资源简介

|背|单|词|
一、阅读单词(明其义)
1．jaw n．　　　　　　下巴；颌
2．scar n. 伤疤；(精神上的)创伤；污点
3．eyebrow n. 眉毛
4．collar n. 衣领；颈圈；圈，箍
5．bless vt. (表示惊奇)；祝福
6．inch n. 英寸；少量，短距离
7．geophysicist n. 地球物理学家
8．socialist adj. 社会主义的
n. 社会主义者
9．ward n. 病房
10．substantial adj. 大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的
11．mineral n. 矿物，矿物质
12．superb adj. 极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的
13．photographer n. 摄影师，拍照者
14．nephew n. 侄子，外甥
15．wrinkle n. 皱纹；褶皱，皱痕
vt.& vi. (使脸上)起皱纹，皱起
16．sew vi.& vt. 缝，做针线活；缝上
17．anchor n. 锚；给以安全感的人(或物)
vi.& vt. 抛锚；使固定
18．virtue n. 美德；正直的品性；优点
19．integrity n. 诚实正直；完整，完好
20．organic adj. 有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的
21．starfish n. 海星，星鱼
22．garbage n. 垃圾；废话
23．saving n. 节省物，节省；储蓄金
24．bonus n. 意外收获；奖金，红利
25．jade n. 玉，碧玉
26．rejoice vi.& vt. 非常高兴，深感欣喜
二、核心单词(书写准)
1．barely adv.　　　　刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才
2．keen adj. 灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于
3．outline vt. 概述，略述
n. 概述；轮廓线，略图
4．arrest n．& vt. 逮捕，拘捕
5．wire vt. 给(某人)打电报；接通(电源)
n. 金属丝；电线；铁丝网
6．criminal n. 罪犯
adj. 犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的
7．anyhow adv. 不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地
8．principle n. 道德原则；法则；信条
9．decent adj. 正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的
10．burden n. (义务、责任等的)重担，负担
11．core adj. 核心的；最重要的
n. 核心，最重要的部分
12．cheat vt. 欺骗，蒙骗
vi. 作弊，舞弊
13．wrap vt. 包，裹，用……缠绕
n. 披肩，围巾；包裹材料
14．parcel n. 包裹，小包；一块地
vt. 裹好，打包
15．bow n. 蝴蝶结；弓
vi. 鞠躬；低(头)
16．pause vi. 停顿，暂停
n. 停顿，停顿的时间
17．pretend vi.& vt. 假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为
18．privilege n. 荣幸；特殊利益
vt. 给予特权，特别优待
19．embrace vt.& vi. 欣然接受；包含；拥抱
20．phase n. 阶段，时期
21．likewise adv. 同样地；也，而且
22．deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期
23．guidance n. 指导；导航
24．sow vt.&vi. 播种，种
25．harvest n. 收成，收获量；收获季节，收割
vt.&vi. 收割，捕猎
26．quote n. 引语
vt.&vi. 引用，引述；举例说明
三、变形单词(晓其变)
1．appoint　 　 vt.　　约定，指定，确定；任命，委任
appointed adj. 约定的，指定的
appointment n. 约定，约会；任命，委任；职务
2．rely vi. 依赖，依靠
reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的
unreliable adj. 不能信赖的，不可靠的
3．worth adj. 有……价值；值……钱
worthless adj. 没有价值的；没有用的
worthwhile adj. 值得花时间，重要的，令人愉快的
worthy adj. 值得……的；有价值的
4．suspect vt. & vi. 疑有，觉得 n．嫌疑犯，可疑对象
suspicious adj. 可疑的
suspicion n. 怀疑，嫌疑
5．innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的
n. 无辜者，单纯的人
innocently adv. 无罪地
innocence n. 天真；单纯；无罪
6．legal adj. 合法的；法律的
legally adv. 合法地，法律上
illegal adj. 非法的，不合法的
illegally adv. 非法地
7．resign vt.& vi. 　辞职，辞去
resignation n. 辞职；辞职信
8．guilt n. 愧疚
guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的
9．shame n. 羞耻，惭愧；遗憾的事
ashamed adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
shameful adj. 可耻的
shameless adj. 不知羞耻的
10．forgive vt.& vi. 　原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)
forgiveness n. 原谅，宽恕
11．disappoint vt. 使失望
disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointment　 n. 失望
12．mercy n. 仁慈，宽恕
merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的
13．fault n. 过错，责任；弱点，缺点
faulty adj. 有故障的，有缺陷的
14．courage n. 勇气
encourage v. 鼓励
discourage vt. 使灰心；劝阻
discouraging adj. 令人泄气或沮丧的
discouraged adj. 灰心的
discouragement n．劝阻；泄气；使人泄气的事；挫折，气馁
四、同“族”词汇(巧积累)
1．身有“ ist”成专家
①geophysicist 　　　　　　地球物理学家
②socialist 社会主义者
③biologist 生物学家
④scientist 科学家
2．后加“ ence”变名词
①innocence 无罪，天真
②competence 能力；胜任
③confidence 信心
④consequence 结果
|背|短|语|
1．tear down　　　　　　　拆毁，拆除
2．make one's fortune 发财
3．lose contact 失去联系
4．turn up 出现，到来，露面
5．pull out 拽出，扯出；退出；驶离路边
6．arm in arm 臂挽着臂
7．under arrest 被逮捕
8．in store (for sb.) 即将发生(在某人身上)；等待着(某人)
9．be responsible for 对……负责
10．treat ...as 把……视为
11．at the mercy of sb./sth. 任……处置，对……无能为力
12．go through 经历，经受
13．in all aspects 在各方面
14．make a difference 有影响；起(重要)作用
15．contribute to 有助于；促成
16．weigh on sb./sth. 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，学高级句式
1．There used to be a restaurant where this store stands ...(There used to be ...“过去曾有……”)
这家店的位置以前是一家餐馆……
2．Chicago police thought you might have dropped over our way and wired us.(情态动词＋have done)
芝加哥警方料到你可能会顺道来我们这里，给我们发了电报。
3．Before we go to the station, here's a note for you.(before引导的时间状语从句)
在我们去警局之前，这还有张便条给你。
二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达
单元主题：诚实与责任
1．Honesty is a bridge between souls; those who are good at deceiving others will never reach the other end of the bridge.
诚实是心灵之间的桥梁，善于欺骗别人的人永远到不了桥的另一端。
2．This experience has also taught me that as long as I never give up and keep trying, I can succeed.
这次经历也教会了我，只要永不放弃并不断尝试，我就会成功。
3．Owing to the fact that he can do whatever he has chosen to do with great perseverance, he has made great achievements in many fields.
由于他能够坚持不懈地做他所选择做的任何事情，因此他在很多领域都已经取得巨大的成就。
|背|语|段|
以读促写：场景渲染之比赛场景
During the event, enthusiasm swept over us all. When the relay race was under way, the athletes were running as fast as possible to pass other opponents, which kept spectators on the edge of their seats. “Hold on! You can make it！” the students yelled. In the distance running match, all of the students, teachers and parents cheered and clapped for runners who passed by.
比赛期间我们大家热情高涨。当接力赛正在进行的时候，运动员拼命地跑，想超越其他对手，这使得观众激动不已。“加油！你能成功！”学生们欢呼道。长跑赛时，全体师生、家长为冲过去的运动员喝彩、鼓掌。
[高分悟道]　本段使用了“were running as fast as possible, kept spectators on the edge of their seats, Hold on, make it, yelled, cheered and clapped”等词汇和词块，勾勒出一幅激动人心的运动员们你追我赶的激烈的比赛场景，生动形象地表达了在场观众的兴奋之情。
　
本部分内容见《课前默写本》P594
一、变形词汇——　
1．He did well in mathematics, but 　　　　　　 (bare) got through in chemistry.
2．Only when the theory is combined with practice can the former become 　　　　　　 (rely) knowledge.
3．If you see something 　　　　　　 (suspect), inform the police at once.
4．The new CEO is an educated, considerate, and 　　　　　　 (decency) man.
5．Instead of seeing the setback as something 　　　　　　 (discourage), just accept it as a part of the journey.
6．She feels 　　　　　　 (guilt) about spending less time lately with her two kids.
7．There would be a day when our faces would be 　　　　　　 (wrinkle)．
8．If it had not been for Mr Wang's 　　　　　　 (guide), we couldn't have created the stage play successfully.
易错微点
1．suspicious意为“可疑的”，常见搭配为be suspicious of/about ...“对……怀疑”；动词suspect 的常见搭配为suspect sb.of (doing) sth.“怀疑某人(做了)某事”。
2．discouraging 意为“令人泄气的”；动词discourage的常见搭配为discourage sb.from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。
3．if it had not been for one's guidance意为“要不是有某人的指导”，guidance的常见用法还有under one's guidance＝under the guidance of sb.“在某人的指导下”。
二、重点词汇——　
1．worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的
①(选词填空)The novel is 　　　　　　　 reading but it's not 　　　　　　 of being translated. So it's not 　　　　　　 to spend so much time on it.(worth/worthy/worthwhile)
②(话题写作之图书推荐)这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。(一句多译)
→The reference book _______________________________　， because it is a great help for your study.(worth)
→The reference book _____________________________　， because it is a great help for your study.(worthy)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the reference book, because it is a great help for your study.(worthwhile)
(1)It's worthwhile to do/doing sth.值得做某事
(2)be worthy
(3)be worth
2.appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委任；职务
①It's a great pity that I can't keep the 　　　　　　 (appoint) with you to go out this weekend.
②Fortunately, we arrived at the 　　　　　　 (appoint) place on time.
③I have an appointment 　　　　　　 Dr Smith but I need to change it now.
④(语境辨义)I'm looking for a permanent appointment to feed my family.　　　　　　　　
(1)have an appointment with sb.与某人有约
make an appointment with sb.与某人预约
keep/break an appointment　守/违约
(2)appoint vt. 任命；委任；安排，确定(时间、地点)
appoint sb.as/to be ... 任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事
(3)appointed adj. 指定的；约定的
3．ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
①I was 　　　　　　 (shame) of making such a stupid mistake.
②It's 　　　　　　 shame that many students don't have self discipline when they learn on the Internet.
③I was once ashamed 　　　　　　 (admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling.
④(心理描写)　　　　　　　　　， I did not live up to my parents' expectations.　令我惭愧的是，我辜负了父母的期望。
(1)be/feel ashamed of因……感到惭愧
be ashamed to do sth. 不好意思做某事
(2)shame n．羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事
vt. 使羞愧(或惭愧)
It's a shame that ... ……真让人遗憾
to one's shame令某人感到羞耻的是
4．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的
①　　　　　　 (disappoint) at failing in the maths exam, John wouldn't like to talk about it to his parents.
②The 　　　　　　 (disappoint) news that he failed in the exam made him in low spirits.
③I saw a 　　　　　　 (disappoint) expression on his face due to his disappointing test score.
④The modern opera was a bit of a 　　　　　　 (disappoint); we expected it to be much better.
⑤(写作增分句)　　　　　　　　　　　　， it rained every day of the trip.　这次旅行天天下雨，让我们大失所望。
(1)be disappointed at/with/by sth.对某事感到失望
be disappointed in sb.　对某人感到失望
(2)disappointing adj.令人失望的
(3)disappointment n．　失望
(much) to one's disappointment＝to one's (great) disappointment 使某人(非常)失望的是
5．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为
①He often pretends 　　　　　　 (work) when actually he is just wasting time online.
②Don't pretend 　　　　　　　　 (know) what you don't know.
③When Mother came back, I pretended 　　　　　　　　　 (fall) asleep.
④(细节描写)She fought back her tears on such an occasion, 　　　　　　　　　　　.
在这种场合下她忍住了眼泪，装作没有听见他们所说的话。
pretend
三、重点短语——　
1．arm in arm 臂挽着臂
①(心理描写)Watching the old couple walking along the beach 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　 gives me a sense of happiness.
看着这对老人臂挽臂在海滩上散步，让我感到很幸福。
②(动作描写)She arranged the chairs in two rows, placed 　　　　　　　　　.她把椅子背靠背摆成两排。
③(建议信)Why don't you have a chat with her__________ 　？
你为何不坦诚地与她聊一聊？
④(话题写作之环境保护)Only when all of us join ________________ to fight against air pollution can we have a better environment.
只有我们所有人携手对抗空气污染，我们才能拥有更好的环境。
hand in hand　　　手牵手；携手
face to face 面对面
back to back 背靠背
shoulder to shoulder＝side by side 肩并肩
heart to heart 心贴心；坦诚地
step by step 一步一步地
2．go wrong出错，发生故障
①(同义替换)If you do what she tells you, you won't make a mistake.　　　　　　　　
②(写作增分句)Children must be taught to _________________　.
一定要教孩子们分清是非。
③(人物描写)He hardly 　　　　　　　　　　　　 in defence and was fine in attack.
他防守的时候几乎滴水不漏，进攻也很出色。
④(写作增分句)But even if an event is organized carefully, 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
不过即使一件事安排得很周密，也可能会出错。
(1)get sb./sth. wrong　　　　　　误会，误解，曲解
put a foot wrong 犯错误；做错事
(2)judge between right and wrong 判断是非
in the wrong (在事故、错误、争论等中) 有错，应承担责任
right a wrong 纠正错误；平反昭雪
名师指津：go wrong是“go＋形容词”结构，此处go是系动词，表示“变得”，通常指不好的变化。
四、一词多义——　
1.①Don't touch that wire or you'll get a shock.　__________②He wired his parents his flight number and arrival time.　 __________　　③As soon as the equipment is wired up, you can use it.　 __________　　 1.wireA．vt.给(某人)打电报B．vt.接通(电源)C．n.金属丝；电线
2.①They quoted us ￡3,000 for installing the equipment. __________　　　②Can you quote me an instance of when this happened 　　　③The article starts with a quote from an unnamed writer.　 __________　　④He quoted a passage from the minister's speech.　　 __________　 2.quoteA．n.引语B．vt.& vi.引用，引述C．vt.& vi.报(价)，开(价)D．vt.举例说明
数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段
(说明：文中加黑词汇为本单元主题词汇)
(2024·北京高考·阅读理解D篇)Franz Boas's description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart.Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged.With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.
The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment.Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised.These universal norms far pre date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong.The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked.These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community.More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.
The mechanism involves repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self care.Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid.Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life.Good social habits do something similar in a social context.We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient.We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.
Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much.Hence self discipline is advantageous.In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self control, just as it boosts problem solving skills in the social as well as the physical world.These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.
[真题评价]
1．What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit's moral code？(　 )
A．Living conditions were the drive.
B．Unwritten rules were the target.
C．Social tradition was the basis.
D．Honesty was the key.
2．What can we learn from this passage？(　 )
A．Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies.
B．Basic human needs lead to universal norms.
C．Language capacity is limited by self control.
D．Written laws have great influence on virtues.
3．Which would be the best title for this passage (　 )
A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures
B．The Values of Self discipline
C．Brains: Walls Against Chaos
D．The Roots of Morality
[语篇精读]
一、理文脉，把握文章大意
本文是一篇说明文，采用了“特殊—一般”型的语篇模式。
二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料
1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义)
①(熟词生义)With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.　　_________________　　　　　　
②(派生词)These universal norms far pre date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.　　 _________________　　　　　　
③(转化词)Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.　　 _________________　　　　　　
2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)
①be taken to heart　　　　_______________　　　　　　　　　
②the intense desire to belong 　_______________　　　　　　　
③the norms and values _______________　　　　　　　　
④boost problem solving skills _______________　　　　　　　　
⑤in extremely unobvious ways _______________　　　　　　　　
三、析难句，破解阅读障碍
In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self control, just as it boosts problem solving skills in the social as well as the physical world.
抓标志：连词_______________　　　　　
判类型：复合句→主句＋状语从句
试翻译：在人类中，一个很发达的大脑能提高自我控制能力，就像它能提高社会和物质世界中解决问题的能力一样。
由教材典句，学高级表达　
句式　before引导时间状语从句
|解|读|规|则|
含before 的常用句式有：
①It won't be long before ...“用不了多久就会……”(before从句用一般现在时)。
②It wasn't long before ...“没过多久就……”(before从句用一般过去时)。
③It will be＋一段时间＋before ...“要过若干时间之后才……”(before从句用一般现在时)。
④It was＋一段时间＋before ...“过了若干时间才……”(before从句用一般过去时)。
|习|练|规|则|　(单句语法填空/句型转换)
①It didn't take long 　　　　　　 they walked through the front door carrying a big box.
②We will get the results after months.
→______________________________ we get the results.
|应|用|写|美|
③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷写作)我用力握了一下他的手，然后跳下车，疯狂地向公交车跑去，在它出发前的那一刻跳了上去。
Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped _______________onto it just 　.
④(话题写作之环境保护)过不了多久，全球变暖就会导致海洋生态系统中的珊瑚礁减少99%以上。
　　　　　　　　　　　　 global warming causes coral reefs to decline by more than 99% in sea ecosystems.
建构语义场，丰富语料库　
子语境(一)　诚实守信
1．find out the truth　　　　发现真相
2．lead to a crisis of trust 导致信任危机
3．hurt people's feelings 伤害人们的感情
4．cause unexpected embarrassment or trouble
引起意想不到的尴尬或麻烦
5．Don't throw away honesty, and when you go back and pick it up, it has lost its original color！　切勿丢掉诚实，当你回过头再去捡时，它已失去了原有的色彩！
6．You should first of all keep in mind that honesty is the best policy: always strive to complete your work in a way that you can be proud of.
你首先应该记住，诚为上策： 始终都要努力以一种让你引以为豪的方式完成你的学业。
子语境(二)　承担责任
1．a well developed sense of responsibility　高度责任感
2．make the world a better place让世界更美好
3．have a responsibility to make a contribution有责任做出贡献
4．be responsible for your successes and your failures
要对自己的成功和失败负责任
5．Instead of being quick to blame others, analyse the problem, and if it is indeed your own fault, be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it.　不要急于责怪别人，先分析问题，如果确实是你自己的错，准备好承认错误，然后改正它。
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍　
(一)应用单元所学补全语段(黑体字为单元词汇的复现)
Hello everyone!
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我很荣幸能站在这里发表演讲) about the person I respect most.②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (说到我最尊重的人), I have to mention my uncle, who is always keen on helping others.
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (热心且可靠), he is always the first man to give a helping hand to those in need.④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (无论何时我感到沮丧), he always stands by me and assists me to overcome the difficulties.Under his guidance, I have learned that it's worthwhile ⑤　
　 (努力使世界更加美好)．
Such is my uncle, a decent man, from whom I learned how to be a man with great virtue.
Thank you for your listening.
(二)对标单元主题创写语段
Peter是一名很有上进心的小学生，为了周一的这次拼写测试，他整个周末都在家认真复习。终于，功夫不负有心人，他获得了满分的好成绩，并受到了Mr White的重点表扬。但是试卷发下来后，Peter却发现有个错单词被老师遗漏了……
请你结合具体情节，描写一下Peter拿到试卷后的心理变化：自豪→困惑→沉思→抉择，注意突显“Honesty is the best policy！”这一主题。
After Mr White gave the test paper back, Peter had a look at the words, feeling proud of his spelling.　
UNIT 1　Honesty and responsibility
[课堂学案·过词汇关]
一、变形词汇
1．barely　2.reliable　3.suspicious　4.decent　5.discouraging
6．guilty　7.wrinkled　8.guidance
二、重点词汇
1．①worth; worthy; worthwhile　②is worth buying; is worthy to be bought/of being bought; It is worthwhile buying/to buy
2．①appointment　②appointed　③with　④职位
3．①ashamed　②a　③to admit　④To my shame
4．①Disappointed　②disappointing　③disappointed
④disappointment　⑤To our great disappointment
5．①to be working　②to know　③to have fallen
④pretending not to hear what they said
三、重点短语
1．①arm in arm　②back to back　③heart to heart
④hand in hand
2．①go wrong　　②judge between right and wrong
③put a foot wrong　④it can go wrong
四、一词多义
1．①C　②A　③B　2.①C　②D　③A　④B
[迁移应用·过阅读关]
[真题评价]
[价值导向]　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过Franz Boas对19世纪因纽特人生活的介绍引入主题，探讨了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类共同的社会本能和学习机制之中。选文旨在引发学生思考美的真谛，审视自己的日常行为，恪守道德准则追求内在美。
1．选C　推理判断题。 根据第一段内容，尤其是尾句“With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.” 可推知，因纽特人道德准则的形成以社会传统为基础。
2．选B　细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“These universal norms far pre date the concept ...learning and problem solving.”可知，普世性规范的建立源于人类的基本需求。
3．选D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章通过 Franz Boas对19世纪因纽特人生活的介绍引入主题，探讨了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类共同的社会本能和学习机制之中。因此，D项“道德的起源”是本文的最佳标题。
[语篇精读]
二、1.①adj.棘手的，难应付的　②v.早于　③v.使……扎根
2．①铭记于心　②强烈的归属感　③规范和价值观
④提高解决问题的能力　⑤以极其不明显的方式
三、as
[发展提升·过表达关]
由教材典句，学高级表达
[句式]　①before　②It will be months before
③before it departed　④It won't be long before
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍
(一)①It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech　②When it comes to the person I respect most
③Warm hearted and reliable
④Whenever I feel discouraged
⑤to make efforts to make the world a better place
(二)参考范文：
After Mr White gave the test paper back, Peter had a look at the words, feeling proud of his spelling.All of a sudden, the word “contribusion” confused him.It didn't seem right.Peter began to compare it with the one on the word list. It turned out that he had spelled it wrong.Staring at the red sign “100” which was written on his test paper, Peter was lost in thought. After a while, he remembered a lesson Mum used to teach him, “We ought to be an honest person.After all, honesty is the best policy！” Peter raised his hand slowly and nervously, “Mr White, I didn't get 100 in the test.I missed a word.”
19 / 19(共164张PPT)
目录
CONTENTS
迁移应用—过阅读关
03.
发展提升—过表达关
04.
自主学习—过识记关
01.
课堂学案—过词汇关
02.
课下测评—过高考关
05.
1
自主学习—过识记关
|背|单|词|
一、阅读单词(明其义)
1．jaw n．　　　　　　 下巴；颌
2．scar n. 伤疤；(精神上的)创伤；污点
3．eyebrow n. 眉毛
4．collar n. 衣领；颈圈；圈，箍
5．bless vt. (表示惊奇)；祝福
6．inch n. 英寸；少量，短距离
7．geophysicist n. 地球物理学家
8．socialist adj. 社会主义的
n. 社会主义者
9．ward n. 病房
10．substantial adj. 大量的，价值巨大的；
结实的，牢固的
11．mineral n. 矿物，矿物质
12．superb adj. 极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的
13．photographer n. 摄影师，拍照者
14．nephew n. 侄子，外甥
15．wrinkle n. 皱纹；褶皱，皱痕
vt.& vi. (使脸上)起皱纹，皱起
16．sew vi.& vt. 缝，做针线活；缝上
17．anchor n. 锚；给以安全感的人(或物)
vi.& vt. 抛锚；使固定
18．virtue n. 美德；正直的品性；优点
19．integrity n. 诚实正直；完整，完好
20．organic adj. 有机的，统一的；绿色的，
不使用化肥的；生物的
21．starfish n. 海星，星鱼
22．garbage n. 垃圾；废话
23．saving n. 节省物，节省；储蓄金
24．bonus n. 意外收获；奖金，红利
25．jade n. 玉，碧玉
26．rejoice vi.& vt. 非常高兴，深感欣喜
二、核心单词(书写准)
1．barely adv.　　　　 刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；
几乎不；刚才
2．keen adj. 灵敏的，敏锐的；
渴望，热切，热衷于
3．outline vt. 概述，略述
n. 概述；轮廓线，略图
4．arrest n．& vt. 逮捕，拘捕
5．wire vt. 给(某人)打电报；接通(电源)
n. 金属丝；电线；铁丝网
6．criminal n. 罪犯
adj. 犯法的，犯罪的；
刑事的；不道德的
7．anyhow adv. 不过，总之；尽管；而且； 随便地
8．principle n. 道德原则；法则；信条
9．decent adj. 正派的，合乎礼节的；
得体的，适当的
10．burden n. (义务、责任等的)重担，负担
11．core adj. 核心的；最重要的
n. 核心，最重要的部分
12．cheat vt. 欺骗，蒙骗
vi. 作弊，舞弊
13．wrap vt. 包，裹，用……缠绕
n. 披肩，围巾；包裹材料
14．parcel n. 包裹，小包；一块地
vt. 裹好，打包
15．bow n. 蝴蝶结；弓
vi. 鞠躬；低(头)
16．pause vi. 停顿，暂停
n. 停顿，停顿的时间
17．pretend vi.& vt. 假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为
18．privilege n. 荣幸；特殊利益
vt. 给予特权，特别优待
19．embrace vt.& vi. 欣然接受；包含；拥抱
20．phase n. 阶段，时期
21．likewise adv. 同样地；也，而且
22．deadline n. 最后期限，截止日期
23．guidance n. 指导；导航
24．sow vt.&vi. 播种，种
25．harvest n. 收成，收获量；收获季节，收割
vt.&vi. 收割，捕猎
26．quote n. 引语
vt.&vi. 引用，引述；举例说明
三、变形单词(晓其变)
1．appoint　vt.　　 约定，指定，确定；任命，委任
appointed adj. 约定的，指定的
appointment n. 约定，约会；任命，委任；职务
2．rely vi. 依赖，依靠
reliable adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的；
真实可信的，可靠的
unreliable adj. 不能信赖的，不可靠的
3．worth adj. 有……价值；值……钱
worthless adj. 没有价值的；没有用的
worthwhile adj. 值得花时间，重要的，令人愉快的
worthy adj. 值得……的；有价值的
4．suspect vt. & vi. 疑有，觉得 n．嫌疑犯，可疑对象
suspicious adj. 可疑的
suspicion n. 怀疑，嫌疑
5．innocent adj. 无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的
n. 无辜者，单纯的人
innocently adv. 无罪地
innocence n. 天真；单纯；无罪
6．legal adj. 合法的；法律的
legally adv. 合法地，法律上
illegal adj. 非法的，不合法的
illegally adv. 非法地
7．resign vt.& vi. 　 辞职，辞去
resignation n. 辞职；辞职信
8．guilt n. 愧疚
guilty 　　adj. 感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；
有罪的，有过失的
9．shame n. 羞耻，惭愧；遗憾的事
ashamed adj. 惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
shameful adj. 可耻的
shameless adj. 不知羞耻的
10．forgive vt.& vi. 　 原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)
forgiveness n. 原谅，宽恕
11．disappoint vt. 使失望
disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointment　 n. 失望
12．mercy n. 仁慈，宽恕
merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的
13．fault n. 过错，责任；弱点，缺点
faulty adj. 有故障的，有缺陷的
14．courage n. 勇气
encourage v. 鼓励
discourage vt. 使灰心；劝阻
discouraging adj. 令人泄气或沮丧的
discouraged adj. 灰心的
discouragement n． 劝阻；泄气；
使人泄气的事；挫折，气馁
四、同“族”词汇(巧积累)
1．身有“-ist”成专家
①geophysicist 　　　　　　 地球物理学家
②socialist 社会主义者
③biologist 生物学家
④scientist 科学家
2．后加“-ence”变名词
①innocence 无罪，天真
②competence 能力；胜任
③confidence 信心
④consequence 结果
|背|短|语|
1．tear down　　　　　　　 拆毁，拆除
2．make one's fortune 发财
3．lose contact 失去联系
4．turn up 出现，到来，露面
5．pull out 拽出，扯出；退出；
驶离路边
6．arm in arm 臂挽着臂
7．under arrest 被逮捕
8．in store (for sb.) 即将发生(在某人身上)；
等待着(某人)
9．be responsible for 对……负责
10．treat ...as 把……视为
11．at the mercy of sb./sth. 任……处置，对……无能为力
12．go through 经历，经受
13．in all aspects 在各方面
14．make a difference 有影响；起(重要)作用
15．contribute to 有助于；促成
16．weigh on sb./sth. 使焦虑不安，
加重……的思想负担
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，学高级句式
1．There used to be a restaurant where this store stands ...(There used to be ...“过去曾有……”)
这家店的位置以前是一家餐馆……
2．Chicago police thought you might have dropped over our way and wired us.(情态动词＋have done)
芝加哥警方料到你可能会顺道来我们这里，给我们发了电报。
3．Before we go to the station, here's a note for you.(before引导的时间状语从句)
在我们去警局之前，这还有张便条给你。
二、背主题佳句，学出彩表达
单元主题：诚实与责任
1．Honesty is a bridge between souls; those who are good at deceiving others will never reach the other end of the bridge.
诚实是心灵之间的桥梁，善于欺骗别人的人永远到不了桥的另一端。
2．This experience has also taught me that as long as I never give up and keep trying, I can succeed.
这次经历也教会了我，只要永不放弃并不断尝试，我就会成功。
3．Owing to the fact that he can do whatever he has chosen to do with great perseverance, he has made great achievements in many fields.
由于他能够坚持不懈地做他所选择做的任何事情，因此他在很多领域都已经取得巨大的成就。
|背|语|段|
以读促写：场景渲染之比赛场景
During the event, enthusiasm swept over us all. When the relay race was under way, the athletes were running as fast as possible to pass other opponents, which kept spectators on the edge of their seats. “Hold on! You can make it！” the students yelled. In the distance running match, all of the students, teachers and parents cheered and clapped for runners who passed by.
比赛期间我们大家热情高涨。当接力赛正在进行的时候，运动员拼命地跑，想超越其他对手，这使得观众激动不已。“加油！你能成功！”学生们欢呼道。长跑赛时，全体师生、家长为冲过去的运动员喝彩、鼓掌。
[高分悟道]　本段使用了“were running as fast as possible, kept spectators on the edge of their seats, Hold on, make it, yelled, cheered and clapped”等词汇和词块，勾勒出一幅激动人心的运动员们你追我赶的激烈的比赛场景，生动形象地表达了在场观众的兴奋之情。
一、默写核心单词
1．______ ten o'clock at night　大约晚上十点
2．_____ eyes 锐利的眼睛
3．_______ the plan 概述计划
4．under _______ 被捕
5．_________, I will insist on doing it.
不管怎样，我都会坚持下去。
barely
keen
outline
arrest
Anyhow
6．stick to my _________ 坚持我的原则
7．a _______ place to live 相当不错的住所
8．______ the presents 包装礼物
9．a _______ of books 一包书
10．_____ in shame 羞愧地低下头
11．_______ and look back 停下回头看看
principles
decent
wrap
parcel
bow
pause
12．_______ to be reading 假装在看书
13．________ the future 迎接未来
14．inspire people to do ________ 激励人们同样那样做
15．meet the _________ 在期限内完成
16．_____ the seeds 播下种子
17．during the ________ 在收获季节
pretend
embrace
likewise
deadline
sow
harvest
二、默写变形单词(依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式)
appointment
appointed
appoint
reliable
rely
unreliable
worthwhile
worth
worthless
suspect
suspicious
suspicion
innocent
innocence
innocently
resign
resignation
guilty
guilt
ashamed
shame
forgive
forgiveness
disappointed
disappointing
merciful
mercy
fault
faulty
courage
encourage
discouraging
三、默写重点短语
1．__________　　　　　　　 拆毁，拆除
2．__________________ 发财
3．____________ 失去联系
4．__________ 出现，到来，露面
5．__________ 拽出，扯出；退出
6．___________ 臂挽着臂
tear down
make one's fortune
lose contact
turn up
pull out
arm in arm
7．_____________ 被逮捕
8．________________ 即将发生(在某人身上)
9．_________________ 对……负责
10．__________ 把……视为
11．_____________________ 任……处置
12．_______________ 使焦虑不安
under arrest
in store (for sb.)
be responsible for
treat ...as
at the mercy of sb./sth.
weigh on sb./sth.
2
课堂学案—过词汇关
一、变形词汇——练清易错微点
1．He did well in mathematics, but _______(bare) got through in chemistry.
2．Only when the theory is combined with practice can the former become ________(rely) knowledge.
3．If you see something __________(suspect), inform the police at once.
4．The new CEO is an educated, considerate, and ________ (decency) man.
barely
reliable
suspicious
decent
5．Instead of seeing the setback as something ______________ (discourage), just accept it as a part of the journey.
6．She feels ________(guilt) about spending less time lately with her two kids.
7．There would be a day when our faces would be ___________ (wrinkle)．
8．If it had not been for Mr Wang's _________(guide), we couldn't have created the stage play successfully.
discouraging
guilty
wrinkled
guidance
易错微点
1．suspicious意为“可疑的”，常见搭配为be suspicious of/about ...“对……怀疑”；动词suspect 的常见搭配为suspect sb.of (doing) sth.“怀疑某人(做了)某事”。
2．discouraging 意为“令人泄气的”；动词discourage的常见搭配为discourage sb.from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”。
3．if it had not been for one's guidance意为“要不是有某人的指导”，guidance的常见用法还有under one's guidance＝under the guidance of sb.“在某人的指导下”。
二、重点词汇——练后拓展归纳
1．worthwhile adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，
令人愉快的
①(选词填空)The novel is ________ reading but it's not ________ of being translated. So it's not _____________ to spend so much time on it.(worth/worthy/worthwhile)
worth
worthy
worthwhile
②(话题写作之图书推荐)这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。(一句多译)
→The reference book ________________, because it is a great help for your study.(worth)
→The reference book ____________________________________, because it is a great help for your study.(worthy)
→___________________________ the reference book, because it is a great help for your study.(worthwhile)
is worth buying
is worthy to be bought/of being bought
It is worthwhile buying/to buy
2．appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委任；职务
①It's a great pity that I can't keep the _____________(appoint) with you to go out this weekend.
②Fortunately, we arrived at the __________(appoint) place on time.
③I have an appointment ______ Dr Smith but I need to change it now.
④(语境辨义)I'm looking for a permanent appointment to feed my family. ______
appointment
appointed
with
职位
(1)have an appointment with sb. 与某人有约
make an appointment with sb. 与某人预约
keep/break an appointment　 守/违约
(2)appoint vt. 任命；委任；安排，
确定(时间、地点)
appoint sb.as/to be ... 任命某人为……
appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(3)appointed adj. 指定的；约定的
3．ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
①I was __________(shame) of making such a stupid mistake.
②It's ____ shame that many students don't have self-discipline when they learn on the Internet.
③I was once ashamed ___________(admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling.
④(心理描写)______________, I did not live up to my parents' expectations.
令我惭愧的是，我辜负了父母的期望。
ashamed
a
to admit
To my shame
(1)be/feel ashamed of 因……感到惭愧
be ashamed to do sth. 不好意思做某事
(2)shame n． 羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事
vt. 使羞愧(或惭愧)
It's a shame that ... ……真让人遗憾
to one's shame 令某人感到羞耻的是
4．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的
①______________(disappoint) at failing in the maths exam, John wouldn't like to talk about it to his parents.
②The ______________(disappoint) news that he failed in the exam made him in low spirits.
③I saw a ______________(disappoint) expression on his face due to his disappointing test score.
Disappointed
disappointing
disappointed
④The modern opera was a bit of a _______________(disappoint); we expected it to be much better.
⑤(写作增分句)__________________________, it rained every day of the trip.　
这次旅行天天下雨，让我们大失所望。
disappointment
To our great disappointment
(1)be disappointed at/with/by sth. 对某事感到失望
be disappointed in sb. 对某人感到失望
(2)disappointing adj. 令人失望的
(3)disappointment n. 失望
(much) to one's disappointment
＝to one's (great) disappointment 使某人(非常)失望的是
5．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为
①He often pretends _____________(work) when actually he is just wasting time online.
②Don't pretend _________(know) what you don't know.
③When Mother came back, I pretended _____________(fall) asleep.
④(细节描写)She fought back her tears on such an occasion, __________________________________.
在这种场合下她忍住了眼泪，装作没有听见他们所说的话。
to be working
to know
to have fallen
pretending not to hear what they said
三、重点短语——练后查找疏漏
1．arm in arm 臂挽着臂
①(心理描写)Watching the old couple walking along the beach _____________ gives me a sense of happiness.
看着这对老人臂挽臂在海滩上散步，让我感到很幸福。
②(动作描写)She arranged the chairs in two rows, placed _____________.　
她把椅子背靠背摆成两排。
arm in arm
back to back
③(建议信)Why don't you have a chat with her ______________
你为何不坦诚地与她聊一聊？
④(话题写作之环境保护)Only when all of us join _____________ to fight against air pollution can we have a better environment.
只有我们所有人携手对抗空气污染，我们才能拥有更好的环境。
heart to heart
hand in hand
hand in hand　　　 手牵手；携手
face to face 面对面
back to back 背靠背
shoulder to shoulder＝side by side 肩并肩
heart to heart 心贴心；坦诚地
step by step 一步一步地
2.go wrong出错，发生故障
①(同义替换)If you do what she tells you, you won't make a mistake. __________
②(写作增分句)Children must be taught to __________________ ___________.　
一定要教孩子们分清是非。
go wrong
judge between right
and wrong
③(人物描写)He hardly _________________ in defence and was fine in attack.　
他防守的时候几乎滴水不漏，进攻也很出色。
④(写作增分句)But even if an event is organized carefully, ________________.　
不过即使一件事安排得很周密，也可能会出错。
put a foot wrong
it can go wrong
(1)get sb./sth. Wrong 误会，误解，曲解
put a foot wrong 犯错误；做错事
(2)judge between right and wrong 判断是非
in the wrong (在事故、错误、争论等中)
有错，应承担责任
right a wrong 纠正错误；平反昭雪
名师指津：go wrong是“go＋形容词”结构，此处go是系动词，表示“变得”，通常指不好的变化。
四、一词多义——语境中辨词义(对应右栏词义填代码)
1.①Don't touch that wire or you'll get a shock. ___ ②He wired his parents his flight number and arrival time. ___ ③As soon as the equipment is wired up, you can use it. ___ 1.wire
A．vt.给(某人)打电报
B．vt.接通(电源)
C．n.金属丝；电线
C
A
B
2.①They quoted us ￡3,000 for installing the equipment. ___ ②Can you quote me an instance of when this happened ___ ③The article starts with a quote from an unnamed writer. ___ ④He quoted a passage from the minister's speech. ___ 2.quote
A．n.引语
B．vt.& vi.引用，
引述
C．vt.& vi.报(价)，开(价)
D．vt.举例说明
数智赋能 随堂训练—用单元所学知识补全语段
C
D
A
B
3
迁移应用—过阅读关
(说明：文中加蓝词汇为本单元主题词汇)
(2024·北京高考·阅读理解D篇)Franz Boas's description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and taken to heart.Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged.With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.
The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social group's history and environment.Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised.These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving.
Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong.The approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked.These social emotions prepare our brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community.More generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.
The mechanism involves repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care.Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid.Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life.Good social habits do something similar in a social context.We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is inconvenient.We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.
Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much.Hence self-discipline is advantageous.In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world.These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.
[真题评价]
[价值导向]　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过Franz Boas对19世纪因纽特人生活的介绍引入主题，探讨了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类共同的社会本能和学习机制之中。选文旨在引发学生思考美的真谛，审视自己的日常行为，恪守道德准则追求内在美。
1．What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit's moral code
A．Living conditions were the drive.
B．Unwritten rules were the target.
C．Social tradition was the basis.
D．Honesty was the key.
√
解析：推理判断题。 根据第一段内容，尤其是尾句“With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.” 可推知，因纽特人道德准则的形成以社会传统为基础。
2．What can we learn from this passage
A．Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies.
B．Basic human needs lead to universal norms.
C．Language capacity is limited by self-control.
D．Written laws have great influence on virtues.
解析：细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“These universal norms far pre-date the concept ...learning and problem solving.”可知，普世性规范的建立源于人类的基本需求。
√
3．Which would be the best title for this passage
A．Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures
B．The Values of Self-discipline
C．Brains: Walls Against Chaos
D．The Roots of Morality
√
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章通过 Franz Boas对19世纪因纽特人生活的介绍引入主题，探讨了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类共同的社会本能和学习机制之中。因此，D项“道德的起源”是本文的最佳标题。
[语篇精读]
一、理文脉，把握文章大意
本文是一篇说明文，采用了
“特殊—一般”型的语篇模式。
二、拓词汇，厚积语基语料
1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义)
①(熟词生义)With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so demanding, the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense.___________________
②(派生词)These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.________
adj.棘手的，难应付的
v.早于
③(转化词)Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning and problem solving. ________________
v.使……扎根
2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思)
①be taken to heart　　　　　 ____________
②the intense desire to belong _____________
③the norms and values ______________
④boost problem-solving skills __________________
⑤in extremely unobvious ways ___________________
铭记于心
强烈的归属感
规范和价值观
提高解决问题的能力
以极其不明显的方式
三、析难句，破解阅读障碍
In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the physical world.
抓标志：连词 ___
判类型：复合句→主句＋状语从句
试翻译：在人类中，一个很发达的大脑能提高自我控制能力，就像它能提高社会和物质世界中解决问题的能力一样。
as
4
发展提升—过表达关
由教材典句，学高级表达
句式　before引导时间状语从句
|解|读|规|则|
含before 的常用句式有：
①It won't be long before ...“用不了多久就会……”(before从句用一般现在时)。
②It wasn't long before ...“没过多久就……”(before从句用一般过去时)。
③It will be＋一段时间＋before ...“要过若干时间之后才……”(before从句用一般现在时)。
④It was＋一段时间＋before ...“过了若干时间才……”(before从句用一般过去时)。
|习|练|规|则|　(单句语法填空/句型转换)
①It didn't take long _______ they walked through the front door carrying a big box.
②We will get the results after months.
→_______________________ we get the results.
before
It will be months before
|应|用|写|美|
③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷写作)我用力握了一下他的手，然后跳下车，疯狂地向公交车跑去，在它出发前的那一刻跳了上去。
Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just _________________.
④(话题写作之环境保护)过不了多久，全球变暖就会导致海洋生态系统中的珊瑚礁减少99%以上。
_____________________ global warming causes coral reefs to decline by more than 99% in sea ecosystems.
before it departed
It won't be long before
建构语义场，丰富语料库
子语境(一)　诚实守信
1．find out the truth　　　　 发现真相
2．lead to a crisis of trust 导致信任危机
3．hurt people's feelings 伤害人们的感情
4．cause unexpected embarrassment or trouble
引起意想不到的尴尬或麻烦
5．Don't throw away honesty, and when you go back and pick it up, it has lost its original color!
切勿丢掉诚实，当你回过头再去捡时，它已失去了原有的色彩！
6．You should first of all keep in mind that honesty is the best policy: always strive to complete your work in a way that you can be proud of.
你首先应该记住，诚为上策： 始终都要努力以一种让你引以为豪的方式完成你的学业。
子语境(二)　承担责任
1．a well-developed sense of responsibility　 高度责任感
2．make the world a better place 让世界更美好
3．have a responsibility to make a contribution 有责任做出贡献
4．be responsible for your successes and your failures
要对自己的成功和失败负责任
5．Instead of being quick to blame others, analyse the problem, and if it is indeed your own fault, be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it.
不要急于责怪别人，先分析问题，如果确实是你自己的错，准备好承认错误，然后改正它。
主题微写作，勤练笔不辍
(一)应用单元所学补全语段(蓝体字为单元词汇的复现)
Hello everyone!
①_______________________________________________(我很荣幸能站在这里发表演讲) about the person I respect most.②_________ _______________________________(说到我最尊重的人), I have to mention my uncle, who is always keen on helping others.
It is a privilege for me to stand here to deliver a speech
When it
comes to the person I respect most
③________________________(热心且可靠), he is always the first man to give a helping hand to those in need.④______________ ___________(无论何时我感到沮丧), he always stands by me and assists me to overcome the difficulties.Under his guidance, I have learned that it's worthwhile ⑤________________________________ ____________(努力使世界更加美好)．
Such is my uncle, a decent man, from whom I learned how to be a man with great virtue.
Thank you for your listening.
Warm-hearted and reliable
Whenever I feel
discouraged
to make efforts to make the world a
better place
(二)对标单元主题创写语段
Peter是一名很有上进心的小学生，为了周一的这次拼写测试，他整个周末都在家认真复习。终于，功夫不负有心人，他获得了满分的好成绩，并受到了Mr White的重点表扬。但是试卷发下来后，Peter却发现有个错单词被老师遗漏了……
请你结合具体情节，描写一下Peter拿到试卷后的心理变化：自豪→困惑→沉思→抉择，注意突显“Honesty is the best policy！”这一主题。
After Mr White gave the test paper back, Peter had a look at the words, feeling proud of his spelling.___________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
After Mr White gave the test paper back, Peter had a look at the words, feeling proud of his spelling.All of a sudden, the word “contribusion” confused him.It didn't seem right.Peter began to compare it with the one on the word list. It turned out that he had spelled it wrong.Staring at the red sign “100” which was written on his test paper, Peter was lost in thought. After a while, he remembered a lesson Mum used to teach him, “We ought to be an honest person.After all, honesty is the best policy！” Peter raised his hand slowly and nervously, “Mr White, I didn't get 100 in the test.I missed a word.”
5
课下测评—过高考关
课时作业(一)　主题阅读集群训练　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·南通模拟)Working at a bank in New York City in the mid-2010s, Anna Sacks was not living the life she wanted. Sure, she was happy. But she wanted to do something that felt important.
Some people seeking meaning might read a self-help book or perhaps volunteer a few hours a week. Sacks packed up her life and moved to Connecticut to participate in Adamah, a farming program that focuses on sustainable living and growing sustainable food. When she returned to New York, her life was with a new purpose and many new skills to make her dreams a reality.
“One of the things that really stuck with me from Adamah was how little waste they produced and how they handled the waste they did have, primarily through composting (堆肥)，” she says. The Adamah program opened Sacks' eyes to the damage consumer culture is doing on a local, national, and global level, and the need to find solutions. So in 2017, she began what she calls “trash walking”．
During tours around her community, Sacks picks through garbage to look for reusable items. Soon, her “trash walking” expanded to include corporate trash along with residential trash. Surprisingly, she discovered a wide range of really great stuff — like clothing, decorations, and food — all of which she documents on the social media.
Under the name The Trash Walker, Sacks quickly gained popularity for her videos that highlight the problems with consumerism. “The root issue is overproduction, which leads to overconsumption, which leads to a large amount of waste，” she says.
Sacks' main focus is simply getting people to pay attention to how many unnecessary things they buy and then throw away. “Once you become aware of the way you consume, you can see ways you improve，” she says.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Anna Sacks参加了农业项目Adamah，学习可持续生活和种植可持续作物，这改变了她的生活目标和技能，希望引起人们对过度购买和过度浪费的关注，从而做出改变。
1．Why did Anna Sacks leave New York
A．To learn how to grow food.
B．To pursue a more meaningful life.
C．To realize her dream as a volunteer.
D．To accept the invitation from a program.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“she wanted to do something that felt important”以及第二段前两句可知，Anna Sacks离开纽约是因为她想过有意义的生活。
√
2．What impressed Anna Sacks most about the Adamah program
A．The significance of trash walking.
B．The hard truth of consumer culture.
C．The sustainable food people produced.
D．The way people there dealt with the waste.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，那里的人们处理废弃物的方式给Anna Sacks留下了最深的印象。
√
3．What makes companies prefer to throw out goods as trash
A．The tax refund.
B．The tax reduction.
C．The overproduction.
D．The poor quality of goods.
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句可知，退税让公司更愿意把商品当垃圾扔掉。
√
4．What can we learn from Anna Sacks' story
A．Consumer culture accounts for wasting.
B．Corporate trash outweighs residential trash.
C．Turning to farming leads to sustainable living.
D．Trash walking is the key to becoming wealthy.
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段可知，Anna Sacks的故事告诉我们：消费文化导致了过度生产、过度消费和大量浪费。
√
B
(2025·衡水中学模拟)There's a useful concept from psychology that helps explain why good people do things that harm the environment: the false consensus effect.That's where we overvalue how acceptable and prevalent (普遍的) our own behavior is in society.Put simply, if you're doing something (even if you secretly know you probably shouldn't), you're more likely to think plenty of other people do it too.What's more, you likely overestimate how much other people think that behavior is broadly OK.
This bias (偏见) allows people to justify socially unacceptable or illegal behaviors.Researchers have observed the false consensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting.More recently, conservationists are beginning to reveal how this effect contributes to environmental damage.
In Australia, people who admitted to poaching (偷猎) thought it was much more prevalent in society than it really was, and had higher estimates than fishers who obeyed the law.They also believed others viewed poaching as socially acceptable; however, in reality, more than 90% of fishers held the opposite view.The false consensus effect has also shown up in studies examining support for nuclear energy and offshore wind farms.
Just as concepts from psychology can help explain some forms of environmental damage, so too can they help address it.For example, research shows people are more likely to litter in areas where there's already a lot of trash scattered around; so making sure the ground around a bin is not covered in rubbish may help.
Factual information on how other people think and behave can be very powerful.Energy companies have substantially reduced energy consumption simply by showing people how their electricity use compares to their neighbors.Encouragingly, stimulating people's natural desire for status has also been successful in getting people to “go green to be seen”， or to publicly buy eco-friendly products.
As the research evidence shows, social norms can be a powerful force in encouraging and popularizing environmentally friendly behaviors.Perhaps you can do your bit by sharing this article!
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是“错误共识效应”，并说明可以通过这一效应背后的心理学原理来实施社会规范，从而鼓励和推广环境友好行为。
5．Which example best illustrates the false consensus effect
A．A student spends long hours surfing the Internet.
B．A blogger assumes many people dislike his posts.
C．A driver frequently parks illegally in public places.
D．A smoker believes people generally approve of smoking.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段及第二段第二句可知，错误共识效应表示我们高估自己的行为在社会上的可接受性和普遍性，即使自己知道这件事不应该做，D项“吸烟者认为人们普遍赞成吸烟”就是一个典型的例子。
6．How did most Australian fishers view the issue of poaching
A．It is unacceptable.　 B．It is widespread.
C．It is controversial. D．It is complex.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，大多数澳大利亚渔民认为偷猎是不可接受的。
√
7．What does the underlined part “go green to be seen” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Embrace green habits for better health.
B．Make green choices that others can perceive.
C．Join green movements for personal fulfillment.
D．Choose green items that are easy to spot in stores.
√
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分上下文语境可知，激发人们对于身份的自然渴望能吸引人们做出能让别人感知到的绿色生活的选择，故画线部分表示“做出别人能感知到的绿色生活的选择”。
8．What is a recommended approach to addressing environmental problems
A．Understate social norms.
B．Highlight personal responsibilities.
C．Publicize sustainable practices.
D．Encourage technological innovations.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句及最后一段可知，通过社会规范公布其他人的思考和行为信息可以鼓励和推广环境友好行为，因此，宣传可持续实践是一个值得推荐的处理环境问题的方法。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2025·山东名校联考)The storms in our lives often leave behind gifts if we open our eyes to see them.As the skies clear and you start to emerge from the loss, look for the silver linings. 9
Going through difficulties requires courage and determination.You have to dig deep and find the strength you didn't know you possessed to overcome the challenges. 10 That self-knowledge and confidence in your abilities will serve you well going forward.
精品课件·名师析题
Coming out the other side of trouble sometimes gives you a fresh outlook.Priorities shift. 11 You have a deeper appreciation for life's simple moments and clarity about what matters.Use that insight to guide your choices and cherish each day. 12 The old way of doing things no longer works, so you must rebuild and reimagine your life.Though change is hard, it opens up possibilities for new growth and exciting adventures.Look at this as a chance for a fresh start.You can pursue new dreams or make a long-wished-for switch in your situation.The future is unwritten.
Your struggles and pain have given you understanding for what others maybe going through in their own lives.You now recognize the suffering of people around you and desire to help ease their burdens.Use your experience to be there for friends and family members facing difficulties. 13 Your sympathy can make a real difference.
A．Dramatic changes often lead to transformation.
B．They're there if you are bent on searching for them.
C．Offer a listening ear and share your story with them.
D．Storms shape us, but the silver linings make us suffer.
E．What seemed important before now pales in comparison.
F．Now you know you have the inner power to weather storms.
G．This new perspective removed previous doubt about yourself.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了面对困难、应对挑战时我们应该怎么做。
9．解析：选B　上文提到，如果你睁开眼去看，就能发现生活中的风暴也会留下礼物。当天空变晴，你开始从失落中走出来，寻找一线希望。故B项“如果你执意要寻找，它们就在那里”承接上文，符合语境。选项中“them”指代上文的“the silver linings”。
10．解析：选F　上文提到，你必须深入挖掘，找到你不知道自己拥有的力量来克服挑战，F项“现在你知道你有战胜风暴的内在力量”承接上文，符合语境。且后文中的“That self-knowledge and confidence in your abilities”与选项中的“the inner power”呼应。
11．解析：选E　上文提到走出困境后你看待事情的视角会发生转变，关注的重点会有不同。E项“以前看来重要的东西，现在相比之下就相形见绌了”承接上文，解释说明上文提到的“Priorities shift”，符合语境。
12．解析：选A　下文解释了改变的益处。故A项“剧烈的变化往往会导致转变”衔接下文，符合语境。
13．解析：选C　上文提到可以利用自己的经验帮助周围的人面对困难，C项“提供一个倾听的耳朵并和他们分享你的故事”承接上文，提供了具体的方法。
课时作业(二)　语言技能综合训练　　　　　
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2025·河南周口四校联考)Driving through a West Haven crossroads, a young man named Rhett and his friends encountered something extraordinary.There, in the middle of the road, was a box filled with envelopes.But these were no 1 envelopes; each was packed with cash, 2 to a total of between $45,000 and $50,000.Rhett, 3 the moment, said, “We didn't know until I kicked one of them and money flew out.” This 4 find quickly turned into a moral decision.
5 the life-changing amount of money at their fingertips, they chose the path of 6 . Rhett humorously reflected on their 7 process, saying, “The first reaction was like, well, let's get this to the right person.”
The rightful owner of the money, who had reported it lost, was informed of its 8 .The relief and gratitude he must have felt upon hearing this news were 9 .Hearing the news, Rhett's mom definitely 10 it!
The owner's reaction to getting his money back was one of disbelief and enormous gratitude.He planned to meet the young men to thank them 11 and offer a reward.The story of these three young men is a convincing 12 of the impact of good choices and moral courage.
Their actions 13 an inspiration to others, showing that even in the face of great temptation (诱惑), it's possible to choose the right course of action.Despite the countless ways it could have 14 them, the young men's decision to return the money is a powerful example of the values that truly 15 .
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个名叫瑞德的年轻人和他的朋友们捡到巨额现金并选择归还失主的故事，说明了什么是真正重要的价值观。
1．A.thick　　　　　　　 B．ordinary
C．valuable D．official
解析：根据后文“each was packed with cash”可知，这不是普通的信封，每个里面都装满了现金。
√
2．A.amounting B．referring
C．sticking D．contributing
解析：根据后文“to a total of between $45,000 and $50,000”可知，信封里钱的数量达到了4.5万到5万美元。
√
3．A.recording B．blessing
C．recalling D．picking
解析：根据后文语境可知，此处是他在回忆捡到信封的情景。
4．A.unavoidable B．unconfirmed
C．uneventful D．unexpected
解析：根据上文语境可知，他们是意外发现这些信封的。
√
√
5．A.Instead of B．Owing to
C．In addition to D．In spite of
解析：此处表示尽管他们手上的这些钱足以改变他们的生活，但他们选择了诚实。前后文语境为让步转折关系，表示“尽管”应用in spite of。
√
6．A.integrity B．patience
C．tolerance D．generosity
解析：根据后文语境可知，他们选择上交信封，选择诚实。
7．A.eye-catching B．decision-making
C．time-saving D．mind-blowing
解析：根据后文语境可知，此处是在回顾他们做决定的过程。
√
√
8．A.survival B．progress
C．recovery D．application
解析：根据上文语境可知，此处表示丢失的钱被取回，意为“失而复得”，应用recovery。
√
9．A.imperfect B．immeasurable
C．impractical D．impure
解析：根据上文“The relief and gratitude”可知，此处表示失主一定会感到无比的宽慰和感激，表示“不可估量的”用immeasurable。
√
10．A.warned B．doubted
C．applauded D．advocated
解析：根据上文可知，瑞德选择归还这笔钱，因此瑞德的妈妈得知儿子做法后很欣慰，故此处表示高兴得鼓掌。
√
11．A.vividly B．frequently
C．casually D．personally
解析：根据后文“and offer a reward”可知，失主打算亲自去见这些年轻人，向他们道谢，并给出奖赏。
√
12．A.victory B．investment
C．response D．reminder
解析：根据上文语境可知，此处表示，这个故事提醒我们正确的选择带来的影响。
√
13．A.carry away B．consist of
C．serve as D．rely on
解析：根据后文“an inspiration to others”可知，他们的行为激励了其他人。
√
14．A.recognized B．benefited
C．honored D．alarmed
解析：结合上文可知，此处表示几个年轻人捡到了一大笔钱，本来可以从中受益，但他们选择了归还失主。
√
15．A.matter B．arise
C．disappear D．remain
解析：根据上文可知，这几个年轻人决定归还这笔钱，这是一个强有力的例子，证明了什么是真正重要的价值观。
√
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·台州模拟)Tang Yan gave up a promising career in 1992 to save an almost lost art — that of “Beijing silk figurine” (北京绢人)．In 1997, she established a studio with five other enthusiasts.Then they spent 1 entire year making several figurines, only to find there was no market for their products.
“A figurine could cost 2 (basic) the annual salary of many people at the time due to precious materials and complicated handicraft techniques，” Tang said.“Many potential customers were amazed by the beauty of our products, but their price 3 (drive) them away.”
The first failure taught Tang 4 they needed: finding ways to reduce production costs. She made many creative and bold 5 (adaptation) to the traditional figurines, like using machines to paint the clothes.These measures cut the price to less than a tenth of the 6 (origin) one.However, 7 (lend) the dolls a sense of delicacy and craftsmanship, she preserved several hand-made processes for hair and makeup.
After decades of whole-hearted devotion 8 the craft, Tang now runs her own Beijing figurine product brand Tang Wawa.“Girls in China need their own dolls.When I was little, dolls 9 (call) yangwawa, meaning Western dolls，” Tang continued.“I wanted to create dolls 10 (bear) a cultural connection to Chinese people, figurines with a rich historical implication.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章详细讲述了唐燕在拯救濒临失传的“北京绢人”艺术的过程中遇到的挑战与困难，以及她如何成功创建了自己的“唐娃娃”品牌。
1．an　考查冠词。year是可数名词，句中用的单数，空前应用不定冠词修饰，表示“一”，且entire以元音音素开头，故填an。
2．basically　考查副词。空处修饰动词，应用副词形式，故填basically。
3．drove　考查动词时态。本句是but连接的并列句，drive作后句的谓语，根据前文“were amazed”可知，应用一般过去时，故填drove。
4．what　考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的事物”，故填what。
5．adaptations　考查名词复数。空前是形容词，所以空处应用名词作宾语；根据前文的“many”可知，应用复数形式。
6．original　考查形容词。空后是名词，所以应用形容词作定语，故填original。
7．to lend　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词preserved，所以空处应用非谓语动词形式；此处表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语。
8．to　考查介词。devotion to意为“对……的献身”，为固定搭配。
9．were called　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。call作本句谓语，和主语dolls之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据前文的“was”可知，应用一般过去时；主语为复数，故填were called。
10．bearing　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词wanted，所以bear应用非谓语形式，且bear和逻辑主语doll之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作定语。
Ⅲ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，为培养高中生心怀感恩、勇于担当的优秀品格，你校举行了以“责任、感恩”为主题的成人礼活动(the coming-of-age ceremony)。请你为校广播站写一篇活动报道，内容包括：
1．活动的时间、地点；
2．活动的过程；
3．活动的意义。
精品课件·名师析题
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
The school playground witnessed the coming-of-age ceremony last Friday, whose aim is to cultivate high school students' attitudes of gratitude and courage to take responsibility.
At the beginning of the event, the principal delivered an inspiring speech, highlighting the importance of embracing adulthood with responsibility and integrity.Then, it was followed by the symbolic act of receiving gifts from parents, which marked the transition into adulthood.To conclude the event, the school organized a heart-warming candle-lighting ceremony, symbolizing the students' bright future ahead.
The ceremony holds great significance as it serves as a reminder that we students should take responsibility and develop a strong sense of identity.Overall, it is a memorable and meaningful event for both students and parents, celebrating this significant milestone and encouraging personal growth.
课时作业(三)　读后续写讲评训练　
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1] Alice and her family went on a camping trip along the seaside.Upon arrival, Dad called for a meeting.He announced, “There are lots of jobs to be done.It's no fun on holiday if Mum and I do all the work, so I come up with this pocket money chart. In this way, everyone has to do something, and you must do your own jobs every day! If you do your jobs well, you get some extra pocket money！”
精品课件·名师析题
[2] Looking at the chart, which had their names on it next to a list of jobs, the kids frowned at the idea. Unwillingly, they began to do their jobs.Alice washed up the dishes.Mike, the youngest brother, dried the dishes.Jeff, Alice's twin brother, took their dog for a walk.
[3] The next day they went to the beach.After playing some time in the sea, they went to look for shells along the beach.Suddenly, Alice found a strange-looking rock.She picked it up and showed it to Dad.
“You've found a fossil (化石)! It was once a shellfish and has turned into a rock after millions of years！” Dad said happily. Greatly inspired, Alice continued her search, determined to find a better one, but she failed. Darkness fell, and Alice had to head back to the campsite with her family in disappointment.On the way back they stopped at a shop, where Alice spotted some amazing fossils！ But soon she found they were too expensive!
[4] Back at the camp, Alice was still thinking of the amazing fossils in the shop. Suddenly an idea occurred to her, “I'll do everyone's jobs and then I can get all the extra pocket money to buy a fossil！” The next morning, Alice offered to dry the dishes and walk the dog, which greatly pleased Mike and Jeff. But things didn't go as Alice planned.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
When Dad saw Alice walking the dog, he was confused. _________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Later that morning, Mike and Jeff approached Alice when they found she was unhappy. _______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[写作构思指导]
一、读文路径(把握结构主旨)
二、思考路径
1．理清故事双线
2．关注伏笔照应
伏笔1(句①)：暗示Alice一家人都会完成自己的工作并度过一个愉快的假期。
伏笔2(句②)：暗示Alice最终会买到一块美丽的化石。
伏笔3(句③)：暗示爸爸会反对Alice的做法。
3．构思续写内容(运用“5所”构思)
第一段：
①How did Dad feel and do？(所感、所做——接续首句)
②What did Alice say？(所说——推进情节)
③How did Dad respond？(根据原文伏笔3提出问题：所说——推进情节)
④How did Alice feel？(所想——衔接下文)
第二段：
⑤What did Mike and Jeff give to Alice to please her？(所做——接续首句)
⑥How did Alice feel and what did she do (所感、所做——推进情节)
⑦What was there in the box and what did she do (所见、所做——推进情节)
⑧What lesson did Alice learn from this event？(所想——主旨升华)
[逻辑润色成文]
一、写好两个关键语段
1．请设计爸爸在发现Alice做别人的工作时与Alice的对话。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Alice said very slowly, “I ...I just want to earn all the extra pocket money to buy that fossil in the shop.” “I'm sorry, Alice. I'm afraid you can't.You all have to do the jobs — not just you.The point is that we share the jobs.” Dad said firmly.
2．请设计Alice意外收到 Mike和Jeff赞助的零用钱时的所做与所想。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It was her brothers' extra pocket money, with which she could afford one of the fossils she dreamed about！She threw her arms around her brothers, tears welling up in her eyes.Jeff said, “Dad told us your plan.” It dawned on Alice that Dad was trying to tell her that rules are rules but love between family members never fails.
二、衔接好，做到逻辑顺畅成文
When Dad saw Alice walking the dog, he was confused. ____________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________
______
Obviously, he was not happy about this.When Alice came back, Dad asked why she was doing Jeff's job.Alice said very slowly, “I ...I just want to earn all the extra pocket money to buy that fossil in the shop.”(对话描写) “I'm sorry, Alice. I'm afraid you can't.You all have to do the jobs — not just you.The point is that we share the jobs.” Dad said firmly. (对话描写，对应伏笔3)Hearing what Dad said, Alice felt disappointed and sad. (心理描写)She thought it was unfair that Dad didn't think highly of her hard work. (心理描写)
Later that morning, Mike and Jeff approached Alice when they found she was unhappy. ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
They presented a small box and urged her to open it. (动作描写)Alice had no idea what was going on, but seeing her two brothers' eyes twinkling with eagerness, she opened it.The moment she saw what was inside, Alice jumped up with joy. (动作描写)It was her brothers' extra pocket money, with which she could afford one of the fossils she dreamed about! She threw her arms around her brothers, tears welling up in her eyes. (动作描写)Jeff said, “Dad told us your plan.” It dawned on Alice that Dad was trying to tell her that rules are rules but love between family members never fails (心理描写)．(本段对应伏笔1和2)选择性必修4　UNIT 1课时作业(二)语言技能综合训练
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2025·河南周口四校联考)Driving through a West Haven crossroads, a young man named Rhett and his friends encountered something extraordinary.There, in the middle of the road, was a box filled with envelopes.But these were no __1__ envelopes; each was packed with cash, __2__ to a total of between D|S45,000 and D|S50,000.Rhett, __3__ the moment, said, “We didn't know until I kicked one of them and money flew out.” This __4__ find quickly turned into a moral decision.
__5__ the life changing amount of money at their fingertips, they chose the path of __6__.Rhett humorously reflected on their __7__ process, saying, “The first reaction was like, well, let's get this to the right person.”
The rightful owner of the money, who had reported it lost, was informed of its __8__.The relief and gratitude he must have felt upon hearing this news were __9__.Hearing the news, Rhett's mom definitely __10__ it!
The owner's reaction to getting his money back was one of disbelief and enormous gratitude.He planned to meet the young men to thank them __11__ and offer a reward.The story of these three young men is a convincing __12__ of the impact of good choices and moral courage.
Their actions __13__ an inspiration to others, showing that even in the face of great temptation (诱惑), it's possible to choose the right course of action.Despite the countless ways it could have __14__ them, the young men's decision to return the money is a powerful example of the values that truly __15__.
1．A.thick　　　　　 　　B．ordinary
C．valuable D．official
2．A.amounting B．referring
C．sticking D．contributing
3．A.recording B．blessing
C．recalling D．picking
4．A.unavoidable B．unconfirmed
C．uneventful D．unexpected
5．A.Instead of B．Owing to
C．In addition to D．In spite of
6．A.integrity B．patience
C．tolerance D．generosity
7．A.eye catching B．decision making
C．time saving D．mind blowing
8．A.survival B．progress
C．recovery D．application
9．A.imperfect B．immeasurable
C．impractical D．impure
10．A.warned B．doubted
C．applauded D．advocated
11．A.vividly B．frequently
C．casually D．personally
12．A.victory B．investment
C．response D．reminder
13．A.carry away B．consist of
C．serve as D．rely on
14．A.recognized B．benefited
C．honored D．alarmed
15．A.matter B．arise
C．disappear D．remain
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·台州模拟)Tang Yan gave up a promising career in 1992 to save an almost lost art — that of “Beijing silk figurine” (北京绢人)．In 1997, she established a studio with five other enthusiasts.Then they spent __1__ entire year making several figurines, only to find there was no market for their products.
“A figurine could cost __2__ (basic) the annual salary of many people at the time due to precious materials and complicated handicraft techniques，” Tang said.“Many potential customers were amazed by the beauty of our products, but their price __3__ (drive) them away.”
The first failure taught Tang __4__ they needed: finding ways to reduce production costs.She made many creative and bold __5__ (adaptation) to the traditional figurines, like using machines to paint the clothes.These measures cut the price to less than a tenth of the __6__ (origin) one.However, __7__ (lend) the dolls a sense of delicacy and craftsmanship, she preserved several hand made processes for hair and makeup.
After decades of whole hearted devotion __8__ the craft, Tang now runs her own Beijing figurine product brand Tang Wawa.“Girls in China need their own dolls.When I was little, dolls __9__ (call) yangwawa, meaning Western dolls，” Tang continued.“I wanted to create dolls __10__ (bear) a cultural connection to Chinese people, figurines with a rich historical implication.”
Ⅲ.应用文写作精品课件·名师析题
假定你是李华，为培养高中生心怀感恩、勇于担当的优秀品格，你校举行了以“责任、感恩”为主题的成人礼活动(the coming of age ceremony)。请你为校广播站写一篇活动报道，内容包括：
1．活动的时间、地点；
2．活动的过程；
3．活动的意义。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　
　
课时作业(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个名叫瑞德的年轻人和他的朋友们捡到巨额现金并选择归还失主的故事，说明了什么是真正重要的价值观。
1．选B　根据后文“each was packed with cash”可知，这不是普通的信封，每个里面都装满了现金。
2．选A　根据后文“to a total of between D|S45,000 and D|S50,000”可知，信封里钱的数量达到了4.5万到5万美元。
3．选C　根据后文语境可知，此处是他在回忆捡到信封的情景。
4．选D　根据上文语境可知，他们是意外发现这些信封的。
5．选D　此处表示尽管他们手上的这些钱足以改变他们的生活，但他们选择了诚实。前后文语境为让步转折关系，表示“尽管”应用in spite of。
6．选A　根据后文语境可知，他们选择上交信封，选择诚实。
7．选B　根据后文语境可知，此处是在回顾他们做决定的过程。
8．选C　根据上文语境可知，此处表示丢失的钱被取回，意为“失而复得”，应用recovery。
9．选B　根据上文“The relief and gratitude”可知，此处表示失主一定会感到无比的宽慰和感激，表示“不可估量的”用immeasurable。
10．选C　根据上文可知，瑞德选择归还这笔钱，因此瑞德的妈妈得知儿子做法后很欣慰，故此处表示高兴得鼓掌。
11．选D　根据后文“and offer a reward”可知，失主打算亲自去见这些年轻人，向他们道谢，并给出奖赏。
12．选D　根据上文语境可知，此处表示，这个故事提醒我们正确的选择带来的影响。
13．选C　根据后文“an inspiration to others”可知，他们的行为激励了其他人。
14．选B　结合上文可知，此处表示几个年轻人捡到了一大笔钱，本来可以从中受益，但他们选择了归还失主。
15．选A　根据上文可知，这几个年轻人决定归还这笔钱，这是一个强有力的例子，证明了什么是真正重要的价值观。
Ⅱ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章详细讲述了唐燕在拯救濒临失传的“北京绢人”艺术的过程中遇到的挑战与困难，以及她如何成功创建了自己的“唐娃娃”品牌。
1．an　考查冠词。year是可数名词，句中用的单数，空前应用不定冠词修饰，表示“一”，且entire以元音音素开头，故填an。
2．basically　考查副词。空处修饰动词，应用副词形式，故填basically。
3．drove　考查动词时态。本句是but连接的并列句，drive作后句的谓语，根据前文“were amazed”可知，应用一般过去时，故填drove。
4．what　考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的事物”，故填what。
5．adaptations　考查名词复数。空前是形容词，所以空处应用名词作宾语；根据前文的“many”可知，应用复数形式。
6．original　考查形容词。空后是名词，所以应用形容词作定语，故填original。
7．to lend　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词preserved，所以空处应用非谓语动词形式；此处表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语。
8．to　考查介词。devotion to意为“对……的献身”，为固定搭配。
9．were called　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。call作本句谓语，和主语dolls之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据前文的“was”可知，应用一般过去时；主语为复数，故填were called。
10．bearing　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词wanted，所以bear应用非谓语形式，且bear和逻辑主语doll之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作定语。
Ⅲ.应用文写作(参考范文)
The school playground witnessed the coming of age ceremony last Friday, whose aim is to cultivate high school students' attitudes of gratitude and courage to take responsibility.
At the beginning of the event, the principal delivered an inspiring speech, highlighting the importance of embracing adulthood with responsibility and integrity.Then, it was followed by the symbolic act of receiving gifts from parents, which marked the transition into adulthood.To conclude the event, the school organized a heart warming candle lighting ceremony, symbolizing the students' bright future ahead.
The ceremony holds great significance as it serves as a reminder that we students should take responsibility and develop a strong sense of identity.Overall, it is a memorable and meaningful event for both students and parents, celebrating this significant milestone and encouraging personal growth.
3 / 3选择性必修4　UNIT 1课时作业(三)读后续写讲评训练
精品课件·名师析题
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
[1] Alice and her family went on a camping trip along the seaside.Upon arrival, Dad called for a meeting.He announced, “There are lots of jobs to be done.It's no fun on holiday if Mum and I do all the work, so I come up with this pocket money chart. In this way, everyone has to do something, and you must do your own jobs every day! If you do your jobs well, you get some extra pocket money！”
[2] Looking at the chart, which had their names on it next to a list of jobs, the kids frowned at the idea. Unwillingly, they began to do their jobs.Alice washed up the dishes.Mike, the youngest brother, dried the dishes.Jeff, Alice's twin brother, took their dog for a walk.
[3] The next day they went to the beach.After playing some time in the sea, they went to look for shells along the beach.Suddenly, Alice found a strange looking rock.She picked it up and showed it to Dad. “You've found a fossil (化石)! It was once a shellfish and has turned into a rock after millions of years！” Dad said happily. Greatly inspired, Alice continued her search, determined to find a better one, but she failed. Darkness fell, and Alice had to head back to the campsite with her family in disappointment.On the way back they stopped at a shop, where Alice spotted some amazing fossils！ But soon she found they were too expensive!
[4] Back at the camp, Alice was still thinking of the amazing fossils in the shop. Suddenly an idea occurred to her, “I'll do everyone's jobs and then I can get all the extra pocket money to buy a fossil！” The next morning, Alice offered to dry the dishes and walk the dog, which greatly pleased Mike and Jeff.But things didn't go as Alice planned.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
When Dad saw Alice walking the dog, he was confused.　
　
Later that morning, Mike and Jeff approached Alice when they found she was unhappy.　
　
[写作构思指导]
一、读文路径(把握结构主旨)
二、思考路径
1．理清故事双线
2．关注伏笔照应
伏笔1(句①)：暗示Alice一家人都会完成自己的工作并度过一个愉快的假期。
伏笔2(句②)：暗示Alice最终会买到一块美丽的化石。
伏笔3(句③)：暗示爸爸会反对Alice的做法。
3．构思续写内容(运用“5所”构思)
第一段：
①How did Dad feel and do？(所感、所做——接续首句)
②What did Alice say？(所说——推进情节)
③How did Dad respond？(根据原文伏笔3提出问题：所说——推进情节)
④How did Alice feel？(所想——衔接下文)
第二段：
⑤What did Mike and Jeff give to Alice to please her？(所做——接续首句)
⑥How did Alice feel and what did she do (所感、所做——推进情节)
⑦What was there in the box and what did she do (所见、所做——推进情节)
⑧What lesson did Alice learn from this event？(所想——主旨升华)
[逻辑润色成文]
一、写好两个关键语段
1．请设计爸爸在发现Alice做别人的工作时与Alice的对话。
　
　
　
　
2．请设计Alice意外收到 Mike和Jeff赞助的零用钱时的所做与所想。
　
　
二、衔接好，做到逻辑顺畅成文
When Dad saw Alice walking the dog, he was confused.　
　
　
Later that morning, Mike and Jeff approached Alice when they found she was unhappy.　
　
　
课时作业(三)
一、1.Alice said very slowly, “I ...I just want to earn all the extra pocket money to buy that fossil in the shop.” “I'm sorry, Alice. I'm afraid you can't.You all have to do the jobs — not just you.The point is that we share the jobs.” Dad said firmly.
2．It was her brothers' extra pocket money, with which she could afford one of the fossils she dreamed about！She threw her arms around her brothers, tears welling up in her eyes.Jeff said, “Dad told us your plan.” It dawned on Alice that Dad was trying to tell her that rules are rules but love between family members never fails.
二、　　When Dad saw Alice walking the dog, he was confused. Obviously, he was not happy about this.When Alice came back, Dad asked why she was doing Jeff's job.Alice said very slowly, “I ...I just want to earn all the extra pocket money to buy that fossil in the shop.”(对话描写) “I'm sorry, Alice. I'm afraid you can't.You all have to do the jobs — not just you.The point is that we share the jobs.” Dad said firmly. (对话描写，对应伏笔3)Hearing what Dad said, Alice felt disappointed and sad. (心理描写)She thought it was unfair that Dad didn't think highly of her hard work. (心理描写)
Later that morning, Mike and Jeff approached Alice when they found she was unhappy. They presented a small box and urged her to open it. (动作描写)Alice had no idea what was going on, but seeing her two brothers' eyes twinkling with eagerness, she opened it.The moment she saw what was inside, Alice jumped up with joy. (动作描写)It was her brothers' extra pocket money, with which she could afford one of the fossils she dreamed about! She threw her arms around her brothers, tears welling up in her eyes. (动作描写)Jeff said, “Dad told us your plan.” It dawned on Alice that Dad was trying to tell her that rules are rules but love between family members never fails (心理描写)．(本段对应伏笔1和2)
3 / 3选择性必修4　UNIT 1课时作业(一)主题阅读集群训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·南通模拟)Working at a bank in New York City in the mid 2010s, Anna Sacks was not living the life she wanted. Sure, she was happy. But she wanted to do something that felt important.
Some people seeking meaning might read a self help book or perhaps volunteer a few hours a week. Sacks packed up her life and moved to Connecticut to participate in Adamah, a farming program that focuses on sustainable living and growing sustainable food. When she returned to New York, her life was with a new purpose and many new skills to make her dreams a reality.
“One of the things that really stuck with me from Adamah was how little waste they produced and how they handled the waste they did have, primarily through composting (堆肥)，” she says. The Adamah program opened Sacks' eyes to the damage consumer culture is doing on a local, national, and global level, and the need to find solutions. So in 2017, she began what she calls “trash walking”．
During tours around her community, Sacks picks through garbage to look for reusable items. Soon, her “trash walking” expanded to include corporate trash along with residential trash. Surprisingly, she discovered a wide range of really great stuff — like clothing, decorations, and food — all of which she documents on the social media.
Under the name The Trash Walker, Sacks quickly gained popularity for her videos that highlight the problems with consumerism. “The root issue is overproduction, which leads to overconsumption, which leads to a large amount of waste，” she says.
The fact is, companies often choose to trash items rather than give them away to people who might need them. A big reason for this waste is the way our current tax laws are structured, Sacks says. Sellers who destroy goods can claim the cost as a loss on their taxes and be refunded. If they give away goods, they can claim only a small amount as a charitable reduction on their taxes.
Sacks' main focus is simply getting people to pay attention to how many unnecessary things they buy and then throw away. “Once you become aware of the way you consume, you can see ways you improve，” she says.
1．Why did Anna Sacks leave New York
A．To learn how to grow food.
B．To pursue a more meaningful life.
C．To realize her dream as a volunteer.
D．To accept the invitation from a program.
2．What impressed Anna Sacks most about the Adamah program
A．The significance of trash walking.
B．The hard truth of consumer culture.
C．The sustainable food people produced.
D．The way people there dealt with the waste.
3．What makes companies prefer to throw out goods as trash
A．The tax refund.　 B．The tax reduction.
C．The overproduction. D．The poor quality of goods.
4．What can we learn from Anna Sacks' story
A．Consumer culture accounts for wasting.
B．Corporate trash outweighs residential trash.
C．Turning to farming leads to sustainable living.
D．Trash walking is the key to becoming wealthy.
B
(2025·衡水中学模拟)There's a useful concept from psychology that helps explain why good people do things that harm the environment: the false consensus effect.That's where we overvalue how acceptable and prevalent (普遍的) our own behavior is in society.Put simply, if you're doing something (even if you secretly know you probably shouldn't), you're more likely to think plenty of other people do it too.What's more, you likely overestimate how much other people think that behavior is broadly OK.
This bias (偏见) allows people to justify socially unacceptable or illegal behaviors.Researchers have observed the false consensus effect in drug use and illegal hunting.More recently, conservationists are beginning to reveal how this effect contributes to environmental damage.
In Australia, people who admitted to poaching (偷猎) thought it was much more prevalent in society than it really was, and had higher estimates than fishers who obeyed the law.They also believed others viewed poaching as socially acceptable; however, in reality, more than 90% of fishers held the opposite view.The false consensus effect has also shown up in studies examining support for nuclear energy and offshore wind farms.
Just as concepts from psychology can help explain some forms of environmental damage, so too can they help address it.For example, research shows people are more likely to litter in areas where there's already a lot of trash scattered around; so making sure the ground around a bin is not covered in rubbish may help.
Factual information on how other people think and behave can be very powerful.Energy companies have substantially reduced energy consumption simply by showing people how their electricity use compares to their neighbors.Encouragingly, stimulating people's natural desire for status has also been successful in getting people to “go_green_to_be_seen”， or to publicly buy eco friendly products.
As the research evidence shows, social norms can be a powerful force in encouraging and popularizing environmentally friendly behaviors.Perhaps you can do your bit by sharing this article!
5．Which example best illustrates the false consensus effect
A．A student spends long hours surfing the Internet.
B．A blogger assumes many people dislike his posts.
C．A driver frequently parks illegally in public places.
D．A smoker believes people generally approve of smoking.
6．How did most Australian fishers view the issue of poaching
A．It is unacceptable.　　B．It is widespread.
C．It is controversial. D．It is complex.
7．What does the underlined part “go green to be seen” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Embrace green habits for better health.
B．Make green choices that others can perceive.
C．Join green movements for personal fulfillment.
D．Choose green items that are easy to spot in stores.
8．What is a recommended approach to addressing environmental problems
A．Understate social norms.
B．Highlight personal responsibilities.
C．Publicize sustainable practices.
D．Encourage technological innovations.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五 精品课件·名师析题
(2025·山东名校联考)The storms in our lives often leave behind gifts if we open our eyes to see them.As the skies clear and you start to emerge from the loss, look for the silver linings.__9__
Going through difficulties requires courage and determination.You have to dig deep and find the strength you didn't know you possessed to overcome the challenges.__10__That self knowledge and confidence in your abilities will serve you well going forward.
Coming out the other side of trouble sometimes gives you a fresh outlook.Priorities shift.__11__You have a deeper appreciation for life's simple moments and clarity about what matters.Use that insight to guide your choices and cherish each day.__12__The old way of doing things no longer works, so you must rebuild and reimagine your life.Though change is hard, it opens up possibilities for new growth and exciting adventures.Look at this as a chance for a fresh start.You can pursue new dreams or make a long wished for switch in your situation.The future is unwritten.
Your struggles and pain have given you understanding for what others maybe going through in their own lives.You now recognize the suffering of people around you and desire to help ease their burdens.Use your experience to be there for friends and family members facing difficulties.__13__Your sympathy can make a real difference.
A．Dramatic changes often lead to transformation.
B．They're there if you are bent on searching for them.
C．Offer a listening ear and share your story with them.
D．Storms shape us, but the silver linings make us suffer.
E．What seemed important before now pales in comparison.
F．Now you know you have the inner power to weather storms.
G．This new perspective removed previous doubt about yourself.
课时作业(一)　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Anna Sacks参加了农业项目Adamah，学习可持续生活和种植可持续作物，这改变了她的生活目标和技能，希望引起人们对过度购买和过度浪费的关注，从而做出改变。
1．选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“she wanted to do something that felt important”以及第二段前两句可知，Anna Sacks离开纽约是因为她想过有意义的生活。
2．选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，那里的人们处理废弃物的方式给Anna Sacks留下了最深的印象。
3．选A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句可知，退税让公司更愿意把商品当垃圾扔掉。
4．选A　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段可知，Anna Sacks的故事告诉我们：消费文化导致了过度生产、过度消费和大量浪费。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是“错误共识效应”，并说明可以通过这一效应背后的心理学原理来实施社会规范，从而鼓励和推广环境友好行为。
5．选D　推理判断题。根据第一段及第二段第二句可知，错误共识效应表示我们高估自己的行为在社会上的可接受性和普遍性，即使自己知道这件事不应该做，D项“吸烟者认为人们普遍赞成吸烟”就是一个典型的例子。
6．选A　细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，大多数澳大利亚渔民认为偷猎是不可接受的。
7．选B　词义猜测题。根据画线部分上下文语境可知，激发人们对于身份的自然渴望能吸引人们做出能让别人感知到的绿色生活的选择，故画线部分表示“做出别人能感知到的绿色生活的选择”。
8．选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句及最后一段可知，通过社会规范公布其他人的思考和行为信息可以鼓励和推广环境友好行为，因此，宣传可持续实践是一个值得推荐的处理环境问题的方法。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了面对困难、应对挑战时我们应该怎么做。
9．选B　上文提到，如果你睁开眼去看，就能发现生活中的风暴也会留下礼物。当天空变晴，你开始从失落中走出来，寻找一线希望。故B项“如果你执意要寻找，它们就在那里”承接上文，符合语境。选项中“them”指代上文的“the silver linings”。
10．选F　上文提到，你必须深入挖掘，找到你不知道自己拥有的力量来克服挑战，F项“现在你知道你有战胜风暴的内在力量”承接上文，符合语境。且后文中的“That self knowledge and confidence in your abilities”与选项中的“the inner power”呼应。
11．选E　上文提到走出困境后你看待事情的视角会发生转变，关注的重点会有不同。E项“以前看来重要的东西，现在相比之下就相形见绌了”承接上文，解释说明上文提到的“Priorities shift”，符合语境。
12．选A　下文解释了改变的益处。故A项“剧烈的变化往往会导致转变”衔接下文，符合语境。
13．选C　上文提到可以利用自己的经验帮助周围的人面对困难，C项“提供一个倾听的耳朵并和他们分享你的故事”承接上文，提供了具体的方法。
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