选择性必修 第四册 课前背记本(讲义,共3份)2026届高考英语北师大版(2019)一轮复习

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选择性必修 第四册 课前背记本(讲义,共3份)2026届高考英语北师大版(2019)一轮复习

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UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS
写作词汇运用 词块记忆 1.a scientific theory 一个科学理论 2.press release 新闻发布 3.a parcel delivery 包裹递送 4.household chores 家务活 5.proceed with caution 谨慎行事 6.reveal one’s talent 展现某人的才能 7.frown at me皱着眉头看着我 8.dive and explore the world of corals 潜水并探索珊瑚世界 9.remove all the bones去掉所有骨头 10.a stadium packed with enthusiastic fans 一个挤满了热情球迷的体育场 11.an unbreakable bond 一条牢不可破的纽带 12.clasp her hand tightly紧紧握住她的手 13.let out a sigh of relief松了一口气 14.a look of despair on his face 他脸上绝望的神情 15.shiver in the cold wind在寒风中颤抖 16.sob out her story哭诉她的故事 17.a large amount of debt to pay off 大量要偿还的债务 18.conflict n.抵触,冲突,矛盾;分歧;武装冲突,战斗,战争 vi.冲突;抵触 ①emotional conflict 情感冲突 ②internal conflict 内部矛盾 ③armed conflict 武装冲突 ④conflict with each other双方相互争斗 19.chain n.一连串,一系列;链子,链条 ①a chain of events 一系列事件 ②supply chain 供应链 ③bicycle chain 自行车链条
语境记忆 20.impression n.印象,感想; random adj.随机的,随意的 I’ve only met him once, but my initial impression is that he makes quite random decisions.(人物描写) 我只见过他一次,但我的初步印象是,他做决定相当随意。 21.phrase n.成语,习语;警句 The phrase “Actions speak louder than words” is a good reminder to all of us. (演讲稿) “事实胜于雄辩”这个警句对我们所有人都是一个好的提醒。 22.stiff adj.挺的,硬的,不易弯曲的; freeze vi.& vt.呆住;突然停止;(使)结冰,(使)冻结 As he entered the room, everyone seemed to freeze, their faces stiff with fear.(动作、神情描写) 当他进入房间时,每个人似乎都呆住了,脸因恐惧而变得僵硬。 23.dare n.& vi.胆敢,敢于 She didn’t dare to tell him the truth. (心理描写) 她不敢告诉他真相。 24.bare adj.空的,无装饰的;赤裸的,裸露的; forgiveness n.原谅,宽恕 The room was bare, with no decorations, but on the table lay a letter of forgiveness from his father. (环境描写) 房间是空的,没有装饰品,但桌子上放着一封来自他父亲的原谅信。
阅读词汇明义 快速一览 1.clinic n.诊所,(医院)门诊部 2.gallery n.美术馆,画廊 3.grocery n.超级市场;食品杂货 4.bakery n.面包烘房,糕饼店 5.cafeteria n.(工厂、学校等的)自助餐厅,食堂 6.canteen n.(工厂、学校等的)食堂,餐厅 7.suburb n.郊区,近郊,城郊 8.forum n.(互联网上的)论坛,讨论区;讨论会,电视专题讨论节目 9.intervention n.干涉,干预 work n.人际关系网,联络网;网络,网状系统 11.sociologist n.社会学家 12.bimonthly adj.两月一次的;一月两次的 13.closely-knit adj.紧密联结在一起的 14.outskirts n.市郊,郊区,远离城市中心的地区 15.gable n.山墙,三角墙 16.tear-stained adj.有泪痕的 17.orphan n.孤儿 18.faucet n.水龙头 19.pillow n.枕头 20.resolutely adv.坚决地,坚定地 21.emperor n.皇帝 22.republic n.共和国
教材例句 23.(人教版必修二)Experts investigated the issue,conducted several tests, and then made a proposal for how the buildings could be saved.Finally, a document was signed, and the work began in 1960. n.公文,文件 24.(外研版选择性必修二)I know I could get a bank loan to pay the deposit on my very own apartment,but I don’t feel ready to make that kind of commitment,and I do like my mom’s cooking.I guess some responsibilities are more about attitude than age. n.贷款 25.(译林版选择性必修四)A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction.n.不和,冲突,摩擦
派生词汇识记 1.disagree vi.不同意→disagreement n.意见不合,分歧,争论→agreement n.同意;(意见)一致;协定→agree v.同意 2.envy n.羡慕,忌妒vt.羡慕,妒忌→envious adj.羡慕的,妒忌的 3.encourage vt.鼓励,鼓舞→encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的→encouragement n.鼓励,鼓舞;起激励作用的事物 4.disturb vt.干扰,打扰,使中断→disturbance n.干扰;扰乱→disturbing adj.令人不安的 5.apologise vi.道歉,谢罪→apology n.道歉;歉意 6.add v.增加;添加;补充说明→addition n.添加;增加;加法;[C] 附加物→additional adj.另外的;附加的→additionally adv.除此之外,此外 7.frequent adj.经常的,频繁的→frequently adv.经常地,频繁地→frequency n.频繁;发生率;频率 8.consequent adj.随之发生的;作为结果的→consequently adv.因此;所以→consequence n.后果 9.adopt vi.& vt.收养,领养;采取某种方法、政策、态度等→adoption n.收养;采纳→adopted adj.收养的,领养的 10.amaze vt.使大为吃惊;使感到惊愕→amazing adj.令人惊奇的→amazed adj.惊讶的→amazement n.吃惊,惊奇
第一组
1.hang out       闲待,厮混;闲逛
2.refer to 提到;涉及;指的是;查阅;参考
3.be envious of ... 羡慕/妒忌……
4.make an apology to sb/apologise to sb 向某人道歉
5.come into conflict with 与……发生冲突
6.at random    任意地;随机地
7.in theory 理论上
8.release ...from ... 从……释放,从……放走;免除,解除
9.sort out 挑选出,选出;解决
10.after all 毕竟
第二组
11.be connected to/with 与……有关联;与……有联系
12.in addition to 除……之外(还有)
13.be similar to 与……相似
14.be/get close to 接近,靠近;亲近
15.be involved in 参与;卷入;涉及……
16.burst into 突然……起来(尤指唱歌、哭、笑等)
17.appeal to 吸引
18.participate in 参加,参与
19.no more than 只是,仅仅;不超过
20.as a consequence/in consequence 因此
1.句式:状语从句的省略
原句: ...once released,the results were published in the bimonthly magazine Psychology Today.
……结果一经公布,便发表在双月刊《今日心理学》上。
2.句式:强调句
原句:It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”.
正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。
3.句式:there is no need to do ...没有必要做……
原句:Well, well, there’s no need to cry so about it.
好啦,好啦,没必要为这事儿哭成这样。
4.句式:介词短语位于句首引起完全倒装
原句:To bed went Matthew.And to bed,when she had put her dishes away,went Marilla,frowning most resolutely.
马修上床睡觉了。玛丽拉收拾完盘子,紧紧地皱着眉头,也上床睡觉了。
3 / 3UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE
写作词汇运用 词块记忆 1.a false statement 虚假陈述 2.lack of self-control 缺乏自制力 3.cast a vote 投一票 4.cease operations 停止运营 5.recall an event 回忆起一件事 6.a soldier on duty一名执勤士兵 7.weep for joy 喜极而泣 8.a panic attack 一阵心慌意乱 9.award ceremony 颁奖典礼 10.a permanent resident 一位永久居民 11.make a request 提出一个请求 12.a red carpet 一条红地毯 13.a strong bitter taste一种强烈的苦味 14.plug her ears with her fingers 用手指堵住她的耳朵 15.on the edge of the bed在床沿上 16.a temporary job一份临时的工作 17.at midnight在午夜时分 18.dozens of books很多书籍 19.flee from forest fires从森林火灾中逃生 20.ban smoking in public places 在公共场所禁止吸烟 21.a pile of leaves一堆树叶 22.display modern art展示现代艺术 23.swollen ankles肿胀的脚踝 24.bother vi.& vt.(使)苦恼,(使)担心,(使)生气;打扰,烦扰;麻烦n.麻烦;困难 ①not bother worrying 别费心担忧 ②bother someone for directions 打扰某人问路 ③go to the bother of doing something 费力做某事
续表
写作词汇运用 语境记忆 25.somewhat adv.有点,有几分 Her reply was somewhat vague, which made us doubt her statement. (人物、动作描写) 她的回答有些含糊,这使我们对她的说法产生了怀疑。 26.anyhow adv.(非正式)尽管如此;至少 I forgot my umbrella, but I had to get to the store anyhow. (动作描写) 我忘了带雨伞,但我无论如何都得去商店。 27.keen adj.着迷的,有强烈兴趣的 “I’ve always been keen on collecting stamps; it’s more than just a hobby for me, it’s a passion,” he said. (语言描写) 他说:“我一直都很喜欢收集邮票;这对我来说不仅仅是一种爱好,更是一种热情。” 28.arrest vt.逮捕,拘捕;抑制;阻止 They have arrested the spread of the disease. (报道) 他们已经控制住了疾病的蔓延。 29.pray vi.& vt.祈求;祈祷 She prayed that her illness would not be serious. (动作、心理描写) 她祈祷她的病情不要太严重。 30.incident n.(尤指不平常的、重要的或暴力的)事件 She was deeply affected by the incident and had nightmares for weeks. (人物描写) 这次事件对她影响深远,她连续几周都做噩梦。 31.detect vt.发现,察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物); monitor vt.监督;监视;监测,检测n.显示器,监视器 A new device can detect harmful pollutants in the air and monitor their levels in real-time. 一种新的设备可以发现空气中的有害污染物,并实时监测它们的水平。 32.pack vi.& vt.打包n.包,包裹;firmly adv.坚定地,坚决地,牢固地 It’s essential to pack them firmly to avoid any breakage. (建议信) 至关重要的是要牢固地打包以避免任何破裂问题的发生。
阅读词汇明义 快速一览 1.compromise n.折中,妥协 2.tank n.(储存液体或气体的)箱,罐 3.drummer n.鼓手 4.drum vi.击鼓,打鼓 n.鼓 5.property n.房产;所有物;财产 6.chorus n.齐声;副歌;合唱团 7.remote adj.偏僻的,偏远的 8.tailor n.(男装)裁缝 9.literally adv.确实地 10.balcony n.阳台 11.unsuspecting adj.无提防之心的,无疑心的 12.bomb n.炸弹 13.general n.将军,上将 14.trench n.战壕,堑壕 15.frontier n.国界,边境 16.murder n.谋杀,凶杀;谋杀罪 17.border n.国界,边界;边境地区 18.civilian n.平民,老百姓 19.identification n.身份证明(文件) 20.tobacco n.烟叶,烟草 21.cigarette n.香烟 22.alcohol n.含酒精饮品;酒 23.obesity n.肥胖(症) 24.tax n.税,税款
教材例句 25.(人教版必修二)To Zhaxi, the land is sacred and protecting the wildlife is a way of life.“We’re not trying to save the animals,” he says.“Actually, we’re trying to save ourselves.” adj.神圣的 26.(外研版选择性必修二)When we visited the ward the next morning,we were amazed to see that against all odds,both boys were still alive.Pascal and Daniel have since made a full recovery.n.病房 27.(译林版选择性必修二)Surgeons are already using robotic technology with VR to perform complex surgery. n.外科医生
续表
派生词汇识记 1.negotiate vi.& vt.谈判,协商→negotiation n.谈判,协商 2.inquire vi.& vt.询问,打听→inquiry n.询问,打听 3.resolve vt.解决(问题、困难);决定→resolution n.决定;解决→resolutely adv.坚决地;坚定地 4.annoy vt.使生气,惹恼→annoying adj.讨厌的,令人气恼的→annoyed adj.烦恼的,生气的 5.inconvenience n.不便,麻烦→inconvenient adj.不方便的→convenience n.方便,便利→convenient adj.方便的 6.shame n.羞耻,惭愧→ashamed adj.内疚的,惭愧的,羞耻的→shameful adj.可耻的;丢脸的 7.mature adj.成熟的→maturity n.成熟→immature adj.不成熟的 8.assign vt.分配,分派,指派(任务)→assignment n.任务 9.complain v.抱怨;投诉→complaint n.投诉 10.warn v.警告→warning n.警告,警示;告诫 11.depart v.离开,出发→departure n.离开,起程 12.prejudice n.偏见 vt.使怀有偏见;损害→prejudiced adj.有偏见的,有成见的,歧视的 13.please v.使高兴→pleased adj.高兴的;满意的→pleasant adj.礼貌而友善的,和蔼可亲的→pleasure n.高兴,愉快,乐趣,乐事 14.violence n.暴力行为,暴力→violent adj.暴力的;猛烈的→violently adv.激烈地,剧烈地;凶猛地,暴力地 15.tolerate vt.忍受;忍耐;容忍,容许;宽容→tolerance n.容忍;忍受;宽容→tolerant adj.宽容的;容忍的 16.withdraw vi.& vt.(使)退出(活动、组织等);提,取;撤回→withdrawal n.撤回;收回;退出 17.represent vt.代表;象征→representative n.代表,代理人 18.greet vt.问候,迎接,招呼→greeting n.问候,招呼 19.mud n.泥,烂泥→muddy adj.多泥的,泥泞的 20.distribute vt.分发,分配,分送→distribution n.分配;分布 21.appreciate vt.感激;欣赏;领会→appreciation n.感激→appreciative adj.欣赏的 22.fry vt.& vi.油炸,油煎n.炸薯条→fried adj.油炸的,油煎的 23.harm vt.伤害 n.损害,危害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 24.desire n.渴望;欲望vt.渴望;期望→desirable adj.理想的,值得拥有的;值得做的 25.invest vi.& vt.投资→investment n.投资 26.conclude vt.作出结论,推断出→conclusion n.结论;推论 27.benefit n.利益;好处 v.使获益;受益于→beneficial adj.有利的,有帮助的,有用的 28.recover v.恢复;痊愈→recovery n.康复,痊愈 29.loose adj.松的;宽大的→loosely adv.松散地;宽松地→loosen v.放松;(使)变松;松开(手等) 30.greed n.贪欲,贪婪→greedy adj.贪婪的
第一组
1.come into conflict with ... 与……产生冲突
2.to one’s annoyance 令人生气的是
3.be/feel ashamed of ... 因……感到惭愧
4.under negotiation 在谈判中,在协商中
5.bother sb with/about sth 因某事打扰或麻烦某人
6.tolerate doing sth 容忍做某事
7.on the edge of ... 在……边缘
8.take action 采取措施
9.be exposed to 暴露于;接触到
10.have an influence on ... 对……有影响
第二组
11.drive sb mad   让人发疯,让人生气
12.in a flash 立刻,一瞬间
13.withdraw from ... 从……退出;从……撤离
14.put forward 提议,提出;推荐
15.respond to 响应;回答
16.greet sb with ... 用……跟某人打招呼
17.a ban on/against ...   对……的禁令
18.be of benefit to 对……有好处
19.make a recovery from ... 从……中恢复
20.machine gun 机关枪
1.句式:“being+形容词”作状语
原句:Being single,Ma Ming often held parties at night, but the biggest problem was his tendency to drum late at night.
马明是个单身汉,经常在晚上开派对,但最大的问题是他常常打鼓到深夜。
2.句式:not only ...but also ...不仅……而且……
原句:She added that it wasn’t only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them, but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks.
她还说,困扰他们的不仅是史密斯给植物浇水时洒到阳台上的水,还有他清理鱼缸的方式。
3.句式:as+形容词+a/an+名词+as 像……一样
原句:By the look of them, their trenches were in as bad a state as our own.从样子上可以看出,他们的战壕和我们的一样糟糕。
4.句式:happen to do sth碰巧做某事
原句:The general was coming to give him the award because he happened to be number 20,000 to come through this hospital.
将军是来给他颁奖的,因为他正好是进入这家医院的第两万个病人。
5.句式:动词-ing短语作主语
原句:In addition, drinking alcohol results in a wide range of diseases.
此外,饮酒会导致各种各样的疾病。
1 / 3UNIT 12 INNOVATION
写作词汇运用 词块记忆 1.emotional well-being情感健康 2.split the difference各让一步 3.perceive a difference注意到差异 4.positive outcome积极的结果 5.emerge endlessly 层出不穷 6.decline an offer拒绝一个提议 7.sort the garbage将垃圾分类 8.outspoken nature直言不讳的性格 9.remain humble 保持谦虚 10.grand mountains宏伟的山脉 11.overcome vt.克服(困难),控制(感情);征服,战胜 ①overcome adversity克服逆境 ②overcome anxiety控制焦虑 ③overcome the enemy战胜敌人 12.joint adj.联合的,共同的,共有的 ①joint efforts 共同努力 ②joint responsibility共同的责任 13.launch vt.发射;发动,发起,开始从事 ①launch a satellite发射一颗卫星 ②launch a campaign发起一场运动
语境记忆 14.device n.设备,装置;修辞手段;instant adj.立刻的,马上的 This new device is designed to provide instant access to the Internet. (事物介绍) 这款新设备旨在提供即时上网。 15.million num.百万 The population of this city has reached ten million.(地点介绍) 这座城市的人口已经达到了一千万。
续表
阅读词汇明义 快速一览 1.vitamin n.维生素 2.labour-saving adj.节省劳力的 3.microscope n.显微镜 4.correspond vi.通信 5.satellite n.人造卫星;卫星 6.orbit n.轨道 vi.& vt.沿轨道运行 7.particle n.粒子,质点 8.premier adj.最好的;最重要的 9.subsequently adv.后来,随后 10.relativity n.相对性 11.mould n.霉,霉菌 12.penicillin n.青霉素,盘尼西林 13.navy n.海军 14.missile n.导弹,飞弹 15.physicist n.物理学家 16.tube n.圆管,管子;电视显像管,阴极射线管 17.circuit n.电路,线路;环形道路 18.coincidence n.运气;巧合 19.incubation n.孵化 20.PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) n.博士学位 21.cosmology n.宇宙论,宇宙学 22.kettle n.水壶,壶 23.revolution n.彻底变革,革命 24.fibre n.(木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维
教材例句 25.(人教版选择性必修一)Riding on the only steam engine still working in the southeastern United States is a special treat.n.蒸汽动力 26.(译林版选择性必修四)Doing volunteer work at a local nursing home brings love and warmth to the elderly.Just like the “starfish boy”, you may even inspire people around you to do the same, which is an added bonus. n.意外收获,额外的好处;奖金;红利 27.(外研版选择性必修三)He seemed to be waiting for Jimmy to say something, then he said, “You know what a dog is, Jimmy.It’s the real thing.Robutt’s only a mechanical imitation, a robot-mutt.That’s how he got his name.”adj.机械的
派生词汇识记 1.entertain v.招待;使快乐;娱乐→entertaining adj.有趣的→entertainment n.娱乐活动,娱乐节目 2.gift n.天赋,天才,才能;礼物→gifted adj.有天赋的,有才华的 3.produce v.生产 n.农产品→product n.产品;产物→production n.生产;产量→productive adj.多产的;丰饶的;富有成效的 4.science n.科学→scientist n.科学家→scientific adj.科学(上)的 5.donate vi.& vt.捐献(器官),献(血);捐赠,捐献→donation n.捐赠,捐献→donor n.捐赠者 6.accurate adj.正确的,准确的→accurately adv.准确地→accuracy n.准确性;精准度;正确,准确 7.efficient adj.高效的→efficiently adv.有效率地,高效能地→inefficient adj.效率低的→efficiency n.效率 8.propose vt.提出(某观点、方法等)→proposal n.提议;建议;求婚 9.clue n.线索;提示→clueless adj.一无所知的,一窍不通的 10.evaluate v.评价,评估→evaluation n.评估,评价 11.theory n.理论;学说→theoretical adj.理论的 12.boil vi.& vt.(使)沸腾,煮沸;(用开水)煮 n.沸腾→boiling adj.炎热的;炽热的→boiled adj.煮沸的,煮熟的 13.improve v.改善;提高→improvement n.改善,改进;改进之处 14.available adj.可利用的;可得到的→availability n.可能性 15.explode vi.& vt.(使)爆炸;急剧增长→explosion n.爆炸→explosive adj.(易)爆炸的 16.mass n.大量,大宗;质量adj.大量的→massive adj.巨大的;非常严重的
派生词汇识记 17.sail v.航行,起航→sailor n.水手,海员→sailing n.帆船运动;航行 18.illustrate vt.说明,阐明;给(书籍、文章等)加插图→illustration n.说明,阐明 19.regulate vt.控制,管理→regulation n.规则;规章;管理 20.preserve vt.保存(食物),腌制;维护,保护 n.腌菜,果酱→preservation n.维护;保存 21.specific adj.特别的;具体的;明确的→specifically adv.特定地,专门地 22.electric adj.用电的,带电的,电动的→electrical adj.电的,与电有关的→electronic adj.电子的→electricity n.电;电能
第一组
1.entertain sb with sth  用某物使某人快乐
2.have a gift/talent for ... 有……天赋
3.think outside the box 打破陈规
4.donate sth to sb/sth 向……捐赠某物
5.in an instant 立刻
6.correspond to/with ... 与……相一致/符合
7.figure out 弄清楚,搞明白
8.single out 单独挑出;特别选出
9.be dedicated to 致力于……
第二组
10.not to mention    更不用说
11.range from ...to ... 范围从……到……
12.be involved in 参与/卷入,涉及
13.bury oneself in 埋头于
14.draw one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
15.in spite of 虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……)
16.be available to 可被……利用或得到的
17.explode with anger 勃然大怒
1.句式:the way 作先行词的定语从句
原句: ...and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
……我们的通信方式从写信变成了发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
2.句式:with+宾语+宾语补足语
原句:Human life on this planet has been transformed into a “global village”,with all the different countries linked in the chain of common interests.
不同国家因共同利益而连接起来,使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。
3.句式:not ...until ...直到……才……
原句:It was invented in the 1960s,but it wasn’t widely used until the 1990s.
它是在20世纪60年代被发明的,但直到20世纪90年代才被广泛使用。
4.句式:形容词(短语)作状语
原句:This hole led to another universe, completely separate from our own.
这种洞通向另一个宇宙,与我们的世界完全分隔。
5.句式:as引导的时间状语从句
原句:As the water boiled, the steam made the top of the kettle bounce up and down.
当水沸腾时,水蒸气使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。
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