写) 3．“You’re not eating anything，”said Marilla sharply，eying her as if it were a serious problem.(动作描写) 4．The whitewashed walls were so painfully bare.The floor was bare，too.In one corner was the bed，a high，old-fashioned one of dark wood.Midway between table and bed was the window，with an icy white curtain over it.There was no restroom，but there was a wash stand with a faucet in the other corner.The whole room felt cold and unwelcoming，which sent a shiver through Anne’s bones.(环境描写) 5．With a sob she quickly undressed，put on her nightclothes and jumped into bed where she pressed her face down into the pillow and pulled the clothes over her head.(动作链描写) 6．She carefully picked up Anne’s clothes，placed them neatly on a yellow chair，and then，taking up the candle，went over to the bed.(动作链描写) 7．And upstairs，in the east gable，a lonely，heart-hungry，friendless child cried herself to sleep.(人物描写)
拓展语料积累　动作细节描写：看
单词 see看见；watch 观看；observe 观察；view 把……视为；spot 注意到，发现
词块 lock one’s eyes on/stare at/gaze at目光锁定/盯着　one’s eyes be fixed on/glued to目光集中于/盯着　take/cast a glance at向……看一眼　look sb straight in the eye直视某人的眼睛　gape at目瞪口呆地看　come into view进入视野　eyes widen睁大眼睛　peep at/through偷看　glance at/around/back/up/down瞥一眼/环视/回头看/向上看/向下看　catch a glimpse of瞥见　steal a glance at偷偷瞥一眼
句型 I tiptoed forward and glanced back over my shoulder from time to time to make sure that no one was following me.我踮着脚尖向前走，不时回头看一眼，以确保没有人在跟踪我。 Seeing no other people notice me，I placed the Christmas present down，pounded the doorbell and then hid quickly behind a big tree，peeping at the doorway.(现在分词短语作状语＋动作链描写)看到没有人注意到我，我放下圣诞礼物，按了按门铃，然后迅速躲在一棵大树后面，向门口窥视。 James came out，glanced around and spotted the box，his eyes widening in surprise.(动作链描写＋独立主格)詹姆斯走了出来，环顾四周，发现了盒子，他惊讶地睁大了眼睛。 Watching what my sons had done，I couldn’t help exclaiming，“How warm-hearted they are！”(现在分词短语作状语)看着儿子们所做的一切，我不禁惊呼：“他们真是太热心了！”
语料运用　主题：圣诞聚会
①____________________________________________________(with复合结构)，the air was filled with joy and excitement.Everyone was overwhelmed by happiness，talking about the coming Christmas holiday and gifts，②____________________________________(分词短语作状语)．Jenny，a girl growing up in an orphanage，was now staying in the corner in the classroom，③______________________________________________________________(独立主格)，lost in thought ④________________________________________________(状语从句的省略)．Fortunately，she finally attracted eyes of the monitor，⑤__________________________(who引导定语从句)．She ⑥_______________________________________________ and soon realized the reason and gathered her classmates secretly after class，trying to find a perfect way to please Jenny.Finally，they determined to hold a party especially for her.
随着圣诞节的临近，空气中充满了欢乐和兴奋。每个人都沉浸在幸福之中，谈论着即将到来的圣诞假期和礼物，却没有注意到珍妮泪眼中的悲伤。珍妮是一个在孤儿院长大的女孩，现在她呆在教室的角落里，眼睛盯着光秃秃的墙，陷入了沉思，仿佛处在极度的绝望中。幸运的是，她最终吸引了班长的目光，班长碰巧环顾四周，瞥见了珍妮。她直视着珍妮的眼睛，很快就意识到了原因，并在下课后秘密召集同学，试图找到一种完美的方式来取悦珍妮。最后，他们决定专门为她举办一场聚会。
答案精析
排查·基础知识
积累
(1)相互依赖的　(2)洲际的　(3)相互连接　(4)双语的
(5)三角形　(6)独轮车　(7)多元文化的　(8)共存　(9)不停的；连续的　(10)减弱
体验
主从复合　定语　宾语　最常被提及的建议很简单：把在线课程纳入你的每周计划，就像你对现场课程所做的那样。
词汇串记
1．impression　2.where　3.that　4.living　5.With　6.sobbed　7.depths　8.to study　9.a　10.has dived
突破·核心考点
1．(1)in　(2)The couple frequently conflict with/come into conflict with each other　(3)doesn’t conflict with/isn’t in conflict with
2．(1)envious　(2)he becomes/became the envy of all other orphans　(3)which made all her friends green with envy/envious of her
3．(1)to　(2)apologise/make an apology to you for；you can accept my apology
4．(1)As a consequence of/In consequence of/As a result of my teacher’s assistance；In consequent days；As a consequence/As a result/Consequently/In consequence　(2)you should take the consequences of your improper behavior
5．(1)appealing　(2)has appealed to numerous students；appeal to you/make an appeal to you to join our club right away　(3)appeal to the Student Council for more extra-curricular activities
6．(1)off　(2)in debt；out of debt
7．was hanging out/about/around/round；Hang on；hang on to；hanging up
8．(1)bursting into tears/bursting out crying 　(2)burst with anger；burst in；A burst of panic/fright/terror
9．(1)should　(2)have left　(3)need　(4)might　(5)must
10．(1)lies　(2)were　(3)Present at/Attending the ceremony were many teachers and our headmaster　(4)In front of the farm flows a small river
基础达标
Ⅰ.1.①vt.上诉，申诉　②vi.有吸引力　③n.呼吁，恳请
2．①vt.收养，领养　②vt.采取某种方法、政策、态度等
3．①vi.扑向，急冲进　②vi.投身于
Ⅱ.1.with　2.for　3.As　4.to　5.in　6.envious　7.out　8.out　9.at　10.are
提升·写作能力　应用文增分练
参考范文
Good afternoon，everyone!
It is my privilege to stand here to give you a speech on how to adjust to the senior school life and get along well with others.When stepping into the high school，we are likely to meet various difficulties，but there is no need to be anxious about it.
Among all matters we will meet is how to get along well with our classmates and teachers who will make the biggest difference during this period.If you had no friends in high school，you would feel school life as boring as dead water.As a consequence，I make an appeal that you should be honest and avoid conflicting with your classmates and teachers.Besides，once you’ve come into conflict with others，you should be brave enough to make a sincere apology first.Most importantly，we must show respect，concern and sympathy for others，never hesitating to lend a hand to those in need.
Above are my thoughts and suggestions.I hope they will be beneficial to you.Thanks for your listening.
续写积累提能练
①With Christmas approaching　②not noticing/spotting the sorrow in Jenny’s tear-stained eyes　③her eyes fixed on/glued to the bare wall　④as if in the depths of despair　⑤who happened to glance around and caught a glimpse of Jenny　⑥looked Jenny straight in the eye(共111张PPT)
CONNECTIONS
选择性必修第四册　UNIT 10
内容索引
排查基础知识
突破核心考点
提升写作能力
排查基础知识
Part One
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
n.诊所，(医院)门诊部
n.美术馆，画廊
n.超级市场；食品杂货
n.面包烘房，糕饼店
n.(工厂、学校等的)自助餐厅，食堂
n.(工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅
1
clinic
2
gallery
3
grocery
4
bakery
知识速记
5
cafeteria
6
canteen
音频见PPT“图书打包下载”
n.郊区，近郊，城郊
n.(互联网上的)论坛，讨论区；讨论会，电视专题讨论
节目
n.干涉，干预
n.不和，冲突，摩擦
n.人际关系网，联络网 ；网络，网状系统
n.社会学家
adj.两月一次的；一月两次的
7
suburb
8
forum
9
intervention
10
friction
11
network
12
sociologist
13
bimonthly
adj.紧密联结在一起的
n.市郊，郊区，远离城市中心的地区
n.山墙，三角墙
adj.有泪痕的
n.孤儿
n.水龙头
n.枕头
14
closely-knit
15
outskirts
16
gable
17
tear-stained
18
orphan
19
faucet
20
pillow
adv.坚决地，坚定地
n.皇帝
n.共和国
n.贷款
n.公文，文件 vt.记录，记载(详情)
21
resolutely
22
emperor
23
republic
24
loan
25
document
n.体育场，运动场
n.抵触，冲突，矛盾
vi.冲突；抵触
n.学说，理论
n.一连串，一系列；链子，链条；连锁店，连锁集团
n.印象，感想
adj.随机的，随意的
1
stadium
2
conflict
3
theory
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
4
chain
5
impression
6
random
n.包裹；邮包
vt.& n.发表，发布；释放；发行
n.成语，习语；警句
n.一家人，同住一栋房子的人
n.纽带，联系 v.(使)黏合，(使)结合
adj.挺的，硬的，不易弯曲的
vi.& vt.呆住；突然停止 ；(使)结冰，(使)冻结
8
release
9
phrase
10
household
7
parcel
11
bond
12
stiff
13
freeze
vt.握紧，抱紧
n.紧握，紧抱
vi.继续进行，继续做
vt.展现，显露；揭示，揭露
n.& vi.叹息，叹气
n.绝望
v.绝望，丧失信心
17
sigh
14
clasp
15
proceed
16
reveal
18
despair
n.& vi.胆敢，敢于
adj.空的，无装饰的 ；赤裸的，裸露的；最基本的
n.& vi.颤抖，哆嗦，发抖
n.骨头；骨质物
n.& vi.& vt.抽噎，啜泣；哭诉
vi.扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水；投身于
vi.皱眉
22
bone
19
dare
20
bare
21
shiver
23
sob
24
dive
25
frown
n.原谅，宽恕
n.债务，欠款；人情债
26
forgiveness
27
debt
1
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
envy n.羡慕，忌妒 vt.羡慕，妒忌
→envious adj.羡慕的；妒忌的
2
disturb vt.干扰，打扰，使中断
→disturbance n.干扰；扰乱
→disturbing adj.令人不安的
3
apologis(z)e vi.道歉，谢罪；辩白
→apology n.道歉；歉意
4
frequently adv.经常地，频繁地
→frequent adj.经常的，频繁的
→frequency n.频繁；发生率；频率
5
consequence n.后果；结果；重要性
→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的
→consequently adv.因此；结果
6
appeal v.& n.呼吁，恳请；有吸引力；上诉，申诉
→appealing adj.有吸引力的；恳求的
7
sorrow n.悲伤，悲痛；不幸 v.感到(或表示)悲伤
→sorrowful adj.悲痛的；悲哀的
8
legal adj.法律的；法律允许的，合法的
→legally adv.合法地
→illegal adj.不合法的
9
disagreement n.意见不合，分歧，争论
→agreement n.同意；(意见)一致；协定
→agree v.同意
→disagree v.不同意
10
encouragement n.鼓励，鼓舞；起激励作用的事物
→encourage vt.鼓励，鼓舞
→encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的
11
amazement n.吃惊，惊奇
→amazing adj.令人惊奇的
→amazed adj.惊讶的
→amaze vt.使大为吃惊；使感到惊愕
12
additionally adv.除此之外，此外
→additional adj.另外的；附加的
→addition n.添加；增加；加法；[C]增加物
→add v.增加；添加；补充说
13
adopt vi.& vt.收养，领养 ；采取某种方法、政策、态度等
→adoption n.收养；采纳
→adopted adj.收养的，领养的
14
investigate vi.& vt.查明，调查，侦查
→investigation n.调查
15
interrupt vi.& vt.打断(某人的)讲话，中断(某人的)行动，打扰
→interruption n.打扰；扰乱
1.前缀inter- 意为“在……之间，相互”，如intervention ＝inter＋ven(来)＋tion(名词后缀)→相互来→干预，interchangeable＝inter＋change(改变)＋able(形容词后缀)→可互换的，international＝inter＋national(国家的)→国际的。
2.数量关系前缀：①bi-表示“两个，双”，如bimonthly(两月一次的；一月两次的)，bicycle(自行车)；②tri-表示“三个”，如tricycle(三轮车)；③uni-表示“独；单；一”，如uniform(制服)，unique(独特的)；④multi-表示“多，很多”，如multimedia(多媒体的)，multiply(乘；成倍增加)；⑤semi-表示“半”，如semicircle(半圆)；⑥co-表示“和……一起；共同；联合”，如co-founder(共同创立者)，co-operate(合作)。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
3.词根ceed/ced/cess表示“to go”。如proceed＝pro (向前)＋ceed(去)→继续前进，exceed＝ex(向外)＋ ceed(去)→走出界外→超过，超出，precede＝ pre(先，前)＋ced(to go)＋e→go before or go in front of→领先，在……之前，access＝ac(to)＋cess (to go)→go to some place走到某处→进入。
(1)Without cooperation，a person is unable to succeed，especially in this increasingly interdependent society. (猜加颜色词义)
(2)This design is suitable for intercontinental flights and larger passenger loads similar to a Boeing 777. ______
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
相互依赖的
洲际的
(3)Now that almost everything is wired and all kinds of services are offered online，machines and software need to be able to interconnect.
__________
(4)They said firmly that no negative effects of bilingual education have been found. ______
(5)What is known to us all is that a triangle has three sides. ______
(6)I was riding my unicycle on the street when I met my former head teacher by accident. ______
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
相互连接
双语的
三角形
独轮车
(7)So in order to get the best out of any multicultural team，leaders should keep the following tips in mind. __________
(8)How can people and nature begin to coexist in balance again？______
(9)Incessant rain in the past few days has made conditions almost intolerable. ______________
(10)Just as I started to think that I was never going to get well，the illness began to recede. ____
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
多元文化的
共存
不停的；连续的
减弱
feasibility/ fi z 'bIl ti/ n.可行性
chip/t Ip/ n.芯片
implant/'Implɑ nt/ n.植入物
nanotechnology/ n n tek'n l d i/ n.纳米技术
molecular/m 'lekj l / adj.分子的
1
2
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
3
4
5
simulation/ sImj 'leI n/ n.模拟，仿真
fishy/'fI i/ adj.可疑的，靠不住的
surgical/'s d Ik l/ adj.外科的；外科手术用的
instantaneously/ Inst n'teIni sli/ adv.即刻地，即时地
medication/ medI'keI n/ n.药物，药剂
6
8
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
7
9
10
antibiotic/ ntIbaI' tIk/ n.抗生素，抗菌素
toll/t l/ n.死亡人数；伤亡人数
11
——背选修词汇
拔高词汇
12
1
2
hang out 闲待，厮混；常去某处
be close to 与……亲近；接近；差点儿
refer to 指的是；提到；查阅
be connected to 与……有联系
be due to do sth 预期要做某事
intend to do sth 打算做某事
in amazement 惊讶地
3
4
5
6
Ⅳ.背核心短语
7
10
burst into 闯入；突然发作；突然……
起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等)
send off 给某人送行，打发某人走；
寄送某物
come along 跟着来；快点
in the depths of despair 在极度绝望中
decide on 决定，选定
put out 熄灭；扑灭
11
12
9
8
13
set...on fire 把……烧着
cry oneself to sleep 一直哭到睡着了
15
14
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1
...once released，the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.(once＋过去分词作状语)
……结果一经公布，便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。
2
It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”.(强调句型)
正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。
3
I might have expected it.I might have known it was all too beautiful to last.I might have known nobody really did want me.(情态动词＋have done)
我早就应该料到。我早就应该知道这件事太美好，无法持久。我早就应该想到没人真的想要我。
4
“Well，well，there’s no need to cry so about it.”(there is no need to do...没有必要做……)
“好啦，好啦，没必要为这事儿哭成这样。”
5
You would cry，too，if you were an orphan and had come to a place you thought was going to be home and found that they didn’t want you because you weren’t a boy.(if 引导的虚拟条件句)
如果你是个孤儿，来到一个满以为会成为自己家的地方，却发现他们并不想要你，因为你不是个男孩，你也会哭的。
To bed went Matthew.And to bed，when she had put her dishes away，went Marilla，frowning most resolutely.(介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装)
马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。
6
(2024·浙江1月)The tip that comes up most often is simple：build online courses into your weekly schedule，just like what you would do with in person courses.
[句式分析]　此句是 句。that comes up most often是 从句，修饰先行词the tip；what引导 从句。
[尝试翻译]　___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
体验 —— 析真题长句　知高考难度
最常被提及的建议很简单：把在线课程纳入你的每周计划，就像你对现场课程所做的那样。
主从复合
定语
宾语
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.clinic n.__________________
2.gallery n._____________
3.grocery n.___________________
4.bakery n._________________
5.suburb n._________________
6.intervention n.___________
默写
词汇句型巩固(默写练习一) 词汇默写
诊所，(医院)门诊部
美术馆，画廊
超级市场；食品杂货
面包烘房，糕饼店
郊区，近郊，城郊
干涉，干预
7.friction n.__________________
8.network n.____________________________________
9.cafeteria n._______________________________
10.sociologist n.__________
不和，冲突，摩擦
人际关系网，联络网；网络，网状系统
(工厂、学校等的)自助餐厅，食堂
社会学家
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. n.体育场，运动场
2. n.抵触，冲突，矛盾
vi.冲突；抵触
3. n.包裹；邮包
4. n.纽带，联系
v.(使)黏合，(使)结合
5. n.印象，感想
6. adj.随机的，随意的
stadium
conflict
parcel
bond
impression
random
7. vt.& n.发表，发布；释放；发行
8. adj.挺的，硬的，不易弯曲的
9. n.一家人，同住一栋房子的人
10. vt.握紧，抱紧
n.紧握，紧抱
release
stiff
household
clasp
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. n.羡慕，忌妒
vt.羡慕，妒忌
→ adj.羡慕的；妒忌的
2. adj.法律的；法律允许的，合法的
→ adv.合法地
→ adj.不合法的
3. v.& n.呼吁，恳请；有吸引力；上诉，申诉
→ adj.有吸引力的；恳求的
envy
envious
legal
legally
illegal
appeal
appealing
4. n.悲伤，悲痛；不幸
v.感到(或表示)悲伤
→ adj.悲痛的；悲哀的
5. adv.经常地，频繁地
→ adj.经常的，频繁的
→ n.频繁；发生率；频率
sorrow
sorrowful
frequently
frequent
frequency
Ⅳ.拔高词汇
1.nanotechnology n._________
2.simulation n.___________
3.surgical adj.____________________
4.instantaneously adv._______________
5.toll n.___________________
纳米技术
模拟，仿真
外科的；外科手术用的
即刻地，即时地
死亡人数；伤亡人数
Ⅴ.核心短语
1. 闲待，厮混
2. 突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等)
3. 与……有联系
4. 指的是；提到；查阅
5. 打算做某事
hang out
burst into
be connected to
refer to
intend to do sth
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.As a matter of fact，the (appeal) book appealed the twins instantly they read it.
2.This news that they were opposed to my proposal really
me so that I didn’t sleep well.(disturb)
3.My friend broke my glasses by accident.Later，he apologised me for it and I forgave him for his sincere (apology).
4.Devoted to teaching， ，he earned his students’ trust，which led to other positive .(consequent)
to
词汇句型巩固(默写练习一) 语境运用
默写
appealing
disturbing
disturbed
to
apology
consequently
consequences
5.He went to the hospital to see her ，twice a day in fact.The high finally made her fall in love with him.(frequent)
frequently
frequency
Ⅱ.单句写作，补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.首先，正是因为你和他做了这么多年的朋友，所以你应该信任他。(强调句型) Dear Mike，
I quite sympathize with you and understand how you feel.To help you save your friendship，here is my advice.
To begin with,1._________________________
you should trust him.Maybe something happened to him or his family.
it is because you have been
friends with him for so many years that
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
2.他可能想自己解决这件事，所以他不想把你卷进来。 (情态动词＋have done) He 2. ，so he doesn’t want you to get involved in it.So it may be a good idea to give him some time to be alone.Finally，you can ask another friend to help find out the reason，which is the key to solving the problem.
might have wanted to solve it on his own
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.我深信，上述建议一旦实施，将对你的问题有极大的帮助。(once＋过去分词作状语) I am greatly convinced that 3. ，the above suggestions can significantly help you solve your problem.It won’t be long before you and Tom are on good terms as before.
Yours truly，
Li Hua
once carried out
Ⅰ.阅读单词
1.orphan n._____
2.pillow n._____
3.resolutely adv._______________
4.emperor n.______
5.republic n._______
6.loan n._____
默写
词汇句型巩固(默写练习二) 词汇默写
孤儿
枕头
坚决地，坚定地
皇帝
共和国
贷款
7.closely-knit adj._________________
8.outskirts n.______________________________
9.tear-stained adj._________
10.document n.___________
vt._________________
紧密联结在一起的
市郊，郊区，远离城市中心的地区
有泪痕的
公文，文件
记录，记载(详情)
Ⅱ.重点单词
1. n.绝望
v.绝望，丧失信心
2. n.骨头；骨质物
3. vi.扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水；投身于
4. vt.揭示，揭露；展现，显露
5. n.& vi.叹息，叹气
6. n.原谅，宽恕
7. n.& vi.颤抖，哆嗦，发抖
despair
bone
dive
reveal
sigh
forgiveness
shiver
8. n.& vi.& vt.抽噎，啜泣；哭诉
9. vi.皱眉
10. n.债务，欠款；人情债
sob
frown
debt
Ⅲ.拓展单词
1. n.吃惊，惊奇
→ adj.令人惊奇的
→ adj.惊讶的
→ vt.使大为吃惊；使感到惊愕
2. vi.& vt.查明，调查，侦查
→ n.调查
amazement
amazing
amazed
amaze
investigate
investigation
3. n.意见不合，分歧，争论
→ n.同意；(意见)一致；协定
→ v.同意
→ v.不同意
4. adv.除此之外，此外
→ adj.另外的；附加的
→ n.添加；增加；加法；[C]增加物
→ v.增加；添加；补充说
disagreement
agreement
agree
disagree
additionally
additional
addition
add
5. vi.& vt.收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度等
→ n.收养；采纳
→ adj.收养的，领养的
adopt
adoption
adopted
Ⅳ.拔高词汇
1.feasibility n._______
2.chip n.______
3.molecular adj.________
4.fishy adj.__________________
5.antibiotic n._______________
可行性
芯片
分子的
可疑的，靠不住的
抗生素，抗菌素
Ⅴ.核心短语
1. 给某人送行，打发某人走；寄送某物
2. 跟着来；快点
3. 在极度绝望中
4. 熄灭；扑灭
5. 把……烧着
send off
come along
in the depths of despair
put out
set...on fire
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.By comparison，my daughter has others’ good proposals，which enables her to make gradual progress.(adopt)
2.Much to my ，the physicist ’s son was able to recite the whole point from his memory.(amaze)
3.To get more evidence，the lawyer many witnesses.On
，he identified some useful proof.(investigate)
adopted
词汇句型巩固(默写练习二) 语境运用
默写
adopted
amazement
amazing
investigated
investigation
4.Thanks to your ，I made continuous and ____________
progress in maths，and finally decided to study it in the university.(encourage)
5.He was several times by cell phones during the speech，and he was obviously annoyed at the frequent .(interrupt)
encouragement
encouraging
interrupted
interruptions
Ⅱ.单句写作，补全短文(微写作)
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
1.如果我们没有朋友，我们的生活将乏味又无聊。(if 引导的虚拟条件句) 2.以下是我们可以从帮助别人中获得的好处。(完全倒装) Helping Each Other Makes the World Wonderful
As we all know，it is an important part of our life to help each other.If we didn’t have friends,1.___________________________________.
2. we can gain from helping others.
our life would be colorless and boring
The following are the benefits
单句汉语提示 微写作短文
3.没有必要犹豫，让我们立即行动起来实现美好的愿望。(there is no need to do...) For example，we can strengthen our friendship when helping our classmates.We can feel happy when we help old people.And we can take great pleasure when we help patients in hospital.
In a word，helping others can promote us.So I’m ready to help others in need，and I strongly believe that it will be of great use to build a peaceful and wonderful world.3. and let’s take action right away to achieve the good wishes.
There is no need to hesitate
The students were asked to talk about what left the deepest 1._____________ on them.
What impressed Ben most was that his family moved frequently.There was a time when the household had to move bimonthly.He once lived in a neighbourhood 2. there were a clinic，a gallery，a grocery，a stadium and a bakery.The reason why Ben’s family moved frequently was 3. Ben dared hang out with other guys every night，which disturbed his neighbours and caused a chain of trouble.Filled with sorrow，his parents had to apologise to others and ask for forgiveness.Frictions often appeared.
impression
词汇串记
where
that
Jay was an orphan.He remembered 4. (live) in a small house in the outskirts with bare walls.It was freezing cold in winter.5. no hot water，he hated the faucet，which sent him shivers through the bones in winter.His hands were often stiff because of the extreme cold.
To Jenny’s amazement，her mother burst into tears one night.She sighed with a tear-stained face，complaining about loans and debts all the time.Jenny 6. (sob)，pressed her face down into the pillow and clasped the bedclothes，feeling in the 7. (deep) of despair.
living
With
sobbed
depths
Thomas remembered conflicting with his parents about his future career.His parents appealed to him 8. (study) law，but he was tired of dealing with legal documents.This disagreement existed for a long time.As 9. consequence，Thomas left home with a small parcel and resolutely 10. (dive) into working with a sociologist ever since.
to study
a
has dived
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提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
突破核心考点
Part Two
n.抵触，冲突，矛盾 vi.冲突；抵触
conflict
·come into conflict with和……冲突(动作)
(be) in conflict(with)(和……)冲突(状态)
·conflict with与……冲突
1
(1)She frequently found herself conflict with her parents over her future career.
in
(2)由于在孩子的教育问题上存在一些分歧，这对夫妇经常发生冲突。
_____________________________________________________________
because of some disagreements on their children’s education.
(3)(话题写作之校园时尚)另一方面，时尚是我们生活的重要组成部分，它与我们的学习并不冲突。
For another，fashion is an essential part of our life，which __________
our studies.
The couple frequently conflict with/come into conflict with each other
doesn’t
conflict with/isn’t in conflict with
envy
·be green with envy羡慕不已，非常忌妒
be the envy of sb/sth成为……羡慕(或忌妒)的对象
·be envious of羡慕/忌妒……
2
n.羡慕，忌妒 vt.羡慕，妒忌(envious adj.羡慕的，忌妒的)
(1)Knowing that you have got first prize in the speech competition，we are all (envy) of you.
envious
(2)被一对善良而富有的夫妇收养后，他成了所有其他孤儿羡慕的对象。
Having been adopted by a kind and wealthy couple，________________
.
(3)海伦和她青梅竹马的恋人订婚了，这让她的所有朋友都羡慕不已。
Helen was engaged to her childhood sweetheart，___________________
.
he becomes/became
the envy of all other orphans
friends green with envy/envious of her
which made all her
apologis(z)e
·apologise to sb for (doing) sth为(做)某事而向某人道歉
·accept/refuse sb’s apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb an apology＝owe an apology to sb应该向某人表示歉意
make an apology to sb (for...)(为……)向某人道歉
vi.道歉，谢罪；辩白(apology n.道歉；歉意)
3
(1) Additionally，I have been disturbing you by redecorating my room，and as a consequence，I owe an apology you.
to
(2)(应用文写作之道歉信) 我要为错把你的包裹拿回家而向你道歉。我真诚地希望你能接受我的道歉。盼望着你的原谅。
I have to taking your parcel home by mistake.I sincerely hope .Looking forward to your forgiveness.
apologise/make an apology to you for
you can accept my apology
consequence
as a consequence(＝in consequence＝consequently＝as a result)结果，因此
as a consequence of(＝in consequence of＝as a result of)由于……
take the consequences of承担……的后果
n.后果；结果；重要性(consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的consequently adv.因此；结果)
4
(1)由于老师的帮助，我掌握了如何润色我的文章的窍门。在接下来的日子里，我全身心地重写我的文章，直到它让我自己满意为止。因此，我在写作比赛中获得了一等奖，我几乎掩饰不住内心的激动。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
______________________________________________________________
，I got the hang of how to polish my article. ，I devoted myself to rewriting my essay until it satisfied myself._________
，I won first prize in the writing contest and I hardly concealed my inner excitement.
As a consequence of/In consequence of/As a result of my teacher’s
assistance
In consequent days
As a
consequence/As a result/Consequently/In consequence
(2)既然你已经长大，你就应该为自己的不当行为承担后果。
Now that you have grown up，___________________________________
.
you should take the consequences of your
improper behavior
appeal
·appeal to sb for/to do...向某人呼吁……/恳求某人做……
appeal to sb吸引某人；投某人所好
·make an appeal to sb for sth为某事向某人呼吁/恳求
make an appeal to sb to do sth呼吁/恳求某人做某事
v.& n.呼吁，恳请；有吸引力；上诉，申诉 (appealing adj.有吸引力的；恳求的)
(1)He makes philosophical thought an (appeal) exercise that improves the quality of our experiences，and he does so with plenty of humor. (2023·全国甲)
5
appealing
(2)正如短片所展示的那样，英语口语俱乐部自成立以来吸引了无数的学生。几乎所有的俱乐部成员都能与外国人自由交流，所以我呼吁你们马上加入我们的俱乐部。 (2022·天津6月，书面表达)
Just as is shown in the short video clip，the Spoken English Club _____
since it was established.Almost all the club members can communicate with foreigners freely，so I __________
.
has
appealed to numerous students
appeal to
you/make an appeal to you to join our club right away
(3)(应用文写作之倡议书)我们向学生会呼吁更多的课外活动，这不仅会丰富我们的校园生活，也会加强我们的友谊。
We ，which can not only enrich our campus life but also strengthen our friendship.
appeal to the Student Council for more extra-curricular activities
debt
in debt负债
out of debt不欠债
pay off one’s debts还清某人的欠款或债务
n.债务；欠款；人情债
6
(1)With all their debts paid ，the household could finally breathe a sigh of relief.
off
(2)我突然想起我家负债的事实，因此我放下我最爱的玩具，撒腿往家跑去，希望我辛苦挣的钱可以帮助爸爸不再负债。
(2021·浙江6月，读后续写)
The fact that my family was occurred to me，so I dropped my favorite toy and sprang towards my home，hoping that my hard-earned money could help my father stay .
in debt
out of debt
hang out
hang on to保留，保存；不放弃
hang about/around/round闲荡
hang up挂断(电话)
hang on别挂断；稍等；紧紧握住；(在逆境中)坚持，不放弃
闲待，厮混；常去某处
7
(读后续写之片段描写)I (闲逛) with my friends in the nearby woods when a scream of help came.We found that a boy fell into a small cliff，hanging from a tree branch.We knelt down on the ground and comforted him calmly，“ (坚持) for a few moments！Do (抓紧) the branch tightly.” With joint efforts，we pulled him over the cliff and we sighed in relief.Then we dialed his father’s cell phone number and after (挂断电话)，we kept the boy company until his parents arrived.
was hanging out/about/around/round
Hang on
hang on to
hanging up
8
闯入；突然发作；突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等)
burst into
·burst in闯进；突然破门而入
burst out crying(＝burst into tears)突然哭起来
burst out laughing(＝burst into laughter)突然笑起来
burst with anger勃然大怒
·a burst of一阵……
(1)听到这个坏消息，她双手掩面，悲痛大哭起来。
Hearing the bad news，she buried her face in her hands，___________
with deep sorrow.
bursting into
(2)他勃然大怒，冲了进来，发出一声可怕的尖叫。一阵惊恐席卷了我的全身，我僵在原地，一动也不敢动。
He and ，letting out a terrifying shriek.
swept over me and I was frozen to the spot，not daring to move an inch.
用法点拨　短语burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。
tears/bursting out crying
burst with anger
burst in
A burst of panic/fright/terror
9
I might have expected it.I might have known it was all too beautiful to last.I might have known nobody really did want me.我早就应该料到。我早就应该知道这件事太美好，无法持久。我早就应该想到没人真的想要我。
情态动词＋have done
might have done sth本可能做某事而未做；可能做了某事
could have done sth本能够做某事而未做；可能做了某事
should (not) have done sth本(不)应该做某事而未做(做了)
needn’t have done sth本不必做某事而做了
must＋have done对过去的肯定猜测
couldn’t/can’t have done对过去的否定猜测
(1)You have revealed the truth to the public，or he couldn’t have cheated so many people.
(2)I could (leave) a better impression in the interview，but I ignored something important.
(3)You not have apologised to him，because it was not your fault.
(4)If you went to school on foot this morning，you have avoided the accident.
(5)They have worked out a solution to the problem，or they couldn’t be so relaxed and at ease.
should
have left
need
might
must
10
To bed went Matthew.And to bed，when she had put her dishes away，went Marilla，frowning most resolutely.马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子，紧紧地皱着眉头，也回到房间休息了。
介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装
·表示地点的介词短语、作表语的形容词或现在分词置于句首，且主语是
名词时，引起完全倒装。
·在完全倒装句式中，要注意主语的位置，做到主谓一致。
(1)On the outskirts of the city (lie) a new chemical factory.
(2)Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting (be) the impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
(3)(读后续写之场景描写)出席典礼的有许多老师和我们的校长，他们聚精会神地听我发言。
_____________________________________________________________
，who listened to me attentively.
lies
were
Present at/Attending the ceremony were many teachers and our
headmaster
(4)农场前流过一条小河，这条小河给周围的风景增添了更多的美。
，which adds more beauty to the surrounding scenery.
In front of the farm flows a small river
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
1.He appealed① the case five times，always losing，which appealed② to the public’s attention.So he made an appeal③ to the public to do him a favor.
①___ 　②__ __　③_____________　
vt.上诉，申诉
vi.有吸引力
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
基础达标
n.呼吁，恳请
2.Since she adopted① the boy，she has been adopting② a positive and open attitude to educating him.
① 　②_______________________________ 　
vt.收养，领养
vt.采取某种方法、政策、态度等
3.The committed doctor dived① into the hospital and immediately dived② into his work and this was why he was praised by his colleagues and patients.
① 　②_________
vi.扑向，急冲进
vi.投身于
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1.The twins come into conflict each other frequently and it is not surprising that there is an outbreak of quarrel.
2.The official apologised abusing power in the court，but he failed to get others’ forgiveness.
3.He didn’t study the policy in a thorough and systematic way. a consequence，he couldn’t answer the questions about it correspondingly.
4.The experts appealed school kids to have a healthy diet and keep away from junk food.
with
for
As
to
5.It was really depressing that he was heavily debt and didn’t have the capability to pay it off.
6.I am really (envy) of your good luck—it is a blessing to be offered help by a stranger when in trouble.
7.His daughter，who was opposed to the marriage，burst crying with her face buried in her hands.
8.Wendy kept warning his son not to hang at midnight with his so-called friends.
in
envious
out
out
9.With an impatient frown on his face，he sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf random.
10.At the beginning of each paragraph (be) two questions that provoke curiosity.
at
are
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Part Three
应用文增分练
人际交往
作为高三学生的你，肯定在适应高中生活和人际交往方面颇有心得，请你写一篇英语演讲稿，和高一的学弟学妹们谈一谈如何快速适应高中生活以及如何处理好人际关系。
1.当我们步入高中时，我们可能会遇到各种各样的困难，但没有必要为此感到焦虑。(状语从句的省略；there is no need to do...)
_______________________________________________________________
2.在我们将遇到的所有事情中，有一个就是如何与我们的同学和老师好好相处，他们将在这段时间里发挥最大的作用。(介词短语置于句首的倒装句；who引导定语从句)
_______________________________________________________________
应用文增分练
完成句子
3.如果你在高中时没有朋友，你会觉得学校生活像死水一样无聊。(if引导虚拟条件句)
______________________________________________________________ 4.因此，我呼吁你要诚实，避免与同学和老师发生冲突。(consequence；appeal；conflict)
______________________________________________________________
5.此外，一旦你与他人发生冲突，你应该足够勇敢地首先做出真诚的道歉。(apology)
______________________________________________________________
6.最重要的是，我们必须尊重、关心和同情他人，毫不犹豫地向那些需要帮助的人伸出援手。(分词短语作状语)
______________________________________________________________
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
应用文增分练
组句成篇
Good afternoon，everyone!
It is my privilege to stand here to give you a speech on how to adjust to the senior school life and get along well with others.When stepping into the high school，we are likely to meet various difficulties，but there is no need to be anxious about it.
应用文增分练
参考范文
Among all matters we will meet is how to get along well with our classmates and teachers who will make the biggest difference during this period.If you had no friends in high school，you would feel school life as boring as dead water.As a consequence，I make an appeal that you should be honest and avoid conflicting with your classmates and teachers.Besides，once you’ve come into conflict with others，you should be brave enough to make a sincere apology first.Most importantly，we must show respect，concern and sympathy for others，never hesitating to lend a hand to those in need.
Above are my thoughts and suggestions.I hope they will be beneficial to you.Thanks for your listening.
续写积累提能练
教材语料整合
亮词 [情感描写]　envy n.& v.→envious adj.；amazement；despair；resolutely；sorrow
[动作描写]　conflict；hang out；disturb；apologise；adopt；freeze；clasp；burst into；investigate；sigh；shiver；sob；dive；frown；appeal；interrupt
美句 1.But when her eyes fell on the odd little figure in the stiff，ugly dress，with the long red hair and the eager，bright eyes，she froze in amazement.(外貌描写＋动作描写)
2.Sitting down on a chair by the table，throwing her arms on it，and burying her face in them，she proceeded to cry stormily.(动作链描写)
3.“You’re not eating anything，”said Marilla sharply，eying her as if it were a serious problem.(动作描写)
4.The whitewashed walls were so painfully bare.The floor was bare，too.In one corner was the bed，a high，old-fashioned one of dark wood.Midway between table and bed was the window，with an icy white curtain over it.There was no restroom，but there was a wash stand with a faucet in the other corner.The whole room felt cold and unwelcoming，which sent a shiver through Anne’s bones.(环境描写)
美句 5.With a sob she quickly undressed，put on her nightclothes and jumped into bed where she pressed her face down into the pillow and pulled the clothes over her head.(动作链描写)
6.She carefully picked up Anne’s clothes，placed them neatly on a yellow chair，and then，taking up the candle，went over to the bed.(动作链描写)
7.And upstairs，in the east gable，a lonely，heart-hungry，friendless child cried herself to sleep.(人物描写)
动作细节描写：看
续写积累提能练
拓展语料积累
单词 see看见；watch 观看；observe 观察；view 把……视为；spot 注意到，发现
词块 lock one’s eyes on/stare at/gaze at目光锁定/盯着　one’s eyes be fixed on/glued to目光集中于/盯着　take/cast a glance at向……看一眼　look sb straight in the eye直视某人的眼睛　gape at目瞪口呆地看　come into view进入视野　eyes widen睁大眼睛　peep at/through偷看　glance at/around/back/up/down瞥一眼/环视/回头看/向上看/向下看　catch a glimpse of瞥见　steal a glance at偷偷瞥一眼
句型 I tiptoed forward and glanced back over my shoulder from time to time to make sure that no one was following me.我踮着脚尖向前走，不时回头看一眼，以确保没有人在跟踪我。
Seeing no other people notice me，I placed the Christmas present down，pounded the doorbell and then hid quickly behind a big tree，peeping at the doorway.(现在分词短语作状语＋动作链描写)看到没有人注意到我，我放下圣诞礼物，按了按门铃，然后迅速躲在一棵大树后面，向门口窥视。
句型 James came out，glanced around and spotted the box，his eyes widening in surprise.(动作链描写＋独立主格)詹姆斯走了出来，环顾四周，发现了盒子，他惊讶地睁大了眼睛。
Watching what my sons had done，I couldn’t help exclaiming，“How warm-hearted they are！”(现在分词短语作状语)看着儿子们所做的一切，我不禁惊呼：“他们真是太热心了！”
主题：圣诞聚会
续写积累提能练
语料运用
① (with复合结构)，the air was filled with joy and excitement.Everyone was overwhelmed by happiness，talking about the coming Christmas holiday and gifts，②_____________
(分词短语作状语).
随着圣诞节的临近，空气中充满了欢乐和兴奋。每个人都沉浸在幸福之中，谈论着即将到来的圣诞假期和礼物，却没有注意到珍妮泪眼中的悲伤。
With Christmas approaching
not noticing/
spotting the sorrow in Jenny’s tear-stained eyes
Jenny，a girl growing up in an orphanage，was now staying in the corner in the classroom，③ (独立主格)，lost in thought ④ (状语从句的省略).Fortunately，she finally attracted eyes of the monitor，⑤_________
(who引导定语从句).
珍妮是一个在孤儿院长大的女孩，现在她呆在教室的角落里，眼睛盯着光秃秃的墙，陷入了沉思，仿佛处在极度的绝望中。幸运的是，她最终吸引了班长的目光，班长碰巧环顾四周，瞥见了珍妮。
her eyes fixed on/glued to the bare wall
as if in the depths of despair
who
happened to glance around and caught a glimpse of Jenny
She ⑥ and soon realized the reason and gathered her classmates secretly after class，trying to find a perfect way to please Jenny.Finally，they determined to hold a party especially for her.
她直视着珍妮的眼睛，很快就意识到了原因，并在下课后秘密召集同学，试图找到一种完美的方式来取悦珍妮。最后，他们决定专门为她举办一场聚会。
looked Jenny straight in the eye
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