资源简介

|背|单|词|
一、阅读单词(明其义)
1．breadth n．　　　　宽度；广泛
2．voyage n. 航海，航行，航天
vi. 航行，远行
3．fleet n. 舰队；捕鱼船队；车队
4．navigate vt. 航行；导航
vi. 导航
5．compass n. 罗盘，指南针；圆规
6．log n. 航海日志，正式记录；原木
vi.& vt. 伐木
7．subsequent adj. 随后的，后来的
8．captain n. 船长，机长；上校；队长
9．kingdom n. 王国；管辖范围
10．royal adj. 盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的
11．tomb n. 坟墓
12．literary adj. 文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的
13．prison n. 监狱
14．minister n. 大臣，部长
15．exceptional adj. 杰出的，优秀的；异常的，罕见的
16．phrase n. 成语，习语；短语，词组
17．format n. 总体安排，设计；版式
18．shelf n. (书架等的)架子，搁板
19．hell n. 地狱；苦难的经历，悲惨的境况
20．rub vt.&vi. 擦，磨，搓；(使)相互摩擦
21．washroom n. 洗手间，厕所
22．eagle n. 雕
23．deck n. 甲板，舱面
24．chaos n. 混乱，杂乱
25．navy n. 海军，海军部队
26．infamy n. 臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶
27．pray vi.& vt. 企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告
28．episode n. 一段经历，片段；一集
29．textile n. 纺织品；(textiles)纺织业
30．cloth n. 织物，布料
31．cottage n. 小屋，村舍
二、核心单词(书写准)
1．load vt.& vi.　 　 　装上，装入
n. 负载；承载量；大量
2．harmonious adj. 友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的
3．dismiss vt. 不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散
4．acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢
5．insist vi.& vt. 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
6．route n. 路线，路途；途径，渠道
7．depart vi.& vt. 离开，起程
8．leak vi. 漏，渗漏；渗入
vt. 漏，渗漏；泄露
n. 漏洞
9．panic n. 惊恐，恐慌
vi.& vt. (panicked，panicked) (使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措
10．regardless adv. 不顾，不加理会
11．shore n. 岸，滨
12．extensively adv. 广阔地；广泛地
13．facilitate vt. 使便利，促进
14．available adj. 可获得的，可找到的；有空的
15．pack vt.& vi. 塞进，挤进；装(箱)，收拾；打包；包装
n. 包，包裹；小盒，小包
16．contrary adj. 相反的，相对立的；截然不同的
17．aboard prep.& adv. 在(车、船、飞机等)上，上(车、船、飞机等)
18．uniform n. 制服；队服
adj. 一致的，统一的
19．dive vi. 俯冲；跳水；潜水
n. 冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水
20．thunder vi. 轰隆隆地响；打雷
n. 雷，雷声
21．meanwhile adv. 同时；其间；对比之下
22．drag vt. 拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动
23．bleed vi.(bled，bled) 失血，流血
24．hatch vt. 密谋，策划；使孵出
vi. 孵化；孵出
25．plot n. 阴谋；故事情节
vi.& vt. 密谋
26．sink vi.& vt.(sank，sunk)　下沉，沉没；坐下；降低
27．reform vt. 改进，改良，改革
n. 改革，改良
28．output n. 产量，输出量
29．shift n. 改变，转移；轮班
vi.& vt. (使)移动，(使)转移；改变
三、变形单词(晓其变)
1．convince　　vt.　 　 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
convincing adj. 令人信服的
convinced adj. 确信；坚定不移的
2．strong adj. 强壮的
strength n. 力量；力气；长处
strengthen vt.& vi. 加强，增强
3．prove vt. 证明；检验；显示 vi.证明是
proof n. 证据，证明
4．influence n．影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事 vt.影响；改变
influential adj. 有很大影响力的，有支配力的
5．finance vt.给……提供经费 n．财政，金融；资金
financial adj. 财政的，金融的，财务的
6．short adj. 短的；矮的；不足的；缺乏的
shorten vt. 变短；缩短
shortage n. 不足，短缺
7．astonish vt. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊
astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的
astonished adj. 感到惊讶
astonishment 　n. 惊讶；惊异
8．adopt vt. 采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养 vi.领养，收养
adopted adj. 收养的
adoption n. 采用；收养
9．compare v．　　比较，对比；与……类似；将……比作
comparison n. 对比；比较
10．violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的
violently adv. 猛烈地，厉害地；强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地
violence n. 暴力；暴行
11．freeze vi.& vt. 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵
freezing adj. 极冷的，严寒的
frozen adj. 冷冻的；冻坏的
12．memory n. 记忆力，记性；记忆，回忆
memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物
memorize v. 记住
四、同“族”词汇(巧积累)
1．同词尾的动词
①insist v．　　　　　　坚持要求/认为
②assist v. 帮助，援助
③resist v. 抵制，对抗
④consist v. 组成，构成
2．表“冷暖”的形容词
①freezing adj. 极冷的
②icy adj. 冰冷的
③cold adj. 寒冷的
④hot adj. 热的
⑤cool adj. 凉的
⑥warm adj. 温暖的
3．含out的合成词
①output n. 产量
②outdoor adj. 户外的
③outside adv. 在外面
④outspoken adj. 直言不讳的
⑤outbreak n. 爆发
⑥outcome n. 结果
|背|短|语|
1．set sail　　　　　　启航
2．a fleet of 机群；一队……
3．on board 在船(火车、飞机)上
4．on behalf of 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了
5．as far as 远至；只要；就……而言
6．have a far reaching impact on 对……有深远的影响
7．set foot 踏上
8．pass on 传递；继续；去世
9．expose ...to ... 使……接触……
10．be remembered as 作为……而被铭记
11．make great discoveries 　　做出重大发现
12．sort out 理顺，整理；把……安排好
13．in panic 惊慌失措地
14．regardless of 不管，不顾
15．contrary to 与……相反
16．contribute to 有助于；捐献；带来，促成；投稿
17．allow for 使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内
18．come to oneself 苏醒；恢复知觉
19．in response to 响应；回答；对……有反应
20．show respect for 对……表示尊重
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，学高级句式
1．Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way — as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.(as is/was the case“这是常见的情形”)
凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。
2．As bombs thundered all around, clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea.(as引导时间状语从句)
四周炸弹发出轰隆隆的声音，滚滚黑烟升腾入空，笼罩着海面。
二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达
单元主题：历史传统
1．Not only has the book incredibly enlarged my knowledge, but it also has got me enthusiastic about history.　这本书不仅极大地扩展了我的知识面，也使我对历史充满了热情。
2．Reading history books not only expands our horizons but also helps us learn about the truth of life.　阅读史书不但能开阔我们的眼界，还能帮助我们理解生活的真谛。
|背|语|段|
以读促写：场景渲染之“对话”场景
His head hung spiritlessly and he seemed to be crying.“You know the team needs you, don't you, David？” My words broke the silence.“I don't want to let them down, sir，” he whispered, still hanging his head in frustration.“You know that by not running you will disappoint them all.Don't you want to run？” I asked.“I'm afraid I won't make it，” he answered. “You'll never know unless you try！” Thinking for a while, David stood up，thanked me and walked away, a determined look on his face.
他无精打采地低着头，好像要哭的样子。“你知道这支队伍需要你，是吗，大卫？”我的话打破了沉默。“老师，我不想让他们失望。”他小声说着，仍神情沮丧地低着头。“你知道，如果不跑你会让他们都失望的。你不想跑吗？”我问道。“我担心我不行。”他回答。“你不尝试，永远不知道你能行！”大卫想了一会，站起来，感谢了我就走开了，脸上显出刚毅的表情。
高分悟道 本段中使用了多处人物对话，其中表示“说”的引述词有“My words, whispered, asked, answered”等，丰富了语言表达。
高分有招 表示“说”的高分词块有：words knotting in his throat 他嗓子哽咽着express one's appreciation incoherently语无伦次地表达感激之情scream with excitement 兴奋地喊叫yell at 对……大嚷大叫mutter a few words of apology低声嘀咕了几句道歉的话murmur sth. to sb. 小声对某人说某事adding that ... 补充说……
　
本部分内容见《课前默写本》P592
一、变形词汇——　
1．The activity drew us closer together, and 　　　　　　　(strength) the bond of our relationship.
2．Leave a basin of water outside in the 　　　　　　(freeze) weather, and it will soon freeze.
3．We delayed our 　　　　　　 (depart) because of the bad weather.
4．The 　　　　　　 (compare) shows considerable disagreement between theory and practice.
5．The tests show that the social environment is extremely 　　　　　　 (influence) when we're making decisions.
6．All these issues have been 　　　　　　 (extensive) researched in recent years.
易错微点
1．strengthen the bond意为“加强联系”，strengthen的常见搭配还有strengthen one's resolve to do sth.“坚定某人做某事的决心”，strengthen the body“强健体魄”。
2．freezing可用作名词，表示“冰点”，用作形容词时，意为“冰冷的”；frozen既是freeze的过去分词形式，也可用作形容词，表示“冷冻的”。
二、重点词汇——　
1．convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
①We finally convinced them 　　　　　　 our honesty and they decided to cooperate with us.
②It took me many hours to convince the poor boy 　　　　　 (go) to school again.
③Experts are 　　　　　　 (convince) that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English.
④(主旨升华句)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
我坚信诚实的重要性，它有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。
(1)convince sb./oneself of sth.使某人/自己相信某事
convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb.that ... 使某人相信……
(2)be convinced of ...确信……；相信……
be convinced that ...确信……
2．harmonious adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的
①It was obvious that the piano was out of harmony 　　　　　 the rest of the instruments.
②The colours of the Longji Rice Terraces and tall mountains make a 　　　　　　 (harmony) picture.
③(话题写作之环境保护)Only in this way can we protect our environment and 　.
只有通过这种方式才能保护我们的环境并与大自然和谐相处。
harmony n．　融洽，和睦；和谐
in harmony with 　　与……和谐相处/协调一致
out of harmony with与……不和谐/不一致
live in harmony 和睦相处，和谐共处
coexist in harmony　和谐共生
3．acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢
①I was sent a free copy in 　　　　　　 (acknowledge) of my contribution.
②He is widely acknowledged 　　　　　　 (be) one of the best singers in the world.
③She is acknowledged 　　　　　　 an excellent player, who won a gold medal in the Olympic Games.
④(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Zheng He is widely acknowledged to be one of China's most influential explorers.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Zheng He is one of China's most influential explorers.(转换为同义句)
(1)acknowledge (doing) sth.承认(做)某事
acknowledge that ...　承认……
acknowledge ...to be/as ...认为……是……
It is universally/widely acknowledged that ...……是大家所公认的
(2)acknowledgement n．承认；确认；感谢
in acknowledgement of ...对……的感谢；承认……
4．insist vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
①The new reporter insisted on 　　　　　　 (be) present at all the interviews.
②He insisted that he 　　　　　　　 (do) nothing wrong and 　　　　　　 (set) free.
③(写作增分句)You should respect the views of others, and at the same time 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持你认为正确的事情。
insist on/upon (doing) sth.坚持(做)某事
名师指津：insist“坚决要求”后接的从句中通常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)do”。
5．panic n．惊恐，恐慌 vi.& vt.(panicked, panicked)(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措
①Rumors panicked many investors 　　　　　 selling their shares.
②(情绪描写)Alice 　　　　　　　　　　　 when she thought she'd forgotten her admission card for exam.
当爱丽丝想到自己忘了带准考证时，她陷入了恐慌。
③(动作、心理描写)Mac rushed into the car, slammed the door and 　.
麦克冲进车里，砰的一声关上车门，浑身发抖，惊慌失措。
(1)in (a) panic　惊慌失措地
get into a panic＝be thrown into a panic 陷入惊慌状态
(2)panic sb.into doing sth.使某人(因惊慌)仓促做某事
6．astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊
①We were all astonished 　　　　　　 the unexpected news.
②I was astonished 　　　　　　 (see) he got up so early.
③I find it quite 　　　　　　 (astonish) that none of you like the play.
④(表情描写)She looked at the box for a long time, and then her eyes opened wide 　　　　　　　　　　.
她看了盒子很长时间，然后惊讶地睁大了眼睛。
⑤(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)To my astonishment, I took the first place in the writing contest.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I took the first place in the writing contest.(升级为what引导的主语从句)
(1)What astonishes sb.is ...使某人吃惊的是……
(2)astonishment n．　惊讶
to one's astonishment使某人惊讶的是
in astonishment 惊讶地；吃惊地
(3)astonished adj. 感到惊讶的
astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的
对(做)……感到惊讶
7．drag vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动
①I lost my bike yesterday, which dragged me 　　　　　　.
②He has nothing to do with it; don't drag him 　　　　　　 trouble.
③The last few weeks of the summer really dragged 　.
④(心理描写)She 　　　　　　　　 as she reluctantly followed her parents.　她不情愿地跟在父母后面，磨磨蹭蹭地走着。
⑤(话题写作之体育锻炼)I find it hard to 　　　　　　　　　　 at five o'clock in the morning to work out.
我发现凌晨五点从床上爬起来去锻炼对我来说很困难。
drag one's feet 行动缓慢；磨磨蹭蹭
drag sb.down 使某人沮丧
drag ...out of ... 把……从……中拖出来
drag sb.into (doing) sth.把某人拖入到(做)某事中
drag by 过得很慢；拖沓地进行
drag on 拖得太久；持续太久
三、重点短语——　
on behalf of代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了
①(欢迎辞)I'm honored to be here to extend a warm welcome to you, 　　　　　　　　　.
我很荣幸能在这里代表我们学校向你们表示热烈的欢迎。
②(写作增分句)In this passage, stars in the night sky ________________________ that gives them the confidence to move on.
在这篇文章中，夜空中的星星代表着希望，让他们有信心继续前行。
in behalf of sb.＝in sb.'s behalf 为帮助某人
stand for/represent 代表
四、一词多义——　
1.①The government imposed a ban on the export of unprocessed logs.　______________　　②It is illegal to log the trees in the forest without the government's permission.　　___________　③The captain described the accident in the ship's log.　_______　　 1.logA．n.航海日志B．n.原木C．vi.&vt.伐木
2.①With the Dragon Boat Festival approaching, I'd like to invite you to my family get together on 3rd June if you are available.　_________　　②We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.　__________　　③Worried about the time available, I had made a list of the sites I wanted to see in London.　 __________　　 2.availableA．adj.可用的B．adj.可获得的，可找到的C．adj.有空的
3.①Peter is on the day shift and I am on the night.　 __________　　②It is said that a shift in the wind is expected tonight.　 __________　　③He refused to shift his ground, even though many people advised him to.　 __________　　④The White House hopes to shift the media's attention away from foreign policy issues.　 __________　　 3.shiftA．vi.& vt.(使)移动；(使)转移B．vi.& vt.改变；更替C．n.改变，转移D．n.轮班
数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段
(说明：文中加黑词汇为本单元主题词汇)
(2023·全国乙卷·阅读理解D篇)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non literate societies such as these, all our first hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
　　　　　　[真题评价]
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about？(　 )
A．How past events should be presented.
B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words.
D．Why written language is reliable.
2．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2？(　 )
A．His report was scientific.
B．He represented the local people.
C．He ruled over Botany Bay.
D．His record was one sided.
3．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to？(　 )
A．Problem.　　　　　 B．History.
C．Voice. D．Society.
4．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from？(　 )
A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B．A Short History of Australia
C．A History of the World in 100 Objects
D．How Art Works Tell Stories
[语篇精读]
一、理文脉，把握文章大意
本文是一篇议论文，采用了“论点—论据”型的语篇模式。
二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料
1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义)
①(熟词生义)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity ...　___________　　　　　　　
②(一词多义)Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.　 ___________　　　　　　　
③(熟词生义)In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write.　 ___________　　　
　　　　
2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)
①most of the time　　　___________　　　　　　　　
②bring together 　　　　___________　　　　
③in many cases 　　　　___________　　　　
④from the English side 　___________　　　　　　　
⑤on the losing side 　___________　　　　　　　
⑥give them back a voice 　　___________　　　　　　
三、析难句，破解阅读障碍
If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
抓标志：从属连词___________；连接代词　___________
判类型：条件状语从句(含有一个宾语从句)＋主句
试翻译：如果我们想要重现那天真实发生的事情，就必须像书面报告一样深入和严格地质疑和解释这块盾牌。
由教材典句，学高级表达　
句式　as引导状语从句
|解|读|规|则|
(1)as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候；随着”；
(2)as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；既然”，语气较弱；
(3)as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照”；
(4)as引导比较状语从句，常用于as/so ...as或not as/so ...as中；
(5)as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，从句用倒装语序。倒装语序中，如果表语是名词，提至句首时，前面不加冠词。例如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.
|习|练|规|则|　(单句写作/句型转换)
①_________________________________　， you may stay at home.
既然你身体不舒服，你可以待在家里。
②You should do 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
你应该按照老师告诉你的去做。
③With time going on, he contented himself with a simple life.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， he contented himself with a simple life.
|应|用|写|美|
④(名言警句)正如谚语所说，“入乡随俗”。
　_________________________________， “Do in Rome
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.”
⑤(主旨升华句)尽管我们又累又渴，但这次五千米越野赛跑让我们受益匪浅。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we benefited a lot from the five kilometer cross country running race.
建构语义场，丰富语料库　
子语境(一)　历史人物
1．devote/dedicate one's life to ...　一生致力于……
2．deserve one's respect 值得某人尊重
3．have a far reaching impact on对……产生深远的影响
4．the major contribution of this great explorer
这位伟大探险家的主要贡献
5．Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely acknowledged, and he is remembered as one of China's most influential explorers.
郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可，他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。
6．Sima Qian, one of the greatest historians in Chinese history, was born in either 145 or 135 BCE.
司马迁，中国历史上最伟大的历史学家之一，生于公元前145年或135年。
子语境(二)　史书推荐
1．popular history books　通俗历史读物
2．academic history books 史学方面的学术著作
3．be packed with vivid descriptions充满了生动的描述
4．introduce people to the basics of history
向人们介绍历史的基本知识
5．Another thing to note is that it covers advances in astronomy, music, the calendar and so on.
另一件需要注意的事情是，它涵盖了天文学、音乐、历法等领域的进步。
6．Also, they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly, thus engaging the reader's interest.
此外，他们经常运用故事和有趣的对比来生动地描述历史人物或事件，从而吸引读者的兴趣。
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍　
(一)应用单元所学补全语段(黑体字为单元词汇的复现)
When it comes to the famous historical figure, I have to mention Fan Zhongyan.
Fan Zhongyan, ①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (他被公认为是一位有影响力的作家和政治家) in the Song Dynasty, is highly appreciated for his great contributions to society.He insisted on ②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (进行一系列的改革) to make his country prosperous.What's more, he adopted a policy to reform the way of teaching system, ③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (这对中国的教育体系产生了深远的影响)．④　　　　　　　　　　　　 (让我印象最深刻的是) his famous philosophy of life “Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land, the last to enjoy universal happiness”，which inspires me to be a man of integrity.
Fan Zhongyan is such an exceptional historical figure in China that ⑤　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　 (他完全值得我们钦佩和尊重)．
(二)主题语段的细节描写训练
1．感悟历史
History, in fact, is a collection of stories of people.Though ①　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (一些人成为焦点) for different reasons, it never becomes an excuse to take the “little” people for granted.After all, ②　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　 (他们是历史的主要组成部分) and also the most direct thrust to ③　　　　　　　　　
　 (影响着历史的进程)．
2．游览历史古城
Xi'an, ①　　　　　　　　　　　 (一座被丰富的历史和传统围绕的城市), is a popular estination for tourists.When we ②　　　　　　　　　　 (走近这座古城), we were all amazed by its beauty.During the following three days, ③　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我们欣赏了各种文化景点), and ④　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (体验了各种传统技艺), like paper cutting, shadow puppets, wickerwork, etc. Here, ⑤　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我们觉得自己似乎远离了快节奏的都市生活)．
UNIT 3　Back to the past
[课堂学案·过词汇关]
一、变形词汇
1．strengthened　2.freezing　3.departure　4.comparison
5．influential　6.extensively
二、重点词汇
1．①of　②to go　③convinced
④I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty
2．①with　②harmonious　③live in harmony with nature
3．①acknowledgement　②to be　③as
④It is widely acknowledged that
4．①being　②had done; (should) be set
③insist on what you think is right
5．①into　②got into a panic　③trembled all over in panic
6．①at/by　②to see　③astonishing　④in astonishment
⑤What astonished me was that
7．①down　②into　③by　④dragged her feet
⑤drag myself out of the bed
三、重点短语
①on behalf of/representing our school
②stand for/represent the hope
四、一词多义
1．①B　②C　③A　2.①C　②B　③A
3．①D　②C　③B　④A
[迁移应用·过阅读关]
[真题评价]
[价值导向]　本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将实物纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字的社会的重要性。本文旨在培养学生追求真理的品质，同时促进学生追本溯源意识和唯物意识的形成。
1．选A　段落大意题。根据文章首段可知，如果你想讲述不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的一段世界历史，你就不能仅依靠文字。文字是人类的后期成果之一，直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载他们的重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现，不能仅靠文字，故选A。
2．选D　推理判断题。根据第二段首句以及该段最后一句可知，作者认为历史应该是文字和实物相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到这一点。下文通过举例说明库克船长的记录是片面的，故选D。
3．选B　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice”和“all our first hand accounts are necessarily twisted ... but the objects”可知，conversation指的是历史，故选B。
4．选C　文章出处题。根据全文可知，本文讲述的重点是强调历史实物考证的重要性，故C项“《100件实物中的世界历史》”正确。
[语篇精读]
二、1.①v.给予特权　②adv.相当地；颇　③v.歪曲，曲解
2．①大部分时间　②集合；使……联合　③在许多情况下
④从英国方面来说　⑤在失败的一方　⑥给他们发声的机会
三、if; what
[发展提升·过表达关]
由教材典句，学高级表达
[句式]　①As you're not feeling well　②as the teacher told you
③As time went on　④As the saying goes; as the Romans do　⑤Exhausted and thirsty as we were
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍
(一)①who is acknowledged as/to be an influential writer and politician　②carrying out a series of reforms
③which had a far reaching impact on the Chinese educational system　④What impresses me most is
⑤he fully deserves our admiration and respect
(二)1.①some people were brought to the spotlight
②they are the main part of history
③influence the course of history
2．①a city surrounded by rich history and tradition
②approached the ancient city
③we enjoyed various cultural attractions
④experienced various traditional handicrafts
⑤we felt as if we had broken away from the fast paced urban lifestyle
20 / 20(共165张PPT)
目录
CONTENTS
迁移应用—过阅读关
03.
发展提升—过表达关
04.
自主学习—过识记关
01.
课堂学案—过词汇关
02.
课下测评—过高考关
05.
1
自主学习—过识记关
|背|单|词|
一、阅读单词(明其义)
1．breadth n．　　　　 宽度；广泛
2．voyage n. 航海，航行，航天
vi. 航行，远行
3．fleet n. 舰队；捕鱼船队；车队
4．navigate vt. 航行；导航
vi. 导航
5．compass n. 罗盘，指南针；圆规
6．log n. 航海日志，正式记录；原木
vi.& vt. 伐木
7．subsequent adj. 随后的，后来的
8．captain n. 船长，机长；上校；队长
9．kingdom n. 王国；管辖范围
10．royal adj. 盛大的，庄严的；皇家的，王室的
11．tomb n. 坟墓
12．literary adj. 文学的，文学上的；爱好文学的
13．prison n. 监狱
14．minister n. 大臣，部长
15．exceptional adj. 杰出的，优秀的；
16．phrase n. 成语，习语；短语，词组
17．format n. 总体安排，设计；版式
异常的，罕见的
18．shelf n. (书架等的)架子，搁板
19．hell n. 地狱；苦难的经历，悲惨的境况
20．rub vt.&vi. 擦，磨，搓；(使)相互摩擦
21．washroom n. 洗手间，厕所
22．eagle n. 雕
23．deck n. 甲板，舱面
24．chaos n. 混乱，杂乱
25．navy n. 海军，海军部队
26．infamy n. 臭名昭著，声名狼藉；
恶行，罪恶
27．pray vi.& vt. 企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告
28．episode n. 一段经历，片段；一集
29．textile n. 纺织品；(textiles)纺织业
30．cloth n. 织物，布料
31．cottage n. 小屋，村舍
二、核心单词(书写准)
1．load vt.& vi.　　　　 装上，装入
n. 负载；承载量；大量
2．harmonious adj. 友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的
3．dismiss vt. 不予考虑，对……不屑一提；
去除，摒除；解雇；解散
4．acknowledge vt. 承认(权威、地位)；
承认(属实)；(公开)感谢
5．insist vi.& vt. 坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
6．route n. 路线，路途；途径，渠道
7．depart vi.& vt. 离开，起程
8．leak vi. 漏，渗漏；渗入
vt. 漏，渗漏；泄露
n. 漏洞
9．panic n. 惊恐，恐慌
vi.& vt. (panicked，panicked) (使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措
10．regardless adv. 不顾，不加理会
11．shore n. 岸，滨
12．extensively adv. 广阔地；广泛地
13．facilitate vt. 使便利，促进
14．available adj. 可获得的，可找到的；有空的
15．pack vt.& vi. 塞进，挤进；装(箱)，
收拾；打包；包装
n. 包，包裹；小盒，小包
16．contrary adj. 相反的，相对立的；截然不同的
17．aboard prep.& adv. 在(车、船、飞机等)上，
上(车、船、飞机等)
18．uniform n. 制服；队服
adj. 一致的，统一的
19．dive vi. 俯冲；跳水；潜水
n. 冲，扑，俯冲；潜水；跳水
20．thunder vi. 轰隆隆地响；打雷
n. 雷，雷声
21．meanwhile adv. 同时；其间；对比之下
22．drag vt. 拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动
23．bleed vi.(bled，bled) 失血，流血
24．hatch vt. 密谋，策划；使孵出
vi. 孵化；孵出
25．plot n. 阴谋；故事情节
vi.& vt. 密谋
26．sink vi.& vt.(sank，sunk)　 下沉，沉没；坐下；降低
27．reform vt. 改进，改良，改革
n. 改革，改良
28．output n. 产量，输出量
29．shift n. 改变，转移；轮班
vi.& vt. (使)移动，(使)转移；改变
三、变形单词(晓其变)
1．convince　　vt.　　　 使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
convincing adj. 令人信服的
convinced adj. 确信；坚定不移的
2．strong adj. 强壮的
strength n. 力量；力气；长处
strengthen vt.& vi. 加强，增强
3．prove vt. 证明；检验；显示 vi.证明是
proof n. 证据，证明
4．influence n． 影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事
vt. 影响；改变
influential adj. 有很大影响力的，有支配力的
5．finance vt. 给……提供经费
n． 财政，金融；资金
financial adj. 财政的，金融的，财务的
6．short adj. 短的；矮的；不足的；缺乏的
shorten vt. 变短；缩短
shortage n. 不足，短缺
7．astonish vt. 使十分惊讶，使吃惊
astonishing adj. 令人吃惊的
astonished adj. 感到惊讶
astonishment 　n. 惊讶；惊异
8．adopt vt. 采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养
vi. 领养，收养
adopted adj. 收养的
adoption n. 采用；收养
9．compare v．　　 比较，对比；与……类似；
将……比作
comparison n. 对比；比较
10．violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的
violently adv. 猛烈地，厉害地；
强烈地，激烈地；凶狠地
violence n. 暴力；暴行
11．freeze vi.& vt. 突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵
freezing adj. 极冷的，严寒的
frozen adj. 冷冻的；冻坏的
12．memory n. 记忆力，记性；记忆，回忆
memorial n. 纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物
memorize v. 记住
四、同“族”词汇(巧积累)
1．同词尾的动词
①insist v．　　　　　　 坚持要求/认为
②assist v. 帮助，援助
③resist v. 抵制，对抗
④consist v. 组成，构成
2．表“冷暖”的形容词
①freezing adj. 极冷的
②icy adj. 冰冷的
③cold adj. 寒冷的
④hot adj. 热的
⑤cool adj. 凉的
⑥warm adj. 温暖的
3．含out的合成词
①output n. 产量
②outdoor adj. 户外的
③outside adv. 在外面
④outspoken adj. 直言不讳的
⑤outbreak n. 爆发
⑥outcome n. 结果
|背|短|语|
1．set sail　　　　　　 启航
2．a fleet of 机群；一队……
3．on board 在船(火车、飞机)上
4．on behalf of 代表(或代替)；
为帮助；为了
5．as far as 远至；只要；就……而言
6．have a far-reaching impact on 对……有深远的影响
7．set foot 踏上
8．pass on 传递；继续；去世
9．expose ...to ... 使……接触……
10．be remembered as 作为……而被铭记
11．make great discoveries 做出重大发现
12．sort out 理顺，整理；把……安排好
13．in panic 惊慌失措地
14．regardless of 不管，不顾
15．contrary to 与……相反
16．contribute to 有助于；捐献；带来，促成；投稿
17．allow for 使成为可能；考虑到，
把……计算在内
18．come to oneself 苏醒；恢复知觉
19．in response to 响应；回答；对……有反应
20．show respect for 对……表示尊重
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，学高级句式
1．Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way — as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.(as is/was the case“这是常见的情形”)
凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。
2．As bombs thundered all around, clouds of black smoke rose into the sky and hung over the sea.(as引导时间状语从句)
四周炸弹发出轰隆隆的声音，滚滚黑烟升腾入空，笼罩着海面。
二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达
单元主题：历史传统
1．Not only has the book incredibly enlarged my knowledge, but it also has got me enthusiastic about history.　这本书不仅极大地扩展了我的知识面，也使我对历史充满了热情。
2．Reading history books not only expands our horizons but also helps us learn about the truth of life.
阅读史书不但能开阔我们的眼界，还能帮助我们理解生活的真谛。
|背|语|段|
以读促写：场景渲染之“对话”场景
His head hung spiritlessly and he seemed to be crying.“You know the team needs you, don't you, David？” My words broke the silence.“I don't want to let them down, sir，” he whispered, still hanging his head in frustration.“You know that by not running you will disappoint them all.Don't you want to run？” I asked.“I'm afraid I won't make it，” he answered. “You'll never know unless you try！” Thinking for a while, David stood up，thanked me and walked away, a determined look on his face.
他无精打采地低着头，好像要哭的样子。“你知道这支队伍需要你，是吗，大卫？”我的话打破了沉默。“老师，我不想让他们失望。”他小声说着，仍神情沮丧地低着头。“你知道，如果不跑你会让他们都失望的。你不想跑吗？”我问道。“我担心我不行。”他回答。“你不尝试，永远不知道你能行！”大卫想了一会，站起来，感谢了我就走开了，脸上显出刚毅的表情。
高分悟道 本段中使用了多处人物对话，其中表示“说”的引述词有“My words, whispered, asked, answered”等，丰富了语言表达。
高分有招 表示“说”的高分词块有：
words knotting in his throat 他嗓子哽咽着
express one's appreciation incoherently
语无伦次地表达感激之情
高分有招 scream with excitement 兴奋地喊叫
yell at 对……大嚷大叫
mutter a few words of apology 低声嘀咕了几句道歉的话
murmur sth. to sb. 小声对某人说某事
adding that ... 补充说……
一、默写核心单词
1．_____ the program　　　　　　 安装程序
2．strengthen ____________ relations 加强和睦关系
3．________ the records 不考虑这些记录
4．____________ the need for reform 承认改革的必要性
5．______ on the highest standards 坚持最高标准
6．_______ from Spain 从西班牙出发
load
harmonious
dismiss
acknowledge
insist
depart
7．_____ into the cellar 渗入地下室
8．get into a ________ 陷入惊慌状态
9．__________ of all the challenges 不顾所有的挑战
10．a house on the _______ of the lake 湖岸边的房子
11．_____ your suitcase 收拾好你的行李箱
12．_________ to common belief 与一般的想法相反
13．be dressed in their _________ 穿着制服
14．the rumble of distant _________ 远处雷声隆隆
leak
panic
regardless
shores
pack
contrary
uniforms
thunder
15．_____ them into the lifeboat 将他们拖到救生艇上
16．______ its own offspring 孵化自己的后代
17．uncover a _____ 揭露阴谋
18．______ to the bottom of the sea 沉入海底
19．_____ my focus 转移我的注意力
drag
hatch
plot
sink
shift
二、默写变形单词(依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式)
convince
convincing
convinced
shorten
shortage
influence
influential
strength
strengthen
finance
financial
astonish
astonishing
astonished
adopt
adoption
memory
memorize
memorial
prove
proof
compare
comparison
violent
violently
三、默写重点短语
1．________　　　　　　 启航
2．_________ 机群；一队……
3．_________ 在船(火车、飞机)上
4．____________ 代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了
5．_________ 远至；只要；就……而言
6．___________________________ 对……有深远的影响
set sail
a fleet of
on board
on behalf of
as far as
have a far-reaching impact on
7．________ 踏上
8．________ 传递；继续；去世
9．_____________ 使……接触……
10. _________________ 作为……而被铭记
11. _____________ 不管，不顾
12．___________ 与……相反
set foot
pass on
expose ...to ...
be remembered as
regardless of
contrary to
2
课堂学案—过词汇关
一、变形词汇——练清易错微点
1．The activity drew us closer together, and _____________ (strength) the bond of our relationship.
2．Leave a basin of water outside in the ________(freeze) weather, and it will soon freeze.
3．We delayed our __________(depart) because of the bad weather.
4．The ___________(compare) shows considerable disagreement between theory and practice.
strengthened
freezing
departure
comparison
5．The tests show that the social environment is extremely ___________(influence) when we're making decisions.
6．All these issues have been ___________(extensive) researched in recent years.
influential
extensively
易错微点
1．strengthen the bond意为“加强联系”，strengthen的常见搭配还有strengthen one's resolve to do sth.“坚定某人做某事的决心”，strengthen the body“强健体魄”。
2．freezing可用作名词，表示“冰点”，用作形容词时，意为“冰冷的”；frozen既是freeze的过去分词形式，也可用作形容词，表示“冷冻的”。
二、重点词汇——练后拓展归纳
1．convince vt.使确信，使相信；说服，劝说
①We finally convinced them ____ our honesty and they decided to cooperate with us.
②It took me many hours to convince the poor boy _________(go) to school again.
of
to go
③Experts are ____________(convince) that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English.
④(主旨升华句)_________________________________________ ________, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.
我坚信诚实的重要性，它有助于建立一个温暖、和谐的社会。
convinced
I am firmly convinced of the significance of
honesty
(1)convince sb./oneself of sth. 使某人/自己相信某事
convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb.that ... 使某人相信……
(2)be convinced of ... 确信……；相信……
be convinced that ... 确信……
2．harmonious adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的
①It was obvious that the piano was out of harmony _____ the rest of the instruments.
②The colours of the Longji Rice Terraces and tall mountains make a ____________(harmony) picture.
③(话题写作之环境保护)Only in this way can we protect our environment and __________________________.
只有通过这种方式才能保护我们的环境并与大自然和谐相处。
with
harmonious
live in harmony with nature
harmony n．　 融洽，和睦；和谐
in harmony with 　 与……和谐相处/协调一致
out of harmony with 与……不和谐/不一致
live in harmony 和睦相处，和谐共处
coexist in harmony　 和谐共生
3．acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位)；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢
①I was sent a free copy in _________________(acknowledge) of my contribution.
②He is widely acknowledged _______(be) one of the best singers in the world.
③She is acknowledged _____ an excellent player, who won a gold medal in the Olympic Games.
acknowledgement
to be
as
④(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Zheng He is widely acknowledged to be one of China's most influential explorers.
→____________________________ Zheng He is one of China's most influential explorers.(转换为同义句)
It is widely acknowledged that
(1)acknowledge (doing) sth. 承认(做)某事
acknowledge that ...　 承认……
acknowledge ...to be/as ... 认为……是……
It is universally/widely acknowledged that ...
……是大家所公认的
(2)acknowledgement n． 承认；确认；感谢
in acknowledgement of ... 对……的感谢；承认……
4．insist vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说
①The new reporter insisted on ________(be) present at all the interviews.
②He insisted that he ___________(do) nothing wrong and _______________(set) free.
③(写作增分句)You should respect the views of others, and at the same time _____________________________.
你应该尊重别人的观点，同时坚持你认为正确的事情。
being
had done
(should) be set
insist on what you think is right
insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚持(做)某事
名师指津：insist“坚决要求”后接的从句中通常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)do”。
5．panic n．惊恐，恐慌 vi.& vt.(panicked, panicked)(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措
①Rumors panicked many investors ______ selling their shares.
②(情绪描写)Alice ________________ when she thought she'd forgotten her admission card for exam.
当爱丽丝想到自己忘了带准考证时，她陷入了恐慌。
③(动作、心理描写)Mac rushed into the car, slammed the door and ________________________.
麦克冲进车里，砰的一声关上车门，浑身发抖，惊慌失措。
into
got into a panic
trembled all over in panic
(1)in (a) panic　 惊慌失措地
get into a panic
＝be thrown into a panic 陷入惊慌状态
(2)panic sb.into doing sth. 使某人(因惊慌)仓促做某事
6．astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊
①We were all astonished ______ the unexpected news.
②I was astonished _______ (see) he got up so early.
③I find it quite ____________(astonish) that none of you like the play.
④(表情描写)She looked at the box for a long time, and then her eyes opened wide ______________.
她看了盒子很长时间，然后惊讶地睁大了眼睛。
at/by
to see
astonishing
in astonishment
⑤(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)To my astonishment, I took the first place in the writing contest.
→___________________________ I took the first place in the writing contest.(升级为what引导的主语从句)
What astonished me was that
(1)What astonishes sb.is ... 使某人吃惊的是……
(2)astonishment n．　 惊讶
to one's astonishment 使某人惊讶的是
in astonishment 惊讶地；吃惊地
(3)astonished adj. 感到惊讶的
astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的
对(做)……感到惊讶
7．drag vt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动
①I lost my bike yesterday, which dragged me _____.
②He has nothing to do with it; don't drag him _____ trouble.
③The last few weeks of the summer really dragged ____.
④(心理描写)She _______________as she reluctantly followed her parents.
她不情愿地跟在父母后面，磨磨蹭蹭地走着。
⑤(话题写作之体育锻炼)I find it hard to ________________________ at five o'clock in the morning to work out.
我发现凌晨五点从床上爬起来去锻炼对我来说很困难。
down
into
by
dragged her feet
drag myself out of the bed
drag one's feet 行动缓慢；磨磨蹭蹭
drag sb.down 使某人沮丧
drag ...out of ... 把……从……中拖出来
drag sb.into (doing) sth. 把某人拖入到(做)某事中
drag by 过得很慢；拖沓地进行
drag on 拖得太久；持续太久
三、重点短语——练后查找疏漏
on behalf of代表(或代替)；为帮助；为了
①(欢迎辞)I'm honored to be here to extend a warm welcome to you, _________________________________.
我很荣幸能在这里代表我们学校向你们表示热烈的欢迎。
②(写作增分句)In this passage, stars in the night sky __________________________ that gives them the confidence to move on.
在这篇文章中，夜空中的星星代表着希望，让他们有信心继续前行。
on behalf of/representing our school
stand for/represent the hope
in behalf of sb.＝in sb.'s behalf 为帮助某人
stand for/represent 代表
四、一词多义——语境中辨词义(对应右栏词义填代码)
1.①The government imposed a ban on the export of unprocessed logs. ___ ②It is illegal to log the trees in the forest without the government's permission. ___ ③The captain described the accident in the ship's log. ___ 1.log
A．n.航海日志
B．n.原木
C．vi.&vt.伐木
B
C
A
2.①With the Dragon Boat Festival approaching, I'd like to invite you to my family get-together on 3rd June if you are available. ___ ②We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before. ___ ③Worried about the time available, I had made a list of the sites I wanted to see in London. ___ 2.available
A．adj.可用的
B．adj.可获得的，可找到的
C．adj.有空的
C
B
A
3.①Peter is on the day shift and I am on the night. ___ ②It is said that a shift in the wind is expected tonight. ___ ③He refused to shift his ground, even though many people advised him to. ___ ④The White House hopes to shift the media's attention away from foreign policy issues. ___ 3.shift
A．vi.& vt.(使)移动；(使)转移
B．vi.& vt.改变；更替
C．n.改变，转移
D．n.轮班
数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段
D
C
B
A
3
迁移应用—过阅读关
(说明：文中加蓝词汇为本单元主题词汇)
(2023·全国乙卷·阅读理解D篇)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
[真题评价]
[价值导向]　本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将实物纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字的社会的重要性。本文旨在培养学生追求真理的品质，同时促进学生追本溯源意识和唯物意识的形成。
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．How past events should be presented.
B．What humanity is concerned about.
C．Whether facts speak louder than words.
D．Why written language is reliable.
√
解析：段落大意题。根据文章首段可知，如果你想讲述不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的一段世界历史，你就不能仅依靠文字。文字是人类的后期成果之一，直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载他们的重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现，不能仅靠文字，故选A。
2．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A．His report was scientific.
B．He represented the local people.
C．He ruled over Botany Bay.
D．His record was one-sided.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段首句以及该段最后一句可知，作者认为历史应该是文字和实物相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到这一点。下文通过举例说明库克船长的记录是片面的，故选D。
√
3．What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Problem.　　　　 B．History.
C．Voice. D．Society.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice”和“all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted ... but the objects”可知，conversation指的是历史，故选B。
√
4．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A．How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B．A Short History of Australia
C．A History of the World in 100 Objects
D．How Art Works Tell Stories
解析：文章出处题。根据全文可知，本文讲述的重点是强调历史实物考证的重要性，故C项“《100件实物中的世界历史》”正确。
√
[语篇精读]
一、理文脉，把握文章大意
本文是一篇议论文，采用了“论点—论据”型的语篇模式。
二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的词性及含义)
①(熟词生义)If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity ... ____________
②(一词多义)Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. _______________
③(熟词生义)In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. ______________
v.给予特权
adv.相当地；颇
v.歪曲，曲解
2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)
①most of the time　　　 ____________
②bring together _________________
③in many cases ______________
④from the English side ________________
⑤on the losing side _____________
⑥give them back a voice __________________
大部分时间
集合；使……联合
在许多情况下
从英国方面来说
在失败的一方
给他们发声的机会
三、析难句，破解阅读障碍
If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
抓标志：从属连词___；连接代词_____
判类型：条件状语从句(含有一个宾语从句)＋主句
试翻译：如果我们想要重现那天真实发生的事情，就必须像书面报告一样深入和严格地质疑和解释这块盾牌。
if
what
4
发展提升—过表达关
由教材典句，学高级表达
句式　as引导状语从句
|解|读|规|则|
(1)as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候；随着”；
(2)as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；既然”，语气较弱；
(3)as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照”；
(4)as引导比较状语从句，常用于as/so ...as或not as/so ...as中；
(5)as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，从句用倒装语序。倒装语序中，如果表语是名词，提至句首时，前面不加冠词。例如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.
|习|练|规|则|　(单句写作/句型转换)
①_______________________, you may stay at home.
既然你身体不舒服，你可以待在家里。
②You should do _____________________.
你应该按照老师告诉你的去做。
③With time going on, he contented himself with a simple life.
→_______________, he contented himself with a simple life.
As you're not feeling well
as the teacher told you
As time went on
|应|用|写|美|
④(名言警句)正如谚语所说，“入乡随俗”。
_________________, “Do in Rome _________________.”
⑤(主旨升华句)尽管我们又累又渴，但这次五千米越野赛跑让我们受益匪浅。
_______________________________, we benefited a lot from the five-kilometer cross-country running race.
As the saying goes
as the Romans do
Exhausted and thirsty as we were
建构语义场，丰富语料库
子语境(一)　历史人物
1．devote/dedicate one's life to ...　 一生致力于……
2．deserve one's respect 值得某人尊重
3．have a far-reaching impact on 对……产生深远的影响
4．the major contribution of this great explorer
这位伟大探险家的主要贡献
5．Zheng He's accomplishments are now widely acknowledged, and he is remembered as one of China's most influential explorers.
郑和的成就现在受到广泛认可，他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。
6．Sima Qian, one of the greatest historians in Chinese history, was born in either 145 or 135 BCE.
司马迁，中国历史上最伟大的历史学家之一，生于公元前145年或135年。
子语境(二)　史书推荐
1．popular history books　 通俗历史读物
2．academic history books 史学方面的学术著作
3．be packed with vivid descriptions 充满了生动的描述
4．introduce people to the basics of history
向人们介绍历史的基本知识
5．Another thing to note is that it covers advances in astronomy, music, the calendar and so on.
另一件需要注意的事情是，它涵盖了天文学、音乐、历法等领域的进步。
6．Also, they often use stories and interesting comparisons to describe historical figures or events vividly, thus engaging the reader's interest.
此外，他们经常运用故事和有趣的对比来生动地描述历史人物或事件，从而吸引读者的兴趣。
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍
(一)应用单元所学补全语段(蓝体字为单元词汇的复现)
When it comes to the famous historical figure, I have to mention Fan Zhongyan.
Fan Zhongyan, ①___________________________________________ _____________(他被公认为是一位有影响力的作家和政治家) in the Song Dynasty, is highly appreciated for his great contributions to society.He insisted on ②_____________________________ (进行一系列的改革) to make his country prosperous.What's more, he adopted a policy to reform the way of teaching system,
who is acknowledged as/to be an influential writer
and politician
carrying out a series of reforms
③____________________________________________________________ (这对中国的教育体系产生了深远的影响)．④_______________________ (让我印象最深刻的是) his famous philosophy of life “Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land, the last to enjoy universal happiness”，which inspires me to be a man of integrity.
Fan Zhongyan is such an exceptional historical figure in China that ⑤________________________________________ (他完全值得我们钦佩和尊重)．
which had a far-reaching impact on the Chinese educational system
What impresses me most is
he fully deserves our admiration and respect
(二)主题语段的细节描写训练
1．感悟历史
History, in fact, is a collection of stories of people.Though ①_______ _________________________________(一些人成为焦点) for different reasons, it never becomes an excuse to take the “little” people for granted.After all, ②_____________________________(他们是历史的主要组成部分) and also the most direct thrust to ③____________________ ________(影响着历史的进程)．
some
people were brought to the spotlight
they are the main part of history
influence the course of
history
2．游览历史古城
Xi'an, ①_________________________________________(一座被丰富的历史和传统围绕的城市), is a popular destination for tourists.When we ②_________________________(走近这座古城), we were all amazed by its beauty.During the following three days, ③__________________________ ___________(我们欣赏了各种文化景点), and ④___________________ _____________________(体验了各种传统技艺), like paper-cutting, shadow puppets, wickerwork, etc. Here, ⑤___________________________________ _______________________(我们觉得自己似乎远离了快节奏的都市生活)．
a city surrounded by rich history and tradition
approached the ancient city
we enjoyed various cultural
attractions
experienced various
traditional handicrafts
we felt as if we had broken away from the
fast-paced urban lifestyle
5
课下测评—过高考关
课时作业(一)　主题阅读集群训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·开封模考) Rocks, cliffs and quarries are not much for most of us to look at, but for paleontologist (古生物学家) Andrew Knoll, they are radiant with meaning, telling a story.
That tale is the Earth's history — how the planet went from a rock covered in magma (岩浆) oceans to a green and blue orb (球体) filled with life. Between those inhospitable beginnings and now, continents formed and were torn apart, mountain ranges appeared and disappeared, ice caps spread and receded. These are the lost worlds that Knoll has explored and shed light on.
“He really tries to integrate all the available data — the geological, the biological and the chemical — and puts things in perspective. He's not just a person that looks at a fossil and says, ‘Oh, this is so-and-so and it came from this time period.’ He is able to make this whole picture, understand why the fossil is there and the context of everything that's going on at the time，” said Daniel Conley, a biogeochemistry professor.
Knoll said he first became mesmerized by fossils when he was in primary school. “I can remember the feeling when I was 12 years old and just the idea that you'd break this rock open and you'd see something that no human being has ever seen. That was a wonderful, wonderful thought, and I still get excited if I discover something or have an idea that no one else has had.”
His popular science book A Brief History of Earth: Four Billion Years in Eight Chapters released in 2021 ends with an emotional call to action. “Here you stand, in the physical and biological legacy of 4 billion years，”Knoll wrote. “You walk where dinosaurs walked across hillsides, where mammoths once commanded a frozen plain. Once it was their world, and now it's yours，” he continued. “The difference between you and the dinosaurs, of course, is that you can comprehend the past and envision the future. The world you inherited is not just yours; it is your responsibility. What happens next is up to you.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古生物学家Andrew Knoll可以通过岩石、悬崖和采石场讲述地球的历史，以及他被化石深深吸引的经历和其观点等。
1．What can be learned from rocks, cliffs and quarries in Andrew Knoll's eyes
A．The physical properties of rocks.
B．The history of humans on the Earth.
C．The plot twists in Hollywood blockbusters.
D．The evolution of the Earth over a long time span.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，在古生物学家Andrew Knoll的眼里，可以从岩石、悬崖和采石场中了解到地球的演变历史。
√
2．Which of the following statements about Knoll is TRUE
A．He reads the meaning behind a fossil better than any other scientists.
B．He began his career as a paleontologist when he was in primary school.
C．He tries to offer a more comprehensive view on the formation of a fossil.
D．He focuses on the differences between humans and dinosaurs in his book.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中生物地球化学教授Daniel Conley对Knoll的评价可知，Knoll试图对化石的形成提出更全面的看法。
3．What does the underlined word “mesmerized” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Puzzled.　　　　　 B．Fascinated.
C．Distracted. D．Affected.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文Knoll说的话可推知，此处表示“被化石迷住”，故画线词表示“着迷，入迷”。
√
4．What's the purpose of the passage
A．To illustrate the significance of fossils.
B．To market a book on the Earth's history.
C．To introduce a paleontologist and his ideas.
D．To motivate readers to do research on the Earth.
解析：写作意图题。本文介绍了一位古生物学家对化石的研究与发现、他被化石迷住的经历以及他的一些观点。由此可知，本文的写作目的是介绍这位古生物学家以及他的观点。
√
B
(2025·重庆联考)When the discovery of fossilized (成为化石的) footprints made in what's now New Mexico was made public in 2021, it was an astonishing moment for archaeology (考古学), seemingly rewriting a chapter of the human story. Now new research is offering further evidence of their significance.
While they look like they could have been made yesterday, the footprints were pressed into mud 21,000 to 23,000 years ago, according to radiocarbon dating of the seeds of a water plant that were preserved above and below the fossils. This date dramatically pushed back the timeline of humans' history in the Americas, the last land to be settled by prehistoric people. The 61 dated prints, which were discovered in the Tularosa Basin, near the edge of an ancient lake in White Sands National Park, were made at a time when many scientists think that massive ice sheets had stopped human passage into North America, indicating that humans arrived in the region even earlier.
However, some archaeologists questioned the age of the footprints established by those initial findings. They noted that water plants such as Ruppia cirrhosa — the one used in the 2021 study — can acquire carbon atoms from the water rather than the air, which can result in a misleadingly early date.
In a follow-up study published Thursday in the journal Science, researchers said they have produced two new lines of evidence to support their initial dates. “Even as the original work was being published, we were speeding up to test our results with multiple lines of evidence，” said Kathleen Springer, co-lead author of the new Science paper, in a news release. “We were confident in our original ages, as well as the strong evidence.”
When and how early humans first moved to the Americas has long been debated and remains poorly understood. Current estimates range from 13,000 years ago to more than 20,000 years ago. However, the earliest archaeological evidence for the region's settlement is insufficient and often controversial, making the footprints especially important.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了关于美洲最早人类足迹的持续研究。
5．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The purpose of the new research.
B．The method of the dating.
C．The significance of the footprints.
D．The efforts of the scientists.
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要讲足迹的重要性。
√
6．Why did some archaeologists question the age of the footprints
A．It goes against the prior knowledge.
B．The prints seem to be made recently.
C．The previous research method is improper.
D．The then massive ice sheets are misleading.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，之前的研究方法是不恰当的，这才会让他们有所怀疑。
√
7．What will the author probably talk about next
A．The doubt about the age of the footprints.
B．The new evidence of the fossilized footprints.
C．An agreement between the two sides of the debate.
D．Early humans' hardship of moving to the Americas.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句并结合倒数第二段最后一句可以推断，作者接下来可能会进一步提供新的证据来证实对足迹化石的年代判断是正确的。
√
8．What is the purpose of the text
A．To explain the process of archaeological study.
B．To report the discovery of fossilized footprints.
C．To introduce a debate on the age of the footprints.
D．To present the progress of the footprint research.
√
解析：写作意图题。作者在第一段表明主题“Now new research is offering further evidence of their significance.”；第二段讲足迹的重要性；第三段讲一些考古学家提出了疑问；第四段讲进一步的研究和证据；最后一段提到了早期的研究证据不足，因此该足迹非常重要。综上可知，作者写这篇文章是为了展示足迹研究的最新进展。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Breakthroughs from science and technology have completely changed much of human life. 9 The following are some examples of traditional methods, old ideas, and ancient techniques that are helping to solve problems in the 21st century.
精品课件·名师析题
Yacouba Sawadogo, a farmer from Burkina Faso, West Africa, has led the transformation of poor, dry land into productive agricultural land. 10 Pits are dug in the ground, allowing water to gather in one place.Since popularizing the use of pits, Sawadogo has helped increase food production in Burkina Faso.
11 Here deep holes are dug in places where crops are grown, enabling water to be directed precisely to places where it is needed.And the holes are covered with soil, straw and other materials to keep in as much moisture (水分) as possible.
And in Thailand, some farmers have avoided modern, chemical-based methods for pest control and are instead adopting the ancient method using ducks known locally as “ped lai thoong”， meaning“field chasing (追赶) ducks”． 12
As for forest problems, periodic fires can be a solution.The reason is that they can clear out dead organic material, expose the forest floor to sunlight, and nourish the soil. 13 Researchers have found that ancient inhabitants of the Amazon region had been using fire to clear the rainforest in a carefully controlled way to limit the risk of large outbreaks.
A．But this practice is nothing new.
B．Ancient techniques are proving more effective, though.
C．This ground-based technique is a great help to precise farming.
D．He has done it thanks to an ancient way of trapping water in the soil.
E．Digging holes forms an important part of agriculture in Zimbabwe, too.
F．These birds are left to wander freely among fields to eat harmful insects.
G．But sometimes, tried and tested ideas that have stood the test of time can still be of use.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种能帮助解决现代问题的传统方法。
9．解析：选G　空前提到科学技术的突破彻底改变了人类生活的许多方面。空后提到以下是一些用传统方法、旧思想和古老技术解决21世纪问题的例子。由此可知，空处应与空前内容形成转折，并引出传统方法。故G项“但有时候，经受住了时间考验的可靠想法仍然有用”符合语境。
10．解析：选D　空前提到来自西非布基纳法索的农民Yacouba Sawadogo将贫瘠、干燥的土地转变为多产的农业用地。空后提到在地里挖坑，让水聚集在一个地方。故D项“他能做到这一点要归功于一种将水留存在土壤中的古老方法”承上启下，符合语境。
11．解析：选E　空处为段落主题句。空后提到在这里，人们在种植作物的地方挖深洞，使水能够直接流向需要的地方。这些洞被土壤、稻草和其他材料覆盖，以保持尽可能多的水分。故E项“在津巴布韦，挖洞也是农业的重要组成部分”能概括本段主旨，符合语境。
12．解析：选F　空前提到在泰国，一些农民避免使用现代的化学方法来控制害虫，而是使用一种在当地被称为“ped lai thoong”的古老方法。由此可知，空处应是对这种方法的具体介绍。故F项“这些鸭子被放在田野里自由地游荡，吃掉害虫”说明了具体的做法和目的，符合语境。F项中的“These birds”指代上文中的“ducks”。
13．解析：选A　空前提到至于森林问题，周期性的大火可能是一个解决方案。空后提到研究人员发现，亚马孙地区的古代居民一直在以一种精心控制的方式用火清理雨林，以限制大规模爆发的风险。故A项“但这种做法并不新鲜”与上文形成转折，且与空后内容呼应，符合语境。
课时作业(二)　语言技能综合训练
Ⅰ.完形填空
Maryland fourth grader Molly Sampson didn't ask for typical new year's gifts this year. 1 ， the little scientist requested cold-water waders (高筒靴) so that she could hunt for fossils.
Molly 2 with her father and sister to their favorite spot on Calvert Beach on the early morning.Molly's father, Bruce Sampson, has always been into fossil 3 ， and his daughters share his 4 .
Molly has got an impressive collection of more than 40 5 over the years.These fossils range from modern-day shark teeth to far 6 items, like megalodon (巨齿鲨) teeth.Molly herself has found megalodon 7 before, but on this day, she found one of the largest ones ever 8 .She was standing in knee-deep water when she first saw the tooth.
“I saw something 9 ， and it looked like a shark tooth，” that she 10 .“We were about knee deep in the water.”
Molly reached for the tooth, but it was so big that she 11 to take it out of the water.She felt “amazed” when she finally pulled it above the 12 and saw its size.
Now Molly is more 13 than ever to pursue a career in paleontology (古生物学) someday.Her mother says she hopes other girls will see Molly's story and become 14 to get outdoors and study science, too.“We really want other kids to get excited about being outside，” said Alicia.This amazing find is a nicer 15 for this little young scientist's new year.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小女孩莫莉受父亲的影响，喜欢寻找化石，并决定以后从事古生物学职业。
1．A.Therefore　　　　　 B．Instead
C．Besides D．However
解析：根据上文及语境可知，莫莉没有要平常的新年礼物，相反要了一双高筒靴。
√
2．A.broke up B．kept up
C．set out D．found out
解析：根据空后“to their favorite spot on Calvert Beach”可知，他们出发去了喜欢的地方。
√
3．A.stealing B．crying
C．escaping D．hunting
解析：根据上文“she could hunt for fossils”可知，此处指莫莉的父亲热衷于寻找化石。
√
4．A.doubt B．regret
C．passion D．happiness
解析：根据空前“has always been into fossil ______”可知，Bruce Sampson热衷于寻找化石，而孩子们和他一样具有热情，也喜欢上了寻找化石。
√
5．A.items B．books
C．weeks D．places
解析：根据空前“an impressive collection of”可知，此处指收藏的物品。下文的“items”也是提示。
√
6．A.younger B．cleaner
C．older D．uglier
解析：呼应上文“modern-day”，此处指更古老的化石。
7．A.nose B．teeth
C．hair D．ear
解析：根据下文“She was standing in knee-deep water when she first saw the tooth.”可知，此处指巨齿鲨牙齿化石。
√
√
8．A.discovered B．created
C．hoped D．lost
解析：呼应上文“Molly herself has found”，此处指曾发现过的最大的巨齿鲨牙齿化石之一。
√
9．A.big B．light
C．heavy D．small
解析：根据下文“but it was so big”可知，巨齿鲨的牙齿化石很大。
10．A.screamed B．worried
C．recalled D．jumped
解析：结合语境可知，这是莫莉在回忆发现巨齿鲨牙齿化石的场景。
√
√
11．A.ran B．smiled
C．hurried D．struggled
解析：根据空前“it was so big”可知，牙齿化石很大，莫莉要努力才能把它拿出水面。
√
12．A.earth B．water
C．house D．car
解析：根据上文“take it out of the water”可知，牙齿化石被拖出了水面。
√
13．A.shy B．excited
C．humorous D．afraid
解析：结合上文讲述莫莉发现了一个巨大的鲨鱼牙齿化石可推知，她此时比任何时候都兴奋有一天能从事古生物学的职业。
√
14．A.frightened B．forced
C．surprised D．inspired
解析：结合语境和“to get outdoors and study science”可知，此处指莫莉的妈妈希望莫莉的故事能启发其他孩子学习科学。
√
15．A.news B．promise
C．wish D．gift
解析：呼应第一段“Maryland fourth grader Molly Sampson didn't ask for typical new year's gifts this year.”可知，这次发现对于莫莉来说是最好的新年礼物。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·南京调研)The art of seal engraving (篆刻) is a foundation of China's fine arts. It has been 1 inseparable part of classic Chinese art. In September 2009, China's seal-engraving art 2 (add) to the list of UNESCO's items of intangible cultural heritage.
The seal-engraving art, 3 (date) back to the Shang Dynasty, has a history of more than 3,000 years. The art form developed rapidly during the Qin Dynasty, 4 people engraved their names on utensils (器皿) and in documents to claim ownership.
Soon after Qin Shi Huang unified China, he ordered craftsmen to use jade to make an imperial seal called “Xi”. Not until the Ming Dynasty did artists and scholars begin using seals engraved with their names 5 (mark) the ownership of their calligraphy and paintings.
In 1904, Xiling Seal Engravers' Society was founded with the 6 (combine) efforts of seal artists from different schools and places 7 it was the first of its kind in China.
Today seals are still 8 wide use in official documents and private letters. With engraved seals gaining worldwide 9 (appreciate) in recent years, an increasing number of people 10 (become) fascinated with the items.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了篆刻艺术的重要性及其发展演变史。
1．an　考查冠词。根据句意“它一直是中国古典艺术不可分割的一部分”可知，此处表示泛指，且inseparable以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
2．was added　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语“In September 2009”可知，时态用一般过去时。主语seal-engraving art为第三人称单数，且与add之间是被动关系，故填was added。
3．dating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语。date back to“追溯到”，是固定短语，无被动形式，且常用现在分词形式作状语，故填dating。
4．when　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为表示时间的the Qin Dynasty，从句中缺少时间状语，故填关系副词when。
5．to mark　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作目的状语。故填to mark。
6．combined　考查形容词。空前是定冠词the，空后是名词efforts，空处应用形容词修饰名词，故填combined，表示“共同努力”。
7．and　考查连词。空处前后均为成分完整的句子；结合句意可知，前后句之间是并列关系，故填and。
8．in　考查介词。in wide use“在广泛使用中”，是固定短语。
9．appreciation　考查名词。空处作gaining的宾语，且空前有形容词worldwide修饰，故空处应用所给词的名词形式。此处appreciation意为“欣赏”，是不可数名词。
10．have become　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“in recent years”可知，时态用现在完成时。主语与become之间是主动关系，且由“a number of”修饰，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have become。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你的学校正在组织“走进历史”主题活动，拟从三个活动形式中选择一个：走访老战士、表演历史剧和制作短视频。学校正在向全体师生征求建议。请你用英语写一篇短文提出自己的建议，内容包括：
1．你的选择；
2．你的理由。
精品课件·名师析题
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
To whom it may concern，
I'm Li Hua from Class 3, who is interested in the activity of “Entering History”．I prefer the activity method of making short videos.The reasons are as follows.
First, the short video is of great convenience that the other two methods do not have.It can be done with just a few electronic devices at your fingertips.The stories on the short videos are vivid and tempt
the youngsters to enjoy the background of the stories.Second, making short videos is more efficient.Every student can participate and tell about the heroes he/she admires.Students can watch a short video in a short break.Third, short videos are more widely distributed.We can make short videos and put them on social platforms, which will surely make the charm of history infect more people.
I hope my advice will be helpful to you.
Yours，
Li Hua
课时作业(三)　读后续写讲评训练　
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
精品课件·名师析题
[2] This sweet task began on a snowy day. Maggie's mom, Tiffany Kuznia, worked at the retirement facility and often brought her daughter with her to work. As little Maggie was packing her bag, Kuznia reminded her to bring her Nintendo Switch so she would not get bored. Maggie quickly replied that she had different plans for the day. “I'm going to bring books and I'm going to read to the residents，” she declared.
[3] On arrival, the girl knocked on every door of the facility to offer her services. That day, she made a good start. Patti Griggs, a retired elementary school teacher, was astonished by her reading talent. “She's such a good little reader. I taught first-grade kids how to read. There were very few children who could come in and read like that，” said Griggs.
[4] With time, Maggie became so beloved among the residents that she even had “regulars” she read to every week. She often visited each one for over an hour. Her mom checked on her regularly to make sure she wasn't overstaying her welcome. Much to Maggie's delight, the residents were more than happy to have her with them for an extended period of time. They were always ready to help her out when she struggled with new words. Such hiccups (小问题) happened less and less and Maggie grew more confident of reading aloud.
[5] Two months later, Maggie realized that her companions had different hobbies and interests. And their educational levels varied from person to person. It was high time that she should make some changes.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Maggie decided to choose different books according to their tastes.　____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________　
With Patti Griggs' help, a personalized reading plan was ready. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[写作构思指导]
一、读文路径(把握结构主旨)
二、思考路径
1．理清故事双线
2．关注伏笔照应
伏笔1(句①)：暗示续写部分会提到Maggie的甜蜜任务，以呼应前文。
伏笔2(句②)：暗示续写部分会提到老年人的各种不同的兴趣和爱好。
3．构思续写内容(运用“5所”构思)
第一段：
①How did Maggie do to choose books？(所做——接续首句)
②What were the interests of some seniors？(根据原文伏笔2提出问题：所做——推进情节)
③What did Maggie do then？(所做——推进情节)
④Did Maggie go to ask Patti for help？(所做——衔接下文)
第二段：
⑤What was Maggie's reading plan？(所想——接续首句)
⑥What did some seniors do？What did Patti do then？(所见、所做——推进情节)
⑦How about the reading plan？(根据原文伏笔1提出问题：所想——推进情节)
⑧Had Maggie improved her reading skills and how about the residents？(所做——故事结局)
[逻辑润色成文]
一、写好两个关键语段
1．请设计Maggie为老年人筹备书的微情节。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Maggie managed to win over her mother and buy many varieties of books from the bookstore. She also borrowed some from her little friends. Moved by Maggie's kindness, some seniors donated their favorite books. Patti Griggs also downloaded some poems and humorous stories from the Internet and printed them to Maggie.
2．请设计一个合理的结尾。
(感悟式结尾)_____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
(哲理式结尾)_____________________________________________ _________________________________________________
Maggie improved her reading skills and made some adorable friends. As for the residents, Maggie brightened up their day.
This win-win situation was that Maggie improved her reading skills and the residents' souls got comforted.
二、衔接好，做到逻辑顺畅成文
Maggie decided to choose different books according to their tastes. ___ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
To satisfy everyone's taste, she asked each senior what type of reading materials they enjoyed listening to. She got different answers which involved current news, children's stories, recipe and travel books. Some were more interested in poetry and drama. (对应伏笔2) With the collected information, she made a reading plan for everyone. In order to make the plan practical, she went to Patti Griggs for help, who gave her some useful guidance. (动作描写)
With Patti Griggs' help, a personalized reading plan was ready. _______ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Now the first priority was to get so many kinds of reading materials. Maggie managed to win over her mother and buy many varieties of books from the bookstore. She also borrowed some from her little friends. Moved by Maggie's kindness, some seniors donated their favorite books. (心理、动作描写) Patti Griggs also downloaded some poems and humorous stories from the Internet and printed them to Maggie. Everything was going smoothly. Apparently the sweet task was a win-win situation benefiting both sides. (对应伏笔1) Maggie improved her reading skills and made some adorable friends. As for the residents, Maggie brightened up their day.选择性必修3　UNIT 3课时作业(二)语言技能综合训练
Ⅰ.完形填空
Maryland fourth grader Molly Sampson didn't ask for typical new year's gifts this year.__1__， the little scientist requested cold water waders (高筒靴) so that she could hunt for fossils.
Molly __2__ with her father and sister to their favorite spot on Calvert Beach on the early morning.Molly's father, Bruce Sampson, has always been into fossil __3__， and his daughters share his __4__.
Molly has got an impressive collection of more than 40 __5__ over the years.These fossils range from modern day shark teeth to far __6__ items, like megalodon (巨齿鲨) teeth.Molly herself has found megalodon __7__ before, but on this day, she found one of the largest ones ever __8__.She was standing in knee deep water when she first saw the tooth.
“I saw something __9__， and it looked like a shark tooth，” that she __10__.“We were about knee deep in the water.”
Molly reached for the tooth, but it was so big that she __11__ to take it out of the water.She felt “amazed” when she finally pulled it above the __12__ and saw its size.
Now Molly is more __13__ than ever to pursue a career in paleontology (古生物学) someday.Her mother says she hopes other girls will see Molly's story and become __14__ to get outdoors and study science, too.“We really want other kids to get excited about being outside，” said Alicia.This amazing find is a nicer __15__ for this little young scientist's new year.
1．A.Therefore　　　　　　　B．Instead
C．Besides D．However
2．A.broke up B．kept up
C．set out D．found out
3．A.stealing B．crying
C．escaping D．hunting
4．A.doubt B．regret
C．passion D．happiness
5．A.items B．books
C．weeks D．places
6．A.younger B．cleaner
C．older D．uglier
7．A.nose B．teeth
C．hair D．ear
8．A.discovered B．created
C．hoped D．lost
9．A.big B．light
C．heavy D．small
10．A.screamed B．worried
C．recalled D．jumped
11．A.ran B．smiled
C．hurried D．struggled
12．A.earth B．water
C．house D．car
13．A.shy B．excited
C．humorous D．afraid
14．A.frightened B．forced
C．surprised D．inspired
15．A.news B．promise
C．wish D．gift
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·南京调研)The art of seal engraving (篆刻) is a foundation of China's fine arts. It has been __1__ inseparable part of classic Chinese art. In September 2009, China's seal engraving art __2__ (add) to the list of UNESCO's items of intangible cultural heritage.
The seal engraving art, __3__ (date) back to the Shang Dynasty, has a history of more than 3,000 years. The art form developed rapidly during the Qin Dynasty, __4__ people engraved their names on utensils (器皿) and in documents to claim ownership.
Soon after Qin Shi Huang unified China, he ordered craftsmen to use jade to make an imperial seal called “Xi”. Not until the Ming Dynasty did artists and scholars begin using seals engraved with their names __5__ (mark) the ownership of their calligraphy and paintings.
In 1904, Xiling Seal Engravers' Society was founded with the __6__ (combine) efforts of seal artists from different schools and places __7__ it was the first of its kind in China.
Today seals are still __8__ wide use in official documents and private letters. With engraved seals gaining worldwide __9__ (appreciate) in recent years, an increasing number of people __10__ (become) fascinated with the items.
Ⅲ.应用文写作精品课件·名师析题
假定你是李华，你的学校正在组织“走进历史”主题活动，拟从三个活动形式中选择一个：走访老战士、表演历史剧和制作短视频。学校正在向全体师生征求建议。请你用英语写一篇短文提出自己的建议，内容包括：
1．你的选择；
2．你的理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　
　
课时作业(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小女孩莫莉受父亲的影响，喜欢寻找化石，并决定以后从事古生物学职业。
1．选B　根据上文及语境可知，莫莉没有要平常的新年礼物，相反要了一双高筒靴。
2．选C　根据空后“to their favorite spot on Calvert Beach”可知，他们出发去了喜欢的地方。
3．选D　根据上文“she could hunt for fossils”可知，此处指莫莉的父亲热衷于寻找化石。
4．选C　根据空前“has always been into fossil ________”可知，Bruce Sampson热衷于寻找化石，而孩子们和他一样具有热情，也喜欢上了寻找化石。
5．选A　根据空前“an impressive collection of”可知，此处指收藏的物品。下文的“items”也是提示。
6．选C　呼应上文“modern day”，此处指更古老的化石。
7．选B　根据下文“She was standing in knee deep water when she first saw the tooth.”可知，此处指巨齿鲨牙齿化石。
8．选A　呼应上文“Molly herself has found”，此处指曾发现过的最大的巨齿鲨牙齿化石之一。
9．选A　根据下文“but it was so big”可知，巨齿鲨的牙齿化石很大。
10．选C　结合语境可知，这是莫莉在回忆发现巨齿鲨牙齿化石的场景。
11．选D　根据空前“it was so big”可知，牙齿化石很大，莫莉要努力才能把它拿出水面。
12．选B　根据上文“take it out of the water”可知，牙齿化石被拖出了水面。
13．选B　结合上文讲述莫莉发现了一个巨大的鲨鱼牙齿化石可推知，她此时比任何时候都兴奋有一天能从事古生物学的职业。
14．选D　结合语境和“to get outdoors and study science”可知，此处指莫莉的妈妈希望莫莉的故事能启发其他孩子学习科学。
15．选D　呼应第一段“Maryland fourth grader Molly Sampson didn't ask for typical new year's gifts this year.”可知，这次发现对于莫莉来说是最好的新年礼物。
Ⅱ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了篆刻艺术的重要性及其发展演变史。
1．an　考查冠词。根据句意“它一直是中国古典艺术不可分割的一部分”可知，此处表示泛指，且inseparable以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
2．was added　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语“In September 2009”可知，时态用一般过去时。主语seal engraving art为第三人称单数，且与add之间是被动关系，故填was added。
3．dating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作非谓语。date back to“追溯到”，是固定短语，无被动形式，且常用现在分词形式作状语，故填dating。
4．when　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为表示时间的the Qin Dynasty，从句中缺少时间状语，故填关系副词when。
5．to mark　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作目的状语。故填to mark。
6．combined　考查形容词。空前是定冠词the，空后是名词efforts，空处应用形容词修饰名词，故填combined，表示“共同努力”。
7．and　考查连词。空处前后均为成分完整的句子；结合句意可知，前后句之间是并列关系，故填and。
8．in　考查介词。in wide use“在广泛使用中”，是固定短语。
9．appreciation　考查名词。空处作gaining的宾语，且空前有形容词worldwide修饰，故空处应用所给词的名词形式。此处appreciation意为“欣赏”，是不可数名词。
10．have become　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“in recent years”可知，时态用现在完成时。主语与become之间是主动关系，且由“a number of”修饰，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have become。
Ⅲ.应用文写作(参考范文)
To whom it may concern，
I'm Li Hua from Class 3, who is interested in the activity of “Entering History”．I prefer the activity method of making short videos.The reasons are as follows.
First, the short video is of great convenience that the other two methods do not have.It can be done with just a few electronic devices at your fingertips.The stories on the short videos are vivid and tempt the youngsters to enjoy the background of the stories.Second, making short videos is more efficient.Every student can participate and tell about the heroes he/she admires.Students can watch a short video in a short break.Third, short videos are more widely distributed.We can make short videos and put them on social platforms, which will surely make the charm of history infect more people.
I hope my advice will be helpful to you.
Yours，
Li Hua
3 / 3选择性必修3　UNIT 3课时作业(三)读后续写讲评训练
精品课件·名师析题
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1] Seven year old Maggie was a grade one pupil. She often spent her free time socializing with the seniors at a local retirement facility. In general, she would talk about puzzles, ice cream bars, and everything under the sun with the seniors. But most particularly, Maggie read to them, which she called her sweet task. Once or twice a week, the little girl put a few books in her backpack and got ready to visit the elderly at the facility.
[2] This sweet task began on a snowy day. Maggie's mom, Tiffany Kuznia, worked at the retirement facility and often brought her daughter with her to work. As little Maggie was packing her bag, Kuznia reminded her to bring her Nintendo Switch so she would not get bored. Maggie quickly replied that she had different plans for the day. “I'm going to bring books and I'm going to read to the residents，” she declared.
[3] On arrival, the girl knocked on every door of the facility to offer her services. That day, she made a good start. Patti Griggs, a retired elementary school teacher, was astonished by her reading talent. “She's such a good little reader. I taught first grade kids how to read. There were very few children who could come in and read like that，” said Griggs.
[4] With time, Maggie became so beloved among the residents that she even had “regulars” she read to every week. She often visited each one for over an hour. Her mom checked on her regularly to make sure she wasn't overstaying her welcome. Much to Maggie's delight, the residents were more than happy to have her with them for an extended period of time. They were always ready to help her out when she struggled with new words. Such hiccups (小问题) happened less and less and Maggie grew more confident of reading aloud.
[5] Two months later, Maggie realized that her companions had different hobbies and interests. And their educational levels varied from person to person. It was high time that she should make some changes.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Maggie decided to choose different books according to their tastes.　
　
With Patti Griggs' help, a personalized reading plan was ready.　
　
[写作构思指导]
一、读文路径(把握结构主旨)
二、思考路径
1．理清故事双线
2．关注伏笔照应
伏笔1(句①)：暗示续写部分会提到Maggie的甜蜜任务，以呼应前文。
伏笔2(句②)：暗示续写部分会提到老年人的各种不同的兴趣和爱好。
3．构思续写内容(运用“5所”构思)
第一段：
①How did Maggie do to choose books？(所做——接续首句)
②What were the interests of some seniors？(根据原文伏笔2提出问题：所做——推进情节)
③What did Maggie do then？(所做——推进情节)
④Did Maggie go to ask Patti for help？(所做——衔接下文)
第二段：
⑤What was Maggie's reading plan？(所想——接续首句)
⑥What did some seniors do？What did Patti do then？(所见、所做——推进情节)
⑦How about the reading plan？(根据原文伏笔1提出问题：所想——推进情节)
⑧Had Maggie improved her reading skills and how about the residents？(所做——故事结局)
[逻辑润色成文]
一、写好两个关键语段
1．请设计Maggie为老年人筹备书的微情节。
　
　
2．请设计一个合理的结尾。
　
二、衔接好，做到逻辑顺畅成文
Maggie decided to choose different books according to their tastes. 　
　
　
With Patti Griggs' help, a personalized reading plan was ready. 　
　
　
　
课时作业(三)
一、1.Maggie managed to win over her mother and buy many varieties of books from the bookstore. She also borrowed some from her little friends. Moved by Maggie's kindness, some seniors donated their favorite books. Patti Griggs also downloaded some poems and humorous stories from the Internet and printed them to Maggie.
2．(感悟式结尾)Maggie improved her reading skills and made some adorable friends. As for the residents, Maggie brightened up their day.
(哲理性结尾)This win win situation was that Maggie improved her reading skills and the residents' souls got comforted.
二、　　Maggie decided to choose different books according to their tastes. To satisfy everyone's taste, she asked each senior what type of reading materials they enjoyed listening to. She got different answers which involved current news, children's stories, recipe and travel books. Some were more interested in poetry and drama. (对应伏笔2) With the collected information, she made a reading plan for everyone. In order to make the plan practical, she went to Patti Griggs for help, who gave her some useful guidance. (动作描写)
With Patti Griggs' help, a personalized reading plan was ready. Now the first priority was to get so many kinds of reading materials. Maggie managed to win over her mother and buy many varieties of books from the bookstore. She also borrowed some from her little friends. Moved by Maggie's kindness, some seniors donated their favorite books. (心理、动作描写) Patti Griggs also downloaded some poems and humorous stories from the Internet and printed them to Maggie. Everything was going smoothly. Apparently the sweet task was a win win situation benefiting both sides. (对应伏笔1) Maggie improved her reading skills and made some adorable friends. As for the residents, Maggie brightened up their day.
3 / 3选择性必修3　UNIT 3课时作业(一)主题阅读集群训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·开封模考) Rocks, cliffs and quarries are not much for most of us to look at, but for paleontologist (古生物学家) Andrew Knoll, they are radiant with meaning, telling a story.
That tale is the Earth's history — how the planet went from a rock covered in magma (岩浆) oceans to a green and blue orb (球体) filled with life. Between those inhospitable beginnings and now, continents formed and were torn apart, mountain ranges appeared and disappeared, ice caps spread and receded. These are the lost worlds that Knoll has explored and shed light on.
“He really tries to integrate all the available data — the geological, the biological and the chemical — and puts things in perspective. He's not just a person that looks at a fossil and says, ‘Oh, this is so and so and it came from this time period.’ He is able to make this whole picture, understand why the fossil is there and the context of everything that's going on at the time，” said Daniel Conley, a biogeochemistry professor.
Knoll said he first became mesmerized by fossils when he was in primary school. “I can remember the feeling when I was 12 years old and just the idea that you'd break this rock open and you'd see something that no human being has ever seen. That was a wonderful, wonderful thought, and I still get excited if I discover something or have an idea that no one else has had.”
His popular science book A Brief History of Earth: Four Billion Years in Eight Chapters released in 2021 ends with an emotional call to action. “Here you stand, in the physical and biological legacy of 4 billion years，” Knoll wrote. “You walk where dinosaurs walked across hillsides, where mammoths once commanded a frozen plain. Once it was their world, and now it's yours，” he continued. “The difference between you and the dinosaurs, of course, is that you can comprehend the past and envision the future. The world you inherited is not just yours; it is your responsibility. What happens next is up to you.”
1．What can be learned from rocks, cliffs and quarries in Andrew Knoll's eyes
A．The physical properties of rocks.
B．The history of humans on the Earth.
C．The plot twists in Hollywood blockbusters.
D．The evolution of the Earth over a long time span.
2．Which of the following statements about Knoll is TRUE
A．He reads the meaning behind a fossil better than any other scientists.
B．He began his career as a paleontologist when he was in primary school.
C．He tries to offer a more comprehensive view on the formation of a fossil.
D．He focuses on the differences between humans and dinosaurs in his book.
3．What does the underlined word “mesmerized” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Puzzled.　　　　　　B．Fascinated.
C．Distracted. D．Affected.
4．What's the purpose of the passage
A．To illustrate the significance of fossils.
B．To market a book on the Earth's history.
C．To introduce a paleontologist and his ideas.
D．To motivate readers to do research on the Earth.
B
(2025·重庆联考)When the discovery of fossilized (成为化石的) footprints made in what's now New Mexico was made public in 2021, it was an astonishing moment for archaeology (考古学), seemingly rewriting a chapter of the human story. Now new research is offering further evidence of their significance.
While they look like they could have been made yesterday, the footprints were pressed into mud 21,000 to 23,000 years ago, according to radiocarbon dating of the seeds of a water plant that were preserved above and below the fossils. This date dramatically pushed back the timeline of humans' history in the Americas, the last land to be settled by prehistoric people. The 61 dated prints, which were discovered in the Tularosa Basin, near the edge of an ancient lake in White Sands National Park, were made at a time when many scientists think that massive ice sheets had stopped human passage into North America, indicating that humans arrived in the region even earlier.
However, some archaeologists questioned the age of the footprints established by those initial findings. They noted that water plants such as Ruppia cirrhosa — the one used in the 2021 study — can acquire carbon atoms from the water rather than the air, which can result in a misleadingly early date.
In a follow up study published Thursday in the journal Science, researchers said they have produced two new lines of evidence to support their initial dates. “Even as the original work was being published, we were speeding up to test our results with multiple lines of evidence，” said Kathleen Springer, co lead author of the new Science paper, in a news release. “We were confident in our original ages, as well as the strong evidence.”
When and how early humans first moved to the Americas has long been debated and remains poorly understood. Current estimates range from 13,000 years ago to more than 20,000 years ago. However, the earliest archaeological evidence for the region's settlement is insufficient and often controversial, making the footprints especially important.
5．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The purpose of the new research.
B．The method of the dating.
C．The significance of the footprints.
D．The efforts of the scientists.
6．Why did some archaeologists question the age of the footprints
A．It goes against the prior knowledge.
B．The prints seem to be made recently.
C．The previous research method is improper.
D．The then massive ice sheets are misleading.
7．What will the author probably talk about next
A．The doubt about the age of the footprints.
B．The new evidence of the fossilized footprints.
C．An agreement between the two sides of the debate.
D．Early humans' hardship of moving to the Americas.
8．What is the purpose of the text
A．To explain the process of archaeological study.
B．To report the discovery of fossilized footprints.
C．To introduce a debate on the age of the footprints.
D．To present the progress of the footprint research.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五 精品课件·名师析题
Breakthroughs from science and technology have completely changed much of human life.__9__ The following are some examples of traditional methods, old ideas, and ancient techniques that are helping to solve problems in the 21st century.
Yacouba Sawadogo, a farmer from Burkina Faso, West Africa, has led the transformation of poor, dry land into productive agricultural land.__10__ Pits are dug in the ground, allowing water to gather in one place.Since popularizing the use of pits, Sawadogo has helped increase food production in Burkina Faso.
__11__ Here deep holes are dug in places where crops are grown, enabling water to be directed precisely to places where it is needed.And the holes are covered with soil, straw and other materials to keep in as much moisture (水分) as possible.
And in Thailand, some farmers have avoided modern, chemical based methods for pest control and are instead adopting the ancient method using ducks known locally as “ped lai thoong”， meaning“field chasing (追赶) ducks”．__12__
As for forest problems, periodic fires can be a solution.The reason is that they can clear out dead organic material, expose the forest floor to sunlight, and nourish the soil.__13__ Researchers have found that ancient inhabitants of the Amazon region had been using fire to clear the rainforest in a carefully controlled way to limit the risk of large outbreaks.
A．But this practice is nothing new.
B．Ancient techniques are proving more effective, though.
C．This ground based technique is a great help to precise farming.
D．He has done it thanks to an ancient way of trapping water in the soil.
E．Digging holes forms an important part of agriculture in Zimbabwe, too.
F．These birds are left to wander freely among fields to eat harmful insects.
G．But sometimes, tried and tested ideas that have stood the test of time can still be of use.
课时作业(一)　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古生物学家Andrew Knoll可以通过岩石、悬崖和采石场讲述地球的历史，以及他被化石深深吸引的经历和其观点等。
1．选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，在古生物学家Andrew Knoll的眼里，可以从岩石、悬崖和采石场中了解到地球的演变历史。
2．选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中生物地球化学教授Daniel Conley对Knoll的评价可知，Knoll试图对化石的形成提出更全面的看法。
3．选B　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文Knoll说的话可推知，此处表示“被化石迷住”，故画线词表示“着迷，入迷”。
4．选C　写作意图题。本文介绍了一位古生物学家对化石的研究与发现、他被化石迷住的经历以及他的一些观点。由此可知，本文的写作目的是介绍这位古生物学家以及他的观点。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了关于美洲最早人类足迹的持续研究。
5．选C　段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要讲足迹的重要性。
6．选C　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，之前的研究方法是不恰当的，这才会让他们有所怀疑。
7．选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句并结合倒数第二段最后一句可以推断，作者接下来可能会进一步提供新的证据来证实对足迹化石的年代判断是正确的。
8．选D　写作意图题。作者在第一段表明主题“Now new research is offering further evidence of their significance.”；第二段讲足迹的重要性；第三段讲一些考古学家提出了疑问；第四段讲进一步的研究和证据；最后一段提到了早期的研究证据不足，因此该足迹非常重要。综上可知，作者写这篇文章是为了展示足迹研究的最新进展。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种能帮助解决现代问题的传统方法。
9．选G　空前提到科学技术的突破彻底改变了人类生活的许多方面。空后提到以下是一些用传统方法、旧思想和古老技术解决21世纪问题的例子。由此可知，空处应与空前内容形成转折，并引出传统方法。故G项“但有时候，经受住了时间考验的可靠想法仍然有用”符合语境。
10．选D　空前提到来自西非布基纳法索的农民Yacouba Sawadogo将贫瘠、干燥的土地转变为多产的农业用地。空后提到在地里挖坑，让水聚集在一个地方。故D项“他能做到这一点要归功于一种将水留存在土壤中的古老方法”承上启下，符合语境。
11．选E　空处为段落主题句。空后提到在这里，人们在种植作物的地方挖深洞，使水能够直接流向需要的地方。这些洞被土壤、稻草和其他材料覆盖，以保持尽可能多的水分。故E项“在津巴布韦，挖洞也是农业的重要组成部分”能概括本段主旨，符合语境。
12．选F　空前提到在泰国，一些农民避免使用现代的化学方法来控制害虫，而是使用一种在当地被称为“ped lai thoong”的古老方法。由此可知，空处应是对这种方法的具体介绍。故F项“这些鸭子被放在田野里自由地游荡，吃掉害虫”说明了具体的做法和目的，符合语境。F项中的“These birds”指代上文中的“ducks”。
13．选A　空前提到至于森林问题，周期性的大火可能是一个解决方案。空后提到研究人员发现，亚马孙地区的古代居民一直在以一种精心控制的方式用火清理雨林，以限制大规模爆发的风险。故A项“但这种做法并不新鲜”与上文形成转折，且与空后内容呼应，符合语境。
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