资源简介

(共173张PPT)
UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
选择性必修1
目录
CONTENTS
迁移应用—过阅读关
03.
发展提升—过表达关
04.
自主学习—过识记关
01.
课堂学案—过词汇关
02.
课下双测—过高考关
05.
1
自主学习—过识记关
|背|单|词|
一、阅读单词(明其义)
1．physiology n．　 　 生理学；生理机能
2．botanical adj. 植物学的
3．property n． 性质；特征；财产
4．boil vt.& vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开
n. 沸腾；沸点
5．liquid n． 液体
adj. 液体的；液态的
6．substance n． 物质；物品；事实根据
7．flow n． 流；流动；流畅；供应
vi. 流；流动
8．chart n． 图表
vt. 记录；制订计划
9．politician n． 从政者；政治家；政客
10．formula n． 公式；方程式；配方
11．genius n． 天才；天资；天赋
12．patent n． 专利；专利证书；获得专利
adj. 有专利的；受专利保护的
13．doctorate n． 博士学位
14．institution n． 社会公共机构；制度；习俗
15．institute n． (教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑
16．moustache n． 上唇的胡子；髭
17．peculiarity n． 个性；特点；怪异的性质
18．mourn vt.& vi. 哀悼；忧伤
19．device n． 方法；技巧；装置；仪器
20．draft n． 草稿；草案
vt. 起草；草拟
二、核心单词(书写准)
1．vital adj.　　　　　 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
2．obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得
vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行
3．defeat n． 失败；挫败
vt. 击败；战胜
4．insist vi.& vt. 坚持；坚决要求
5．mostly adv. 主要地；一般地
6．flee vi.& vt. 迅速离开；逃跑
7．circumstance n． [pl.]条件；环境；状况
8．found vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在
9．infer vt. 推断；推定
10．numerous adj. 众多的；许多的
11．theory n． 理论；学说
12．passion n． 酷爱；激情
13．extraordinary adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
14．encounter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到
n． 邂逅；遭遇
15．professor n． 教授
16．sum vi. 总结；概括
n． 金额；款项；总数；总和
三、变形单词(晓其变)
1．crucial adj.　　 至关重要的；关键性的
crucially adv. 关键地；至关重要地
2．commit vt. 承诺；保证 vi.忠于；
全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
commitment n. 承诺；保证；投入；奉献
3．academy n. 研究院；学会；专科院校
academic adj. 学业的；学术的
academically adv. 学术上；学业上
4．object n． 目标；物体；宾语；(研究等)对象
vt. 提出……作为反对的理由vi.反对； 不赞成
objective n. 目标；目的adj.客观的
objection n. 反对；异议
5．evaluate vt. 评价；评估
evaluation n. 评价；评估
6．distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的
distinction n. 区分；差别；特点
7．acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢
8．analyse vt. 分析
analysis n. 分析； 分析结果
9．apparent adj. 明显的；显而易见的
apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然
10．science n. 科学
scientific adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的
scientist n. 科学家
11．conclude vt. 推断出；结束；终止
conclusion n. 结论；推论
12．novel n. (长篇)小说
novelist n. 小说家
13．relative adj. 相对的 n．亲属
relatively adv. 相对地
relativity n. 相对论；相对性
14．gentle adj. 温柔的；文静的
gently adv. 温柔地；文静地
15．gradual adj. 逐渐的；逐步的
gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
16．consequence n. 结果；后果
consequent adj. 随之发生的
consequently adv. 因此；所以
17．remark n. 评述；言论v.评论；说起；谈论
remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的
四、同“族”词汇(巧积累)
1．-ian“人物”登场
①politician　　政治家　　 ②magician　　魔术师
③electrician 电工 ④technician 技术员
⑤physician 内科医生 ⑥musician 音乐家
2．-ous变“形”
①numerous adj.　　　　　　众多的
②nervous adj. 焦虑的
③generous adj. 慷慨的
④humorous adj. 幽默的
⑤anxious adj. 渴望的
⑥ambitious adj. 有雄心的
3．-sion成“名”
①conclusion　 结论　　 ②passion　　 酷爱；激情
③impression 印象 ④possession 拥有
⑤admission 承认 ⑥confusion 困惑；混淆
|背|短|语|
1．lead to　　　　　　　 　 导致；通向
2．insist on 坚决要求
3．commit oneself to 承诺；保证；专心致志于
4．make sure 确保
5．make contributions to 对……作贡献
6．come to power (开始)掌权；上台
7．take up a position 担任；任职
8．make great achievements 取得巨大的成就
9．pass away 去世
10．put forward 提出；推荐；将……提前
11．in particular 尤其；特别
12．sum up 总结；概括
13．be based on 以……为基础/根据
14．as a consequence 因此；结果
15．come to a conclusion 得出结论
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，学高级句式
1．Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said ...(upon/on doing ...)
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说……
2．He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.
(独立主格结构)
他为世界作出了无数的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E＝mc2。
二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达
单元主题：对社会有突出贡献的人物
1．He is considered as an outstanding scientist, whose research achievements play an increasingly significant role in the development of science.
他被认为是一位杰出的科学家，他的研究成果在科学发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用。
2．Not only did he find an effective solution，but he inspired countless volunteers to join him.
他不仅找到了一个有效的解决方案，而且鼓励了无数的志愿者加入他的行列。
3．His dedication to work and to people is admirable, which truly inspires me to become a person like him in the future.
他对工作和对人民的奉献令人钦佩，这确实激励着我将来要成为一个像他这样的人。
|背|语|段|
以读促写：情感表达之“高兴”
Lucy nodded cheerfully. Madison put her arm around Lucy's shoulders, both smiling. With applause and laughter echoing through the house, Lucy joined the other girls to enjoy the party.
罗茜惬意地点点头，麦迪逊抱住她的双肩，两人都笑了。掌声、笑声回荡在屋里，罗茜和其他女孩一起享受着聚会的快乐。
高分 悟道 本段中使用了“cheerfully, smiling, laughter, enjoy”等词，通过描写人物的各种笑容，表达了高兴的情绪。
高分 有招 常见的表示“高兴”的高分词块有：
in a good mood　　　　　心情很好
in high/cheerful spirits 兴高采烈
roar with laughter 放声大笑
to one's delight/joy 令某人开心的是
be all smiles 喜笑颜开
beam with pleasure 喜不自胜
be seized by joy 欢欣鼓舞
一、默写核心单词
1．play a _____ role 起着极其重要的作用
2．______ evidence　　　　　　 获得证据
3．______ the champion 击败冠军
4．_____ on the highest standards 坚持最高标准
5．depend _______on weather 主要取决于天气
vital
obtain
defeat
insist
mostly
6．____ his homeland 逃离他的祖国
7．in certain _____________ 在一定条件下
8．______ a club 创建一家俱乐部
9．_____ from the text 从文章中推断
10．overcome _________ difficulties 战胜无数的困难
flee
circumstances
found
infer
numerous
11．apply _______ to practice 把理论运用于实践
12．have a _______ for art 酷爱艺术
13．an ____________ achievement 一项非凡的成就
14．_________ many difficulties 遇到许多困难
15．a chemistry _________ 一位化学教授
16．a _____ of money 一笔钱
theory
passion
extraordinary
encounter
professor
sum
二、默写变形单词
(依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式)
commit
committed
commitment
object
objective/object
objection
evaluate
evaluation
acknowledge
acknowledgement
apparent
apparently
conclude
conclusion
relative
relatively
relativity
gentle
gently
gradual
gradually
consequences
consequent
consequently
remark
remarkable
三、默写重点短语
1．______　　　　　　　　 导致；通向
2．_______ 坚决要求
3．________________ 承诺；保证；专心致志于
4．___________________ 对……作贡献
5．_____________ (开始)掌权；上台
6．________________ 担任；任职
lead to
insist on
commit oneself to
make contributions to
come to power
take up a position
7．______________________ 取得巨大的成就
8．_________ 去世
9．___________ 提出；推荐；将……提前
10．_______ 总结；概括
11．_______________ 因此；结果
12．__________________ 得出结论
make great achievements
pass away
put forward
sum up
as a consequence
come to a conclusion
四、默写经典句式(完成句子)
1．_____________ that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said ...
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说……
Upon hearing
2．He made numerous contributions to the world, _____________
______________________________________ and the famous formula E＝mc2.
他为世界作出了无数的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E＝mc2。
the most well-
known being the general theory of relativity
2
课堂学案—过词汇关
一、变形词汇——练清易错微点　
1．As the small boat moved ______(gentle) along the river, he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
2．___________ (apparent), blindly following other's advice will affect our own judgment.
3．From these facts we can draw a conclusion that we ought to adopt a more _________(science) approach to preserving the traditional customs.
gently
Apparently
scientific
4．With some wild animals __________(gradual) dying out, the present situation deserves the highest attention.
5．With the teacher's generous help, I learned the way of the data ________(analyse)．
6．At the school stage, the impact of family and school is _______
(crucial) important.
gradually
analysis
crucially
7．Within ten minutes, the group was back on land.The man they had saved was taken to the hospital for __________(evaluate)．
8．It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class __________(distinct)．
evaluation
distinction
易错微点
1．apparently 此处是副词作状语，修饰后面的整个句子。其形容词apparent意为“显然的”，常用于句型It is apparent that ...
2．evaluate常用来表示对某个活动、某件事情进行评估或者评判。后面加名词表示对某事物进行评价或评估；后面加副词表示评估的方式。
3．distinction可以用于表达两个或多个事物之间的区别或差异，与between或in等介词搭配。如make a distinction between A and B“区分A和B”。
二、重点词汇——练后拓展归纳　
1．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
①(道歉信)I am busy preparing for my final exam, _____________________, so I cannot keep the appointment.
我正忙着准备期末考试，这对我来说极为重要，所以我不能赴约了。
which is vital for/to me
②(话题写作之科技发展)As is known to all, ___________________
________________, from which we will benefit a lot.
众所周知，互联网对我们至关重要，我们将从中受益很多。
③(主旨升华句)If we are to make a difference in life, ______________
_____________ with small things.
如果我们要使生活有所改变，重要的是我们应该从小事开始。
the Internet is of vital
importance to us
it's vital that we
(should) begin
be vital for/to ... 对……极为重要
be of vital importance to ... 对……至关重要
It is vital that sb.(should) do sth. 某人做某事是极其重要的
名师指津：在句型“it is vital that ...”中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”， should可以省略。
2．commit vt.承诺；保证；做出(错事)；犯(罪)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
①With the objective of being admitted to her dream academy，she is ___________ to working hard every day and I firmly believe that her ____________ will pay off one day.(commit)
②He was so selfless that he committed himself to ______ (do) voluntary work to help people in need all the time.
committed
commitment
doing
③(写作增分句)I _______________________in front of my classmates when answering the question, and my face turned red with embarrassment. Only then did I make up my mind to _____________________.
当我回答这个问题时，我在同学面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误，我尴尬地满脸通红。直到那时，我才下定决心专心致志地学习。
committed a silly mistake
commit myself to study
(1)commit a mistake/a crime　　　 犯错误/犯罪
commit oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于(做)某事；
承诺/保证 (做)某事
(2)commitment n． 承诺；保证；奉献；投入
make a commitment 做出承诺
(3)committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事
3．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢；(微笑、挥手等)致意；告知收悉；认可
①The professor is acknowledged ___ one of the world's greatest physicists.
②(感谢信)________________________________, without whom I couldn't have made such great progress in English.
我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我的英语不可能取得这么大的进步。
as
I acknowledge my English teacher
③(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)________________________________ _____ shared bicycles have become a popular choice in cities, providing an eco-friendly and cost-effective way to travel short distances.
共享单车已成为城市的热门选择，为短途旅行提供了一种环保且经济高效的方式，这是大家公认的。
It is universally/widely acknowledged
that
(1)acknowledge (doing) sth.　　　承认(做了)某事
acknowledge that ... 承认……
acknowledge ...to be/as ... 认为……是……
It is universally/widely acknowledged that ...
……是大家所公认的
(2)acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢
4．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
①The police officer insisted that he ______________(disobey) the traffic rules and ________________ (fine)．
had disobeyed
(should) be fined
②(情节描写)我妈妈坚持要把视频发到网上，所以我只好让步了。(一句多译)
→My mother___________________________________________, so I had to give in to her.(insist that)
→My mother________________________________, so I had to give in to her.(insist on)
insisted that the video (should) be posted online
insisted on posting the video online
insist on doing sth.　　　　 坚决要求做某事；执意继续做某事
insist that ... (should) do 坚决要求……做
名师指津：insist表示“坚决要求，坚决主张”后跟宾语从句时，从句要使用虚拟语气，表示尚未实现的事，句型结构为insist that＋主语＋(should)＋(not) do sth.；表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句则采用陈述语气。
5.conclusion n．结论；推论
①The famous novelist concluded his speech _____ a distinguished saying, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
②(征文投稿)_____________, I like everything in spring, especially the feelings of being bathed in the rain or sunshine.
总之，我喜欢春天的一切，尤其是沐浴在雨中或阳光中的感觉。
with
In conclusion
③(主旨升华句)从这件事我们可以得出这样的结论：我们应该珍惜当下，充实地过好每一天。(一句多译)
→From the incident we _____________________________ we should cherish the present moment and live every day to the fullest.(conclusion)
→We ________________________________ we should cherish the present moment and live every day to the fullest.(conclude)
can come to the conclusion that
can conclude from the incident that
(1)in conclusion　 最后；总之
draw/reach/arrive at/come to a conclusion 得出结论
(2)conclude vt. 推断出；结束；终止
conclude ...with sth./by doing sth. 以……结束……
conclude from ... 从……中得出结论
联想发散：表示“总之”的短语还有：
in a word, in short, all in all, to sum up, in brief等。
6．circumstance n．(常用复数)条件；环境；状况
①(话题写作之人物介绍)Whatever difficulties he encounters,
_______________________________________________.(倒装句)
无论他遇到什么困难，他决不认输。
under/in no circumstances will he acknowledge defeat
②(一句多译)如果情况允许的话，我会立即采取行动实现我的梦想。
→___________________________, I will take immediate action to achieve my dream.(条件状语从句)
→_______________________________, I will take immediate action to achieve my dream.(独立主格结构)
If circumstances permit/allow
Circumstances permitting/allowing
under/in no circumstances　 决不(置于句首，用部分倒装)
if circumstances permit/allow 如果情况允许
under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下
7．consequence n．结果；后果；重要性
①My grandfather was under treatment in hospital.____________ (consequent), I had to take care of him.
②(情节描写)I carelessly got the plan ruined, and ______________
______________________________________.
我不小心把计划搞砸了，因此我必须承担后果。
Consequently
consequently/in
consequence I had to take the consequences
③(感谢信)Thanks to your generous help, my English has improved greatly.______________________________, I do appreciate your help from the bottom of my heart.
多亏您的慷慨帮助，我的英语进步很大。因此，我的确从心底感激您的帮助。
As a consequence/In consequence
(1)as a consequence＝in consequence　　因此；结果
as a consequence of＝in consequence of 由于……的缘故
face/take the consequences 面对/承担后果
(2)consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的
consequently adv. 所以；因此
三、重点短语——练后查找疏漏　
put forward提出；提议；建议；推荐；将……提前；拨快(时钟指针)
　(用put的相关短语填空)
①Some students expressed their great concern for the situation of wild animals, and others ____________a wide variety of measures to protect them.
put forward
②So, my dad and I _______ our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains.
③It's high time that we _________our phones and read more books.
④He won't ____________ anyone questioning his decisions.
⑤The next morning, Billy ______ notices in the park to find the dog's owner.
put on
put aside
put up with
put up
put aside 储存；不考虑；留出；把……放在一边
put ( ...) down (把……)放下；写下；平息(叛乱等)
put up 建造；提供；抬高；张贴；留宿；提高(价格)
put up with 忍受；容忍
put on 表演(节目)；穿上；戴上；增加(体重)
四、一词多义——语境中辨词义(对应右栏词义填代码)　
1.①I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.___ ②Please acknowledge receipt of this letter as soon as possible. ___ ③He is widely acknowledged to be one of the great scientists in the world. ___ ④I did not acknowledge that he had done anything wrong. ___ 1.acknowledge
A．vt.承认
B．vt.告知收悉
C．vt.(公开)感谢
D．vt.认可

C
B
D
A
2.①I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I'll put him forward as a candidate. ___ ②They have put forward the date of their meeting by one week. ___ ③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes to avoid coming late. ___ ④The plan put forward in the last meeting isn't accepted by everyone. ___ 2.put forward
A．提出；提议
B．建议；推荐
C．将……提前
D．拨快(时钟指针)

B
C
D
A
3.①I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn't want to take up too much of your time. ___ ②After he retired, he took up gardening. ___ ③She took up the story where Tim had left off. ___ ④We took up some sticks to fight against the bear. ___ ⑤The young man was persuaded to take up the girl's challenge. ___ 3.take up
A．开始从事
B．拿起
C．继续
D．占用
E．接受
D
B
A
C
E
数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段
3
迁移应用—过阅读关
(说明：文中加蓝词汇为本单元主题词汇)
(2025·曲阜师大附中高三模拟)The 2023 Nobel Prize in economics has been awarded to economic historian Claudia Goldin at Harvard University, “for having advanced our understanding of women's labor market outcomes.” Goldin's work has helped to explain why women have been under-represented in the labor market for at least the past two centuries, and why even today they continue to earn less than men on average by around 13%.
Goldin mined 200 years of data to analyze how changes in women's participation in the labor force have been influenced by social, political and technological change over the past two centuries. Before Goldin's studies, it was widely acknowledged that the increase in the percentage of women in work over the course of the 20th century was a reflection of economic growth — higher growth meant more females could be employed.But by looking back carefully at historical records,
Goldin showed that the percentage of married women involved in paid work was at least as high in the late 18th century as it is today. She also demonstrated that although work opportunities for women expanded in the 20th century, they were not made use of as much as they could have been.
Goldin has also shown that gender inequalities in pay have not followed a simple relationship with economic growth. The earning divide between different genders was smaller during the industrial revolution during 1820－1850; the divide changed little between 1930 and 1980. Goldin showed in 2010 that being a mother has a key role in keeping pay inequality, largely through loss of earnings when women quit work in favor of raising children.
“The strength of her work comes from combining reliable historical data with insights from economic theories of wage determination, employment, discrimination and political economy，” says economist Claudia Olivetti at Dartmouth College. “I am delighted to see Goldin's work recognized. She has been such an inspiration to many women and young researchers. Leading with passion, curiosity and integrity, she taught us to be brave and go for the big questions. Thanks to Goldin's research, some companies are now starting to change their practices with the introduction of flexible, family-friendly working arrangements.”
[精题评价]
[价值导向]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2023年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者Claudia Goldin对女性劳动力市场的研究。尽管现在提倡男女就业平等，但Goldin分析大量的历史数据后发现男女在工资收入水平、就业机会等方面还存在较大的差距。Goldin的研究成果对当今的社会经济有很大的指导意义，同时也引导学生对未来的经济形势、就业趋势等有一个清醒的认识。
1．Which aspect of the economy does Claudia Goldin focus on in her work
A．The labor market.
B．The political economy.
C．The employment inequality.
D．The gender pay gap.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“‘for having advanced our understanding of women's labor market outcomes.’．.. by around 13%”和下文内容可知，Claudia Goldin利用大量可靠的历史数据，并结合现代的经济学分析方法研究性别引起的收入差异、影响女性就业的因素等。故选D。
2．What did Goldin's analysis of the 200-year data say
A．More working women reflect economic growth.
B．Jobs have been the same in the past two centuries.
C．Economic growth doesn't bring more women into employment.
D．Female labor forces have changed greatly since the 18th century.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的第二句和“Goldin showed that ... they could have been.”可知，在Goldin的研究之前，人们普遍认为20世纪女性劳动力参与率的提高是经济增长的反映——经济增长意味着更多女性会被雇用。但通过仔细回顾历史记录，Goldin 表明在18世纪末，从事有薪工作的已婚女性的比例至少和现在一样高，她还表明，尽管20 世纪的女性工作机会增多，但并未被充分利用。由此可推知，经济增长并没有使更多女性进入职场。故选C。
3．What is the major factor in the earning divide according to Goldin
A．Marriage.　　　　　 B．Parenthood.
C．Economic growth. D.Industrial revolution.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Goldin showed in 2010 that being a mother ... in favor of raising children.”可知，Goldin在2010年表示成为母亲在维持收入不平等中起着关键作用，主要是因为女性放弃工作来抚养孩子带来了收入损失。故选 B。
√
4．What is Claudia Olivetti's comment referred to in the last paragraph
A．To show Goldin's influence.
B．To praise Goldin for her bravery.
C．To explain reasons for Goldin's success.
D．To prove Goldin's insights into economy.
√
解析：推理判断题。文章的最后一段引用了经济学家 Claudia Olivetti 的话“She has been such an inspiration to many women and young researchers ... she taught us to be brave and go for the big questions. Thanks to Goldin's research ... the introduction of flexible, family-friendly working arrangements”，由此可知，她赞扬Goldin的工作，并表示Goldin鼓舞了许多女性和年轻研究者，这些都揭示了Goldin的影响力。因此，A 项“为了说明Goldin的影响力”正确。
[语篇精读]
一、理文脉，把握文章大意
本文是一篇说明文，采用了“总—分”的语篇结构。
二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的词性及含义)
①(合成词)Goldin's work has helped to explain why women have been under-represented in the labor market for at least the past two centuries ... ___________________
adj.代表人数不足的
②(熟词生义)Goldin mined 200 years of data to analyze how changes in women's participation in the labor force have been influenced by social, political and technological change over the past two centuries.________
③(熟词生义)The earning divide between different genders was smaller during the industrial revolution during 1820－1850._______
vt.发掘
n.差异
2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)
①on average　　　　　　　 _________
②over the course of the 20th century ___________
③(be) involved in _____
④paid work _________
⑤in favor of ___________
⑥be an inspiration to sb. _________
平均而言
在20世纪中
参与
有偿工作
支持；赞成
激励某人
三、析难句，破解阅读障碍
1．She also demonstrated that although work opportunities for women expanded in the 20th century, they were not made use of as much as they could have been.
抓标志：连接词_____；从属连词_________
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(含一个让步状语从句和一个比较状语从句)
试翻译：她还表明，尽管20 世纪的女性工作机会增多，但并未被充分利用。
that
although
2．Goldin showed in 2010 that being a mother has a key role in keeping pay inequality, largely through loss of earnings when women quit work in favor of raising children.
抓标志：连接词______；从属连词______
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(含一个时间状语从句)
试翻译：Goldin在2010年表示，成为母亲在维持收入不平等中起着关键作用，主要是女性为了抚养孩子而放弃工作，从而导致收入损失。
that
when
4
发展提升—过表达关
由教材典句，学高级表达　
|解|读|规|则|
(1)upon/on＋n./doing ...“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
“on/upon＋n./doing”作状语
(2)“一……就……”的其他表达形式：
①immediately/directly/instantly
②the moment/minute/instant
③no sooner ...than .../hardly ...when ...(no sooner/hardly位于句首时，句子要倒装)
|习|练|规|则|　(变换句式)
①As soon as he sat down at the table, he signaled to the waiter to bring the menu.
→_____________________ at the table, he signaled to the waiter to bring the menu.
On/Upon sitting down
②The instant she saw the breakfast, the mother felt a wave of happiness welling up within her.
→___________________________, the mother felt a wave of happiness welling up within her.
On/Upon seeing the breakfast
|应|用|写|美|
③(写作增分句)一想到那个温馨的场面，他就觉得很幸福。
→________________________________, he felt very happy.
→__________________________________________________, he felt very happy.
Upon/On thinking of the warm scene
The minute/moment/instant he thought of the warm scene
④(场景描写)我刚向全班展示完我们的研究成果，全班就爆发出热烈的掌声。
No sooner ________________________________________________the class burst into thunderous applause.
had I presented our research findings to the class than
|解|读|规|则|
(1)独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词或形容词等构成，用于修饰整个句子。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
独立主格结构
|习|练|规|则|　(变换句式)
①When the test was finished，we began our holiday.
→_______________, we began our holiday.
②(2023·浙江1月高考写作)The evening glow spread across the farm, and it was time for us to say goodbye so we went to the parking lot together.
→______________________________________, it was time for us to say goodbye so we went to the parking lot together.
The test finished
The evening glow spreading across the farm
|应|用|写|美|
③(心理描写)在那一刻，幸福和被感动的感觉混合在一起，涌入我的心头，眼泪顺着我的脸颊滚落下来。
At that moment，happiness and the feeling of being moved mixed, welling up into my heart,__________________________.
tears rolling down my cheeks
④(动作描写)开幕式结束了，我们的校长站起来，向我们挥手致意。
_________________________, our headmaster rose to his feet and greeted us with a wave.
The opening ceremony over
建构语义场，丰富语料库　
子语境(一)　优秀人物的简介
1．be born in　　　　　 出生于
2．fight for 为……而奋斗
3．be talented in ... 在……方面有天赋
4．graduate from 从……毕业
5．Born in Beijing in 1930, Yuan Longping, who is one of the greatest scientists, showed a passion for researching rice.
袁隆平1930年出生于北京，是最伟大的科学家之一，他对研究水稻充满了热情。
6．Lu Xun, acknowledged as one of the greatest modern writers in China, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province in 1881.
鲁迅是中国现代最伟大的作家之一，1881年出生于浙江绍兴。
子语境(二)　优秀人物的主要经历及贡献
1．take up a position as　　　　　 担任……职位
2．devote/dedicate one's life to ... 一生致力于……
3．spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事
4．be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 被授予诺贝尔和平奖
5．Owing to the fact that he can do whatever he has chosen to do with great perseverance, he has made great achievement in many fields.
由于他能够坚持不懈地做他所选择做的任何事情，所以他在很多领域都取得了伟大成就。
子语境(三)　优秀人物的评价及影响
1．earn sb.a good reputation　　 为某人赢得好名声
2．think highly of 高度评价
3．make numerous contributions 作出了很多贡献
4．a man of integrity 一个正直的人
5．be honored as 被尊称为
6．motivate others 激励他人
7．By being devoted to what he does no matter how boring it is, he sets a good example to us.
不管事情有多枯燥，他都会全身心地去做所做之事，为我们树立了一个好榜样。
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍　
(一)应用单元所学补全语段(蓝体字为单元词汇的复现)
Dear Jim，
It's great to hear from you. I feel proud to know you're interested in Chinese history.When it comes to the historical figure that ①_____
(广为公认的), I have to mention Fan Zhongyan.
is
widely acknowledged
Fan Zhongyan，②____________________ (被认为是) a great Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty, was highly appreciated for his great contributions to society. He ③_____________
(不遗余力地进行) a series of reforms to make his country prosperous.
who was thought to be
spared no
effort to carry out
What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life, which not only ④ (激励我成为正直的人) but also ⑤ (为我们树立了一个很好的榜样)．
Yours，
Li Hua
inspires me to be a man of integrity
sets a great example to us
(二)主题语段的细节描写训练
1．人物经历
Mother Teresa is one of the greatest women in the world.She was born in Yugoslavia in 1910. At the age of 20, she went to India, where she first ①___________________________ (担任教师一职). However, in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school and was trained to become a nurse. She ②_______________________ (全身心地去帮助) the poor, the sick and the homeless in India. Besides, Mother Teresa opened many schools and hospitals in poor countries. While traveling, she
took up a position as a teacher
was committed to helping
③______________________ (号召人们去帮助) those in trouble. In 1979, she ④_______________________________ (被授予诺贝尔和平奖) for the love and the service she had given to unfortunate people.
called on people to help
was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
2．人物评价
①_______________________________________________ (被公认为中国航天之父)，Qian Xuesen passed away in Beijing on Oct. 31, 2009. It was snowing heavily as if it were mourning the great loss of
②_______________________________ (这位温和而非凡的科学家). Overcome with sorrow, many Chinese people cried their hearts out,
③____________________________ (泪水顺着脸颊流淌) uncontrollably. Since 1958 he ④_____________________ (致力于) aerospace science with passion and contributed a lot to the cause of China's aerospace.
Acknowledged as the father of China's space program
the gentle extraordinary scientist
tears flowing down their cheeks
had been committed to
He always ⑤___________________ (坚持自己的梦想) and he wouldn't ⑥__________________ (承认失败) whatever difficulties he encountered.
insisted on his dream
acknowledge defeat
5
课下双测—过高考关
课时作业(一)　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Women Pioneers Who Changed the World
Ali Stroker
Ali Stroker took the theater world — and, indeed, the very Internet — by storm when, on June 9, 2019, she became the first performer in a wheelchair to take home a Tony Award.After becoming the first actor in a wheelchair in Broadway history in 2015, she won the award for her powerhouse performance in the revival of Oklahoma!
Susan B．Anthony
Susan B．Anthony participated in her first women's rights conference in 1852.Over the next 54 years, she published The Revolution; gave speeches; called the first Woman Suffrage Convention in Washington, D．C.(1869); and was arrested for voting (1872)．She was also a vocal advocate for abolishing slavery and improving workers' rights, higher education for women, and training standardization and registration for nurses.
Anna Bissell
In 1889 Anna Bissell became the CEO of the company, making her the first female CEO in America.She traveled around the country selling sweepers and making deals with major retailers to carry the Bissell brand.Eventually, she took the brand international.She was also one of the first company heads to give workers pension plans.
Malala Yousafzai
When terrorists began seizing power in her hometown and attacking girls' schools, Yousafzai gave a speech defending her and all women's right to an education.She continued to speak out even after her cover was blown and the terrorists issued a death threat.In 2012, a masked gunman boarded the bus and shot her in the head.She survived.In 2014, she became the youngest person to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了四位对世界作出贡献的女性先驱。
1．What is Ali Stroker noted for
A．Her efforts to win a prize.
B．Her Broadway background.
C．Her special art performance.
D．Her wheelchair to perform in.
解析：细节理解题。根据Ali Stroker部分相关内容可知，Ali Stroker以其特别的艺术表演而闻名。
√
2．Which word can best describe Anna Bissell
A．Doubtful. B．Devoted.
C．Stubborn. D．Outgoing.
解析：推理判断题。根据Anna Bissell部分相关内容可知，Anna Bissell是一位有奉献精神的女性。
√
3．Who made a great contribution to the education for women
A．Ali Stroker and Anna Bissell.
B．Ali Stroker and Malala Yousafzai.
C．Susan B．Anthony and Anna Bissell.
D．Susan B．Anthony and Malala Yousafzai.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据Susan B．Anthony部分中“She was also a vocal advocate ...higher education for women”及Malala Yousafzai部分中“Yousafzai gave a speech ...right to an education.”可知，Susan B．Anthony和Malala Yousafzai两位女性对于女性教育作出了巨大贡献。
B
(2025·湖北联考)Many robots track objects by “sight” as they work with them, but optical (光学的) sensors can't take in an item's entire shape when it's in the dark or partially blocked from view. Now a new low-cost technique lets a robotic hand “feel” an unfamiliar object's form — and skillfully handle it based on this information alone.
University of California, San Diego, roboticist Wang Xiaolong and his team wanted to find out whether complex actions could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data.
The researchers attached 16 contact sensors, each costing about $12, to the palm and fingers of a four-fingered robot hand. These sensors simply indicate whether an object is touching the hand or not. “While one sensor doesn't catch much, a lot of them can help you capture different aspects of the object，” Wang says. In this case, the robot's task was to rotate (旋转) items placed in its palm.
They first ran simulations (模拟) to collect enough touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects, including balls and other irregular objects. Using information from each sensor, the team built a computer model that determines an object's position at every step of the handling process and moves the fingers to rotate it smoothly and stably.
Next they transferred this capability to operate a real robot hand, which successfully controlled previously unfamiliar objects such as apples, tomatoes, soup cans and rubber ducks. Transferring the computer model to the real world was relatively easy because the sensor data were so simple. However, New York University's Lerrel Pinto, who studies robots' interactions, wonders whether the system would fail at more complicated tasks.
So in the future work, Wang's group aims to tackle more complex movements as well as to add sensors in places such as the sides of the fingers. “This means that there will be more accurate information from touching that allows reconstructing the object's shape，” Wang says. The researchers will also try adding vision to complement touch data for handling complicated shape.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校的机器人专家王小龙和他的团队通过模拟实验，探索仅用简单的触摸数据，机器人是否可以实现复杂的动作。这项新的低成本技术可以让机械手“感觉”不熟悉物体的形状，并仅根据这些信息就能熟练地处理它。
4．What was the intention of the research conducted by Wang Xiaolong's group
A．To develop a robot with advanced optical sensors.
B．To create a robotic hand to grasp familiar objects.
C．To explore the use of touch data in complex robotic actions.
D．To investigate the impact of lighting on robotic recognition.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，王小龙和他的团队想弄清仅用简单的触摸数据，机器人是否可以实现复杂的动作。故选C。
√
5．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The working principle of the robot hand in Wang's research.
B．The type of contact sensors attached to the robot hand.
C．The way that the robot hand captured different objects.
D．The function of the robot hand in Wang's research.
√
解析：段落大意题。第三段主要讲研究人员将16个接触式传感器安装在四指机械手的手掌和手指上。这些传感器只显示一个物体是否接触到手。在这种情况下，机器人的任务是旋转放在它手掌中的物品。由此可知，第三段主要介绍了王小龙研究中机械手的工作原理。故选A。
6．How did the researchers gather touch data for the robotic hand's training
A．They used real-world objects.
B．They used complex optical sensors.
C．They relied on vision-based technology.
D．They conducted simulations with the robot hand.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，研究人员首先进行模拟，在虚拟机械手练习旋转，包括球和其他不规则的物体时，收集足够的触摸数据。利用来自每个传感器的信息，该团队建立了一个计算机模型，该模型可以在处理过程的每一步确定物体的位置，并移动手指以平稳地旋转物体。故选D。
7．What is Wang Xiaolong's attitude towards Pinto's concern over the system
A．Doubtful. B．Positive.
C．Unclear. D．Dismissive.
√
解析：观点态度题。倒数第二段最后一句讲Pinto怀疑该系统是否会在更复杂的任务中失败。最后一段的“Wang's group aims to tackle more complex movements ... ‘This means that there will be more accurate information from touching that allows reconstructing the object's shape，’ Wang says”讲王小龙团队的目标是解决更复杂的运动，并在手指侧面等地方添加传感器，他认为这意味着通过触摸会获得更准确的信息，从而可以重建物体的形状。accurate这个词说明王小龙对这个系统的态度是积极的，故选B。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2025·临沂市高三模拟)My older brother went to the school chess club at school in Minnesota where we live, so when I started first grade at the age of 6, I also started going too. 8 After a few months I started getting rated.
9 Over the next two years I probably played 200 games at the school club and lost many of them, but through that I got more experience and became pretty good.
I study many parts of chess: opening, strategies and also endgames. 10 I enjoy positional play in the middle game, but if there are brilliant strategies I can use, I like playing them too.
Every game is different and I think people might not realize that.There are so many different moves and beautiful combinations that can be played, so you have to be creative. 11 After the first two years of playing, when I was 8, I became one of the youngest chess experts in the US.You have to reach a rating of 2,000 to get that title, and I achieved that in September of 2018.I was one of the youngest girls to achieve that and I do not think any other girls have done so since then.
Since then, I have won two gold medals at the World Cadet Chess Championship.In March 2020, I achieved a chess rating of 2,200 and became one of the youngest US chess masters.
I was the youngest player, boy or girl, in the US Junior Championship or the US Girls' Junior Championship in 2020, which was played online. 12 It feels great to be playing older and experienced players and I hope I can be as good as some of them one day.It's the games that I lost to stronger players at last year's Championships that actually stood out to me, because I try to learn from them.
A．That's why I like chess.
B．I was drawn into the game.
C．But I was one of the worst players at first.
D．This is because I play chess for fun.
E．I tried to get better at them with practice.
F．I practiced playing chess in my free time.
G．I was the youngest again to compete in 20.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者成为美国最年轻的国际象棋大师之一的故事。
8．选B　根据后文的“After a few months I started getting rated.”可知，作者几个月后就开始被评级，说明作者应该是喜欢国际象棋。B选项“我被这个游戏吸引住了。”符合语境。
9．选C　根据下文的“lost many of them”可知，作者虽然喜欢国际象棋，但是在比赛中输了很多次。C选项“但一开始我是最差的选手之一。”符合语境。
10．选E　上文的“I study many parts of chess：opening, strategies and also endgames.”表示作者对象棋进行了深入的研究。E选项“我试着通过练习把它们做得更好。”符合语境。E选项中的them指上文提到的 opening, strategies and also endgames。
11．选A　根据上文的“There are so many different moves and beautiful combinations that can be played, so you have to be creative.”可知，玩国际象棋要有创造性，这是原因，后面顺承表示结果。A选项“那就是我喜欢下棋的原因。”符合语境。
12．选G　根据上文的“I was the youngest player ...which was played online.”可知，作者是最年轻的选手。G选项“我再次成为20届比赛中最年轻的选手。”在语意上与其构成递进关系。
课时作业(二)　
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2025·江西南昌市高三模拟)Chris, a 21-year-old young man from Maitland, Florida, completed an Ironman triathlon (铁人三项). An Ironman 1 a 112-mile cycle, a 2.4-mile swim and a 26.2-mile run. This is an amazing 2 for any human being, but it is especially 3 for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome (唐氏综合征). 4 ， Chris Nikic did the impossible!
His 5 to this amazing and inspiring accomplishment has been anything but 6 . Chris had open-heart surgery when he was just five months old. He needed a 7 when he was three and did not even walk on his own until he was four years old. Throughout his childhood, he and his parents were told that he could not do many things that other kids could do. For years they got 8 to and accepted these limits.
Until in 2017, he sets his 9 on competing in triathlons. His training starts with one pushup as well as an amazing commitment he 10 with his dad to get 1% better each day. 11 ， Chris trained four to eight hours each day for a whole year to prepare for the 12 .
Chris's amazing perseverance (毅力) is an example for not only children with Down Syndrome and other special 13 but to all kids around the world. Chris is now trying to 14 as many people as he can with his story which he is 15 through public speaking, presentations, and a book he is working with his father.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了21岁患有唐氏综合征的Chris Nikic完成了铁人三项比赛，为此他付出了巨大努力，成为了许多孩子的榜样。
1．A.stands for　　　　　　 B．takes over
C．consists of D.calls on
解析：后文“a 112-mile cycle, a 2.4-mile swim and a 26.2-mile run”是比赛的组成项目。consist of“由……组成”。
√
2．A.enjoyment B.achievement
C．development D.improvement
解析：根据上文“a 112-mile cycle, a 2.4-mile swim and a 26.2-mile run”可知，完成铁人三项是一项了不起的成就(achievement)。
√
3．A.strange B.unique
C．advanced D.private
解析：根据后文“for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome”可知，克里斯·尼克患有唐氏综合征，因此完成比赛尤其了不起。unique“独特的”。
√
4．A.Preciously B.Necessarily
C．Temporarily D.Apparently
解析：根据后文“Chris Nikic did the impossible！”可知，克里斯·尼克显然(Apparently)完成了不可能的事。
5．A.solution B.response
C．road D.secret
解析：根据后文“to this amazing and inspiring accomplishment”可知，取得成就的道路(road)并非一帆风顺。
√
√
6．A.easy B.difficult
C．interesting D.complicated
解析：根据上文“for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome”可知，他患有唐氏综合征，所以取得成就不容易(easy)。
7．A.speaker B.sticker
C．jumper D.walker
解析：根据后文“did not even walk on his own until he was four years old”可知，三岁的时候需要助行器(walker)。
√
√
8．A.accustomed B.rooted
C．lost D.engaged
解析：根据上文“For years”和下文“accepted these limits”可知，时间久了他们已经习惯了这些限制。accustomed“习惯的”。
9．A.luck B.sights
C．standards D.pleasure
解析：根据后文“on competing in triathlons”可知，他想要参加铁人三项比赛。短语set sights on表示“瞄准，把目光投向”。
√
√
10．A.made B.included
C．met D.demonstrated
解析：根据上文“an amazing commitment he”可知，他作出承诺，应用动词make。
11．A.Occasionally B.Suddenly
C．Eventually D.Casually
解析：根据后文“Chris trained four to eight hours each day for a whole year”可知，最后(Eventually)他的训练达到了每天四到八个小时。
√
√
12．A.memory B.experience
C．story D.competition
解析：根据上文“on competing in triathlons”以及“a whole year to prepare for the”可知，此处指为铁人三项比赛(competition)做准备。
√
13．A.skills B.disabilities
C．movements D.features
解析：根据并列连词“and”可判断，该题空格应与and前的“Down Syndrome” 意义相近，表示“唐氏综合征和其他特殊残疾儿童”。 disabilities“残疾”。
√
14．A.promote B.inquire
C．inspire D.provide
解析：根据后文“as many people as he can with his story”以及上文提到了榜样作用可知，他试图用他的故事激励(inspire)尽可能多的人。
√
15．A.sharing B.talking
C．writing D.posting
解析：根据后文“through public speaking, presentations, and a book he is working with his father”可知，他通过公开演讲、报告和他与父亲合作的一本书来分享(sharing)他的故事。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·石家庄摸底)Benjamin Lou is a computer scientist and an advocate who was born with a rare genetic disorder 1 (call) spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which affects the muscles used for moving the body. At the age of one, he became 2 (complete) paralyzed (瘫痪的) from the chest down, making it difficult for him to breathe, feed himself, or move around without assistance. Despite these 3 (challenge), Benjamin beat the odds and entered Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 4 he earned a degree in computer science and artificial intelligence.
By now, Benjamin 5 (become) an inspirational figure for individuals with disabilities, using his experiences to raise 6 (aware) about the importance of accessibility to technology and advocating policies that make digital tools more usable for people with disabilities. He has also worked on 7 (develop) assistive technologies, such as a voice-controlled computer interface that can be used by people with limited mobility.
In addition 8 his work in technology, Benjamin is a passionate advocate for disability rights, using his platform to challenge stereotypes and promote understanding of living with a disability. Through his writing and speaking engagement, he hopes to encourage others 9 (accept) their differences and work towards creating 10 more inclusive society for all.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了患有脊髓性肌萎缩的计算机科学家楼印根的病情、学术之路，以及他在为残疾人发声方面所作出的努力。
1．called　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语，构成非谓语动词短语作genetic disorder的后置定语。call与其逻辑主语genetic disorder之间是动宾关系，故填 called。
2．completely　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的形容词paralyzed，应用副词，故填completely。
3．challenges　考查名词复数。根据空前的these可知，challenge在此作名词，且应用复数形式，故填challenges。
4．where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词Massachusetts Institute of Technology，从句中缺少地点状语，所以空处填关系副词where。
5．has become　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语By now可知，时态用现在完成时；主语Benjamin为单数，和become之间是主动关系，故填has become。
6．awareness　考查名词。此处考查固定表达raise awareness about，意为“提高对……的意识”，故填 awareness。
7．developing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词on的宾语，故填developing。
8．to　考查介词。此处考查固定表达 in addition to，意为“除……之外”，故填to。
9. to accept　考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定表达encourage sb. to do sth.，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故填to accept。
10．a　考查冠词。空处修饰名词society，且名词前有形容词修饰。根据句意可知，此处表泛指，more的发音以辅音音素开头，所以填a。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
(2025·长沙二模)你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以“我最喜欢的中国历史人物”为题写一篇短文参赛。内容包括：
1．人物简介；
2．喜欢的原因。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
精品课件·名师析题
My Favorite Chinese Historical Figure
参考范文：
My Favorite Chinese Historical Figure
My favorite figure from Chinese history is the philosopher Confucius, who lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He was an educator and a political analyst, whose thoughts have profoundly influenced East Asian.
I admire Confucius for the following reasons. First, his dedication to education and the belief that it should be accessible to all touch me deeply. Second, he emphasized the importance of personal and governmental morality, correct social relationships, justice, and sincerity. These values not only shaped Chinese culture but also offered timeless wisdom that remains relevant today.
In brief, his teachings inspire me to reflect on my actions and strive to be a better individual in all aspects of life.|背|单|词|
一、阅读单词(明其义)
1．physiology n．　 　 生理学；生理机能
2．botanical adj. 植物学的
3．property n. 性质；特征；财产
4．boil vt.& vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开
n. 沸腾；沸点
5．liquid n. 液体
adj. 液体的；液态的
6．substance n. 物质；物品；事实根据
7．flow n. 流；流动；流畅；供应
vi. 流；流动
8．chart n. 图表
vt. 记录；制订计划
9．politician n. 从政者；政治家；政客
10．formula n. 公式；方程式；配方
11．genius n. 天才；天资；天赋
12．patent n. 专利；专利证书；获得专利
adj. 有专利的；受专利保护的
13．doctorate n. 博士学位
14．institution n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗
15．institute n. (教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑
16．moustache n. 上唇的胡子；髭
17．peculiarity n. 个性；特点；怪异的性质
18．mourn vt.& vi. 哀悼；忧伤
19．device n. 方法；技巧；装置；仪器
20．draft n. 草稿；草案
vt. 起草；草拟
二、核心单词(书写准)
1．vital adj.　　　　　 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
2．obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得
vi. (规章、习俗等)存在；流行
3．defeat n. 失败；挫败
vt. 击败；战胜
4．insist vi.& vt. 坚持；坚决要求
5．mostly adv. 主要地；一般地
6．flee vi.& vt. 迅速离开；逃跑
7．circumstance n. [pl.]条件；环境；状况
8．found vt. 创建；建立；把……建立在
9．infer vt. 推断；推定
10．numerous adj. 众多的；许多的
11．theory n. 理论；学说
12．passion n. 酷爱；激情
13．extraordinary adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
14．encounter vt. 偶然碰到；遇到
n. 邂逅；遭遇
15．professor n. 教授
16．sum vi. 总结；概括
n. 金额；款项；总数；总和
三、变形单词(晓其变)
1．crucial　adj.　　 至关重要的；关键性的
crucially adv. 关键地；至关重要地
2．commit vt. 承诺；保证
vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
commitment n. 承诺；保证；投入；奉献
3．academy n. 研究院；学会；专科院校
academic adj. 学业的；学术的
academically adv. 学术上；学业上
4．object n． 目标；物体；宾语；(研究等)对象
vt. 提出……作为反对的理由vi.反对；不赞成
objective n. 目标；目的adj.客观的
objection n. 反对；异议
5．evaluate vt. 评价；评估
evaluation n. 评价；评估
6．distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的
distinction n. 区分；差别；特点
7．acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢
acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢
8．analyse vt. 分析
analysis n. 分析；分析结果
9．apparent adj. 明显的；显而易见的
apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然
10．science n. 科学
scientific adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的
scientist n. 科学家
11．conclude vt. 推断出；结束；终止
conclusion n. 结论；推论
12．novel n. (长篇)小说
novelist n. 小说家
13．relative adj. 相对的 n．亲属
relatively adv. 相对地
relativity n. 相对论；相对性
14．gentle adj. 温柔的；文静的
gently adv. 温柔地；文静地
15．gradual adj. 逐渐的；逐步的
gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
16．consequence n. 结果；后果
consequent adj. 随之发生的
consequently adv. 因此；所以
17．remark n． 评述；言论v.评论；说起；谈论
remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的
四、同“族”词汇(巧积累)
1． ian“人物”登场
①politician　　政治家　　 ②magician　　魔术师
③electrician 电工 ④technician 技术员
⑤physician 内科医生 ⑥musician 音乐家
2． ous变“形”
①numerous adj. 众多的 ②nervous adj.　 焦虑的
③generous adj. 慷慨的 ④humorous adj. 幽默的
⑤anxious adj. 渴望的 ⑥ambitious adj. 有雄心的
3． sion成“名”
①conclusion　结论　　 ②passion　　酷爱；激情
③impression 印象 ④possession 拥有
⑤admission 承认 ⑥confusion 困惑；混淆
|背|短|语|
1．lead to　　　　　　　 　 导致；通向
2．insist on 坚决要求
3．commit oneself to 承诺；保证；专心致志于
4．make sure 确保
5．make contributions to 对……作贡献
6．come to power (开始)掌权；上台
7．take up a position 担任；任职
8．make great achievements 取得巨大的成就
9．pass away 去世
10．put forward 提出；推荐；将……提前
11．in particular 尤其；特别
12．sum up 总结；概括
13．be based on 以……为基础/根据
14．as a consequence 因此；结果
15．come to a conclusion 得出结论
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，学高级句式
1．Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said ...(upon/on doing ...)
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说……
2．He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.
(独立主格结构)
他为世界作出了无数的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E＝mc2。
二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达
单元主题：对社会有突出贡献的人物
1．He is considered as an outstanding scientist, whose research achievements play an increasingly significant role in the development of science.
他被认为是一位杰出的科学家，他的研究成果在科学发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用。
2．Not only did he find an effective solution，but he inspired countless volunteers to join him.
他不仅找到了一个有效的解决方案，而且鼓励了无数的志愿者加入他的行列。
3．His dedication to work and to people is admirable, which truly inspires me to become a person like him in the future.
他对工作和对人民的奉献令人钦佩，这确实激励着我将来要成为一个像他这样的人。
|背|语|段|
以读促写：情感表达之“高兴”
Lucy nodded cheerfully. Madison put her arm around Lucy's shoulders, both smiling. With applause and laughter echoing through the house, Lucy joined the other girls to enjoy the party.
罗茜惬意地点点头，麦迪逊抱住她的双肩，两人都笑了。掌声、笑声回荡在屋里，罗茜和其他女孩一起享受着聚会的快乐。
高分悟道 本段中使用了“cheerfully, smiling, laughter, enjoy”等词，通过描写人物的各种笑容，表达了高兴的情绪。
高分有招 常见的表示“高兴”的高分词块有：in a good mood　　　　　　　心情很好in high/cheerful spirits 兴高采烈roar with laughter 放声大笑to one's delight/joy 令某人开心的是be all smiles 喜笑颜开beam with pleasure 喜不自胜be seized by joy 欢欣鼓舞
本部分内容见《课前默写本》P641
一、变形词汇——练清易错微点　
1．As the small boat moved 　　　　　 (gentle) along the river, he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
2．　　　　　 (apparent), blindly following other's advice will affect our own judgment.
3．From these facts we can draw a conclusion that we ought to adopt a more 　　　　　 (science) approach to preserving the traditional customs.
4．With some wild animals 　　　　　 (gradual) dying out, the present situation deserves the highest attention.
5．With the teacher's generous help, I learned the way of the data 　　　　　 (analyse)．
6．At the school stage, the impact of family and school is 　　　　　 (crucial) important.
7．Within ten minutes, the group was back on land.The man they had saved was taken to the hospital for 　　　　　 (evaluate)．
8．It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class 　　　　　 (distinct)．
易错微点
1．apparently 此处是副词作状语，修饰后面的整个句子。其形容词apparent意为“显然的”，常用于句型It is apparent that ...
2．evaluate常用来表示对某个活动、某件事情进行评估或者评判。后面加名词表示对某事物进行评价或评估；后面加副词表示评估的方式。
3．distinction可以用于表达两个或多个事物之间的区别或差异，与between或in等介词搭配。如make a distinction between A and B“区分A和B”。
二、重点词汇——练后拓展归纳　
1．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
①(道歉信)I am busy preparing for my final exam, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， so I cannot keep the appointment.
我正忙着准备期末考试，这对我来说极为重要，所以我不能赴约了。
②(话题写作之科技发展)As is known to all, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， from which we will benefit a lot.
众所周知，互联网对我们至关重要，我们将从中受益很多。
③(主旨升华句)If we are to make a difference in life, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 with small things.
如果我们要使生活有所改变，重要的是我们应该从小事开始。
be vital for/to ... 对……极为重要
be of vital importance to ... 对……至关重要
It is vital that sb.(should) do sth. 某人做某事是极其重要的
名师指津：在句型“it is vital that ...”中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”， should可以省略。
2．commit vt.承诺；保证；做出(错事)；犯(罪)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
①With the objective of being admitted to her dream academy，she is 　　　　　 to working hard every day and I firmly believe that her 　　　　　 will pay off one day.(commit)
②He was so selfless that he committed himself to 　　　　　 (do) voluntary work to help people in need all the time.
③(写作增分句)I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in front of my classmates when answering the question, and my face turned red with embarrassment. Only then did I make up my mind to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
当我回答这个问题时，我在同学面前犯了一个愚蠢的错误，我尴尬地满脸通红。直到那时，我才下定决心专心致志地学习。
(1)commit a mistake/a crime　　　 　　 犯错误/犯罪
commit oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于(做)某事；承诺/保证(做)某事
(2)commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献；投入
make a commitment 做出承诺
(3)committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事
3．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢；(微笑、挥手等)致意；告知收悉；认可
①The professor is acknowledged 　　　　　 one of the world's greatest physicists.
②(感谢信) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， without whom I couldn't have made such great progress in English.
我感谢我的英语老师，没有他我的英语不可能取得这么大的进步。
③(2024·全国甲卷书面表达)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 shared bicycles have become a popular choice in cities, providing an eco friendly and cost effective way to travel short distances.
共享单车已成为城市的热门选择，为短途旅行提供了一种环保且经济高效的方式，这是大家公认的。
(1)acknowledge (doing) sth.　　　　 承认(做了)某事
acknowledge that ... 承认……
acknowledge ...to be/as ... 认为……是……
It is universally/widely acknowledged that ... ……是大家所公认的
(2)acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢
4．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
①The police officer insisted that he 　　　　　 (disobey) the traffic rules and 　　　　　 (fine)．
②(情节描写)我妈妈坚持要把视频发到网上，所以我只好让步了。(一句多译)
→My mother 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， so I had to give in to her.(insist that)
→My mother 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， so I had to give in to her.(insist on)
insist on doing sth. 坚决要求做某事；执意继续做某事
insist that ... (should) do 坚决要求……做
名师指津：insist表示“坚决要求，坚决主张”后跟宾语从句时，从句要使用虚拟语气，表示尚未实现的事，句型结构为insist that＋主语＋(should)＋(not) do sth.；表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句则采用陈述语气。
5．conclusion n．结论；推论
①The famous novelist concluded his speech 　　　　　 a distinguished saying, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
②(征文投稿)　　　　　　　　　， I like everything in spring, especially the feelings of being bathed in the rain or sunshine.
总之，我喜欢春天的一切，尤其是沐浴在雨中或阳光中的感觉。
③(主旨升华句)从这件事我们可以得出这样的结论：我们应该珍惜当下，充实地过好每一天。(一句多译)
→From the incident we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 we should cherish the present moment and live every day to the fullest.(conclusion)
→We 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 we should cherish the present moment and live every day to the fullest.(conclude)
(1)in conclusion　 最后；总之
draw/reach/arrive at/come to a conclusion 得出结论
(2)conclude vt. 推断出；结束；终止
conclude ...with sth./by doing sth. 以……结束……
conclude from ... 从……中得出结论
联想发散：表示“总之”的短语还有：
in a word, in short, all in all, to sum up, in brief等。
6．circumstance n．(常用复数)条件；环境；状况
①(话题写作之人物介绍)Whatever difficulties he encounters, 　　　　　　　　　　.(倒装句)
无论他遇到什么困难，他决不认输。
②(一句多译)如果情况允许的话，我会立即采取行动实现我的梦想。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I will take immediate action to achieve my dream.(条件状语从句)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I will take immediate action to achieve my dream.(独立主格结构)
under/in no circumstances　　 　 决不(置于句首，用部分倒装)
if circumstances permit/allow 如果情况允许
under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下
7.consequence n．结果；后果；重要性
①My grandfather was under treatment in hospital.　　　　　 (consequent), I had to take care of him.
②(情节描写)I carelessly got the plan ruined, and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我不小心把计划搞砸了，因此我必须承担后果。
③(感谢信)Thanks to your generous help, my English has improved greatly.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I do appreciate your help from the bottom of my heart.
多亏您的慷慨帮助，我的英语进步很大。因此，我的确从心底感激您的帮助。
(1)as a consequence＝in consequence
因此；结果
as a consequence of＝in consequence of
由于……的缘故
face/take the consequences 面对/承担后果
(2)consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的
consequently adv. 所以；因此
三、重点短语——练后查找疏漏　
put forward提出；提议；建议；推荐；将……提前；拨快(时钟指针)
　(用put的相关短语填空)
①Some students expressed their great concern for the situation of wild animals, and others 　　　　　　　 a wide variety of measures to protect them.
②So, my dad and I 　　　　　　　 our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains.
③It's high time that we 　　　　　　　 our phones and read more books.
④He won't 　　　　　　　 anyone questioning his decisions.
⑤The next morning, Billy 　　　　　　　 notices in the park to find the dog's owner.,
put aside　　 储存；不考虑；留出；把……放在一边
put ( ...) down (把……)放下；写下；平息(叛乱等)
put up 建造；提供；抬高；张贴；
留宿；提高(价格)
put up with 忍受；容忍
put on 表演(节目)；穿上；戴上；增加(体重)
四、一词多义——语境中辨词义(对应右栏词义填代码)　
1.①I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.　　　②Please acknowledge receipt of this letter as soon as possible.　　　③He is widely acknowledged to be one of the great scientists in the world. 　　　④I did not acknowledge that he had done anything wrong. 　　　 1.acknowledgeA．vt.承认B．vt.告知收悉C．vt.(公开)感谢D．vt.认可
2.①I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I'll put him forward as a candidate.　　　②They have put forward the date of their meeting by one week.　　　③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes to avoid coming late.　　　④The plan put forward in the last meeting isn't accepted by everyone. 　　　 2.put forwardA．提出；提议B．建议；推荐C．将……提前D．拨快(时钟指针)
3.①I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn't want to take up too much of your time.　　　②After he retired, he took up gardening.　　　③She took up the story where Tim had left off.　　　④We took up some sticks to fight against the bear.　　　⑤The young man was persuaded to take up the girl's challenge.　　　 3.take upA．开始从事B．拿起C．继续D．占用E．接受
数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段
(2025·曲阜师大附中高三模拟)The 2023 Nobel Prize in economics has been awarded to economic historian Claudia Goldin at Harvard University, “for having advanced our understanding of women's labor market outcomes.” Goldin's work has helped to explain why women have been under represented in the labor market for at least the past two centuries, and why even today they continue to earn less than men on average by around 13%.
Goldin mined 200 years of data to analyze how changes in women's participation in the labor force have been influenced by social, political and technological change over the past two centuries. Before Goldin's studies, it was widely acknowledged that the increase in the percentage of women in work over the course of the 20th century was a reflection of economic growth — higher growth meant more females could be employed.But by looking back carefully at historical records, Goldin showed that the percentage of married women involved in paid work was at least as high in the late 18th century as it is today. She also demonstrated that although work opportunities for women expanded in the 20th century, they were not made use of as much as they could have been.
Goldin has also shown that gender inequalities in pay have not followed a simple relationship with economic growth. The earning divide between different genders was smaller during the industrial revolution during 1820－1850; the divide changed little between 1930 and 1980. Goldin showed in 2010 that being a mother has a key role in keeping pay inequality, largely through loss of earnings when women quit work in favor of raising children.
“The strength of her work comes from combining reliable historical data with insights from economic theories of wage determination, employment, discrimination and political economy，” says economist Claudia Olivetti at Dartmouth College. “I am delighted to see Goldin's work recognized. She has been such an inspiration to many women and young researchers. Leading with passion, curiosity and integrity, she taught us to be brave and go for the big questions. Thanks to Goldin's research, some companies are now starting to change their practices with the introduction of flexible, family friendly working arrangements.”
[精题评价]
1．Which aspect of the economy does Claudia Goldin focus on in her work？(　　)
A．The labor market.
B．The political economy.
C．The employment inequality.
D．The gender pay gap.
2．What did Goldin's analysis of the 200 year data say？(　　)
A．More working women reflect economic growth.
B．Jobs have been the same in the past two centuries.
C．Economic growth doesn't bring more women into employment.
D．Female labor forces have changed greatly since the 18th century.
3．What is the major factor in the earning divide according to Goldin？(　　)
A．Marriage.　　　　 B．Parenthood.
C．Economic growth. D．Industrial revolution.
4．What is Claudia Olivetti's comment referred to in the last paragraph？(　　)
A．To show Goldin's influence.
B．To praise Goldin for her bravery.
C．To explain reasons for Goldin's success.
D．To prove Goldin's insights into economy.
[语篇精读]
一、理文脉，把握文章大意
本文是一篇说明文，采用了“总—分”的语篇结构。
二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料
1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义)
①(合成词)Goldin's work has helped to explain why women have been under represented in the labor market for at least the past two centuries ... 　　　　　　　　
②(熟词生义)Goldin mined 200 years of data to analyze how changes in women's participation in the labor force have been influenced by social, political and technological change over the past two centuries.　　　　　　　　
③(熟词生义)The earning divide between different genders was smaller during the industrial revolution during 1820－1850.　　　　　　　　
2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)
①on average　　　　　　　　
②over the course of the 20th century
③(be) involved in 　　　　　　　　
④paid work 　　　　　　　　
⑤in favor of 　　　　　　　　
⑥be an inspiration to sb. 　　　　　　　　
三、析难句，破解阅读障碍
1．She also demonstrated that although work opportunities for women expanded in the 20th century, they were not made use of as much as they could have been.
抓标志：连接词　　　；从属连词　　　
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(含一个让步状语从句和一个比较状语从句)
试翻译：她还表明，尽管20 世纪的女性工作机会增多，但并未被充分利用。
2．Goldin showed in 2010 that being a mother has a key role in keeping pay inequality, largely through loss of earnings when women quit work in favor of raising children.
抓标志：连接词　　　；从属连词　　　
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(含一个时间状语从句)
试翻译：Goldin在2010年表示，成为母亲在维持收入不平等中起着关键作用，主要是女性为了抚养孩子而放弃工作，从而导致收入损失。
由教材典句，学高级表达　
句式1　“on/upon＋n./doing”作状语
|解|读|规|则|
(1)upon/on＋n./doing ...“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
(2)“一……就……”的其他表达形式：
①immediately/directly/instantly
②the moment/minute/instant
③no sooner ...than .../hardly ...when ...(no sooner/hardly位于句首时，句子要倒装)
|习|练|规|则|　(变换句式)
①As soon as he sat down at the table, he signaled to the waiter to bring the menu.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　 at the table, he signaled to the waiter to bring the menu.
②The instant she saw the breakfast, the mother felt a wave of happiness welling up within her.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， the mother felt a wave of happiness welling up within her.
|应|用|写|美|
③(写作增分句)一想到那个温馨的场面，他就觉得很幸福。
→　　　　　　　　　　， he felt very happy.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he felt very happy.
④(场景描写)我刚向全班展示完我们的研究成果，全班就爆发出热烈的掌声。
No sooner 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the class burst into thunderous applause.
句式2　独立主格结构
|解|读|规|则|
(1)独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词或形容词等构成，用于修饰整个句子。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
(2)独立主格结构的常用形式：
逻辑主语＋
|习|练|规|则|　(变换句式)
①When the test was finished，we began our holiday.
→　　　　　　　　　， we began our holiday.
②(2023·浙江1月高考写作)The evening glow spread across the farm, and it was time for us to say goodbye so we went to the parking lot together.
→　　　　　　　　， it was time for us to say goodbye so we went to the parking lot together.
|应|用|写|美|
③(心理描写)在那一刻，幸福和被感动的感觉混合在一起，涌入我的心头，眼泪顺着我的脸颊滚落下来。
At that moment，happiness and the feeling of being moved mixed, welling up into my heart, 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
④(动作描写)开幕式结束了，我们的校长站起来，向我们挥手致意。
　　　　　　　　　　　　， our headmaster rose to his feet and greeted us with a wave.
建构语义场，丰富语料库　
子语境(一)　优秀人物的简介
1．be born in　　　　　 出生于
2．fight for 为……而奋斗
3．be talented in ... 在……方面有天赋
4．graduate from 从……毕业
5．Born in Beijing in 1930, Yuan Longping, who is one of the greatest scientists, showed a passion for researching rice.
袁隆平1930年出生于北京，是最伟大的科学家之一，他对研究水稻充满了热情。
6．Lu Xun, acknowledged as one of the greatest modern writers in China, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province in 1881.鲁迅是中国现代最伟大的作家之一，1881年出生于浙江绍兴。
子语境(二)　优秀人物的主要经历及贡献
1．take up a position as　　　　　 担任……职位
2．devote/dedicate one's life to ... 一生致力于……
3．spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事
4．be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 被授予诺贝尔和平奖
5．Owing to the fact that he can do whatever he has chosen to do with great perseverance, he has made great achievement in many fields.
由于他能够坚持不懈地做他所选择做的任何事情，所以他在很多领域都取得了伟大成就。
子语境(三)　优秀人物的评价及影响
1．earn sb.a good reputation　　 为某人赢得好名声
2．think highly of 高度评价
3．make numerous contributions 作出了很多贡献
4．a man of integrity 一个正直的人
5．be honored as 被尊称为
6．motivate others 激励他人
7．By being devoted to what he does no matter how boring it is, he sets a good example to us.
不管事情有多枯燥，他都会全身心地去做所做之事，为我们树立了一个好榜样。
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍　
(一)应用单元所学补全语段(黑体字为单元词汇的复现)
Dear Jim，
It's great to hear from you. I feel proud to know you're interested in Chinese history.When it comes to the historical figure that ①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (广为公认的), I have to mention Fan Zhongyan.
Fan Zhongyan，②　　　　　　 (被认为是) a great Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty, was highly appreciated for his great contributions to society. He
③　　　　　　　 (不遗余力地进行) a series of reforms to make his country prosperous.
What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life, which not only
④　　　　　　　　 (激励我成为正直的人) but also ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　 (为我们树立了一个很好的榜样)．
Yours，
Li Hua
(二)主题语段的细节描写训练
1．人物经历
Mother Teresa is one of the greatest women in the world.She was born in Yugoslavia in 1910. At the age of 20, she went to India, where she first ①　　　　　　　　　　　 (担任教师一职). However, in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school and was trained to become a nurse. She ②　　　　　　　　　　　　 (全身心地去帮助) the poor, the sick and the homeless in India. Besides, Mother Teresa opened many schools and hospitals in poor countries. While traveling, she ③　　　　　　　　　　　 (号召人们去帮助) those in trouble. In 1979, she ④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (被授予诺贝尔和平奖) for the love and the service she had given to unfortunate people.
2．人物评价
①　　　　　　　　 (被公认为中国航天之父)，Qian Xuesen passed away in Beijing on Oct. 31, 2009. It was snowing heavily as if it were mourning the great loss of ②　　　　　 (这位温和而非凡的科学家). Overcome with sorrow, many Chinese people cried their hearts out,
③　　　　　　　　　 (泪水顺着脸颊流淌) uncontrollably. Since 1958 he
④　　　　　　 (致力于) aerospace science with passion and contributed a lot to the cause of China's aerospace.
He always ⑤　　　　　　　　　 (坚持自己的梦想) and he wouldn't
⑥　　　　　　　　　 (承认失败) whatever difficulties he encountered.
UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT
[课堂学案·过词汇关]
一、变形词汇
1.gently　2.Apparently　3.scientific　4.gradually　5.analysis
6.crucially　7.evaluation　8.distinction
二、重点词汇
1.①which is vital for/to me　②the Internet is of vital importance to us　③it’s vital that we (should) begin
2.①committed; commitment　②doing
③committed a silly mistake; commit myself to study
3.①as　②I acknowledge my English teacher
③It is universally/widely acknowledged that
4.①had disobeyed; (should) be fined　②insisted that the video (should) be posted online; insisted on posting the video online
5.①with　②In conclusion　③can come to the conclusion that; can conclude from the incident that
6.①under/in no circumstances will he acknowledge defeat
②If circumstances permit/allow; Circumstances permitting/allowing
7.①Consequently　②consequently/in consequence I had to take the consequences　③As a consequence/In consequence
三、重点短语
①put forward　②put on　③put aside　④put up with　
⑤put up
四、一词多义
1.①C　②B　③D　④A　2.①B　②C　③D　④A
3.①D　②A　③C　④B　⑤E
[迁移应用·过阅读关]
[精题评价]
[价值导向]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2023年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者Claudia Goldin对女性劳动力市场的研究。尽管现在提倡男女就业平等,但Goldin分析大量的历史数据后发现男女在工资收入水平、就业机会等方面还存在较大的差距。Goldin的研究成果对当今的社会经济有很大的指导意义,同时也引导学生对未来的经济形势、就业趋势等有一个清醒的认识。
1.D　2.C　3.B　4.A
[语篇精读]
二、1.①adj.代表人数不足的　②vt.发掘　③n.差异
2.①平均而言　②在20世纪中　③参与　④有偿工作
⑤支持;赞成　⑥激励某人
三、1.that　although　2.that　when
[发展提升·过表达关]
由教材典句,学高级表达
[句式1]　①On/Upon sitting down
②On/Upon seeing the breakfast
③Upon/On thinking of the warm scene; The minute/moment/instant he thought of the warm scene
④had I presented our research findings to the class than
[句式2]　①The test finished　②The evening glow spreading across the farm　③tears rolling down my cheeks
④The opening ceremony over
主题微写作,勤练笔不辍
(一)①is widely acknowledged　②who was thought to be
③spared no effort to carry out　④inspires me to be a man of integrity　⑤sets a great example to us
(二)1.①took up a position as a teacher
②was committed to helping　③called on people to help
④was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
2.①Acknowledged as the father of China’s space program
②the gentle extraordinary scientist　③tears flowing down their cheeks　④had been committed to　⑤insisted on his dream
⑥acknowledge defeat
1 / 21选择性必修1　UNIT 1　单元双测·课时作业(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Women Pioneers Who Changed the World
Ali Stroker
Ali Stroker took the theater world — and, indeed, the very Internet — by storm when, on June 9, 2019, she became the first performer in a wheelchair to take home a Tony Award.After becoming the first actor in a wheelchair in Broadway history in 2015, she won the award for her powerhouse performance in the revival of Oklahoma!
Susan B.Anthony
Susan B.Anthony participated in her first women’s rights conference in 1852.Over the next 54 years, she published The Revolution; gave speeches; called the first Woman Suffrage Convention in Washington, D.C.(1869); and was arrested for voting (1872).She was also a vocal advocate for abolishing slavery and improving workers’ rights, higher education for women, and training standardization and registration for nurses.
Anna Bissell
In 1889 Anna Bissell became the CEO of the company, making her the first female CEO in America.She traveled around the country selling sweepers and making deals with major retailers to carry the Bissell brand.Eventually, she took the brand international.She was also one of the first company heads to give workers pension plans.
Malala Yousafzai
When terrorists began seizing power in her hometown and attacking girls’ schools, Yousafzai gave a speech defending her and all women’s right to an education.She continued to speak out even after her cover was blown and the terrorists issued a death threat.In 2012, a masked gunman boarded the bus and shot her in the head.She survived.In 2014, she became the youngest person to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
1.What is Ali Stroker noted for
A.Her efforts to win a prize.
B.Her Broadway background.
C.Her special art performance.
D.Her wheelchair to perform in.
2.Which word can best describe Anna Bissell
A.Doubtful.B.Devoted.C.Stubborn.D.Outgoing.
3.Who made a great contribution to the education for women
A.Ali Stroker and Anna Bissell.
B.Ali Stroker and Malala Yousafzai.
C.Susan B.Anthony and Anna Bissell.
D.Susan B.Anthony and Malala Yousafzai.
B
(2025·湖北联考)Many robots track objects by “sight” as they work with them, but optical (光学的) sensors can’t take in an item’s entire shape when it’s in the dark or partially blocked from view. Now a new low cost technique lets a robotic hand “feel” an unfamiliar object’s form — and skillfully handle it based on this information alone.
University of California, San Diego, roboticist Wang Xiaolong and his team wanted to find out whether complex actions could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data.
The researchers attached 16 contact sensors, each costing about 12, to the palm and fingers of a four fingered robot hand. These sensors simply indicate whether an object is touching the hand or not. “While one sensor doesn’t catch much, a lot of them can help you capture different aspects of the object,” Wang says. In this case, the robot’s task was to rotate (旋转) items placed in its palm.
They first ran simulations (模拟) to collect enough touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects, including balls and other irregular objects. Using information from each sensor, the team built a computer model that determines an object’s position at every step of the handling process and moves the fingers to rotate it smoothly and stably.
Next they transferred this capability to operate a real robot hand, which successfully controlled previously unfamiliar objects such as apples, tomatoes, soup cans and rubber ducks. Transferring the computer model to the real world was relatively easy because the sensor data were so simple. However, New York University’s Lerrel Pinto, who studies robots’ interactions, wonders whether the system would fail at more complicated tasks.
So in the future work, Wang’s group aims to tackle more complex movements as well as to add sensors in places such as the sides of the fingers. “This means that there will be more accurate information from touching that allows reconstructing the object’s shape,” Wang says. The researchers will also try adding vision to complement touch data for handling complicated shape.
4.What was the intention of the research conducted by Wang Xiaolong’s group
A.To develop a robot with advanced optical sensors.
B.To create a robotic hand to grasp familiar objects.
C.To explore the use of touch data in complex robotic actions.
D.To investigate the impact of lighting on robotic recognition.
5.What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The working principle of the robot hand in Wang’s research.
B.The type of contact sensors attached to the robot hand.
C.The way that the robot hand captured different objects.
D.The function of the robot hand in Wang’s research.
6.How did the researchers gather touch data for the robotic hand’s training
A.They used real world objects.
B.They used complex optical sensors.
C.They relied on vision based technology.
D.They conducted simulations with the robot hand.
7.What is Wang Xiaolong’s attitude towards Pinto’s concern over the system
A.Doubtful.　　　　　 B.Positive.
C.Unclear. D.Dismissive.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2025·临沂市高三模拟)My older brother went to the school chess club at school in Minnesota where we live, so when I started first grade at the age of 6, I also started going too. 　8　 After a few months I started getting rated.
　9　 Over the next two years I probably played 200 games at the school club and lost many of them, but through that I got more experience and became pretty good.
I study many parts of chess: opening, strategies and also endgames.　10　 I enjoy positional play in the middle game, but if there are brilliant strategies I can use, I like playing them too.
Every game is different and I think people might not realize that.There are so many different moves and beautiful combinations that can be played, so you have to be creative.　11　 After the first two years of playing, when I was 8, I became one of the youngest chess experts in the US.You have to reach a rating of 2,000 to get that title, and I achieved that in September of 2018.I was one of the youngest girls to achieve that and I do not think any other girls have done so since then.
Since then, I have won two gold medals at the World Cadet Chess Championship.In March 2020, I achieved a chess rating of 2,200 and became one of the youngest US chess masters.
I was the youngest player, boy or girl, in the US Junior Championship or the US Girls’ Junior Championship in 2020, which was played online.　12　 It feels great to be playing older and experienced players and I hope I can be as good as some of them one day.It’s the games that I lost to stronger players at last year’s Championships that actually stood out to me, because I try to learn from them.
A.That’s why I like chess.
B.I was drawn into the game.
C.But I was one of the worst players at first.
D.This is because I play chess for fun.
E.I tried to get better at them with practice.
F.I practiced playing chess in my free time.
G.I was the youngest again to compete in 20.
选择性必修1　UNIT 1　单元双测·课时作业(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2025·江西南昌市高三模拟)Chris, a 21 year old young man from Maitland, Florida, completed an Ironman triathlon (铁人三项). An Ironman 　1　 a 112 mile cycle, a 2.4 mile swim and a 26.2 mile run. This is an amazing 　2　 for any human being, but it is especially 　3　 for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome (唐氏综合征). 　4　, Chris Nikic did the impossible!
His 　5　 to this amazing and inspiring accomplishment has been anything but 　6　. Chris had open heart surgery when he was just five months old. He needed a 　7　 when he was three and did not even walk on his own until he was four years old. Throughout his childhood, he and his parents were told that he could not do many things that other kids could do. For years they got 　8　 to and accepted these limits.
Until in 2017, he sets his 　9　 on competing in triathlons. His training starts with one pushup as well as an amazing commitment he 　10　 with his dad to get 1% better each day. 　11　, Chris trained four to eight hours each day for a whole year to prepare for the 　12　.
Chris’s amazing perseverance (毅力) is an example for not only children with Down Syndrome and other special 　13　 but to all kids around the world. Chris is now trying to 　14　 as many people as he can with his story which he is 　15　 through public speaking, presentations, and a book he is working with his father.
1.A.stands for　　　　　　 B.takes over
C.consists of D.calls on
2.A.enjoyment B.achievement
C.development D.improvement
3.A.strange B.unique
C.advanced D.private
4.A.Preciously B.Necessarily
C.Temporarily D.Apparently
5.A.solution B.response
C.road D.secret
6.A.easy B.difficult
C.interesting D.complicated
7.A.speaker B.sticker
C.jumper D.walker
8.A.accustomed B.rooted
C.lost D.engaged
9.A.luck B.sights
C.standards D.pleasure
10.A.made B.included
C.met D.demonstrated
11.A.Occasionally B.Suddenly
C.Eventually D.Casually
12.A.memory B.experience
C.story D.competition
13.A.skills B.disabilities
C.movements D.features
14.A.promote B.inquire
C.inspire D.provide
15.A.sharing B.talking
C.writing D.posting
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·石家庄摸底)Benjamin Lou is a computer scientist and an advocate who was born with a rare genetic disorder 　1　 (call) spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which affects the muscles used for moving the body. At the age of one, he became 　2　 (complete) paralyzed (瘫痪的) from the chest down, making it difficult for him to breathe, feed himself, or move around without assistance. Despite these 　3　 (challenge), Benjamin beat the odds and entered Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 　4　 he earned a degree in computer science and artificial intelligence.
By now, Benjamin 　5　 (become) an inspirational figure for individuals with disabilities, using his experiences to raise 　6　 (aware) about the importance of accessibility to technology and advocating policies that make digital tools more usable for people with disabilities. He has also worked on 　7　 (develop) assistive technologies, such as a voice controlled computer interface that can be used by people with limited mobility.
In addition 　8　 his work in technology, Benjamin is a passionate advocate for disability rights, using his platform to challenge stereotypes and promote understanding of living with a disability. Through his writing and speaking engagement, he hopes to encourage others 　9　 (accept) their differences and work towards creating 　10　 more inclusive society for all.
Ⅲ.应用文写作 精品课件·名师析题
　　(2025·长沙模拟)你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以“我最喜欢的中国历史人物”为题写一篇短文参赛。内容包括:
1.人物简介;　2.喜欢的原因。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
My Favorite Chinese Historical Figure



选择性必修 1　UNIT 1
课时作业(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读:本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了四位对世界作出贡献的女性先驱。
1.选C　细节理解题。根据Ali Stroker部分相关内容可知,Ali Stroker以其特别的艺术表演而闻名。
2.选B　推理判断题。根据Anna Bissell部分相关内容可知,Anna Bissell是一位有奉献精神的女性。
3.选D　细节理解题。根据Susan B.Anthony部分中“She was also a vocal advocate ...higher education for women”及Malala Yousafzai部分中“Yousafzai gave a speech ...right to an education.”可知,Susan B.Anthony和Malala Yousafzai两位女性对于女性教育作出了巨大贡献。
[B]
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校的机器人专家王小龙和他的团队通过模拟实验,探索仅用简单的触摸数据,机器人是否可以实现复杂的动作。这项新的低成本技术可以让机械手“感觉”不熟悉物体的形状,并仅根据这些信息就能熟练地处理它。
4.选C　细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知,王小龙和他的团队想弄清仅用简单的触摸数据,机器人是否可以实现复杂的动作。故选C。
5.选A　段落大意题。第三段主要讲研究人员将16个接触式传感器安装在四指机械手的手掌和手指上。这些传感器只显示一个物体是否接触到手。在这种情况下,机器人的任务是旋转放在它手掌中的物品。由此可知,第三段主要介绍了王小龙研究中机械手的工作原理。
6.选D　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知,研究人员首先进行模拟,在虚拟机械手练习旋转,包括球和其他不规则的物体时,收集足够的触摸数据。利用来自每个传感器的信息,该团队建立了一个计算机模型,该模型可以在处理过程的每一步确定物体的位置,并移动手指以平稳地旋转物体。故选D。
7.选B　观点态度题。倒数第二段最后一句讲Pinto怀疑该系统是否会在更复杂的任务中失败。最后一段的“Wang’s group aims to tackle more complex movements ... ‘This means that there will be more accurate information from touching that allows reconstructing the object’s shape,’ Wang says”讲王小龙团队的目标是解决更复杂的运动,并在手指侧面等地方添加传感器,他认为这意味着通过触摸会获得更准确的信息,从而可以重建物体的形状。accurate这个词说明王小龙对这个系统的态度是积极的,故选B。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者成为美国最年轻的国际象棋大师之一的故事。
8.选B　根据后文的“After a few months I started getting rated.”可知,作者几个月后就开始被评级,说明作者应该是喜欢国际象棋。B选项“我被这个游戏吸引住了。”符合语境。
9.选C　根据下文的“lost many of them”可知,作者虽然喜欢国际象棋,但是在比赛中输了很多次。C选项“但一开始我是最差的选手之一。”符合语境。
10.选E　上文的“I study many parts of chess:opening, strategies and also endgames.”表示作者对象棋进行了深入的研究。E选项“我试着通过练习把它们做得更好。”符合语境。E选项中的them指上文提到的 opening, strategies and also endgames。
11.选A　根据上文的“There are so many different moves and beautiful combinations that can be played, so you have to be creative.”可知,玩国际象棋要有创造性,这是原因,后面顺承表示结果。A选项“那就是我喜欢下棋的原因。”符合语境。
12.选G　根据上文的“I was the youngest player ...which was played online.”可知,作者是最年轻的选手。G选项“我再次成为20届比赛中最年轻的选手。”在语意上与其构成递进关系。
课时作业(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了21岁患有唐氏综合征的Chris Nikic完成了铁人三项比赛,为此他付出了巨大努力,成为了许多孩子的榜样。
1.选C　后文“a 112 mile cycle, a 2.4 mile swim and a 26.2 mile run”是比赛的组成项目。consist of“由……组成”。
2.选B　根据上文“a 112 mile cycle, a 2.4 mile swim and a 26.2 mile run”可知,完成铁人三项是一项了不起的成就(achievement)。
3.选B　根据后文“for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome”可知,克里斯·尼克患有唐氏综合征,因此完成比赛尤其了不起。unique“独特的”。
4.选D　根据后文“Chris Nikic did the impossible!”可知,克里斯·尼克显然(Apparently)完成了不可能的事。
5.选C　根据后文“to this amazing and inspiring accomplishment”可知,取得成就的道路(road)并非一帆风顺。
6.选A　根据上文“for Chris Nikic who has Down Syndrome”可知,他患有唐氏综合征,所以取得成就不容易(easy)。
7.选D　根据后文“did not even walk on his own until he was four years old”可知,三岁的时候需要助行器(walker)。
8.选A　根据上文“For years”和下文“accepted these limits”可知,时间久了他们已经习惯了这些限制。accustomed“习惯的”。
9.选B　根据后文“on competing in triathlons”可知,他想要参加铁人三项比赛。短语set sights on表示“瞄准,把目光投向”。
10.选A　根据上文“an amazing commitment he”可知,他作出承诺,应用动词make。
11.选C　根据后文“Chris trained four to eight hours each day for a whole year”可知,最后(Eventually)他的训练达到了每天四到八个小时。
12.选D　根据上文“on competing in triathlons”以及“a whole year to prepare for the”可知,此处指为铁人三项比赛(competition)做准备。
13.选B　根据并列连词“and”可判断,该题空格应与and前的“Down Syndrome” 意义相近,表示“唐氏综合征和其他特殊残疾儿童”。 disabilities“残疾”。
14.选C　根据后文“as many people as he can with his story”以及上文提到了榜样作用可知,他试图用他的故事激励(inspire)尽可能多的人。
15.选A　根据后文“through public speaking, presentations, and a book he is working with his father”可知,他通过公开演讲、报告和他与父亲合作的一本书来分享(sharing)他的故事。
Ⅱ.语法填空
语篇解读:本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了患有脊髓性肌萎缩的计算机科学家楼印根的病情、学术之路,以及他在为残疾人发声方面所作出的努力。
1.called　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作非谓语,构成非谓语动词短语作genetic disorder的后置定语。call与其逻辑主语genetic disorder之间是动宾关系,故填 called。
2.completely　考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后的形容词paralyzed,应用副词,故填completely。
3.challenges　考查名词复数。根据空前的these可知,challenge在此作名词,且应用复数形式,故填challenges。
4.where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是表示地点的名词Massachusetts Institute of Technology,从句中缺少地点状语,所以空处填关系副词where。
5.has become　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语By now可知,时态用现在完成时;主语Benjamin为单数,和become之间是主动关系,故填has become。
6.awareness　考查名词。此处考查固定表达raise awareness about,意为“提高对……的意识”,故填 awareness。
7.developing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处作介词on的宾语,故填developing。
8.to　考查介词。此处考查固定表达 in addition to,意为“除……之外”,故填to。
9. to accept　考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定表达encourage sb. to do sth.,意为“鼓励某人做某事”,故填to accept。
10.a　考查冠词。空处修饰名词society,且名词前有形容词修饰。根据句意可知,此处表泛指,more的发音以辅音音素开头,所以填a。
Ⅲ.应用文写作(参考范文)
My Favorite Chinese Historical Figure
My favorite figure from Chinese history is the philosopher Confucius, who lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He was an educator and a political analyst, whose thoughts have profoundly influenced East Asian.
I admire Confucius for the following reasons. First, his dedication to education and the belief that it should be accessible to all touch me deeply. Second, he emphasized the importance of personal and governmental morality, correct social relationships, justice, and sincerity. These values not only shaped Chinese culture but also offered timeless wisdom that remains relevant today.
In brief, his teachings inspire me to reflect on my actions and strive to be a better individual in all aspects of life.
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