资源简介 |背|单|词|一、阅读单词(明其义)1.breadth n. 宽度;广泛2.voyage n. 航海,航行,航天vi. 航行,远行3.fleet n. 舰队;捕鱼船队;车队4.navigate vt. 航行;导航vi. 导航5.compass n. 罗盘,指南针;圆规6.log n. 航海日志,正式记录;原木vi.& vt. 伐木7.subsequent adj. 随后的,后来的8.captain n. 船长,机长;上校;队长9.kingdom n. 王国;管辖范围10.royal adj. 盛大的,庄严的;皇家的,王室的11.tomb n. 坟墓12.literary adj. 文学的,文学上的;爱好文学的13.prison n. 监狱14.minister n. 大臣,部长15.exceptional adj. 杰出的,优秀的;异常的,罕见的16.phrase n. 成语,习语;短语,词组17.format n. 总体安排,设计;版式18.shelf n. (书架等的)架子,搁板19.hell n. 地狱;苦难的经历,悲惨的境况20.rub vt.&vi. 擦,磨,搓;(使)相互摩擦21.washroom n. 洗手间,厕所22.eagle n. 雕23.deck n. 甲板,舱面24.chaos n. 混乱,杂乱25.navy n. 海军,海军部队26.infamy n. 臭名昭著,声名狼藉;恶行,罪恶27.pray vi.& vt. 企盼,祈求;祈祷,祷告28.episode n. 一段经历,片段;一集29.textile n. 纺织品;(textiles)纺织业30.cloth n. 织物,布料31.cottage n. 小屋,村舍二、核心单词(书写准)1.load vt.& vi. 装上,装入n. 负载;承载量;大量2.harmonious adj. 友好和睦的;协调的,和谐的3.dismiss vt. 不予考虑,对……不屑一提;去除,摒除;解雇;解散4.acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);(公开)感谢5.insist vi.& vt. 坚决要求,坚持;坚持说6.route n. 路线,路途;途径,渠道7.depart vi.& vt. 离开,起程8.leak vi. 漏,渗漏;渗入vt. 漏,渗漏;泄露n. 漏洞9.panic n. 惊恐,恐慌vi.& vt. (panicked,panicked) (使)惊慌,(使)惊慌失措10.regardless adv. 不顾,不加理会11.shore n. 岸,滨12.extensively adv. 广阔地;广泛地13.facilitate vt. 使便利,促进14.available adj. 可获得的,可找到的;有空的15.pack vt.& vi. 塞进,挤进;装(箱),收拾;打包;包装n. 包,包裹;小盒,小包16.contrary adj. 相反的,相对立的;截然不同的17.aboard prep.& adv. 在(车、船、飞机等)上,上(车、船、飞机等)18.uniform n. 制服;队服adj. 一致的,统一的19.dive vi. 俯冲;跳水;潜水n. 冲,扑,俯冲;潜水;跳水20.thunder vi. 轰隆隆地响;打雷n. 雷,雷声21.meanwhile adv. 同时;其间;对比之下22.drag vt. 拖,拉;缓慢而费力地移动23.bleed vi.(bled,bled) 失血,流血24.hatch vt. 密谋,策划;使孵出vi. 孵化;孵出25.plot n. 阴谋;故事情节vi.& vt. 密谋26.sink vi.& vt.(sank,sunk) 下沉,沉没;坐下;降低27.reform vt. 改进,改良,改革n. 改革,改良28.output n. 产量,输出量29.shift n. 改变,转移;轮班vi.& vt. (使)移动,(使)转移;改变三、变形单词(晓其变)1.convince vt. 使确信,使相信;说服,劝说convincing adj. 令人信服的convinced adj. 确信;坚定不移的2.strong adj. 强壮的strength n. 力量;力气;长处strengthen vt.& vi. 加强,增强3.prove vt. 证明;检验;显示 vi.证明是proof n. 证据,证明4.influence n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事 vt.影响;改变influential adj. 有很大影响力的,有支配力的5.finance vt.给……提供经费 n.财政,金融;资金financial adj. 财政的,金融的,财务的6.short adj. 短的;矮的;不足的;缺乏的shorten vt. 变短;缩短shortage n. 不足,短缺7.astonish vt. 使十分惊讶,使吃惊astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的astonished adj. 感到惊讶astonishment n. 惊讶;惊异8.adopt vt. 采用,采取;表决采纳;领养,收养 vi.领养,收养adopted adj. 收养的adoption n. 采用;收养9.compare v. 比较,对比;与……类似;将……比作comparison n. 对比;比较10.violent adj. 暴力的;猛烈的violently adv. 猛烈地,厉害地;强烈地,激烈地;凶狠地violence n. 暴力;暴行11.freeze vi.& vt. 突然停止,呆住;结冰;冻僵freezing adj. 极冷的,严寒的frozen adj. 冷冻的;冻坏的12.memory n. 记忆力,记性;记忆,回忆memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等);纪念物memorize v. 记住四、同“族”词汇(巧积累)1.同词尾的动词①insist v. 坚持要求/认为②assist v. 帮助,援助③resist v. 抵制,对抗④consist v. 组成,构成2.表“冷暖”的形容词①freezing adj. 极冷的②icy adj. 冰冷的③cold adj. 寒冷的④hot adj. 热的⑤cool adj. 凉的⑥warm adj. 温暖的3.含out的合成词①output n. 产量②outdoor adj. 户外的③outside adv. 在外面④outspoken adj. 直言不讳的⑤outbreak n. 爆发⑥outcome n. 结果|背|短|语|1.set sail 启航2.a fleet of 机群;一队……3.on board 在船(火车、飞机)上4.on behalf of 代表(或代替);为帮助;为了5.as far as 远至;只要;就……而言6.have a far reaching impact on 对……有深远的影响7.set foot 踏上8.pass on 传递;继续;去世9.expose ...to ... 使……接触……10.be remembered as 作为……而被铭记11.make great discoveries 做出重大发现12.sort out 理顺,整理;把……安排好13.in panic 惊慌失措地14.regardless of 不管,不顾15.contrary to 与……相反16.contribute to 有助于;捐献;带来,促成;投稿17.allow for 使成为可能;考虑到,把……计算在内18.come to oneself 苏醒;恢复知觉19.in response to 响应;回答;对……有反应20.show respect for 对……表示尊重|背|佳|句|一、背教材原句,学高级句式1.Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way — as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.(as is/was the case“这是常见的情形”)凡取得伟大发现的人,往往必须战胜重重磨难,探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。2.As bombs thundered all around, clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea.(as引导时间状语从句)四周炸弹发出轰隆隆的声音,滚滚黑烟升腾入空,笼罩着海面。二、背主题佳句,学出彩表达单元主题:历史传统1.Not only has the book incredibly enlarged my knowledge, but it also has got me enthusiastic about history. 这本书不仅极大地扩展了我的知识面,也使我对历史充满了热情。2.Reading history books not only expands our horizons but also helps us learn about the truth of life. 阅读史书不但能开阔我们的眼界,还能帮助我们理解生活的真谛。|背|语|段|以读促写:场景渲染之“对话”场景His head hung spiritlessly and he seemed to be crying.“You know the team needs you, don't you, David?” My words broke the silence.“I don't want to let them down, sir,” he whispered, still hanging his head in frustration.“You know that by not running you will disappoint them all.Don't you want to run?” I asked.“I'm afraid I won't make it,” he answered. “You'll never know unless you try!” Thinking for a while, David stood up,thanked me and walked away, a determined look on his face.他无精打采地低着头,好像要哭的样子。“你知道这支队伍需要你,是吗,大卫?”我的话打破了沉默。“老师,我不想让他们失望。”他小声说着,仍神情沮丧地低着头。“你知道,如果不跑你会让他们都失望的。你不想跑吗?”我问道。“我担心我不行。”他回答。“你不尝试,永远不知道你能行!”大卫想了一会,站起来,感谢了我就走开了,脸上显出刚毅的表情。高分悟道 本段中使用了多处人物对话,其中表示“说”的引述词有“My words, whispered, asked, answered”等,丰富了语言表达。高分有招 表示“说”的高分词块有:words knotting in his throat 他嗓子哽咽着express one's appreciation incoherently语无伦次地表达感激之情scream with excitement 兴奋地喊叫yell at 对……大嚷大叫mutter a few words of apology低声嘀咕了几句道歉的话murmur sth. to sb. 小声对某人说某事adding that ... 补充说…… 本部分内容见《课前默写本》P592一、变形词汇—— 1.The activity drew us closer together, and (strength) the bond of our relationship.2.Leave a basin of water outside in the (freeze) weather, and it will soon freeze.3.We delayed our (depart) because of the bad weather.4.The (compare) shows considerable disagreement between theory and practice.5.The tests show that the social environment is extremely (influence) when we're making decisions.6.All these issues have been (extensive) researched in recent years.易错微点1.strengthen the bond意为“加强联系”,strengthen的常见搭配还有strengthen one's resolve to do sth.“坚定某人做某事的决心”,strengthen the body“强健体魄”。2.freezing可用作名词,表示“冰点”,用作形容词时,意为“冰冷的”;frozen既是freeze的过去分词形式,也可用作形容词,表示“冷冻的”。二、重点词汇—— 1.convince vt.使确信,使相信;说服,劝说①We finally convinced them our honesty and they decided to cooperate with us.②It took me many hours to convince the poor boy (go) to school again.③Experts are (convince) that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English.④(主旨升华句) , which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.我坚信诚实的重要性,它有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。(1)convince sb./oneself of sth.使某人/自己相信某事convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事convince sb.that ... 使某人相信……(2)be convinced of ...确信……;相信……be convinced that ...确信……2.harmonious adj.友好和睦的;协调的,和谐的①It was obvious that the piano was out of harmony the rest of the instruments.②The colours of the Longji Rice Terraces and tall mountains make a (harmony) picture.③(话题写作之环境保护)Only in this way can we protect our environment and .只有通过这种方式才能保护我们的环境并与大自然和谐相处。harmony n. 融洽,和睦;和谐in harmony with 与……和谐相处/协调一致out of harmony with与……不和谐/不一致live in harmony 和睦相处,和谐共处coexist in harmony 和谐共生3.acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);(公开)感谢①I was sent a free copy in (acknowledge) of my contribution.②He is widely acknowledged (be) one of the best singers in the world.③She is acknowledged an excellent player, who won a gold medal in the Olympic Games.④(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Zheng He is widely acknowledged to be one of China's most influential explorers.→ Zheng He is one of China's most influential explorers.(转换为同义句)(1)acknowledge (doing) sth.承认(做)某事acknowledge that ... 承认……acknowledge ...to be/as ...认为……是……It is universally/widely acknowledged that ...……是大家所公认的(2)acknowledgement n.承认;确认;感谢in acknowledgement of ...对……的感谢;承认……4.insist vi.& vt.坚决要求,坚持;坚持说①The new reporter insisted on (be) present at all the interviews.②He insisted that he (do) nothing wrong and (set) free.③(写作增分句)You should respect the views of others, and at the same time .你应该尊重别人的观点,同时坚持你认为正确的事情。insist on/upon (doing) sth.坚持(做)某事名师指津:insist“坚决要求”后接的从句中通常用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“(should+)do”。5.panic n.惊恐,恐慌 vi.& vt.(panicked, panicked)(使)惊慌,(使)惊慌失措①Rumors panicked many investors selling their shares.②(情绪描写)Alice when she thought she'd forgotten her admission card for exam.当爱丽丝想到自己忘了带准考证时,她陷入了恐慌。③(动作、心理描写)Mac rushed into the car, slammed the door and .麦克冲进车里,砰的一声关上车门,浑身发抖,惊慌失措。(1)in (a) panic 惊慌失措地get into a panic=be thrown into a panic 陷入惊慌状态(2)panic sb.into doing sth.使某人(因惊慌)仓促做某事6.astonish vt.使十分惊讶,使吃惊①We were all astonished the unexpected news.②I was astonished (see) he got up so early.③I find it quite (astonish) that none of you like the play.④(表情描写)She looked at the box for a long time, and then her eyes opened wide .她看了盒子很长时间,然后惊讶地睁大了眼睛。⑤(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)To my astonishment, I took the first place in the writing contest.→ I took the first place in the writing contest.(升级为what引导的主语从句)(1)What astonishes sb.is ...使某人吃惊的是……(2)astonishment n. 惊讶to one's astonishment使某人惊讶的是in astonishment 惊讶地;吃惊地(3)astonished adj. 感到惊讶的astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的对(做)……感到惊讶7.drag vt.拖,拉;缓慢而费力地移动①I lost my bike yesterday, which dragged me .②He has nothing to do with it; don't drag him trouble.③The last few weeks of the summer really dragged .④(心理描写)She as she reluctantly followed her parents. 她不情愿地跟在父母后面,磨磨蹭蹭地走着。⑤(话题写作之体育锻炼)I find it hard to at five o'clock in the morning to work out.我发现凌晨五点从床上爬起来去锻炼对我来说很困难。drag one's feet 行动缓慢;磨磨蹭蹭drag sb.down 使某人沮丧drag ...out of ... 把……从……中拖出来drag sb.into (doing) sth.把某人拖入到(做)某事中drag by 过得很慢;拖沓地进行drag on 拖得太久;持续太久三、重点短语—— on behalf of代表(或代替);为帮助;为了①(欢迎辞)I'm honored to be here to extend a warm welcome to you, .我很荣幸能在这里代表我们学校向你们表示热烈的欢迎。②(写作增分句)In this passage, stars in the night sky ________________________ that gives them the confidence to move on.在这篇文章中,夜空中的星星代表着希望,让他们有信心继续前行。in behalf of sb.=in sb.'s behalf 为帮助某人stand for/represent 代表四、一词多义—— 1.①The government imposed a ban on the export of unprocessed logs. ______________ ②It is illegal to log the trees in the forest without the government's permission. ___________ ③The captain described the accident in the ship's log. _______ 1.logA.n.航海日志B.n.原木C.vi.&vt.伐木2.①With the Dragon Boat Festival approaching, I'd like to invite you to my family get together on 3rd June if you are available. _________ ②We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before. __________ ③Worried about the time available, I had made a list of the sites I wanted to see in London. __________ 2.availableA.adj.可用的B.adj.可获得的,可找到的C.adj.有空的3.①Peter is on the day shift and I am on the night. __________ ②It is said that a shift in the wind is expected tonight. __________ ③He refused to shift his ground, even though many people advised him to. __________ ④The White House hopes to shift the media's attention away from foreign policy issues. __________ 3.shiftA.vi.& vt.(使)移动;(使)转移B.vi.& vt.改变;更替C.n.改变,转移D.n.轮班数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段(说明:文中加黑词汇为本单元主题词汇)(2023·全国乙卷·阅读理解D篇)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non literate societies such as these, all our first hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. [真题评价]1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?( )A.How past events should be presented.B.What humanity is concerned about.C.Whether facts speak louder than words.D.Why written language is reliable.2.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?( )A.His report was scientific.B.He represented the local people.C.He ruled over Botany Bay.D.His record was one sided.3.What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?( )A.Problem. B.History.C.Voice. D.Society.4.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?( )A.How Maps Tell Stories of the WorldB.A Short History of AustraliaC.A History of the World in 100 ObjectsD.How Art Works Tell Stories[语篇精读]一、理文脉,把握文章大意本文是一篇议论文,采用了“论点—论据”型的语篇模式。二、拓词汇,厚积语基语料1.因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义)①(熟词生义)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity ... ___________ ②(一词多义)Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. ___________ ③(熟词生义)In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. ___________ 2.词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)①most of the time ___________ ②bring together ___________ ③in many cases ___________ ④from the English side ___________ ⑤on the losing side ___________ ⑥give them back a voice ___________ 三、析难句,破解阅读障碍If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.抓标志:从属连词___________;连接代词 ___________判类型:条件状语从句(含有一个宾语从句)+主句试翻译:如果我们想要重现那天真实发生的事情,就必须像书面报告一样深入和严格地质疑和解释这块盾牌。由教材典句,学高级表达 句式 as引导状语从句|解|读|规|则|(1)as引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候;随着”;(2)as引导原因状语从句,意为“因为;既然”,语气较弱;(3)as引导方式状语从句,意为“按照”;(4)as引导比较状语从句,常用于as/so ...as或not as/so ...as中;(5)as引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管”,从句用倒装语序。倒装语序中,如果表语是名词,提至句首时,前面不加冠词。例如:Child as he is, he knows a lot.|习|练|规|则| (单句写作/句型转换)①_________________________________ , you may stay at home.既然你身体不舒服,你可以待在家里。②You should do .你应该按照老师告诉你的去做。③With time going on, he contented himself with a simple life.→ , he contented himself with a simple life.|应|用|写|美|④(名言警句)正如谚语所说,“入乡随俗”。 _________________________________, “Do in Rome .”⑤(主旨升华句)尽管我们又累又渴,但这次五千米越野赛跑让我们受益匪浅。 , we benefited a lot from the five kilometer cross country running race.建构语义场,丰富语料库 子语境(一) 历史人物1.devote/dedicate one's life to ... 一生致力于……2.deserve one's respect 值得某人尊重3.have a far reaching impact on对……产生深远的影响4.the major contribution of this great explorer这位伟大探险家的主要贡献5.Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely acknowledged, and he is remembered as one of China's most influential explorers.郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可,他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。6.Sima Qian, one of the greatest historians in Chinese history, was born in either 145 or 135 BCE.司马迁,中国历史上最伟大的历史学家之一,生于公元前145年或135年。子语境(二) 史书推荐1.popular history books 通俗历史读物2.academic history books 史学方面的学术著作3.be packed with vivid descriptions充满了生动的描述4.introduce people to the basics of history向人们介绍历史的基本知识5.Another thing to note is that it covers advances in astronomy, music, the calendar and so on.另一件需要注意的事情是,它涵盖了天文学、音乐、历法等领域的进步。6.Also, they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly, thus engaging the reader's interest.此外,他们经常运用故事和有趣的对比来生动地描述历史人物或事件,从而吸引读者的兴趣。主题微写作,勤练笔不辍 (一)应用单元所学补全语段(黑体字为单元词汇的复现)When it comes to the famous historical figure, I have to mention Fan Zhongyan.Fan Zhongyan, ① (他被公认为是一位有影响力的作家和政治家) in the Song Dynasty, is highly appreciated for his great contributions to society.He insisted on ② (进行一系列的改革) to make his country prosperous.What's more, he adopted a policy to reform the way of teaching system, ③ (这对中国的教育体系产生了深远的影响).④ (让我印象最深刻的是) his famous philosophy of life “Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land, the last to enjoy universal happiness”,which inspires me to be a man of integrity.Fan Zhongyan is such an exceptional historical figure in China that ⑤ (他完全值得我们钦佩和尊重).(二)主题语段的细节描写训练1.感悟历史History, in fact, is a collection of stories of people.Though ① (一些人成为焦点) for different reasons, it never becomes an excuse to take the “little” people for granted.After all, ② (他们是历史的主要组成部分) and also the most direct thrust to ③ (影响着历史的进程).2.游览历史古城Xi'an, ① (一座被丰富的历史和传统围绕的城市), is a popular estination for tourists.When we ② (走近这座古城), we were all amazed by its beauty.During the following three days, ③ (我们欣赏了各种文化景点), and ④ (体验了各种传统技艺), like paper cutting, shadow puppets, wickerwork, etc. Here, ⑤ (我们觉得自己似乎远离了快节奏的都市生活).UNIT 3 Back to the past[课堂学案·过词汇关]一、变形词汇1.strengthened 2.freezing 3.departure 4.comparison5.influential 6.extensively二、重点词汇1.①of ②to go ③convinced④I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty2.①with ②harmonious ③live in harmony with nature3.①acknowledgement ②to be ③as④It is widely acknowledged that4.①being ②had done; (should) be set③insist on what you think is right5.①into ②got into a panic ③trembled all over in panic6.①at/by ②to see ③astonishing ④in astonishment⑤What astonished me was that7.①down ②into ③by ④dragged her feet⑤drag myself out of the bed三、重点短语①on behalf of/representing our school②stand for/represent the hope四、一词多义1.①B ②C ③A 2.①C ②B ③A3.①D ②C ③B ④A[迁移应用·过阅读关][真题评价][价值导向] 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性,并强调了将实物纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字的社会的重要性。本文旨在培养学生追求真理的品质,同时促进学生追本溯源意识和唯物意识的形成。1.选A 段落大意题。根据文章首段可知,如果你想讲述不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的一段世界历史,你就不能仅依靠文字。文字是人类的后期成果之一,直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字,还用实物来记载他们的重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现,不能仅靠文字,故选A。2.选D 推理判断题。根据第二段首句以及该段最后一句可知,作者认为历史应该是文字和实物相结合的产物,但是很多情况下,我们做不到这一点。下文通过举例说明库克船长的记录是片面的,故选D。3.选B 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice”和“all our first hand accounts are necessarily twisted ... but the objects”可知,conversation指的是历史,故选B。4.选C 文章出处题。根据全文可知,本文讲述的重点是强调历史实物考证的重要性,故C项“《100件实物中的世界历史》”正确。[语篇精读]二、1.①v.给予特权 ②adv.相当地;颇 ③v.歪曲,曲解2.①大部分时间 ②集合;使……联合 ③在许多情况下④从英国方面来说 ⑤在失败的一方 ⑥给他们发声的机会三、if; what[发展提升·过表达关]由教材典句,学高级表达[句式] ①As you're not feeling well ②as the teacher told you③As time went on ④As the saying goes; as the Romans do ⑤Exhausted and thirsty as we were主题微写作,勤练笔不辍(一)①who is acknowledged as/to be an influential writer and politician ②carrying out a series of reforms③which had a far reaching impact on the Chinese educational system ④What impresses me most is⑤he fully deserves our admiration and respect(二)1.①some people were brought to the spotlight②they are the main part of history③influence the course of history2.①a city surrounded by rich history and tradition②approached the ancient city③we enjoyed various cultural attractions④experienced various traditional handicrafts⑤we felt as if we had broken away from the fast paced urban lifestyle20 / 20(共165张PPT)目录CONTENTS迁移应用—过阅读关03.发展提升—过表达关04.自主学习—过识记关01.课堂学案—过词汇关02.课下测评—过高考关05.1自主学习—过识记关|背|单|词|一、阅读单词(明其义)1.breadth n. 宽度;广泛2.voyage n. 航海,航行,航天vi. 航行,远行3.fleet n. 舰队;捕鱼船队;车队4.navigate vt. 航行;导航vi. 导航5.compass n. 罗盘,指南针;圆规6.log n. 航海日志,正式记录;原木vi.& vt. 伐木7.subsequent adj. 随后的,后来的8.captain n. 船长,机长;上校;队长9.kingdom n. 王国;管辖范围10.royal adj. 盛大的,庄严的;皇家的,王室的11.tomb n. 坟墓12.literary adj. 文学的,文学上的;爱好文学的13.prison n. 监狱14.minister n. 大臣,部长15.exceptional adj. 杰出的,优秀的;16.phrase n. 成语,习语;短语,词组17.format n. 总体安排,设计;版式异常的,罕见的18.shelf n. (书架等的)架子,搁板19.hell n. 地狱;苦难的经历,悲惨的境况20.rub vt.&vi. 擦,磨,搓;(使)相互摩擦21.washroom n. 洗手间,厕所22.eagle n. 雕23.deck n. 甲板,舱面24.chaos n. 混乱,杂乱25.navy n. 海军,海军部队26.infamy n. 臭名昭著,声名狼藉;恶行,罪恶27.pray vi.& vt. 企盼,祈求;祈祷,祷告28.episode n. 一段经历,片段;一集29.textile n. 纺织品;(textiles)纺织业30.cloth n. 织物,布料31.cottage n. 小屋,村舍二、核心单词(书写准)1.load vt.& vi. 装上,装入n. 负载;承载量;大量2.harmonious adj. 友好和睦的;协调的,和谐的3.dismiss vt. 不予考虑,对……不屑一提;去除,摒除;解雇;解散4.acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);(公开)感谢5.insist vi.& vt. 坚决要求,坚持;坚持说6.route n. 路线,路途;途径,渠道7.depart vi.& vt. 离开,起程8.leak vi. 漏,渗漏;渗入vt. 漏,渗漏;泄露n. 漏洞9.panic n. 惊恐,恐慌vi.& vt. (panicked,panicked) (使)惊慌,(使)惊慌失措10.regardless adv. 不顾,不加理会11.shore n. 岸,滨12.extensively adv. 广阔地;广泛地13.facilitate vt. 使便利,促进14.available adj. 可获得的,可找到的;有空的15.pack vt.& vi. 塞进,挤进;装(箱),收拾;打包;包装n. 包,包裹;小盒,小包16.contrary adj. 相反的,相对立的;截然不同的17.aboard prep.& adv. 在(车、船、飞机等)上,上(车、船、飞机等)18.uniform n. 制服;队服adj. 一致的,统一的19.dive vi. 俯冲;跳水;潜水n. 冲,扑,俯冲;潜水;跳水20.thunder vi. 轰隆隆地响;打雷n. 雷,雷声21.meanwhile adv. 同时;其间;对比之下22.drag vt. 拖,拉;缓慢而费力地移动23.bleed vi.(bled,bled) 失血,流血24.hatch vt. 密谋,策划;使孵出vi. 孵化;孵出25.plot n. 阴谋;故事情节vi.& vt. 密谋26.sink vi.& vt.(sank,sunk) 下沉,沉没;坐下;降低27.reform vt. 改进,改良,改革n. 改革,改良28.output n. 产量,输出量29.shift n. 改变,转移;轮班vi.& vt. (使)移动,(使)转移;改变三、变形单词(晓其变)1.convince vt. 使确信,使相信;说服,劝说convincing adj. 令人信服的convinced adj. 确信;坚定不移的2.strong adj. 强壮的strength n. 力量;力气;长处strengthen vt.& vi. 加强,增强3.prove vt. 证明;检验;显示 vi.证明是proof n. 证据,证明4.influence n. 影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事vt. 影响;改变influential adj. 有很大影响力的,有支配力的5.finance vt. 给……提供经费n. 财政,金融;资金financial adj. 财政的,金融的,财务的6.short adj. 短的;矮的;不足的;缺乏的shorten vt. 变短;缩短shortage n. 不足,短缺7.astonish vt. 使十分惊讶,使吃惊astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的astonished adj. 感到惊讶astonishment n. 惊讶;惊异8.adopt vt. 采用,采取;表决采纳;领养,收养vi. 领养,收养adopted adj. 收养的adoption n. 采用;收养9.compare v. 比较,对比;与……类似;将……比作comparison n. 对比;比较10.violent adj. 暴力的;猛烈的violently adv. 猛烈地,厉害地;强烈地,激烈地;凶狠地violence n. 暴力;暴行11.freeze vi.& vt. 突然停止,呆住;结冰;冻僵freezing adj. 极冷的,严寒的frozen adj. 冷冻的;冻坏的12.memory n. 记忆力,记性;记忆,回忆memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等);纪念物memorize v. 记住四、同“族”词汇(巧积累)1.同词尾的动词①insist v. 坚持要求/认为②assist v. 帮助,援助③resist v. 抵制,对抗④consist v. 组成,构成2.表“冷暖”的形容词①freezing adj. 极冷的②icy adj. 冰冷的③cold adj. 寒冷的④hot adj. 热的⑤cool adj. 凉的⑥warm adj. 温暖的3.含out的合成词①output n. 产量②outdoor adj. 户外的③outside adv. 在外面④outspoken adj. 直言不讳的⑤outbreak n. 爆发⑥outcome n. 结果|背|短|语|1.set sail 启航2.a fleet of 机群;一队……3.on board 在船(火车、飞机)上4.on behalf of 代表(或代替);为帮助;为了5.as far as 远至;只要;就……而言6.have a far-reaching impact on 对……有深远的影响7.set foot 踏上8.pass on 传递;继续;去世9.expose ...to ... 使……接触……10.be remembered as 作为……而被铭记11.make great discoveries 做出重大发现12.sort out 理顺,整理;把……安排好13.in panic 惊慌失措地14.regardless of 不管,不顾15.contrary to 与……相反16.contribute to 有助于;捐献;带来,促成;投稿17.allow for 使成为可能;考虑到,把……计算在内18.come to oneself 苏醒;恢复知觉19.in response to 响应;回答;对……有反应20.show respect for 对……表示尊重|背|佳|句|一、背教材原句,学高级句式1.Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way — as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.(as is/was the case“这是常见的情形”)凡取得伟大发现的人,往往必须战胜重重磨难,探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。2.As bombs thundered all around, clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea.(as引导时间状语从句)四周炸弹发出轰隆隆的声音,滚滚黑烟升腾入空,笼罩着海面。二、背主题佳句,学出彩表达单元主题:历史传统1.Not only has the book incredibly enlarged my knowledge, but it also has got me enthusiastic about history. 这本书不仅极大地扩展了我的知识面,也使我对历史充满了热情。2.Reading history books not only expands our horizons but also helps us learn about the truth of life.阅读史书不但能开阔我们的眼界,还能帮助我们理解生活的真谛。|背|语|段|以读促写:场景渲染之“对话”场景His head hung spiritlessly and he seemed to be crying.“You know the team needs you, don't you, David?” My words broke the silence.“I don't want to let them down, sir,” he whispered, still hanging his head in frustration.“You know that by not running you will disappoint them all.Don't you want to run?” I asked.“I'm afraid I won't make it,” he answered. “You'll never know unless you try!” Thinking for a while, David stood up,thanked me and walked away, a determined look on his face.他无精打采地低着头,好像要哭的样子。“你知道这支队伍需要你,是吗,大卫?”我的话打破了沉默。“老师,我不想让他们失望。”他小声说着,仍神情沮丧地低着头。“你知道,如果不跑你会让他们都失望的。你不想跑吗?”我问道。“我担心我不行。”他回答。“你不尝试,永远不知道你能行!”大卫想了一会,站起来,感谢了我就走开了,脸上显出刚毅的表情。高分悟道 本段中使用了多处人物对话,其中表示“说”的引述词有“My words, whispered, asked, answered”等,丰富了语言表达。高分有招 表示“说”的高分词块有:words knotting in his throat 他嗓子哽咽着express one's appreciation incoherently语无伦次地表达感激之情高分有招 scream with excitement 兴奋地喊叫yell at 对……大嚷大叫mutter a few words of apology 低声嘀咕了几句道歉的话murmur sth. to sb. 小声对某人说某事adding that ... 补充说……一、默写核心单词1._____ the program 安装程序2.strengthen ____________ relations 加强和睦关系3.________ the records 不考虑这些记录4.____________ the need for reform 承认改革的必要性5.______ on the highest standards 坚持最高标准6._______ from Spain 从西班牙出发loadharmoniousdismissacknowledgeinsistdepart7._____ into the cellar 渗入地下室8.get into a ________ 陷入惊慌状态9.__________ of all the challenges 不顾所有的挑战10.a house on the _______ of the lake 湖岸边的房子11._____ your suitcase 收拾好你的行李箱12._________ to common belief 与一般的想法相反13.be dressed in their _________ 穿着制服14.the rumble of distant _________ 远处雷声隆隆leakpanicregardlessshorespackcontraryuniformsthunder15._____ them into the lifeboat 将他们拖到救生艇上16.______ its own offspring 孵化自己的后代17.uncover a _____ 揭露阴谋18.______ to the bottom of the sea 沉入海底19._____ my focus 转移我的注意力draghatchplotsinkshift二、默写变形单词(依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式)convinceconvincingconvincedshortenshortageinfluenceinfluentialstrengthstrengthenfinancefinancialastonishastonishingastonishedadoptadoptionmemorymemorizememorialproveproofcomparecomparisonviolentviolently三、默写重点短语1.________ 启航2._________ 机群;一队……3._________ 在船(火车、飞机)上4.____________ 代表(或代替);为帮助;为了5._________ 远至;只要;就……而言6.___________________________ 对……有深远的影响set saila fleet ofon boardon behalf ofas far ashave a far-reaching impact on7.________ 踏上8.________ 传递;继续;去世9._____________ 使……接触……10. _________________ 作为……而被铭记11. _____________ 不管,不顾12.___________ 与……相反set footpass onexpose ...to ...be remembered asregardless ofcontrary to2课堂学案—过词汇关一、变形词汇——练清易错微点1.The activity drew us closer together, and _____________ (strength) the bond of our relationship.2.Leave a basin of water outside in the ________(freeze) weather, and it will soon freeze.3.We delayed our __________(depart) because of the bad weather.4.The ___________(compare) shows considerable disagreement between theory and practice.strengthenedfreezingdeparturecomparison5.The tests show that the social environment is extremely ___________(influence) when we're making decisions.6.All these issues have been ___________(extensive) researched in recent years.influentialextensively易错微点1.strengthen the bond意为“加强联系”,strengthen的常见搭配还有strengthen one's resolve to do sth.“坚定某人做某事的决心”,strengthen the body“强健体魄”。2.freezing可用作名词,表示“冰点”,用作形容词时,意为“冰冷的”;frozen既是freeze的过去分词形式,也可用作形容词,表示“冷冻的”。二、重点词汇——练后拓展归纳1.convince vt.使确信,使相信;说服,劝说①We finally convinced them ____ our honesty and they decided to cooperate with us.②It took me many hours to convince the poor boy _________(go) to school again.ofto go③Experts are ____________(convince) that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English.④(主旨升华句)_________________________________________ ________, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.我坚信诚实的重要性,它有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。convincedI am firmly convinced of the significance ofhonesty(1)convince sb./oneself of sth. 使某人/自己相信某事convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事convince sb.that ... 使某人相信……(2)be convinced of ... 确信……;相信……be convinced that ... 确信……2.harmonious adj.友好和睦的;协调的,和谐的①It was obvious that the piano was out of harmony _____ the rest of the instruments.②The colours of the Longji Rice Terraces and tall mountains make a ____________(harmony) picture.③(话题写作之环境保护)Only in this way can we protect our environment and __________________________.只有通过这种方式才能保护我们的环境并与大自然和谐相处。withharmoniouslive in harmony with natureharmony n. 融洽,和睦;和谐in harmony with 与……和谐相处/协调一致out of harmony with 与……不和谐/不一致live in harmony 和睦相处,和谐共处coexist in harmony 和谐共生3.acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位);承认(属实);(公开)感谢①I was sent a free copy in _________________(acknowledge) of my contribution.②He is widely acknowledged _______(be) one of the best singers in the world.③She is acknowledged _____ an excellent player, who won a gold medal in the Olympic Games.acknowledgementto beas④(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Zheng He is widely acknowledged to be one of China's most influential explorers.→____________________________ Zheng He is one of China's most influential explorers.(转换为同义句)It is widely acknowledged that(1)acknowledge (doing) sth. 承认(做)某事acknowledge that ... 承认……acknowledge ...to be/as ... 认为……是……It is universally/widely acknowledged that ...……是大家所公认的(2)acknowledgement n. 承认;确认;感谢in acknowledgement of ... 对……的感谢;承认……4.insist vi.& vt.坚决要求,坚持;坚持说①The new reporter insisted on ________(be) present at all the interviews.②He insisted that he ___________(do) nothing wrong and _______________(set) free.③(写作增分句)You should respect the views of others, and at the same time _____________________________.你应该尊重别人的观点,同时坚持你认为正确的事情。beinghad done(should) be setinsist on what you think is rightinsist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚持(做)某事名师指津:insist“坚决要求”后接的从句中通常用虚拟语气,即谓语动词用“(should+)do”。5.panic n.惊恐,恐慌 vi.& vt.(panicked, panicked)(使)惊慌,(使)惊慌失措①Rumors panicked many investors ______ selling their shares.②(情绪描写)Alice ________________ when she thought she'd forgotten her admission card for exam.当爱丽丝想到自己忘了带准考证时,她陷入了恐慌。③(动作、心理描写)Mac rushed into the car, slammed the door and ________________________.麦克冲进车里,砰的一声关上车门,浑身发抖,惊慌失措。intogot into a panictrembled all over in panic(1)in (a) panic 惊慌失措地get into a panic=be thrown into a panic 陷入惊慌状态(2)panic sb.into doing sth. 使某人(因惊慌)仓促做某事6.astonish vt.使十分惊讶,使吃惊①We were all astonished ______ the unexpected news.②I was astonished _______ (see) he got up so early.③I find it quite ____________(astonish) that none of you like the play.④(表情描写)She looked at the box for a long time, and then her eyes opened wide ______________.她看了盒子很长时间,然后惊讶地睁大了眼睛。at/byto seeastonishingin astonishment⑤(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)To my astonishment, I took the first place in the writing contest.→___________________________ I took the first place in the writing contest.(升级为what引导的主语从句)What astonished me was that(1)What astonishes sb.is ... 使某人吃惊的是……(2)astonishment n. 惊讶to one's astonishment 使某人惊讶的是in astonishment 惊讶地;吃惊地(3)astonished adj. 感到惊讶的astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的对(做)……感到惊讶7.drag vt.拖,拉;缓慢而费力地移动①I lost my bike yesterday, which dragged me _____.②He has nothing to do with it; don't drag him _____ trouble.③The last few weeks of the summer really dragged ____.④(心理描写)She _______________as she reluctantly followed her parents.她不情愿地跟在父母后面,磨磨蹭蹭地走着。⑤(话题写作之体育锻炼)I find it hard to ________________________ at five o'clock in the morning to work out.我发现凌晨五点从床上爬起来去锻炼对我来说很困难。downintobydragged her feetdrag myself out of the beddrag one's feet 行动缓慢;磨磨蹭蹭drag sb.down 使某人沮丧drag ...out of ... 把……从……中拖出来drag sb.into (doing) sth. 把某人拖入到(做)某事中drag by 过得很慢;拖沓地进行drag on 拖得太久;持续太久三、重点短语——练后查找疏漏on behalf of代表(或代替);为帮助;为了①(欢迎辞)I'm honored to be here to extend a warm welcome to you, _________________________________.我很荣幸能在这里代表我们学校向你们表示热烈的欢迎。②(写作增分句)In this passage, stars in the night sky __________________________ that gives them the confidence to move on.在这篇文章中,夜空中的星星代表着希望,让他们有信心继续前行。on behalf of/representing our schoolstand for/represent the hopein behalf of sb.=in sb.'s behalf 为帮助某人stand for/represent 代表四、一词多义——语境中辨词义(对应右栏词义填代码)1.①The government imposed a ban on the export of unprocessed logs. ___ ②It is illegal to log the trees in the forest without the government's permission. ___ ③The captain described the accident in the ship's log. ___ 1.logA.n.航海日志B.n.原木C.vi.&vt.伐木BCA2.①With the Dragon Boat Festival approaching, I'd like to invite you to my family get-together on 3rd June if you are available. ___ ②We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before. ___ ③Worried about the time available, I had made a list of the sites I wanted to see in London. ___ 2.availableA.adj.可用的B.adj.可获得的,可找到的C.adj.有空的CBA3.①Peter is on the day shift and I am on the night. ___ ②It is said that a shift in the wind is expected tonight. ___ ③He refused to shift his ground, even though many people advised him to. ___ ④The White House hopes to shift the media's attention away from foreign policy issues. ___ 3.shiftA.vi.& vt.(使)移动;(使)转移B.vi.& vt.改变;更替C.n.改变,转移D.n.轮班数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段DCBA3迁移应用—过阅读关(说明:文中加蓝词汇为本单元主题词汇)(2023·全国乙卷·阅读理解D篇)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.[真题评价][价值导向] 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性,并强调了将实物纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字的社会的重要性。本文旨在培养学生追求真理的品质,同时促进学生追本溯源意识和唯物意识的形成。1.What is the first paragraph mainly about A.How past events should be presented.B.What humanity is concerned about.C.Whether facts speak louder than words.D.Why written language is reliable.√解析:段落大意题。根据文章首段可知,如果你想讲述不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的一段世界历史,你就不能仅依靠文字。文字是人类的后期成果之一,直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字,还用实物来记载他们的重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现,不能仅靠文字,故选A。2.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2 A.His report was scientific.B.He represented the local people.C.He ruled over Botany Bay.D.His record was one-sided.解析:推理判断题。根据第二段首句以及该段最后一句可知,作者认为历史应该是文字和实物相结合的产物,但是很多情况下,我们做不到这一点。下文通过举例说明库克船长的记录是片面的,故选D。√3.What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to A.Problem. B.History.C.Voice. D.Society.解析:词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice”和“all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted ... but the objects”可知,conversation指的是历史,故选B。√4.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from A.How Maps Tell Stories of the WorldB.A Short History of AustraliaC.A History of the World in 100 ObjectsD.How Art Works Tell Stories解析:文章出处题。根据全文可知,本文讲述的重点是强调历史实物考证的重要性,故C项“《100件实物中的世界历史》”正确。√[语篇精读]一、理文脉,把握文章大意本文是一篇议论文,采用了“论点—论据”型的语篇模式。二、拓词汇,厚积语基语料1.因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的词性及含义)①(熟词生义)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity ... ____________②(一词多义)Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. _______________③(熟词生义)In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. ______________v.给予特权adv.相当地;颇v.歪曲,曲解2.词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)①most of the time ____________②bring together _________________③in many cases ______________④from the English side ________________⑤on the losing side _____________⑥give them back a voice __________________大部分时间集合;使……联合在许多情况下从英国方面来说在失败的一方给他们发声的机会三、析难句,破解阅读障碍If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.抓标志:从属连词___;连接代词_____判类型:条件状语从句(含有一个宾语从句)+主句试翻译:如果我们想要重现那天真实发生的事情,就必须像书面报告一样深入和严格地质疑和解释这块盾牌。ifwhat4发展提升—过表达关由教材典句,学高级表达句式 as引导状语从句|解|读|规|则|(1)as引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候;随着”;(2)as引导原因状语从句,意为“因为;既然”,语气较弱;(3)as引导方式状语从句,意为“按照”;(4)as引导比较状语从句,常用于as/so ...as或not as/so ...as中;(5)as引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;尽管”,从句用倒装语序。倒装语序中,如果表语是名词,提至句首时,前面不加冠词。例如:Child as he is, he knows a lot.|习|练|规|则| (单句写作/句型转换)①_______________________, you may stay at home.既然你身体不舒服,你可以待在家里。②You should do _____________________.你应该按照老师告诉你的去做。③With time going on, he contented himself with a simple life.→_______________, he contented himself with a simple life.As you're not feeling wellas the teacher told youAs time went on|应|用|写|美|④(名言警句)正如谚语所说,“入乡随俗”。_________________, “Do in Rome _________________.”⑤(主旨升华句)尽管我们又累又渴,但这次五千米越野赛跑让我们受益匪浅。_______________________________, we benefited a lot from the five-kilometer cross-country running race.As the saying goesas the Romans doExhausted and thirsty as we were建构语义场,丰富语料库子语境(一) 历史人物1.devote/dedicate one's life to ... 一生致力于……2.deserve one's respect 值得某人尊重3.have a far-reaching impact on 对……产生深远的影响4.the major contribution of this great explorer这位伟大探险家的主要贡献5.Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely acknowledged, and he is remembered as one of China's most influential explorers.郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可,他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。6.Sima Qian, one of the greatest historians in Chinese history, was born in either 145 or 135 BCE.司马迁,中国历史上最伟大的历史学家之一,生于公元前145年或135年。子语境(二) 史书推荐1.popular history books 通俗历史读物2.academic history books 史学方面的学术著作3.be packed with vivid descriptions 充满了生动的描述4.introduce people to the basics of history向人们介绍历史的基本知识5.Another thing to note is that it covers advances in astronomy, music, the calendar and so on.另一件需要注意的事情是,它涵盖了天文学、音乐、历法等领域的进步。6.Also, they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly, thus engaging the reader's interest.此外,他们经常运用故事和有趣的对比来生动地描述历史人物或事件,从而吸引读者的兴趣。主题微写作,勤练笔不辍(一)应用单元所学补全语段(蓝体字为单元词汇的复现)When it comes to the famous historical figure, I have to mention Fan Zhongyan.Fan Zhongyan, ①___________________________________________ _____________(他被公认为是一位有影响力的作家和政治家) in the Song Dynasty, is highly appreciated for his great contributions to society.He insisted on ②_____________________________ (进行一系列的改革) to make his country prosperous.What's more, he adopted a policy to reform the way of teaching system,who is acknowledged as/to be an influential writerand politiciancarrying out a series of reforms③____________________________________________________________ (这对中国的教育体系产生了深远的影响).④_______________________ (让我印象最深刻的是) his famous philosophy of life “Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land, the last to enjoy universal happiness”,which inspires me to be a man of integrity.Fan Zhongyan is such an exceptional historical figure in China that ⑤________________________________________ (他完全值得我们钦佩和尊重).which had a far-reaching impact on the Chinese educational systemWhat impresses me most ishe fully deserves our admiration and respect(二)主题语段的细节描写训练1.感悟历史History, in fact, is a collection of stories of people.Though ①_______ _________________________________(一些人成为焦点) for different reasons, it never becomes an excuse to take the “little” people for granted.After all, ②_____________________________(他们是历史的主要组成部分) and also the most direct thrust to ③____________________ ________(影响着历史的进程).somepeople were brought to the spotlightthey are the main part of historyinfluence the course ofhistory2.游览历史古城Xi'an, ①_________________________________________(一座被丰富的历史和传统围绕的城市), is a popular destination for tourists.When we ②_________________________(走近这座古城), we were all amazed by its beauty.During the following three days, ③__________________________ ___________(我们欣赏了各种文化景点), and ④___________________ _____________________(体验了各种传统技艺), like paper-cutting, shadow puppets, wickerwork, etc. Here, ⑤___________________________________ _______________________(我们觉得自己似乎远离了快节奏的都市生活).a city surrounded by rich history and traditionapproached the ancient citywe enjoyed various culturalattractionsexperienced varioustraditional handicraftswe felt as if we had broken away from thefast-paced urban lifestyle5课下测评—过高考关课时作业(一) 主题阅读集群训练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2025·开封模考) Rocks, cliffs and quarries are not much for most of us to look at, but for paleontologist (古生物学家) Andrew Knoll, they are radiant with meaning, telling a story.That tale is the Earth's history — how the planet went from a rock covered in magma (岩浆) oceans to a green and blue orb (球体) filled with life. Between those inhospitable beginnings and now, continents formed and were torn apart, mountain ranges appeared and disappeared, ice caps spread and receded. These are the lost worlds that Knoll has explored and shed light on.“He really tries to integrate all the available data — the geological, the biological and the chemical — and puts things in perspective. He's not just a person that looks at a fossil and says, ‘Oh, this is so-and-so and it came from this time period.’ He is able to make this whole picture, understand why the fossil is there and the context of everything that's going on at the time,” said Daniel Conley, a biogeochemistry professor.Knoll said he first became mesmerized by fossils when he was in primary school. “I can remember the feeling when I was 12 years old and just the idea that you'd break this rock open and you'd see something that no human being has ever seen. That was a wonderful, wonderful thought, and I still get excited if I discover something or have an idea that no one else has had.”His popular science book A Brief History of Earth: Four Billion Years in Eight Chapters released in 2021 ends with an emotional call to action. “Here you stand, in the physical and biological legacy of 4 billion years,”Knoll wrote. “You walk where dinosaurs walked across hillsides, where mammoths once commanded a frozen plain. Once it was their world, and now it's yours,” he continued. “The difference between you and the dinosaurs, of course, is that you can comprehend the past and envision the future. The world you inherited is not just yours; it is your responsibility. What happens next is up to you.”语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古生物学家Andrew Knoll可以通过岩石、悬崖和采石场讲述地球的历史,以及他被化石深深吸引的经历和其观点等。1.What can be learned from rocks, cliffs and quarries in Andrew Knoll's eyes A.The physical properties of rocks.B.The history of humans on the Earth.C.The plot twists in Hollywood blockbusters.D.The evolution of the Earth over a long time span.解析:细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,在古生物学家Andrew Knoll的眼里,可以从岩石、悬崖和采石场中了解到地球的演变历史。√2.Which of the following statements about Knoll is TRUE A.He reads the meaning behind a fossil better than any other scientists.B.He began his career as a paleontologist when he was in primary school.C.He tries to offer a more comprehensive view on the formation of a fossil.D.He focuses on the differences between humans and dinosaurs in his book.√解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中生物地球化学教授Daniel Conley对Knoll的评价可知,Knoll试图对化石的形成提出更全面的看法。3.What does the underlined word “mesmerized” in paragraph 4 mean A.Puzzled. B.Fascinated.C.Distracted. D.Affected.解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词下文Knoll说的话可推知,此处表示“被化石迷住”,故画线词表示“着迷,入迷”。√4.What's the purpose of the passage A.To illustrate the significance of fossils.B.To market a book on the Earth's history.C.To introduce a paleontologist and his ideas.D.To motivate readers to do research on the Earth.解析:写作意图题。本文介绍了一位古生物学家对化石的研究与发现、他被化石迷住的经历以及他的一些观点。由此可知,本文的写作目的是介绍这位古生物学家以及他的观点。√B(2025·重庆联考)When the discovery of fossilized (成为化石的) footprints made in what's now New Mexico was made public in 2021, it was an astonishing moment for archaeology (考古学), seemingly rewriting a chapter of the human story. Now new research is offering further evidence of their significance.While they look like they could have been made yesterday, the footprints were pressed into mud 21,000 to 23,000 years ago, according to radiocarbon dating of the seeds of a water plant that were preserved above and below the fossils. This date dramatically pushed back the timeline of humans' history in the Americas, the last land to be settled by prehistoric people. The 61 dated prints, which were discovered in the Tularosa Basin, near the edge of an ancient lake in White Sands National Park, were made at a time when many scientists think that massive ice sheets had stopped human passage into North America, indicating that humans arrived in the region even earlier.However, some archaeologists questioned the age of the footprints established by those initial findings. They noted that water plants such as Ruppia cirrhosa — the one used in the 2021 study — can acquire carbon atoms from the water rather than the air, which can result in a misleadingly early date.In a follow-up study published Thursday in the journal Science, researchers said they have produced two new lines of evidence to support their initial dates. “Even as the original work was being published, we were speeding up to test our results with multiple lines of evidence,” said Kathleen Springer, co-lead author of the new Science paper, in a news release. “We were confident in our original ages, as well as the strong evidence.”When and how early humans first moved to the Americas has long been debated and remains poorly understood. Current estimates range from 13,000 years ago to more than 20,000 years ago. However, the earliest archaeological evidence for the region's settlement is insufficient and often controversial, making the footprints especially important.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了关于美洲最早人类足迹的持续研究。5.What is paragraph 2 mainly about A.The purpose of the new research.B.The method of the dating.C.The significance of the footprints.D.The efforts of the scientists.解析:段落大意题。根据第二段可知,本段主要讲足迹的重要性。√6.Why did some archaeologists question the age of the footprints A.It goes against the prior knowledge.B.The prints seem to be made recently.C.The previous research method is improper.D.The then massive ice sheets are misleading.解析:推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知,之前的研究方法是不恰当的,这才会让他们有所怀疑。√7.What will the author probably talk about next A.The doubt about the age of the footprints.B.The new evidence of the fossilized footprints.C.An agreement between the two sides of the debate.D.Early humans' hardship of moving to the Americas.解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句并结合倒数第二段最后一句可以推断,作者接下来可能会进一步提供新的证据来证实对足迹化石的年代判断是正确的。√8.What is the purpose of the text A.To explain the process of archaeological study.B.To report the discovery of fossilized footprints.C.To introduce a debate on the age of the footprints.D.To present the progress of the footprint research.√解析:写作意图题。作者在第一段表明主题“Now new research is offering further evidence of their significance.”;第二段讲足迹的重要性;第三段讲一些考古学家提出了疑问;第四段讲进一步的研究和证据;最后一段提到了早期的研究证据不足,因此该足迹非常重要。综上可知,作者写这篇文章是为了展示足迹研究的最新进展。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Breakthroughs from science and technology have completely changed much of human life. 9 The following are some examples of traditional methods, old ideas, and ancient techniques that are helping to solve problems in the 21st century.精品课件·名师析题Yacouba Sawadogo, a farmer from Burkina Faso, West Africa, has led the transformation of poor, dry land into productive agricultural land. 10 Pits are dug in the ground, allowing water to gather in one place.Since popularizing the use of pits, Sawadogo has helped increase food production in Burkina Faso.11 Here deep holes are dug in places where crops are grown, enabling water to be directed precisely to places where it is needed.And the holes are covered with soil, straw and other materials to keep in as much moisture (水分) as possible.And in Thailand, some farmers have avoided modern, chemical-based methods for pest control and are instead adopting the ancient method using ducks known locally as “ped lai thoong”, meaning“field chasing (追赶) ducks”. 12As for forest problems, periodic fires can be a solution.The reason is that they can clear out dead organic material, expose the forest floor to sunlight, and nourish the soil. 13 Researchers have found that ancient inhabitants of the Amazon region had been using fire to clear the rainforest in a carefully controlled way to limit the risk of large outbreaks.A.But this practice is nothing new.B.Ancient techniques are proving more effective, though.C.This ground-based technique is a great help to precise farming.D.He has done it thanks to an ancient way of trapping water in the soil.E.Digging holes forms an important part of agriculture in Zimbabwe, too.F.These birds are left to wander freely among fields to eat harmful insects.G.But sometimes, tried and tested ideas that have stood the test of time can still be of use.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种能帮助解决现代问题的传统方法。9.解析:选G 空前提到科学技术的突破彻底改变了人类生活的许多方面。空后提到以下是一些用传统方法、旧思想和古老技术解决21世纪问题的例子。由此可知,空处应与空前内容形成转折,并引出传统方法。故G项“但有时候,经受住了时间考验的可靠想法仍然有用”符合语境。10.解析:选D 空前提到来自西非布基纳法索的农民Yacouba Sawadogo将贫瘠、干燥的土地转变为多产的农业用地。空后提到在地里挖坑,让水聚集在一个地方。故D项“他能做到这一点要归功于一种将水留存在土壤中的古老方法”承上启下,符合语境。11.解析:选E 空处为段落主题句。空后提到在这里,人们在种植作物的地方挖深洞,使水能够直接流向需要的地方。这些洞被土壤、稻草和其他材料覆盖,以保持尽可能多的水分。故E项“在津巴布韦,挖洞也是农业的重要组成部分”能概括本段主旨,符合语境。12.解析:选F 空前提到在泰国,一些农民避免使用现代的化学方法来控制害虫,而是使用一种在当地被称为“ped lai thoong”的古老方法。由此可知,空处应是对这种方法的具体介绍。故F项“这些鸭子被放在田野里自由地游荡,吃掉害虫”说明了具体的做法和目的,符合语境。F项中的“These birds”指代上文中的“ducks”。13.解析:选A 空前提到至于森林问题,周期性的大火可能是一个解决方案。空后提到研究人员发现,亚马孙地区的古代居民一直在以一种精心控制的方式用火清理雨林,以限制大规模爆发的风险。故A项“但这种做法并不新鲜”与上文形成转折,且与空后内容呼应,符合语境。课时作业(二) 语言技能综合训练Ⅰ.完形填空Maryland fourth grader Molly Sampson didn't ask for typical new year's gifts this year. 1 , the little scientist requested cold-water waders (高筒靴) so that she could hunt for fossils.Molly 2 with her father and sister to their favorite spot on Calvert Beach on the early morning.Molly's father, Bruce Sampson, has always been into fossil 3 , and his daughters share his 4 .Molly has got an impressive collection of more than 40 5 over the years.These fossils range from modern-day shark teeth to far 6 items, like megalodon (巨齿鲨) teeth.Molly herself has found megalodon 7 before, but on this day, she found one of the largest ones ever 8 .She was standing in knee-deep water when she first saw the tooth.“I saw something 9 , and it looked like a shark tooth,” that she 10 .“We were about knee deep in the water.”Molly reached for the tooth, but it was so big that she 11 to take it out of the water.She felt “amazed” when she finally pulled it above the 12 and saw its size.Now Molly is more 13 than ever to pursue a career in paleontology (古生物学) someday.Her mother says she hopes other girls will see Molly's story and become 14 to get outdoors and study science, too.“We really want other kids to get excited about being outside,” said Alicia.This amazing find is a nicer 15 for this little young scientist's new year.语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小女孩莫莉受父亲的影响,喜欢寻找化石,并决定以后从事古生物学职业。1.A.Therefore B.InsteadC.Besides D.However解析:根据上文及语境可知,莫莉没有要平常的新年礼物,相反要了一双高筒靴。√2.A.broke up B.kept upC.set out D.found out解析:根据空后“to their favorite spot on Calvert Beach”可知,他们出发去了喜欢的地方。√3.A.stealing B.cryingC.escaping D.hunting解析:根据上文“she could hunt for fossils”可知,此处指莫莉的父亲热衷于寻找化石。√4.A.doubt B.regretC.passion D.happiness解析:根据空前“has always been into fossil ______”可知,Bruce Sampson热衷于寻找化石,而孩子们和他一样具有热情,也喜欢上了寻找化石。√5.A.items B.booksC.weeks D.places解析:根据空前“an impressive collection of”可知,此处指收藏的物品。下文的“items”也是提示。√6.A.younger B.cleanerC.older D.uglier解析:呼应上文“modern-day”,此处指更古老的化石。7.A.nose B.teethC.hair D.ear解析:根据下文“She was standing in knee-deep water when she first saw the tooth.”可知,此处指巨齿鲨牙齿化石。√√8.A.discovered B.createdC.hoped D.lost解析:呼应上文“Molly herself has found”,此处指曾发现过的最大的巨齿鲨牙齿化石之一。√9.A.big B.lightC.heavy D.small解析:根据下文“but it was so big”可知,巨齿鲨的牙齿化石很大。10.A.screamed B.worriedC.recalled D.jumped解析:结合语境可知,这是莫莉在回忆发现巨齿鲨牙齿化石的场景。√√11.A.ran B.smiledC.hurried D.struggled解析:根据空前“it was so big”可知,牙齿化石很大,莫莉要努力才能把它拿出水面。√12.A.earth B.waterC.house D.car解析:根据上文“take it out of the water”可知,牙齿化石被拖出了水面。√13.A.shy B.excitedC.humorous D.afraid解析:结合上文讲述莫莉发现了一个巨大的鲨鱼牙齿化石可推知,她此时比任何时候都兴奋有一天能从事古生物学的职业。√14.A.frightened B.forcedC.surprised D.inspired解析:结合语境和“to get outdoors and study science”可知,此处指莫莉的妈妈希望莫莉的故事能启发其他孩子学习科学。√15.A.news B.promiseC.wish D.gift解析:呼应第一段“Maryland fourth grader Molly Sampson didn't ask for typical new year's gifts this year.”可知,这次发现对于莫莉来说是最好的新年礼物。√Ⅱ.语法填空(2025·南京调研)The art of seal engraving (篆刻) is a foundation of China's fine arts. It has been 1 inseparable part of classic Chinese art. In September 2009, China's seal-engraving art 2 (add) to the list of UNESCO's items of intangible cultural heritage.The seal-engraving art, 3 (date) back to the Shang Dynasty, has a history of more than 3,000 years. The art form developed rapidly during the Qin Dynasty, 4 people engraved their names on utensils (器皿) and in documents to claim ownership.Soon after Qin Shi Huang unified China, he ordered craftsmen to use jade to make an imperial seal called “Xi”. Not until the Ming Dynasty did artists and scholars begin using seals engraved with their names 5 (mark) the ownership of their calligraphy and paintings.In 1904, Xiling Seal Engravers' Society was founded with the 6 (combine) efforts of seal artists from different schools and places 7 it was the first of its kind in China.Today seals are still 8 wide use in official documents and private letters. With engraved seals gaining worldwide 9 (appreciate) in recent years, an increasing number of people 10 (become) fascinated with the items.语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了篆刻艺术的重要性及其发展演变史。1.an 考查冠词。根据句意“它一直是中国古典艺术不可分割的一部分”可知,此处表示泛指,且inseparable以元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an。2.was added 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语“In September 2009”可知,时态用一般过去时。主语seal-engraving art为第三人称单数,且与add之间是被动关系,故填was added。3.dating 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作非谓语。date back to“追溯到”,是固定短语,无被动形式,且常用现在分词形式作状语,故填dating。4.when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为表示时间的the Qin Dynasty,从句中缺少时间状语,故填关系副词when。5.to mark 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作目的状语。故填to mark。6.combined 考查形容词。空前是定冠词the,空后是名词efforts,空处应用形容词修饰名词,故填combined,表示“共同努力”。7.and 考查连词。空处前后均为成分完整的句子;结合句意可知,前后句之间是并列关系,故填and。8.in 考查介词。in wide use“在广泛使用中”,是固定短语。9.appreciation 考查名词。空处作gaining的宾语,且空前有形容词worldwide修饰,故空处应用所给词的名词形式。此处appreciation意为“欣赏”,是不可数名词。10.have become 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“in recent years”可知,时态用现在完成时。主语与become之间是主动关系,且由“a number of”修饰,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have become。Ⅲ.应用文写作假定你是李华,你的学校正在组织“走进历史”主题活动,拟从三个活动形式中选择一个:走访老战士、表演历史剧和制作短视频。学校正在向全体师生征求建议。请你用英语写一篇短文提出自己的建议,内容包括:1.你的选择;2.你的理由。精品课件·名师析题注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考范文:To whom it may concern,I'm Li Hua from Class 3, who is interested in the activity of “Entering History”.I prefer the activity method of making short videos.The reasons are as follows.First, the short video is of great convenience that the other two methods do not have.It can be done with just a few electronic devices at your fingertips.The stories on the short videos are vivid and temptthe youngsters to enjoy the background of the stories.Second, making short videos is more efficient.Every student can participate and tell about the heroes he/she admires.Students can watch a short video in a short break.Third, short videos are more widely distributed.We can make short videos and put them on social platforms, which will surely make the charm of history infect more people.I hope my advice will be helpful to you.Yours,Li Hua课时作业(三) 读后续写讲评训练 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。精品课件·名师析题[2] This sweet task began on a snowy day. Maggie's mom, Tiffany Kuznia, worked at the retirement facility and often brought her daughter with her to work. As little Maggie was packing her bag, Kuznia reminded her to bring her Nintendo Switch so she would not get bored. Maggie quickly replied that she had different plans for the day. “I'm going to bring books and I'm going to read to the residents,” she declared.[3] On arrival, the girl knocked on every door of the facility to offer her services. That day, she made a good start. Patti Griggs, a retired elementary school teacher, was astonished by her reading talent. “She's such a good little reader. I taught first-grade kids how to read. There were very few children who could come in and read like that,” said Griggs.[4] With time, Maggie became so beloved among the residents that she even had “regulars” she read to every week. She often visited each one for over an hour. Her mom checked on her regularly to make sure she wasn't overstaying her welcome. Much to Maggie's delight, the residents were more than happy to have her with them for an extended period of time. They were always ready to help her out when she struggled with new words. Such hiccups (小问题) happened less and less and Maggie grew more confident of reading aloud.[5] Two months later, Maggie realized that her companions had different hobbies and interests. And their educational levels varied from person to person. It was high time that she should make some changes.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式作答。Maggie decided to choose different books according to their tastes. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With Patti Griggs' help, a personalized reading plan was ready. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[写作构思指导]一、读文路径(把握结构主旨)二、思考路径1.理清故事双线2.关注伏笔照应伏笔1(句①):暗示续写部分会提到Maggie的甜蜜任务,以呼应前文。伏笔2(句②):暗示续写部分会提到老年人的各种不同的兴趣和爱好。3.构思续写内容(运用“5所”构思)第一段:①How did Maggie do to choose books?(所做——接续首句)②What were the interests of some seniors?(根据原文伏笔2提出问题:所做——推进情节)③What did Maggie do then?(所做——推进情节)④Did Maggie go to ask Patti for help?(所做——衔接下文)第二段:⑤What was Maggie's reading plan?(所想——接续首句)⑥What did some seniors do?What did Patti do then?(所见、所做——推进情节)⑦How about the reading plan?(根据原文伏笔1提出问题:所想——推进情节)⑧Had Maggie improved her reading skills and how about the residents?(所做——故事结局)[逻辑润色成文]一、写好两个关键语段1.请设计Maggie为老年人筹备书的微情节。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Maggie managed to win over her mother and buy many varieties of books from the bookstore. She also borrowed some from her little friends. Moved by Maggie's kindness, some seniors donated their favorite books. Patti Griggs also downloaded some poems and humorous stories from the Internet and printed them to Maggie.2.请设计一个合理的结尾。(感悟式结尾)_____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________(哲理式结尾)_____________________________________________ _________________________________________________Maggie improved her reading skills and made some adorable friends. As for the residents, Maggie brightened up their day.This win-win situation was that Maggie improved her reading skills and the residents' souls got comforted.二、衔接好,做到逻辑顺畅成文Maggie decided to choose different books according to their tastes. ___ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________To satisfy everyone's taste, she asked each senior what type of reading materials they enjoyed listening to. She got different answers which involved current news, children's stories, recipe and travel books. Some were more interested in poetry and drama. (对应伏笔2) With the collected information, she made a reading plan for everyone. In order to make the plan practical, she went to Patti Griggs for help, who gave her some useful guidance. (动作描写)With Patti Griggs' help, a personalized reading plan was ready. _______ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Now the first priority was to get so many kinds of reading materials. Maggie managed to win over her mother and buy many varieties of books from the bookstore. She also borrowed some from her little friends. Moved by Maggie's kindness, some seniors donated their favorite books. (心理、动作描写) Patti Griggs also downloaded some poems and humorous stories from the Internet and printed them to Maggie. Everything was going smoothly. Apparently the sweet task was a win-win situation benefiting both sides. (对应伏笔1) Maggie improved her reading skills and made some adorable friends. As for the residents, Maggie brightened up their day.选择性必修3 UNIT 3课时作业(二)语言技能综合训练Ⅰ.完形填空Maryland fourth grader Molly Sampson didn't ask for typical new year's gifts this year.__1__, the little scientist requested cold water waders (高筒靴) so that she could hunt for fossils.Molly __2__ with her father and sister to their favorite spot on Calvert Beach on the early morning.Molly's father, Bruce Sampson, has always been into fossil __3__, and his daughters share his __4__.Molly has got an impressive collection of more than 40 __5__ over the years.These fossils range from modern day shark teeth to far __6__ items, like megalodon (巨齿鲨) teeth.Molly herself has found megalodon __7__ before, but on this day, she found one of the largest ones ever __8__.She was standing in knee deep water when she first saw the tooth.“I saw something __9__, and it looked like a shark tooth,” that she __10__.“We were about knee deep in the water.”Molly reached for the tooth, but it was so big that she __11__ to take it out of the water.She felt “amazed” when she finally pulled it above the __12__ and saw its size.Now Molly is more __13__ than ever to pursue a career in paleontology (古生物学) someday.Her mother says she hopes other girls will see Molly's story and become __14__ to get outdoors and study science, too.“We really want other kids to get excited about being outside,” said Alicia.This amazing find is a nicer __15__ for this little young scientist's new year.1.A.Therefore B.InsteadC.Besides D.However2.A.broke up B.kept upC.set out D.found out3.A.stealing B.cryingC.escaping D.hunting4.A.doubt B.regretC.passion D.happiness5.A.items B.booksC.weeks D.places6.A.younger B.cleanerC.older D.uglier7.A.nose B.teethC.hair D.ear8.A.discovered B.createdC.hoped D.lost9.A.big B.lightC.heavy D.small10.A.screamed B.worriedC.recalled D.jumped11.A.ran B.smiledC.hurried D.struggled12.A.earth B.waterC.house D.car13.A.shy B.excitedC.humorous D.afraid14.A.frightened B.forcedC.surprised D.inspired15.A.news B.promiseC.wish D.giftⅡ.语法填空(2025·南京调研)The art of seal engraving (篆刻) is a foundation of China's fine arts. It has been __1__ inseparable part of classic Chinese art. In September 2009, China's seal engraving art __2__ (add) to the list of UNESCO's items of intangible cultural heritage.The seal engraving art, __3__ (date) back to the Shang Dynasty, has a history of more than 3,000 years. The art form developed rapidly during the Qin Dynasty, __4__ people engraved their names on utensils (器皿) and in documents to claim ownership.Soon after Qin Shi Huang unified China, he ordered craftsmen to use jade to make an imperial seal called “Xi”. Not until the Ming Dynasty did artists and scholars begin using seals engraved with their names __5__ (mark) the ownership of their calligraphy and paintings.In 1904, Xiling Seal Engravers' Society was founded with the __6__ (combine) efforts of seal artists from different schools and places __7__ it was the first of its kind in China.Today seals are still __8__ wide use in official documents and private letters. With engraved seals gaining worldwide __9__ (appreciate) in recent years, an increasing number of people __10__ (become) fascinated with the items.Ⅲ.应用文写作精品课件·名师析题假定你是李华,你的学校正在组织“走进历史”主题活动,拟从三个活动形式中选择一个:走访老战士、表演历史剧和制作短视频。学校正在向全体师生征求建议。请你用英语写一篇短文提出自己的建议,内容包括:1.你的选择;2.你的理由。注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 课时作业(二)Ⅰ.完形填空语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小女孩莫莉受父亲的影响,喜欢寻找化石,并决定以后从事古生物学职业。1.选B 根据上文及语境可知,莫莉没有要平常的新年礼物,相反要了一双高筒靴。2.选C 根据空后“to their favorite spot on Calvert Beach”可知,他们出发去了喜欢的地方。3.选D 根据上文“she could hunt for fossils”可知,此处指莫莉的父亲热衷于寻找化石。4.选C 根据空前“has always been into fossil ________”可知,Bruce Sampson热衷于寻找化石,而孩子们和他一样具有热情,也喜欢上了寻找化石。5.选A 根据空前“an impressive collection of”可知,此处指收藏的物品。下文的“items”也是提示。6.选C 呼应上文“modern day”,此处指更古老的化石。7.选B 根据下文“She was standing in knee deep water when she first saw the tooth.”可知,此处指巨齿鲨牙齿化石。8.选A 呼应上文“Molly herself has found”,此处指曾发现过的最大的巨齿鲨牙齿化石之一。9.选A 根据下文“but it was so big”可知,巨齿鲨的牙齿化石很大。10.选C 结合语境可知,这是莫莉在回忆发现巨齿鲨牙齿化石的场景。11.选D 根据空前“it was so big”可知,牙齿化石很大,莫莉要努力才能把它拿出水面。12.选B 根据上文“take it out of the water”可知,牙齿化石被拖出了水面。13.选B 结合上文讲述莫莉发现了一个巨大的鲨鱼牙齿化石可推知,她此时比任何时候都兴奋有一天能从事古生物学的职业。14.选D 结合语境和“to get outdoors and study science”可知,此处指莫莉的妈妈希望莫莉的故事能启发其他孩子学习科学。15.选D 呼应第一段“Maryland fourth grader Molly Sampson didn't ask for typical new year's gifts this year.”可知,这次发现对于莫莉来说是最好的新年礼物。Ⅱ.语法填空语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了篆刻艺术的重要性及其发展演变史。1.an 考查冠词。根据句意“它一直是中国古典艺术不可分割的一部分”可知,此处表示泛指,且inseparable以元音音素开头,故填不定冠词an。2.was added 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语“In September 2009”可知,时态用一般过去时。主语seal engraving art为第三人称单数,且与add之间是被动关系,故填was added。3.dating 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作非谓语。date back to“追溯到”,是固定短语,无被动形式,且常用现在分词形式作状语,故填dating。4.when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为表示时间的the Qin Dynasty,从句中缺少时间状语,故填关系副词when。5.to mark 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作目的状语。故填to mark。6.combined 考查形容词。空前是定冠词the,空后是名词efforts,空处应用形容词修饰名词,故填combined,表示“共同努力”。7.and 考查连词。空处前后均为成分完整的句子;结合句意可知,前后句之间是并列关系,故填and。8.in 考查介词。in wide use“在广泛使用中”,是固定短语。9.appreciation 考查名词。空处作gaining的宾语,且空前有形容词worldwide修饰,故空处应用所给词的名词形式。此处appreciation意为“欣赏”,是不可数名词。10.have become 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“in recent years”可知,时态用现在完成时。主语与become之间是主动关系,且由“a number of”修饰,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have become。Ⅲ.应用文写作(参考范文)To whom it may concern,I'm Li Hua from Class 3, who is interested in the activity of “Entering History”.I prefer the activity method of making short videos.The reasons are as follows.First, the short video is of great convenience that the other two methods do not have.It can be done with just a few electronic devices at your fingertips.The stories on the short videos are vivid and tempt the youngsters to enjoy the background of the stories.Second, making short videos is more efficient.Every student can participate and tell about the heroes he/she admires.Students can watch a short video in a short break.Third, short videos are more widely distributed.We can make short videos and put them on social platforms, which will surely make the charm of history infect more people.I hope my advice will be helpful to you.Yours,Li Hua3 / 3选择性必修3 UNIT 3课时作业(三)读后续写讲评训练精品课件·名师析题阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。[1] Seven year old Maggie was a grade one pupil. She often spent her free time socializing with the seniors at a local retirement facility. In general, she would talk about puzzles, ice cream bars, and everything under the sun with the seniors. But most particularly, Maggie read to them, which she called her sweet task. Once or twice a week, the little girl put a few books in her backpack and got ready to visit the elderly at the facility.[2] This sweet task began on a snowy day. Maggie's mom, Tiffany Kuznia, worked at the retirement facility and often brought her daughter with her to work. As little Maggie was packing her bag, Kuznia reminded her to bring her Nintendo Switch so she would not get bored. Maggie quickly replied that she had different plans for the day. “I'm going to bring books and I'm going to read to the residents,” she declared.[3] On arrival, the girl knocked on every door of the facility to offer her services. That day, she made a good start. Patti Griggs, a retired elementary school teacher, was astonished by her reading talent. “She's such a good little reader. I taught first grade kids how to read. There were very few children who could come in and read like that,” said Griggs.[4] With time, Maggie became so beloved among the residents that she even had “regulars” she read to every week. She often visited each one for over an hour. Her mom checked on her regularly to make sure she wasn't overstaying her welcome. Much to Maggie's delight, the residents were more than happy to have her with them for an extended period of time. They were always ready to help her out when she struggled with new words. Such hiccups (小问题) happened less and less and Maggie grew more confident of reading aloud.[5] Two months later, Maggie realized that her companions had different hobbies and interests. And their educational levels varied from person to person. It was high time that she should make some changes.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式作答。Maggie decided to choose different books according to their tastes. With Patti Griggs' help, a personalized reading plan was ready. [写作构思指导]一、读文路径(把握结构主旨)二、思考路径1.理清故事双线2.关注伏笔照应伏笔1(句①):暗示续写部分会提到Maggie的甜蜜任务,以呼应前文。伏笔2(句②):暗示续写部分会提到老年人的各种不同的兴趣和爱好。3.构思续写内容(运用“5所”构思)第一段:①How did Maggie do to choose books?(所做——接续首句)②What were the interests of some seniors?(根据原文伏笔2提出问题:所做——推进情节)③What did Maggie do then?(所做——推进情节)④Did Maggie go to ask Patti for help?(所做——衔接下文)第二段:⑤What was Maggie's reading plan?(所想——接续首句)⑥What did some seniors do?What did Patti do then?(所见、所做——推进情节)⑦How about the reading plan?(根据原文伏笔1提出问题:所想——推进情节)⑧Had Maggie improved her reading skills and how about the residents?(所做——故事结局)[逻辑润色成文]一、写好两个关键语段1.请设计Maggie为老年人筹备书的微情节。 2.请设计一个合理的结尾。 二、衔接好,做到逻辑顺畅成文Maggie decided to choose different books according to their tastes. With Patti Griggs' help, a personalized reading plan was ready. 课时作业(三)一、1.Maggie managed to win over her mother and buy many varieties of books from the bookstore. She also borrowed some from her little friends. Moved by Maggie's kindness, some seniors donated their favorite books. Patti Griggs also downloaded some poems and humorous stories from the Internet and printed them to Maggie.2.(感悟式结尾)Maggie improved her reading skills and made some adorable friends. As for the residents, Maggie brightened up their day.(哲理性结尾)This win win situation was that Maggie improved her reading skills and the residents' souls got comforted.二、 Maggie decided to choose different books according to their tastes. To satisfy everyone's taste, she asked each senior what type of reading materials they enjoyed listening to. She got different answers which involved current news, children's stories, recipe and travel books. Some were more interested in poetry and drama. (对应伏笔2) With the collected information, she made a reading plan for everyone. In order to make the plan practical, she went to Patti Griggs for help, who gave her some useful guidance. (动作描写)With Patti Griggs' help, a personalized reading plan was ready. Now the first priority was to get so many kinds of reading materials. Maggie managed to win over her mother and buy many varieties of books from the bookstore. She also borrowed some from her little friends. Moved by Maggie's kindness, some seniors donated their favorite books. (心理、动作描写) Patti Griggs also downloaded some poems and humorous stories from the Internet and printed them to Maggie. Everything was going smoothly. Apparently the sweet task was a win win situation benefiting both sides. (对应伏笔1) Maggie improved her reading skills and made some adorable friends. As for the residents, Maggie brightened up their day.3 / 3选择性必修3 UNIT 3课时作业(一)主题阅读集群训练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2025·开封模考) Rocks, cliffs and quarries are not much for most of us to look at, but for paleontologist (古生物学家) Andrew Knoll, they are radiant with meaning, telling a story.That tale is the Earth's history — how the planet went from a rock covered in magma (岩浆) oceans to a green and blue orb (球体) filled with life. Between those inhospitable beginnings and now, continents formed and were torn apart, mountain ranges appeared and disappeared, ice caps spread and receded. These are the lost worlds that Knoll has explored and shed light on.“He really tries to integrate all the available data — the geological, the biological and the chemical — and puts things in perspective. He's not just a person that looks at a fossil and says, ‘Oh, this is so and so and it came from this time period.’ He is able to make this whole picture, understand why the fossil is there and the context of everything that's going on at the time,” said Daniel Conley, a biogeochemistry professor.Knoll said he first became mesmerized by fossils when he was in primary school. “I can remember the feeling when I was 12 years old and just the idea that you'd break this rock open and you'd see something that no human being has ever seen. That was a wonderful, wonderful thought, and I still get excited if I discover something or have an idea that no one else has had.”His popular science book A Brief History of Earth: Four Billion Years in Eight Chapters released in 2021 ends with an emotional call to action. “Here you stand, in the physical and biological legacy of 4 billion years,” Knoll wrote. “You walk where dinosaurs walked across hillsides, where mammoths once commanded a frozen plain. Once it was their world, and now it's yours,” he continued. “The difference between you and the dinosaurs, of course, is that you can comprehend the past and envision the future. The world you inherited is not just yours; it is your responsibility. What happens next is up to you.”1.What can be learned from rocks, cliffs and quarries in Andrew Knoll's eyes A.The physical properties of rocks.B.The history of humans on the Earth.C.The plot twists in Hollywood blockbusters.D.The evolution of the Earth over a long time span.2.Which of the following statements about Knoll is TRUE A.He reads the meaning behind a fossil better than any other scientists.B.He began his career as a paleontologist when he was in primary school.C.He tries to offer a more comprehensive view on the formation of a fossil.D.He focuses on the differences between humans and dinosaurs in his book.3.What does the underlined word “mesmerized” in paragraph 4 mean A.Puzzled. B.Fascinated.C.Distracted. D.Affected.4.What's the purpose of the passage A.To illustrate the significance of fossils.B.To market a book on the Earth's history.C.To introduce a paleontologist and his ideas.D.To motivate readers to do research on the Earth.B(2025·重庆联考)When the discovery of fossilized (成为化石的) footprints made in what's now New Mexico was made public in 2021, it was an astonishing moment for archaeology (考古学), seemingly rewriting a chapter of the human story. Now new research is offering further evidence of their significance.While they look like they could have been made yesterday, the footprints were pressed into mud 21,000 to 23,000 years ago, according to radiocarbon dating of the seeds of a water plant that were preserved above and below the fossils. This date dramatically pushed back the timeline of humans' history in the Americas, the last land to be settled by prehistoric people. The 61 dated prints, which were discovered in the Tularosa Basin, near the edge of an ancient lake in White Sands National Park, were made at a time when many scientists think that massive ice sheets had stopped human passage into North America, indicating that humans arrived in the region even earlier.However, some archaeologists questioned the age of the footprints established by those initial findings. They noted that water plants such as Ruppia cirrhosa — the one used in the 2021 study — can acquire carbon atoms from the water rather than the air, which can result in a misleadingly early date.In a follow up study published Thursday in the journal Science, researchers said they have produced two new lines of evidence to support their initial dates. “Even as the original work was being published, we were speeding up to test our results with multiple lines of evidence,” said Kathleen Springer, co lead author of the new Science paper, in a news release. “We were confident in our original ages, as well as the strong evidence.”When and how early humans first moved to the Americas has long been debated and remains poorly understood. Current estimates range from 13,000 years ago to more than 20,000 years ago. However, the earliest archaeological evidence for the region's settlement is insufficient and often controversial, making the footprints especially important.5.What is paragraph 2 mainly about A.The purpose of the new research.B.The method of the dating.C.The significance of the footprints.D.The efforts of the scientists.6.Why did some archaeologists question the age of the footprints A.It goes against the prior knowledge.B.The prints seem to be made recently.C.The previous research method is improper.D.The then massive ice sheets are misleading.7.What will the author probably talk about next A.The doubt about the age of the footprints.B.The new evidence of the fossilized footprints.C.An agreement between the two sides of the debate.D.Early humans' hardship of moving to the Americas.8.What is the purpose of the text A.To explain the process of archaeological study.B.To report the discovery of fossilized footprints.C.To introduce a debate on the age of the footprints.D.To present the progress of the footprint research.Ⅱ.阅读七选五 精品课件·名师析题Breakthroughs from science and technology have completely changed much of human life.__9__ The following are some examples of traditional methods, old ideas, and ancient techniques that are helping to solve problems in the 21st century.Yacouba Sawadogo, a farmer from Burkina Faso, West Africa, has led the transformation of poor, dry land into productive agricultural land.__10__ Pits are dug in the ground, allowing water to gather in one place.Since popularizing the use of pits, Sawadogo has helped increase food production in Burkina Faso.__11__ Here deep holes are dug in places where crops are grown, enabling water to be directed precisely to places where it is needed.And the holes are covered with soil, straw and other materials to keep in as much moisture (水分) as possible.And in Thailand, some farmers have avoided modern, chemical based methods for pest control and are instead adopting the ancient method using ducks known locally as “ped lai thoong”, meaning“field chasing (追赶) ducks”.__12__As for forest problems, periodic fires can be a solution.The reason is that they can clear out dead organic material, expose the forest floor to sunlight, and nourish the soil.__13__ Researchers have found that ancient inhabitants of the Amazon region had been using fire to clear the rainforest in a carefully controlled way to limit the risk of large outbreaks.A.But this practice is nothing new.B.Ancient techniques are proving more effective, though.C.This ground based technique is a great help to precise farming.D.He has done it thanks to an ancient way of trapping water in the soil.E.Digging holes forms an important part of agriculture in Zimbabwe, too.F.These birds are left to wander freely among fields to eat harmful insects.G.But sometimes, tried and tested ideas that have stood the test of time can still be of use.课时作业(一) Ⅰ.阅读理解[A]语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古生物学家Andrew Knoll可以通过岩石、悬崖和采石场讲述地球的历史,以及他被化石深深吸引的经历和其观点等。1.选D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,在古生物学家Andrew Knoll的眼里,可以从岩石、悬崖和采石场中了解到地球的演变历史。2.选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中生物地球化学教授Daniel Conley对Knoll的评价可知,Knoll试图对化石的形成提出更全面的看法。3.选B 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文Knoll说的话可推知,此处表示“被化石迷住”,故画线词表示“着迷,入迷”。4.选C 写作意图题。本文介绍了一位古生物学家对化石的研究与发现、他被化石迷住的经历以及他的一些观点。由此可知,本文的写作目的是介绍这位古生物学家以及他的观点。[B]语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了关于美洲最早人类足迹的持续研究。5.选C 段落大意题。根据第二段可知,本段主要讲足迹的重要性。6.选C 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知,之前的研究方法是不恰当的,这才会让他们有所怀疑。7.选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句并结合倒数第二段最后一句可以推断,作者接下来可能会进一步提供新的证据来证实对足迹化石的年代判断是正确的。8.选D 写作意图题。作者在第一段表明主题“Now new research is offering further evidence of their significance.”;第二段讲足迹的重要性;第三段讲一些考古学家提出了疑问;第四段讲进一步的研究和证据;最后一段提到了早期的研究证据不足,因此该足迹非常重要。综上可知,作者写这篇文章是为了展示足迹研究的最新进展。Ⅱ.阅读七选五语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种能帮助解决现代问题的传统方法。9.选G 空前提到科学技术的突破彻底改变了人类生活的许多方面。空后提到以下是一些用传统方法、旧思想和古老技术解决21世纪问题的例子。由此可知,空处应与空前内容形成转折,并引出传统方法。故G项“但有时候,经受住了时间考验的可靠想法仍然有用”符合语境。10.选D 空前提到来自西非布基纳法索的农民Yacouba Sawadogo将贫瘠、干燥的土地转变为多产的农业用地。空后提到在地里挖坑,让水聚集在一个地方。故D项“他能做到这一点要归功于一种将水留存在土壤中的古老方法”承上启下,符合语境。11.选E 空处为段落主题句。空后提到在这里,人们在种植作物的地方挖深洞,使水能够直接流向需要的地方。这些洞被土壤、稻草和其他材料覆盖,以保持尽可能多的水分。故E项“在津巴布韦,挖洞也是农业的重要组成部分”能概括本段主旨,符合语境。12.选F 空前提到在泰国,一些农民避免使用现代的化学方法来控制害虫,而是使用一种在当地被称为“ped lai thoong”的古老方法。由此可知,空处应是对这种方法的具体介绍。故F项“这些鸭子被放在田野里自由地游荡,吃掉害虫”说明了具体的做法和目的,符合语境。F项中的“These birds”指代上文中的“ducks”。13.选A 空前提到至于森林问题,周期性的大火可能是一个解决方案。空后提到研究人员发现,亚马孙地区的古代居民一直在以一种精心控制的方式用火清理雨林,以限制大规模爆发的风险。故A项“但这种做法并不新鲜”与上文形成转折,且与空后内容呼应,符合语境。4 / 4 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 UNIT 3 Back to the past.doc UNIT 3 Back to the past.pptx 选择性必修3 UNIT 3课时作业(一)主题阅读集群训练.doc 选择性必修3 UNIT 3课时作业(三)读后续写讲评训练.doc 选择性必修3 UNIT 3课时作业(二)语言技能综合训练.doc